Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B25/00—Doors or closures for coke ovens
  • C10B25/02—Doors; Door frames
  • C10B25/06—Doors; Door frames for ovens with horizontal chambers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B25/00—Doors or closures for coke ovens
  • C10B25/02—Doors; Door frames
  • C10B25/08—Closing and opening the doors
  • C10B25/12—Closing and opening the doors for ovens with horizontal chambers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a closing device for a coke oven, as is typically found in so-called “non-recovery” or “heat-recovery” Koksofenbatterien.
• the invention also relates to a method for operating these coke ovens with the closing device according to the invention.
• the closing device closes off the horizontally directed openings of coke oven batteries as airtight as possible. These openings located at the front and rear furnace walls serve to fill horizontal coke oven ovens, which are operated cyclically and are expressed and filled after a coking cycle has elapsed.
• Some coke oven types are also filled by located in the ceiling area openings.
• the apertures located on the lateral furnace walls then serve to smooth the coke cake with leveling means, e.g. Planierstangen.
• leveling means e.g. Planierstangen.
• the furnace doors are often integrated into the furnace walls and are covered by these. Depending on the size of the openings or doors, these can cover the entire lower area of the furnace or cover only parts in order to achieve optimum filling and homogenization of the coke cake.
• the coking process takes 16 to 192 hours for a coking cycle and is carried out at temperatures of 800 to 1500 ° C. The temperature is slightly lower in the corners of the coke oven than in the middle.
• the corners and edges of the coke oven in particular have an increased outward thermal conductivity due to the construction with joints and gaps in the masonry.
• load-bearing devices that do not contribute to the heating are installed in the area close to the door.
• the secondary air soles are often not enough to the door bottom, so that this area is much cooler.
• the walls of the coke ovens are often made of refractory bricks. Typical materials for the construction of the walls are bricks or other suitable refractory materials.
• the coke ovens are heated by supplying air into the furnace chamber with partial combustion of the coal used. For this purpose, a precisely metered amount of air is supplied. When filling the coke oven, the coal is usually not filled to the top of the furnace, but only up to a part of the height of the entire furnace.
• the overlying collection space is used to capture the gases that arise during a coking process.
• a partial combustion of the substances takes place, which gives off the coal when heated.
• a sub stoichiometric amount of air required for combustion the so-called primary air.
• the openings for supplying the primary air are placed so that the air flows into the collecting space above the coke cake. This is done through openings in the area of the furnace wall above the oven door or through openings in the ceiling area.
• the resulting in the combustion process partially combusted gases are collected and passed through channels within the coke cake, in the wall or in the doors in the area under the furnace bottom.
• These channels are also called “downcomer” channels, in the area below the bottom of the furnace there are so-called secondary air soles, which are formed by channels running under the bottom of the furnace and in which the gases from the coking process are burned with additionally supplied air, the so-called secondary air. Since the bottom of the coke oven usually has a high thermal conductivity, the coking process is heated by this secondary combustion also from below.
• the "downcomer" channels can be in the form of metal pipes in the coke cake, but they can also be accommodated in the door-walls, thereby relieving the Gassammeiraum from the pressure built up during the coking process Finally, the coking gases through gaps in As a result, the coke oven doors are relieved of the build-up pressure.
• the doors in the coke oven chamber wall on the front of the furnace are often designed as a door frame with a base plate.
• plugs are mounted, which consist of a highly heat-resistant material and seal the coke cake against the environment when coking beyond the wall thickness. These doors can keep the heat loss to the outside during coking relatively low, when the door plug closes the space between coke oven chamber and coke oven door tight. A heat loss then occurs only during the ejection of the coke oven chamber, when cold air enters the interior of the coke oven chamber and heat loss can occur by blasting.
• the doors of the coke ovens can be made both of metals and of refractory furnace building materials.
• Oven doors are often made of a ceramic material because metal doors have some disadvantages.
• An essential problem of metallic shields is the thermal expansion. The thermal expansion compared to the ceramic material of the comprehensive wall has the consequence that the door can distort during the coking process and no longer fits snugly on the opening, whereby false air can be sucked.
• Another problem of metallic doors is the permanent deformation. Depending on the steel used, a strong inward or outward curvature is created. All steel grades show permanent deformation under extreme heat load. The production of high temperature steel is also expensive and difficult to process. Another problem is the high surface radiation of metallic furnace doors resulting from the high thermal conductivity of this material.
• Doors which are constructed exclusively of refractory building materials, in turn, have the disadvantage that they are of high weight and require correspondingly stable door body and movement devices.
• the refractory bodies are often used in the form of so-called plug in a door body frame.
• These refractory door stoppers are often not sufficiently tight, so that coking gases can penetrate to the outside and carbon can penetrate into the connecting elements between door and ceramic body. As a result, the door can be damaged, which often requires a high repair volume and early replacement of the doors.
• Between the door sockets and the plugs are often gas collection chambers, which are offset by leaks in the ceramic bodies with fine dust and carbon.
• the ceramic structure of the material often causes breaks in the plugs so that the door must be costly to repair.
• DE 2945017 A1 describes a coke oven door made of a metallic material.
• the metallic material is taken in the form of a plug in a door movement device.
• the plug is designed to form in its interior a longitudinally extending vertical gas collecting space accessible to the gaseous coking products.
• the plug has in the oven chamber side facing openings through which gases into the plenum and combustion or further processing can be supplied.
• an insulating device made of a thermally insulating material.
• the plugs can be multi-part or with expansion joints to compensate for the thermal expansion.
• the actual door plug can be connected by screwing with the door body.
• the coke oven door covers the entire coke oven chamber wall on the front of the oven. Through special openings there is a connection between the door-side vertical and the chamber-side horizontal gas collecting spaces.
• EP 186774 B1 describes a door stop made of a ceramic material.
• the door plug is bolted or wedged to a metal support frame. From the door plug directed away from the furnace there is an insulating layer, which forms a gas collection chamber with the door stopper. As a result, the door seals are relieved by the gas is discharged to the gas collection chamber and finally into the secondary air sole. In operation, the plugs protrude into the furnace chamber and keep the furnace filling at a certain distance from the door body, wherein the door body is pressed during the coking process with a locking device against the door frame of the furnace.
• a ceramic material in particular a hydraulically binding refractory concrete is provided. Essential components of the fire concrete are aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and iron oxide. The ceramic plate may also consist of exchangeable elements. This allows easier replacement in case of damage.
• the coke oven door except for small recesses closes off the entire coke oven chamber wall on the front of the oven.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a door construction for a coke oven battery or a furnace bank which does not show any problems with the high temperature differences when expressing the coke oven chambers. It should close the oven interior tight, so that no fines penetrate out of the oven chamber to the outside and can hamper the operation of the coke oven chamber and pose a threat to the environment and a problem for coke oven operation. During the ejection of the contents of the coke oven chamber as little cold air should get into the interior of the coke oven chamber and the heat loss by radiation to the outside should be as low as possible.
• the material of the door construction should be temperature stable and unbreakable and thereby have a long life and represent low costs for operation. Finally, the material should be cheap to manufacture.
• Another object of the invention is to eliminate the unevenness in the temperature distribution of the coke cake resulting from the angular shape of the coke oven chamber. The deteriorated cooking in the cooler corners of the coke oven battery should be prevented as much as possible.
• the invention solves this problem by a one-piece or multi-part O- fenekonstrutation of a heat-resistant material, which is used exactly matching and without gaps in the coke oven opening, the lower part as a movable coke oven chamber and the upper part as a fixed-captive coke oven wall of said Material is constructed.
• the material should be such that the thermal expansion is low and the breaking strength is high.
• the upper part of the coke furnace chamber opening is completed by the coke oven chamber wall. Most of the door-covering coke oven chamber wall is located above the coke oven chamber door. The Koksofenschand remains when opening as the outer wall of the coke oven chamber wall in the coke oven opening.
• the lower part is worked as a movable door, which, depending on the type of door device, pivoting or vertically upward moving or can be moved completely out of the coke oven chamber opening. A smaller portion of the coke oven chamber wall may laterally encompass the doors.
• the upper edge of the coke cake ends advantageous shortly below the lower edge of the part located above the door of the coke oven chamber wall.
• the distance between the lower edge of the upper Koksofenschand and the upper edge of the coke cake is advantageously 50 to 500 mm. However, it is still better at 100 to 200 mm. This makes it possible to express the coke cake, without it comes to repressing cold air in the coke oven chamber, because the upper part of the coke oven chamber wall prevents this. Also, the heat radiation is minimized.
• the wall comprising the oven door is also preferably made of a refractory or the same material as the oven doors.
• a refractory or the same material As a result, there is no distortion of the door construction or setting the furnace door, because the coefficients of thermal expansion of coke oven chamber and the door-enclosing wall are almost equal.
• the door according to the invention is made as a plug if the construction requires it. Preferably, however, this is used directly in the opening provided for this purpose.
• the expressing device has the same cross section as the door opening and the door of the coke oven chamber. This makes it possible to express the coke cake without slipping coke behind the expressing device. It also minimizes the heat lost and cold air entering the environment.
• the door constructions according to the invention do not contain any gas collecting spaces in order to reduce the build-up pressure during a coking process. Instead, this is done by so-called "downcomer" channels, which are housed in the side doorless walls, and these "downcomer” pipes serve to discharge the resulting coking gases into the secondary airbed.
• the device according to the invention can also be dispensed with a stopper, so that between the door and coke cake an unfilled space is created. This can derive the pressure building up.
• Particularly claimed is a device for sealing a coke oven, which is loaded by a horizontally directed, front and rear oven opening or prepared for coking, wherein
• At least one opening is provided with a door device according to the invention, which is to open for loading or preparing the coke oven and close again after loading, and • this door is embedded in a vertical wall which closes the horizontally directed furnace walls to the outside , and this door is moved away from the wall to open, and
• the doors are provided with suitable enclosing means and a suitable mechanism for opening and closing, and characterized in that
• the door-side coke oven chamber opening is closed by a combination of a rigid coke oven chamber wall and a movable or removable stopper body formed by the coke oven chamber wall, and these doors are accurately inserted into the coke oven opening when closing, with
• the door is worked so that it can be used directly and without further applied constructions in the oven opening.
• the door should close the oven opening as precisely as possible so that no impurities and coking products can escape to the outside.
• the derivation of the combustion media from the furnace chamber is to be taken over exclusively by the "downcomer" channels constructed on the side facing away from the door.
• the door closes the furnace chamber wall flush, so that no stems or heels arise. Then protrudes out of the furnace door only the door fitting device that can be used, for example, as a frame or grid. It is also possible to work the door as a plug in front of a door panel.
• the door of the refractory material according to the invention is then screwed, for example, in front of a metal plate which is connected to the movement mechanism for opening or closing.
• a metal plate which is connected to the movement mechanism for opening or closing.
• the door can also show a paragraph located above or below or above and below the door, which fits exactly into the coke oven chamber opening.
• the shoulder preferably has half the thickness of the coke oven chamber door and is preferably 50 to 500 mm high. However, it is possible to provide a different thickness or height for the heel.
• the heel or heels may be up, down, or sideways, and may be in any number or direction.
• a preferred material for the construction of the furnace door is a silica-containing or silica and alumina-containing material. These fabrics have a very low coefficient of thermal expansion so that the door trim does not change during the coking process. Ultimately, however, all materials which comprise an oxidic material of silicon or comprise an oxide material of the silicon and of aluminum are suitable. A list of suitable materials is shown in Figure 1, with materials comprising a nearly pure silica being particularly preferred.
• the doors are preferably made of a uniform material. For some purposes of the invention, however, it may be useful to make sections of a different material. This can be, for example, a metallic material or a hydraulically binding shotcrete.
• the doors can be shaped so that the coke cake is pressed into a mold that ensures a much more uniform heating of the coke cake. Due to the angular shape, in particular in the corners of the oven outwardly directed door sides of the oven chambers, there is often an inhomogeneous heating of the coke oven battery and thus to a delayed cooking process in the corners. The temperature is further reduced by the absence of heating cables and the presence of supporting devices not contributing to the underside heating process in the area close to the door. This gives a coke of poorer quality. Therefore, the doors according to the invention can be used to further improve the inventive MAESSEN device on the inside have an ellipsoidal bulge. It is also possible to choose a slope or heel edge instead of the ellipsoidal shape.
• ellipsoidal bulges or bevels or edges which can protrude from the door into the oven chamber.
• These ellipsoidal bulges are also preferably made of a silica or silica and alumina containing material.
• the reduced depth of the door can significantly increase the amount of coal loaded for one cycle.
• the ellipsoidal bulge extends continuously inwardly of the furnace with increasing ground proximity so that the door-side corners are rounded off. This improves the overall coking process because the cooler corners are left out. It is also possible to attach such a bulge to the furnace roof, which then extends continuously inwardly towards the roof as it approaches the ceiling. This is useful if the coke oven batteries are often loaded up to the ceiling area. This also rounds off the corners in the ceiling, resulting in an improved coking process.
• the indicated device parts are preferably made of a silicate-containing material. These are, for example, quartz rocks or materials pressed from silicate-containing stones. Preferably, these materials should have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, be mechanically stable and therefore insensitive to material fractures.
• the material can be made in any way. Possible sintering processes, but also pressing or casting processes are suitable for the production of the door devices according to the invention. Lastly, any method which leads to coke oven doors with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, mechanical stability or low sensitivity to material fractures is suitable for producing the device according to the invention.
• the device may in particular be provided on the furnace interior walls with a heat-reflecting material, a so-called "high-emission coating.”
• Suitable heat-reflecting materials are in particular inorganic metal oxides mixed with carbides, in which case chromium or iron oxides mixed with silicon carbides
• a highly reflective material which is suitable for coating the interior walls of the device according to the invention is taught by EP 742276 A1 Applying such a coating significantly improves the energy efficiency of the coking process and increases the temperature resistance of the walls and door devices.
• Doors of all constructions often have an inner Gassammeiraum that is to relieve the doors of a high gas pressure of the coke oven chamber.
• this is easily infiltrated by ash and coal dust, which causes difficulties in the process and makes high demands on the sealing material of the doors.
• a non-filled space can be left between the coke oven chamber door and coke cake, thus allowing the gases produced during coking to be better dissipated and dispensing with the presence of a vertical door-integrated gas collection chamber.
• this wall can likewise be made of a temperature-resistant material.
• the wall comprising the oven door is made of the same material as the oven door.
• the wall and the door have the same coefficient of expansion, so that there can be no warping and settling of the door construction during heating and cooling.
• the ellipsoidal bulges are preferably made of the same material as the door device.
• the door device is provided for the optimal execution of the coking process on the front side with a holding device, which allows a withdrawal and accurate adjustment during insertion.
• a holding device which allows a withdrawal and accurate adjustment during insertion.
• This is preferably carried out as a metal frame, are attached to the linkage or chains for guiding the drive device. For opening and closing as well as loading any kind of devices can be used.
• the door can be provided on the sides or on the inner wall with a sealing material. Often these are glass wool, rock wool or ceramic fiber mats. However, membranes may also be used for the application, as described in EP 724007 A1.
• the door according to the invention is then placed in the form of a plug in front of the sealing membrane and the plug element base plate. Finally, the door can also be fitted with a sealing mechanism be provided on resilient means to ensure an absolute gas-tightness of the coking process.
• furnace doors can be designed according to the invention on a coke oven or a coke oven battery. Thus, it is for example possible to close only one of two openings with the door lock device according to the invention, if, for example, constructive circumstances require it. But it can also be designed according to several doors or openings or doors and openings.
• the coke oven chamber or the coke oven battery or the coke oven bank can be configured as desired for carrying out the method according to the invention.
• a coke oven battery that is loaded through the ceiling.
• the ceiling of the furnace filling openings and suitable loading devices.
• the doors according to the invention can also accommodate openings for venting. These can be designed as flaps or as simple tubes.
• Ventilators may also be located in the wall comprising the oven door. This is also possible if the furnace wall consists of the refractory material according to the invention.
• the wall located above the coke oven chamber door may contain other ventilation openings, such as nozzles.
• a process is also claimed with which the device according to the invention is operated and with which a coke produced in the manufacture and improved in quality can be obtained.
• a Koksoffenbatterie o- of a coke oven bank or a single coke oven it does not matter whether the door devices are used for filling the coke oven or for optimizing the filling.
• the coke oven battery through the side and horizontally directed coke oven doors according to the invention.
• the coagulated coke is pushed out of the oven with the aid of a punch.
• the oven doors are opened and closed after loading or expressions.
• the coal can be loaded into the furnace battery by means of a loading machine that can be driven on a carriage into the coke oven battery.
• the coal bed is prepared for the coking process.
• the coke oven batteries For carrying out the method according to the invention, it is also possible to load the coke oven batteries through filling openings located in the coke oven ceiling.
• the laterally located openings with the coke oven doors according to the invention then serve to prepare the coal charge for the coking process, such as, for example, increasing the bulk density or planing bulk cones.
• a typical process for loading coke oven batteries through the coke oven ceiling is described in EP 1293552 B1.
• guide devices for coal filling car are applied to the Koksofendecke on which movable coal filling can be driven to fill the respective coke oven battery.
• the coal filling car is driven onto a hopper, from which the coal is transported into the coke oven via a transport screw and a filling telescope.
• an automatic adjusting device is used whose power is transmitted via a gear mechanism.
• leveling equipment which smoothes the coal charge as soon as it is filled into the coke oven chamber. An example of this is described in WO 2004/007640 A1.
• the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention offer the advantage of an effective and inexpensive door device for coke oven batte- rien.
• the door device exactly closing the oven opening has a high temperature. temperature resistance, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, high mechanical strength and can easily close tightly with current sealing and locking devices, so that no finely divided ash and carbon particles from the coke oven battery can escape to the outside.
• the doors are easy to make and can be easily incorporated into conventional coke oven ovens.
• the coke oven chamber closure device according to the invention leads to low operating costs due to its long service life in coking processes.
• the doors lead to improved coke quality, in particular when the forming corners are left open at the end by ellipsoidal bulges.
• the wall above the coke oven door prevents the entry of cold air into the coke oven chamber. The radiation is also reduced. This can reduce coal consumption and improve coke quality. Due to the reduced depth of the door, the amount of charge with coke for a cycle can be significantly increased.
• FIG. 1 shows a coke oven in a side view with inventive and closed door closure device. Both the coke oven door and the door-comprehensive coke oven chamber wall is made of the refractory material according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a coke oven in a side view with inventive and opened door lock device again. Only the coke oven door is made of the refractory material according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows a coke oven in a side view with inventive and closed door device again.
• Both the coke oven door and the comprehensive coke oven chamber wall are made of the material according to the invention.
• the comprehensive coke oven chamber wall contains a nozzle-shaped opening for ventilation. In the lower Koksofenecken ellipsoidal bulges for rounding the coke oven chambers are attached.
• FIG. 4 shows a coke oven in frontal view. Both the coke oven door and the door-comprehensive coke oven chamber wall are made of the material according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 A coke oven chamber (1) is loaded with coal and closed with a door (2) made of a refractory material. Suitable materials are preferably silika Vietnamese- or silica and alumina-containing materials.
• the horizontally directed and oven door comprehensive wall (3) is also made of this material, so that the door can not distort due to the same thermal expansion coefficient.
• the door is suspended from a support frame (4) to which a connection (4a) to a drive mechanism for extracting the door is attached. At this support frame is also a connection (4b) for pulling the door.
• a connection (4a) to a drive mechanism for extracting the door is attached.
• a connection (4a) to a drive mechanism for extracting the door is attached.
• a connection (4b) for pulling the door.
• FIG. 2 The coke oven chamber (1) is open after completion of the coking process to remove the coke cake (5).
• the coke oven doors (2) are in the open and raised positions, giving access to the coke oven chamber.
• With a stamp (11) of the coke cake (5) is pushed through the coke oven chamber to the other side.
• the door-enclosing wall (3) is made of conventional material. The presence of the front and rear door-enclosing coke oven chamber wall (3) prevents the penetration of cold air into the coke oven chamber and reduces the heat radiation to the outside. This can be optimized if the expressing device (11) has the same cross section as the coke oven opening.
• FIG. 3 The coke oven chamber (1) is loaded with coal and closed with a door made of a refractory material.
• the coke oven doors (1) are in the closed position.
• Ellipsoidal bulges (1a) are attached to the coke oven doors, rounding the corners and pushing the coke cake (5) into the coke oven chamber.
• the heating is more uniform, resulting in the improvement of coke quality. contributes.
• the oven walls comprising the oven doors (3) are mounted on the oven door nozzle-shaped ventilation pipes (12), which in addition to the ventilation pipes on the cover (6) admit additional air into the oven.
• FIG. 4 The coke oven chamber (1) is in operation and provided with closed coke oven door.
• the coke oven door (2) is surrounded by a coke oven wall (3) made of the same material as the oven door.
• Good here is the door holder (4) and in particular the vertically directed connector (4b) to pull up the door in the open position to see.
• flaps (13) to regulate the access of air into the secondary air sole.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Coke Industry (AREA)
• Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Special Wing (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=40394320

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (21)

Families Citing this family (8)

Family Cites Families (22)

• 2007
  • 2007-12-04 DE DE102007058473A patent/DE102007058473B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-11-27 WO PCT/EP2008/010062 patent/WO2009071233A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2008-11-27 AP AP2010005272A patent/AP3012A/xx active
  • 2008-11-27 BR BRPI0820688-0A patent/BRPI0820688A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-11-27 CN CN200880119017.1A patent/CN101883836B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-11-27 KR KR1020107012241A patent/KR20100100850A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-11-27 CA CA2707505A patent/CA2707505A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-11-27 MX MX2010006088A patent/MX2010006088A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2008-11-27 JP JP2010536361A patent/JP2011505477A/ja active Pending
  • 2008-11-27 UA UAA201108005A patent/UA100463C2/ru unknown
  • 2008-11-27 AU AU2008333618A patent/AU2008333618B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2008-11-27 EP EP08856307A patent/EP2227514A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-11-27 RU RU2011121658/05A patent/RU2522027C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-11-27 MY MYPI2010002411A patent/MY159873A/en unknown
  • 2008-11-27 US US12/734,903 patent/US8821693B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-12-04 CL CL2008003606A patent/CL2008003606A1/es unknown
  • 2008-12-04 AR ARP080105284A patent/AR070955A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-12-04 TW TW097147062A patent/TWI464251B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2010
  • 2010-06-02 ZA ZA2010/03923A patent/ZA201003923B/en unknown
  • 2010-06-02 EG EG2010060931A patent/EG25754A/xx active
  • 2010-06-18 CO CO10073864A patent/CO6290783A2/es active IP Right Grant

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events