EP2224166A1 - Structure de chaudière pour navire - Google Patents

Structure de chaudière pour navire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2224166A1
EP2224166A1 EP08778085A EP08778085A EP2224166A1 EP 2224166 A1 EP2224166 A1 EP 2224166A1 EP 08778085 A EP08778085 A EP 08778085A EP 08778085 A EP08778085 A EP 08778085A EP 2224166 A1 EP2224166 A1 EP 2224166A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
superheater
furnace
combustion
air
combustion gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08778085A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2224166A4 (fr
Inventor
Junji Imada
Isao Uchida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Publication of EP2224166A1 publication Critical patent/EP2224166A1/fr
Publication of EP2224166A4 publication Critical patent/EP2224166A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/40—Arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers, e.g. built-up from baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes
    • F22B21/04—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely
    • F22B21/08—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends
    • F22B21/081—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends involving a combustion chamber, placed at the side and built-up from water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/04—Controlling superheat temperature by regulating flue gas flow, e.g. by proportioning or diverting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/24—Disposition of burners to obtain a loop flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F23C7/04—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner to obtain maximum heat transfer to wall of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a marine boiler structure such as a marine boiler, a marine reheat boiler, etc., installed in a vessel.
  • a marine boiler 1 shown in Fig. 5 one or a plurality of burners 3 are installed at an upper portion of a furnace 2. Combustion gas generated by combusting a fuel in the burners 3 sequentially passes through a front bank tube 4, a superheater 5, and an evaporator tube bundle (rear bank tube) 6, which are disposed downstream of the furnace 2, to carry out heat exchange with fluid such as water, etc. flowing in the tubes.
  • a front bank tube 4 a superheater 5
  • an evaporator tube bundle (rear bank tube) 6 which are disposed downstream of the furnace 2, to carry out heat exchange with fluid such as water, etc. flowing in the tubes.
  • the combustion gas passes through an outlet-side gas duct 7 and is ejected to the exterior of the marine boiler 1 from a gas outlet 8.
  • reference sign 9 is a fluid drum
  • 10 is a vapor drum
  • 11 and 12 are headers.
  • the above-described imbalance of the combustion gas temperature is caused by the fact that most of the combustion gas flows through the furnace bottom portion of the furnace 2; thus, in the temperature distribution of the combustion gas passing through the superheater 5, the temperature tends to increase toward the center of the lower portion of the superheater.
  • the temperature increases toward the downstream side where the vapor temperature is higher. Therefore, in the superheater 5 of the above-described marine boiler 1, corrosion increases toward the lower portion, and, moreover, even in the same lower portion, corrosion is greater at positions where the temperature of vapor flowing in the tubes is higher. In other words, in the superheater 5, there is problem in that corrosion increases in regions of higher temperature.
  • the present invention has been conceived in light of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a marine boiler structure that is capable of remedying a non-uniform progression of corrosion by making the temperature distribution of combustion gas that passes through a superheater uniform, and that is capable of reducing the level of NOx contained in the combustion gas.
  • a first aspect of a marine boiler structure according to the present invention is a marine boiler structure configured such that combustion gas generated by combustion in a burner flows from a furnace through a superheater and an evaporator tube bundle, including a bottom air port that supplies part of the combustion air as bottom air from a bottom portion of the furnace, wherein the bottom air port is positioned closer to the superheater relative to a burner center line, and an ejecting direction of the bottom air is set within a range inclined in the burner direction from the vertically upward direction.
  • the bottom air port that supplies part of the combustion air as the bottom air from the furnace bottom portion is provided; the bottom air port is located closer to the superheater relative to the burner center line; and the ejecting direction of the bottom air is set within the range inclined in the burner direction from the vertically upward direction, it is possible to change a flow pattern of the combustion gas in the furnace with the flow of the bottom air. That is, because the flow of the combustion gas heading toward the superheater from the furnace bottom portion is initially pushed in an opposite direction from the superheater due to the flow of the bottom air, flow concentrating on a furnace bottom portion side can be eliminated, and the combustion gas can flow substantially uniformly toward the superheater.
  • injecting the bottom air in this way constitutes a two-stage injection of the combustion air, which is effective in reducing NOx in the combustion gas.
  • the combustion air used as the bottom air be about 30 % or less of the total amount of air.
  • the ejecting direction of the bottom air ports be set within in a range between the vertically upward direction (0 degree) and about 45 degrees in the burner direction.
  • a second aspect of a marine boiler according to the present invention is a marine boiler structure configured such that combustion gas generated by combustion in a burner flows from a furnace through a superheater and an evaporator tube bundle, including a side air port that supplies part of the combustion air as side air from an upper portion of the furnace, wherein the side air port is positioned closer to the superheater relative to a burner center line, and an ejecting direction of the side air is set within the range inclined toward both the superheater and the burner, with reference to the vertically downward direction.
  • the side air port that supplies part of the combustion air as the side air from the upper portion of the furnace is provided; the side air port is located closer to the superheater relative to the burner center line; and the ejecting direction of the side air is set, with reference to the vertically downward direction, within the range inclined toward both the superheater and the burners, it is possible to change a combustion zone and a flow pattern of the combustion gas in the furnace with the flow of the side air. That is, because the combustion zone in the furnace is adjustable with the flow direction of the side air, for example, when the combustion zone is moved in a direction away from the superheater, flames also move away from the superheater, thus changing the flow pattern of the combustion gas.
  • the combustion air used as the side air be about 30 % or less of the total amount of air.
  • the ejecting direction of the side air ports be set within a range of about 30 degrees each in the superheater direction and the burner direction (-30 degrees to +30 degrees) centered around a vertically downward direction (0 degree).
  • the side air ports of the present invention be arranged in the same blast box as the burners.
  • three possible cases are 1) to arrange them directly adjacent to the burners in the same number as the number of burners; 2) to arrange them between the burners in a number one less than the number of burners; or 3) to arrange them adjacent to the burners by providing slits in a continuous port; and, for the side air, it is desirable to ensure a high flow rate of about 20 to 60 m/s.
  • the flow pattern of the combustion gas concentrated at a bottom portion of the furnace can be changed with the influence of bottom air and side air.
  • the combustion gas temperature at a superheater inlet is made uniform and the conventional temperature imbalance can be eliminated or reduced, it is possible to provide a marine boiler structure in which non-uniform corrosion progression concentrated at a lower portion of the superheater is remedied.
  • the use of the bottom air realizes two-stage injection of the combustion air, and because the injection of the side air makes the degree of spreading of the combustion air adjustable, a marine boiler structure in which the level of NOx contained in the combustion gas is reduced is realized.
  • a marine boiler structure according to the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.
  • a marine boiler 1A shown in Fig. 1 one or a plurality of burners 3 are installed in a blast box 3a at an upper portion of a furnace 2.
  • the burners 3 combust fuel supplied using combustion air and supply generated combustion gas to a downstream heat exchanger.
  • the combustion gas generated in the burners 3 passes through a heat exchanger disposed downstream of the furnace 2 where it performs heat exchange.
  • a front bank tube 4, a superheater 5, and an evaporator tube bundle (rear bank tube) 6 are arranged in the heat exchanger in that order, and the combustion gas is heated through heat exchange with fluid, such as water, etc., that is flowing through individual tubes of the heat exchanger.
  • fluid such as water, etc.
  • the combustion gas passes through an outlet side gas duct 7 and is ejected to the exterior of the marine boiler 1 from a gas outlet 8.
  • reference sign 9 is a fluid drum
  • 10 is a vapor drum
  • 11 and 12 are headers.
  • bottom air ports 20 that supply part of combustion air as bottom air from a furnace bottom portion 2a of a furnace 2 are provided in a marine boiler 1A which is configured so that combustion gas generated by combustion in burners 3 flows from the furnace 2, passing through a superheater 5 and an evaporator tube bundle 6.
  • the bottom air ports 20 are located closer to the superheater 5 relative to center lines CL of the burners 3, and in addition, an ejecting direction of the bottom air jetted from the bottom air ports 20 is set within an angular range 81 inclined in the direction of the burners 3 from a vertically upward direction.
  • the above-described bottom air ports 20 are connected to bottom air ducts 21 formed in the exterior of the furnace 2, and the combustion air is supplied through these ducts.
  • the bottom air ports 20 are provided, for example as shown in Fig. 2A , in the same number as the number of burners 3, thereby setting the flow rate at which the bottom air is jetted high. That is, the bottom air ports 20 are arranged in positions directly adjacent to the burners 3 in plan view so that part of the combustion air used as the bottom air is injected while maintaining its flow rate at a high flow rate at or above a predetermined value. In consideration of good combustion, etc. in the furnace 2, it is preferable that the amount of the bottom air usable here be about 30 % or less of all combustion air.
  • the flow pattern of the combustion gas in the furnace 2 can be changed with the flow of bottom air. That is, as shown by a solid-line arrow G1 in the figure, the flow of combustion gas heading toward the superheater 5 from the furnace bottom portion 2a is initially pushed in the opposite direction from the superheater 5 due to the flow of bottom air flowing upward. Because of this, with the flow toward the furnace bottom portion 2a side partially prevented, the combustion gas flows spiraling upward in the furnace 2; therefore, a flow that is conventionally concentrated at the furnace bottom portion 2a side is eliminated, and the combustion gas flows substantially uniformly toward the superheater 5.
  • the combustion gas temperature at the inlet of the superheater 5 is made uniform as described above, the conventional temperature imbalance can be eliminated or reduced. Therefore, it is possible to remedy the non-uniform corrosion progression concentrated at the lower portion of the superheater 5 and to improve durability and reliability.
  • the use of the bottom air described above means that the combustion air for the burners 3 is injected in two stages, it also becomes possible to reduce the level of NOx contained in the combustion gas.
  • the number of bottom air ports 20 is set equal to the number of burners 3 in the above-described embodiment, ports equal to or greater in number than the number of the burners may be provided in order to ensure a high flow rate of the bottom air to be injected.
  • continuous slit-like bottom air ports 20A in which partitions are appropriately inserted may be used.
  • a marine boiler 1B is provided with side air ports 30 that supply part of the combustion air as side air from the upper portion of the furnace 2.
  • the side air ports 30 are provided in the same blast box 3a as the burners 3.
  • the side air ports 30 described above are arranged closer to the superheater 5 relative to the burner center line CL, and the ejecting direction of the side air is adjustably set within an angular range ⁇ 2 that inclines toward both the superheater 5 and the burners 3, with reference to the vertically downward direction. That is, it is preferable that ⁇ 2 in this case be set to about 30 degrees, and therefore, it is desirable to provide an adjusting mechanism with which the side air ports 30 are tiltable within an angular range of ⁇ 30 degrees in the ejecting directions.
  • the number of side air ports 30 provided in the same blast box 3a as the burners 3, for example, as shown in Fig. 4A is the same as the number of burners 3.
  • This is to set the jetted flow rate high for the side air that uses part of the combustion air. That is, in the example shown in the figure, the side air ports 30 are arranged in positions directly adjacent to each burner 3 so that the side air is injected while maintaining the flow rate at a high flow rate at or above a predetermined value. In consideration of good combustion, etc. in the furnace 2, it is preferable that the amount of the bottom air usable here be about 30 % or less of all combustion air.
  • the flow pattern of the combustion gas can be changed as shown by arrow G2 in the figure. That is, because the flow of the combustion gas initially forms a flow directed in a direction away from the superheater 5 due to the influence of the side air, the conventional flow concentrated at the furnace bottom portion 2a is remedied, thereby being changed so as to substantially uniformly flow over the entire surface of the superheater 5. In other words, it is possible to reduce the temperature imbalance generated at the inlet of the superheater 5 by altering the flow pattern of the combustion gas with the injection of the above-described the side air.
  • the flames can be prevented from inclining toward the superheater 5 in the furnace 2 of the compact marine boiler 1B.
  • the degree of spreading of the combustion air can be adjusted by injecting the side air from the side air ports 30 described above, it also becomes possible to reduce NOx in the combustion gas.
  • the injection of the side air described above can form, at the tube side of the superheater 5, an air curtain with the side air at the upper portion thereof.
  • the formation of the air curtain as described above can reduce a bypass flow of the combustion gas that flows so as to pass through the upper portion of the superheater 5. That is, because the amount of combustion gas that performs heat exchange by passing through the superheater 5 increases, it is also effective for improving the efficiency of the marine boiler 1B.
  • a number equal to the number of burners 3 is arranged directly adjacent thereto; however, the number and the arrangement are not limited thereto.
  • the number of side air ports 30 is one less than the number of burners 3, and the side air ports 3 are each arranged between the adjacent burners 3 and 3.
  • the configuration is such that a continuous side air port 30A is sectioned by appropriately providing slits 31 and is arranged adjacent to the burners 3. In these modifications, a high flow rate of about 20 to 60 m/s is also ensured in the jetted side air.
  • the flow pattern of the combustion gas concentrated at the furnace bottom portion 2a can be changed in a controlled manner with the influence of the bottom air or the side air.
  • the conventional temperature imbalance is eliminated or reduced, promoting a uniform of the combustion gas temperature, and therefore, non-uniformity in the marine boiler structure is remedied with respect to the progression of tube corrosion concentrated at the lower portion of the superheater 5.
  • the combustion air is injected in two stages with the use of the bottom air, and because the injection of the side air makes the degree of spreading of the combustion air adjustable, in both cases, the marine boiler structure has a reduced level of NOx in the combustion gas.
  • the marine boiler structure of the present invention it is possible to reduce the imbalance occurring in the inlet temperature of the superheater 5 by controlling the combustion state of the flames and the gas flow pattern through changing the injection methods of the combustion air, and to reduce NOx by injecting the combustion air in stages.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and appropriate alterations are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention; for example, it is also applicable to a marine reheat boiler provided with reheat burners and a reheat furnaces downstream of an evaporator tube bundle 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
EP08778085.4A 2007-12-17 2008-07-11 Structure de chaudière pour navire Withdrawn EP2224166A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007324692A JP5022204B2 (ja) 2007-12-17 2007-12-17 舶用ボイラ構造
PCT/JP2008/062570 WO2009078191A1 (fr) 2007-12-17 2008-07-11 Structure de chaudière pour navire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2224166A1 true EP2224166A1 (fr) 2010-09-01
EP2224166A4 EP2224166A4 (fr) 2014-05-14

Family

ID=40795310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08778085.4A Withdrawn EP2224166A4 (fr) 2007-12-17 2008-07-11 Structure de chaudière pour navire

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20100251945A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2224166A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP5022204B2 (fr)
KR (2) KR20100087365A (fr)
CN (1) CN101883951B (fr)
WO (1) WO2009078191A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3591291A4 (fr) * 2017-02-28 2020-02-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Chaudière, navire doté de chaudière, et procédé de production de gaz inerte

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5010425B2 (ja) * 2007-10-17 2012-08-29 三菱重工業株式会社 再熱ボイラ及び再熱ボイラのガス温度制御方法
JP5364534B2 (ja) * 2009-10-28 2013-12-11 三菱重工業株式会社 舶用ボイラ構造
JP5374344B2 (ja) * 2009-12-07 2013-12-25 三菱重工業株式会社 舶用ボイラ構造
JP6549047B2 (ja) * 2016-02-02 2019-07-24 三菱重工業株式会社 ボイラ
JP7292898B2 (ja) * 2019-02-22 2023-06-19 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 ボイラ

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US3171390A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-03-02 Riley Stoker Corp Steam generating unit
JP2002195504A (ja) * 2000-12-26 2002-07-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ボイラ装置

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US3171390A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-03-02 Riley Stoker Corp Steam generating unit
JP2002195504A (ja) * 2000-12-26 2002-07-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ボイラ装置

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See also references of WO2009078191A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3591291A4 (fr) * 2017-02-28 2020-02-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Chaudière, navire doté de chaudière, et procédé de production de gaz inerte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20100087365A (ko) 2010-08-04
JP2009145013A (ja) 2009-07-02
KR20130099249A (ko) 2013-09-05
US20100251945A1 (en) 2010-10-07
JP5022204B2 (ja) 2012-09-12
WO2009078191A1 (fr) 2009-06-25
KR101331645B1 (ko) 2013-11-20
CN101883951B (zh) 2014-04-23
CN101883951A (zh) 2010-11-10
EP2224166A4 (fr) 2014-05-14

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