Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
  • A01N3/04—Grafting-wax
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
  • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
  • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof

Definitions

• compositions as wound closure agents are provided.
• the present invention relates to compositions in liquid, in particular sprayable form, which are suitable as wound closure agents for woody plants.
• the invention also relates to a method for protecting woody plants from infection by phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from ESCA infection using such wound closure agents.
• Wood plants are exposed not only to the weather, but also to attack by pests. These include bacteria, yeasts, viruses, but especially insects and harmful fungi. These use the wood surface of wood or wounds in the wood part of wood plants protected by no bark or bark to penetrate. The wood is damaged. Therefore, sufficient protection of surfaces and pores and wounds in the wood of plants is required.
• woody worms are generally air-tight and watertight with the aid of e.g. Tree wax closed.
• this formulation contains a conazole fungicide such as cyproconazole in an oily matrix together with a thixotropic (shear-donor) adjuvant, which is preferably a thickener.
• a conazole fungicide such as cyproconazole in an oily matrix
• a thixotropic (shear-donor) adjuvant which is preferably a thickener.
• WO 87/00399 and WO 87/00400 describe wound closure agents for woody plants containing a fungicidal active ingredient, a resin and a product obtained by reacting alkyl methacrylates in the presence of inhibitors.
• these agents are not safe for health. Also during storage the wear of the inhibitor and spontaneous polymerization may occur, resulting in the uselessness of the agent.
• WO 2006/100259 describes the use of aqueous compositions which contain a condensation-crosslinkable silicone oil, optionally a crosslinking agent and optionally a crop protection active ingredient. Due to the polymerisability of the silicones, the storage stability is limited.
• Esca comprises a complex of fungal pathogens.
• the pathogens associated with Esca symptoms according to the literature are Fomiporia punctata (syn. Phellinus punctatus), Fomitiporia mediterrana, Phaeoacremonium spp .: Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaemoniella chlamydosporum.
• Fomitiporia mediterrana white rot fungus
• the colonization of the vines by the pathogens takes place via injuries, in particular over cuts, which are sensitive to infections for several months.
• the fürseuchung of the wood body takes several years to first symptoms become visible. The wood is destroyed and the tracks are destroyed.
• liquid, in particular sprayable compositions which comprise a) a water-insoluble sealing material in dissolved or dispersed form, which is chosen from film-forming water-insoluble polymers, waxes and mixtures thereof; b) at least one plant protection agent, which is preferably selected from the group of strobilurins and the group of inhibitors of demethylation of sterol biosynthesis (DMI fungicides), in particular at least one active substance from the group of strobilurins and especially pyraclostrobin, c) at least one volatile diluent, in particular an aqueous diluent, and d) at least one nonionic surfactant in an amount of 10 to 100 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 80 wt .-%, based on the closure material containing.
• a water-insoluble sealing material in dissolved or dispersed form, which is chosen from film-forming water-insoluble polymers, waxes and mixtures thereof
• plant protection agent which is preferably selected from
• a first subject of the invention therefore relates to such liquid, in particular sprayable compositions.
• the invention is the use of such liquid, in particular sprayable, compositions as closure agents for wound sites in woody plants.
• compositions are characterized by easy applicability and can also be used, if appropriate after dilution to a sprayable consistency, in automated spraying processes and can be applied over a large area. They are characterized by a good adhesion of the closure material on wooden surfaces, especially on wound surfaces of wood plants.
• the compositions of the invention are characterized by an increased penetration of the sealing material and / or the active ingredient in the wood material in the wound area and thus allow a particularly durable and efficient protection against infection or infestation of the plant with plant pathogens (protective treatment), if the compositions contain a fungicidal active ingredient they are in particular for Protection of woody plants from infection with phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from Esca infection.
• the compositions according to the invention are also particularly suitable for the protective treatment of diseases caused by pathogens on woody plants, in particular diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi (curative treatment), and especially for the treatment of Esca in wine ,
• the compositions are storage stable and usually contain no polymerizable constituents such as monomers.
• the compositions according to the invention have a good freeze-thaw stability.
• Another object of the invention is accordingly a method for protecting woody plants from infection or infestation with plant pathogens, in particular against infection with phytopathogenic fungi and especially an Esca infection in grapevines, comprising applying the liquid composition according to the invention, optionally after dilution the liquid composition with water to a sprayable consistency, on wound sites in woody plants, especially on wound sites in grapevines.
• a further subject matter of the invention is accordingly a process for the treatment of woody plants which are infected or infested with plant pathogens, in particular with phytopathogenic fungi, and in particular for the treatment of an Esca infection, comprising the application of the liquid composition according to the invention, if appropriate Dilution of the liquid composition with water to a sprayable consistency, to wound sites in woody plants, especially to wound sites in grapevines.
• sprayable means that the composition at ambient temperature (eg at 20 0 C) is low viscosity (low viscosity) and can be applied with spray devices.
• the dynamic viscosity of a sprayable composition supply is at 20 0 C a value of 500 mPa.s (determined according to Brookfield in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1652) and frequently do not exceed a value in the range of 1 to 500 mPa.s, preferably in the range of 1, 5 to 400 mPa.s and in particular in the range of 2 to 300 mPa.s.
• the dynamic viscosity of a sprayable composition at 10 0 C, a value of 500 mPa.s does not exceed and often a value in the range of 1 to 500 mPa.s, preferably in the range of 1 , 5 to 400 mPa.s and in particular in the range of 2 to 300 mPa.s.
• the dy- Namely viscosity of a sprayable composition at 4 ° C a value of 500 mPa.s (determined according to Brookfield according to DIN EN ISO 1652) not exceed and often a value in the range of 1 to 500 mPa.s, preferably in the range of 1, 5 bis 400 mPa.s and in particular in the range of 2 to 300 mPa.s.
• the term "flowable” or “liquid” means that the composition at ambient temperature (eg 20 0 C) is liquid (low or medium viscosity).
• the dynamic viscosity of a liquid composition at 20 0 C will have a value of 2000 mPa.s (determined according to Brookfield in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1652 at 20 ° C) does not exceed, and often a value in the range from 2 to 2000 mPa .s.
• the flowable composition according to the invention is low-viscosity, ie it has a viscosity in the range from 1 to 500 mPa.s.
• the flowable composition according to the invention is of medium viscosity, that is, has a viscosity in the range from 500 to 2000 mPa. s on.
• the minimum film-forming temperature is that temperature below which a composition does not form a continuous (coherent) film upon drying.
• the MFT is determined according to DIN ISO 21 15. Accordingly, the MFT of the compositions, determined according to DIN ISO 21 15, preferably not more than 30 0 C, in particular not more than 20 ° C, more preferably not more than 10 0 C and especially not more than 5 ° C.
• the minimum film-forming temperature depends in a manner known per se on the melting point or on the glass transition temperature of the polymeric or wax-like sealing material and, if necessary, by adding plasticizing substances, for example low-volatility non-polar organic solvents having a boiling point above 200 ° C., eg high-boiling carbon monoxide. hydrogen fractions, di-C2-Ci4-alkyl esters of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids, nonionic emulsifiers can be adjusted.
• the closure material does not comprise any polymerizable substances such as ethylenically unsaturated monomers or crosslinkable silicone oligomers.
• the compositions are substantially free of polymerizable substances such as ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Based on their total weight, the compositions preferably contain not more than 0.1% by weight, in particular not more than 0.01% by weight, of polymerizable substances, such as monomers. In one embodiment, the compositions do not contain a crosslinking inhibitor.
• compositions contain no or less than 5% by weight, especially less than 1% by weight, of water-insoluble inorganic solids such as fillers such as silica, silicates, aluminas, aluminosilicates, calcium carbonate, barite, titanium dioxide and the like.
• water-insoluble inorganic solids such as fillers such as silica, silicates, aluminas, aluminosilicates, calcium carbonate, barite, titanium dioxide and the like.
• the constituents a), b), c) and d) preferably comprise at least 95% by weight, in particular at least 99% by weight or at least 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the wound closure is effected by the water-insoluble sealing material contained in the composition.
• the water-insoluble sealing material is present in dissolved or dispersed form, depending on the solvent or diluent c) chosen.
• water-insoluble means that the closure material has no appreciable solubility in water, that is, the solubility in deionized water at pH 3-12 and 20 0 C is less than 0.1 g / l, especially less than 10 ppm.
• compositions in which the sealing material is in dispersed form are preferred according to the invention.
• the dispersed particles of the sealing material have particle sizes of not more than 2 ⁇ m, in particular not more than 1 ⁇ m and especially not more than 500 nm, and are e.g. in the range of 10 nm to 1000 nm, in particular in the range of 20 to 500 nm and especially in the range of 50 to 250 nm.
• the particle sizes given here are weight-average particle sizes, as can be determined by dynamic light scattering. Methods for this are familiar to the person skilled in the art, for example from H. Wiese in D.
• Suitable sealing materials according to the invention are polymers and waxes and mixtures thereof.
• the closure material is a polymer
• the polymer will preferably be uncrosslinked or slightly crosslinked. If the polymers have a glass transition temperature, it is preferably below 50 ° C. and in particular below 30 ° C. (determined by means of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) according to DIN 53765 or ASTM D 3418 or DIN EN ISO 1 1357-2).
• polymers suitable as sealing materials according to the invention are polyesters, in particular aliphatic and aralipahtic polyesters, polyurethanes, and preferably polymers having a main chain made up of carbon atoms, in particular acrylate polymers such as styrene acrylates and pure acrylates, polyvinyl acetates, which are explained in more detail below, and waxy ones Polymers and their mixtures.
• polyesters condensation products of alkanediols and / or polyetherdiols with aliphatic and / or aromatic dicarboxylic acids, optionally in the presence of trihydric or polyhydric (e.g., 4-, 5- or 6-hydric) alcohols or polycarboxylic acids, e.g. a obtained by condensation of C2-C6-alkanediols and / or di-C2-C4-alkylene glycols with terephthalic acid and / or adipic acid polymer.
• trihydric or polyhydric e.g., 4-, 5- or 6-hydric
• alcohols or polycarboxylic acids e.g. a obtained by condensation of C2-C6-alkanediols and / or di-C2-C4-alkylene glycols with terephthalic acid and / or adipic acid polymer.
• the closure means a) comprises at least one polyurethane.
• Suitable polyurethanes are the reaction products of di- or polyisocyanates with di- or polyfunctional compounds which have at least 2 isocyanate-reactive groups, in particular at least 2 hydroxyl groups.
• Suitable diisocyanates are those of the formula X (NCO) 2, wherein X is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 15 carbon atoms or an araliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 15 carbon atoms.
• diisocyanates examples include tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,5,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (IPDI), 2,2-bis (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) - propane, trimethylhexane diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, p-xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), the Isomers of bis (4-iso
• IPDI tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate
• TXDI tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate
• HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
• HMDI bis (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane
• isocyanates for example the mixtures of the respective structural isomers of diisocyanatotoluene and diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, for example a mixture of 80 mol% of 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene and 20 mol% of 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene
• aromatic isocyanates such as 2, 4-diisocyanatotoluene and / or 2, 6-diisocyanatotoluene with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or IPDI.
• polyisocyanates are the biurets and cyanurates of the abovementioned diisocyanates and also oligomeric products of these diisocyanates which, in addition to the free isocyanate groups, carry further blocked isocyanate groups, for example isocyanurate, biuret, urea, allophanate, uretdione or carbodiimide groups.
• Compounds with at least 2 hydroxyl groups are low molecular weight di- or polyols as well as polymeric polyols such as polyester diols, polycarbonate diols, polyacrylate polyols and polyether diols and mixtures thereof.
• suitable di- or polyols are primarily relatively high molecular weight diols which have a molecular weight of about 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably about 1000 to 3000 g / mol.
• the polyurethane is at least 40 wt .-%, more preferably at least 60 wt .-% and most preferably at least 80 wt .-% of diisocyanates, polyether diols, polycarbonate diols and / or polyester diols constructed.
• the polyurethane contains polyester diols in an amount of more than
• polyester diols are used as constituent components. If polyester diols are used in admixture with polyether diols, it is preferably at least 50 mol%, more preferably at least 80 mol%, very particularly preferably 100 mol% of the mixture of polyester and polyether diols to polyester diols.
• the polyurethanes preferably contain, in copolymerized form, compounds which carry at least one isocyanate group or at least one isocyanate-reactive group and moreover at least one hydrophilic group or a group which can be converted into a hydrophilic group.
• the (potentially) hydrophilic groups can be nonionic groups such as polyethylene oxide groups, or preferably (potentially) ionic hydrophilic groups, e.g. Sulfonate groups or carboxylate groups act.
• polyester polyols examples include the polyester polyols known, for example, from Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th Edition, Volume 19, pages 62 to 65. Preference is given to using polyesterpolyols which are obtained by reacting dihydric alcohols with dibasic carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof to prepare the polyesterpolyols.
• the polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, substituted and / or unsaturated. Examples which may be mentioned are: suberic acid, azelaic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, alkenylsuccinic acid, fumaric acid, dimer fatty acids.
• dicarboxylic acids of the general formula HOOC- (CH 2) y -COOH, where y is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20, for example succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedicarboxylic acid.
• diols are e.g. Ethylene glycol, propane-1, 2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, butene-1, 4-diol, butyne-1,4-diol, Pentan-1, 5-diol, neopentyl glycol, bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexanes such as 1, 4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2-methylpropane-1, 3-diol, methylpentanediols, furthermore diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol , Dipropylene glycol,
• Alcohols of the general formula HO- (CH 2) x -OH, where x is a number from 2 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 12, are preferred.
• examples of these are ethylene glycol, butane-1, 4-diol, hexane-1, 6-diol, octane-1, 8-diol and dodecane-1, 12-diol.
• Further preferred are neopentyl glycol and pentane-1, 5-diol. These diols can also be used as diols directly for the synthesis of the polyurethanes.
• lactone-based polyesterdiols which are homopolymers or copolymers of lactones, preferably hydroxyl-terminated addition products of lactones to suitable difunctional starter molecules.
• Suitable lactones are preferably those which are derived from compounds of the general formula HO- (CH 2) ⁇ -COOH, where z is a number from 1 to 20 and an H atom of a methylene unit by a C 1 to C 4 alkyl radical may be substituted. Examples are ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone and / or methyl- ⁇ -caprolactone and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable starter components are e.g.
• polyesterpolyols the low molecular weight dihydric alcohols mentioned above as the synthesis component for the polyesterpolyols.
• the corresponding polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone are particularly preferred.
• Lower polyester diols or polyether diols can also be used as starters for the preparation of the lactone polymers.
• the polymers of lactones it is also possible to use the corresponding, chemically equivalent polycondensates of the hydroxycarboxylic acids corresponding to the lactones.
• polycarbonate diols as can be obtained, for example, by reacting phosgene with an excess of the low molecular weight alcohols mentioned as synthesis components for the polyesterpolyols.
• Polyether diols are also suitable for the preparation of the polyurethanes.
• polyether diols obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with themselves, for example in the presence of BF 3 or by addition of these compounds, optionally in admixture or successively, to starting components having reactive hydrogen atoms , such as alcohols or amines, for example water, ethylene glycol, propane-1, 2-diol, propane-1, 3-diol, 1, 1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane or aniline are available.
• polytetrahydrofuran having a molecular weight of 240 to 5000 g / mol, and especially 500 to 4500 g / mol.
• polyether diols it is also possible to use mixtures of polyester diols and polyether diols as monomers.
• polyhydroxypolyolefins and comparative polyhydroxy polymers based on monoethylenically unsaturated monomers are also suitable, preferably those having 2 terminal hydroxyl groups, e.g. ⁇ - ⁇ -dihydroxy-polybutadiene, ⁇ - ⁇ -Dihydroxypolymethacrylester or ⁇ - ⁇ -Dihydroxypolyacrylester.
• Such compounds are known, for example, from EP-A 622 378.
• Further suitable polyols are polyacetals, polysiloxanes and alkyd resins.
• the hardness and the modulus of elasticity of the polyurethanes can be increased if low molecular weight diols having a molecular weight of about 60 to 500 g / mol, preferably of 62 to 200 g / mol, are also used as diols in addition to the above-mentioned higher molecular weight diols.
• the low molecular weight diols used are in particular the synthesis components of the short-chain alkanediols mentioned for the preparation of polyesterpolyols, the unbranched diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an even number of carbon atoms and pentane-1, 5-diol and neopentyl glycol to be favoured.
• phenols or bisphenol A or F are suitable as diols.
• Suitable monomers are furthermore amino-functional polyfunctional compounds such as hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, isophoronediamine, 1,4-cyclohexyldiamine, N- (2-aminoethyl) -ethanolamine or piperazine.
• amino-functional polyfunctional compounds such as hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, isophoronediamine, 1,4-cyclohexyldiamine, N- (2-aminoethyl) -ethanolamine or piperazine.
• the polyurethane has a melting point greater than 30 0 C, in particular greater than 40 0 C, more preferably greater than 50 0 C or greater than 60 or greater 70 0 C;
• the melting point is not greater than 150 0 C, in particular not greater than 100 0 C.
• the melting point is therefore in particular in a range of 30 to 150 0 C, more preferably from 40 to 150, and most preferably from 30 to 100 0 C and in particular from 50 to 80 0 C.
• the polyurethane preferably has a melting enthalpy of more than 20 J / g. The melting point and the enthalpy of fusion are measured by means of DSC.
• the measurement of Melting point is typically carried out on polyurethane films of a thickness of 200 .mu.m, which were dried before the measurement in a circulating air T rocken Eat at 40 0 C for 72 hours.
• To prepare the measurement about 13 mg of the polyurethane are filled in pans. The pans are sealed, the samples heated to 120 0 C, cooled at 20 K / min and annealed at 20 0 C for 20 hours.
• the samples thus prepared are measured according to the DSC method according to DIN 53765, the sample being heated at 20 K / min.
• the melting point temperature is evaluated according to DIN 53765, the enthalpy of fusion is determined as in FIG. 4 of DIN 53765.
• the closure material is a water-insoluble acrylate polymer, in particular a weakly crosslinked acrylic polymer (acrylate rubber).
• Acrylate polymers are understood as meaning homopolymers and copolymers of esters of acrylic acid, if appropriate with vinylaromatic monomers (styrene acrylates) or with esters of methacrylic acid (pure acrylates) as comonomers.
• Such acrylate polymers are well known to those skilled in the art, e.g. from Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed. on CD-ROM, Wiley-VCH 1997, Polyacrylates (Erich Penel) and commercially available e.g.
• Acronal® BASF Aktiengesellschaft sold as solutions or aqueous dispersions under the trade names Acronal® BASF Aktiengesellschaft, for example, the products sold under the brands Acronal® 290 D, Acronal® A 603, Acronal® S 725 and Acronal® S 260.
• the acrylate monomers usually contain as main monomers C1-C20-alkyl (meth) acrylates or a mixture of C 1 -C 20 -alkyl (meth) acrylates with vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms, vinylaromatics having up to 20C -Atomen, monoethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, vinyl ethers of alcohols containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, mono- or conjugated diethylenically unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two double bonds or mixtures of these monomers.
• the main monomers usually constitute at least 80% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight of the monomers constituting the acrylate polymer.
• alkyl (meth) acrylate and “(meth) acrylic ester include both the (alkyl) esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.”
• Alkyl (meth) acrylates include, for example, (meth) acrylates with a Cio-alkyl radical, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-propylheptyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, 2-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate , Hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and 2-propylheptyl methacrylate, in particular mixtures of (meth) acrylic acid alky
• Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are vinyltoluene, ⁇ - and p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene and preferably styrene.
• Examples of monoethylenically unsaturated nitriles are acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
• vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are vinyl laurate, stearate, vinyl propionate, vinyl versatate and in particular vinyl acetate.
• the vinyl halides are chloro, fluoro or bromo substituted ethylenically unsaturated compounds, preferably vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.
• vinyl ethers are, for. As vinyl methyl ether or vinyl isobutyl ether. Preferred are vinyl ethers of alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene are mentioned as aliphatic hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two olefinic double bonds.
• Preferred main monomers are C 1 -C 10 -alkyl (meth) acrylates (pure acrylates) and mixtures of C 1 -C 10 -alkyl (meth) acrylates with vinylaromatics, in particular styrene (styrene acrylates).
• the acrylate polymer may contain further monomers in copolymerized form.
• monoethylenically unsaturated monomers having at least one acid group such as carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid groups and the salts of these monomers, in particular the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts.
• acid group such as carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid groups
• salts of these monomers in particular the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts.
• acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid and aconitic acid for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid and aconitic acid.
• the content of hydrophilic acidic monomers in the polyacrylate is generally not more than 10% by weight.
• the amount of hydrophilic acidic monomers is, if desired, usually in the range of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the monomers copolymerized in the polyacrylate.
• Other monomers are z.
• neutral monoethylenically unsaturated monomers having an increased water solubility (neutral hydrophilic monomers) of generally at least 80 g / l (at 25 ° C), for example hydroxyl-containing monomers, in particular C 2 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, esters of (Meth) acrylic acid with poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkylene glycols, monoethylenically unsaturated amides such as (meth) acrylamide and monoethylenically unsaturated monomers having a urea group or an imidazolinone group such as N-vinylurea or N- (methacryloxy) ethylimidzolin-2-one.
• neutral hydrophilic monomers generally at least 80 g / l (at 25 ° C)
• hydroxyl-containing monomers in particular C 2 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates
• the content of neutral hydrophilic monomers in the polyacrylate is generally not more than 10 wt .-%. If desired, the amount of neutral hydrophilic monomers is usually in the range from 0.1 to 10% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers copolymerized in the polyacrylate ,
• Further monomers are in particular compounds which have at least two non-conjugated free-radically polymerizable double bonds, preferably 2 to 6, particularly preferably 2 to 4, very particularly preferably 2 to 3 and in particular 2. Such compounds are also referred to as crosslinking monomers.
• the amount of crosslinking monomer is, if desired, usually in the range of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total amount of monomers polymerized in the polyacrylate.
• crosslinking monomers examples include (meth) acrylic, vinyl ether, vinyl ester, allyl ether and allyl ester groups.
• crosslinking monomers are 1,2-ethanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3-propanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,2-propanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6.
• Preferred sealing materials are polyacrylates which are synthesized from vinylaromatics, alkyl (meth) acrylates, optionally further hydrophilic monomers, such as, for example, (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide and (meth) acrylic acid and optionally crosslinker monomers.
• such preferred polyacrylate latexes in polymerized form contain from 20 to 50% by weight of styrene, from 30 to 80% by weight.
• Alkyl (meth) acrylates 0 to 20 wt .-% further hydrophilic monomers, such as (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide and (meth) acrylic acid and 0 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 10 wt. % Crosslinking monomers, the weight percentages being based on the total weight of monomers constituting the polyacrylate.
• hydrophilic monomers such as (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide and (meth) acrylic acid and 0 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 10 wt. % Crosslinking monomers, the weight percentages being based on the total weight of monomers constituting the polyacrylate.
• Preferred sealing materials are furthermore polyacrylates which are composed of alkyl (meth) acrylates, optionally further hydrophilic monomers, such as, for example, (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide and (meth) acrylic acid and optionally crosslinking monomers.
• such preferred polyacrylate latexes in copolymerized form contain from 20 to 50% by weight of alkyl methacrylates, from 30 to 80% by weight of alkyl acrylates, from 0 to 20% by weight of further hydrophilic monomers, for example (meth) acrylonitrile, (Meth ) acrylamide and (meth) acrylic acid and 0 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 10 wt .-% of crosslinking monomers, wherein the information in weight percent based on the total weight of the polyacrylate constituent monomers.
• hydrophilic monomers for example (meth) acrylonitrile, (Meth ) acrylamide and (meth) acrylic acid and 0 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 10 wt .-% of crosslinking monomers, wherein the information in weight percent based on the total weight of the polyacrylate constituent monomers.
• the preparation of the polyacrylates is generally carried out by emulsion polymerization, the polyacrylate is then present as an aqueous polymer dispersion (latex).
• aqueous polymer dispersions by the process of free-radical emulsion polymerization is known per se (compare Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV, Makromolekulare substances, loc cit, pages 133ff).
• the sealing material is a polyacrylate which is an acrylate rubber, i. a weakly crosslinked polyacrylate.
• acrylate rubbers The preparation of such acrylate rubbers is known to those skilled in the art and is e.g. described in EP0099532 as a graft base.
• such preferred polyacrylate rubbers in polymerized form contain 80 to 100% by weight of alkyl acrylates, 0 to 20% by weight of alkyl methacrylates, 0 to 20% by weight of hydrophilic monomers such as (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide and
• the sealing material is a polyalkyl acrylate, e.g. a polybutyl acrylate, especially a crosslinked polyalkyl acrylate, e.g. a crosslinked polybutyl acrylate, i. a polyacrylate made from at least one alkyl acrylate, e.g. n-butyl acrylate and a crosslinking monomer is constructed.
• alkyl in combination with alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 and in particular 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Suitable sealing materials are furthermore homopolymers or copolymers which are composed of conjugated diethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons (hydrocarbons having 2 conjugated double bonds), in particular butadiene, or mixtures of such hydrocarbons with vinylaromatics, in particular styrene as the main monomer (also referred to as polybutadiene latex) and if appropriate, the abovementioned hydrophilic comonomers are built up. With regard to the proportions of main monomers to hydrophilic comonomers, the statements made above apply analogously.
• the closure material is a wax or a waxy polymer.
• it is a wax or waxy polymer containing polar functional groups, e.g. For example, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, aldehyde groups, cocoa groups, polyether groups or the like, which support the dispersion of the wax component.
• the wax or waxy polymer has neutralizable carboxyl groups.
• the wax or waxy polymer has an acid number of at least 1 mg KOH / g and in particular in the range of 5 to 250 mg KOH / g, determined according to DIN EN ISO 21 14.
• waxes having a melting point of preferably at least 40 0 C, especially at least 60 0 C and especially at least 75 ° C for example those having a melting point in the range of 40 0 C to 150 0 C, in particular in the range of 60 0 C bis 140 0 C, most preferably in the range of 75 ° C to 135 ° C, determined by the DSC method according to DIN 53765, see also DIN 51007.
• the waxes can be natural waxes or synthetic waxes.
• Examples of natural waxes include beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, bark wax, ouricouri wax, sugarcane wax, montanic acid and esters wax and cork wax.
• synthetic waxes include Fischer-Tropsch waxes, paraffins and waxy polymers such as polyolefin waxes, in particular polyethylene waxes, or ethylene copolymer waxes, as described, for example, by free-radical polymerization of ethylene or free-radical copolymerization of ethylene with (meth) acrylic acid or (meth ) acrylic acid esters or by polymerization with the aid of Ziegler-Natta catalysts or metallocene catalysts, partially oxidized waxes, in particular partially oxidized polyolefin waxes.
• polyisobutylene waxes may be mentioned.
• paraffin mixtures are understood to mean mixtures of hydrocarbons which have 12 or more carbon atoms and a melting point of at least 40 ° C., preferably in the range from 40 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably those having a melting point in the range from 60 0 C to 140 0 C, most preferably those having a melting point in the range of 75 ° C to 135 ° C.
• polyethylene waxes here includes not only homopolymer waxes of ethylene, but also copolymers of polyethylene with a total of up to 20 wt .-% of olefinic comonomers such as propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene , 1-decene or 1-dodecene.
• Suitable sealing materials are in particular polar polyolefin waxes, in particular polar polyethylene waxes.
• the polar polyolefin waxes carry carboxyl groups and generally have an acid number of at least 1 mg KOH / g, preferably at least 5 mg KOH / g and in particular in the range from 1 to 250 mg KOH / g or 5 to 150 mg KOH / g , determined according to DIN EN ISO 21 14.
• the polar polyolefin waxes include the oxidation products of nonpolar polyolefin waxes (so-called oxidate waxes or polyolefin oxidates), eg.
• oxidate waxes or polyolefin oxidates eg.
• oxidants of Fischer-Tropsch waxes and carboxyl groups trende copolymers of olefins, in particular C2-C6 olefins such as ethylene or propene with oxygen-carrying monomers, eg. B.
• monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C ⁇ monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and optionally vinyl esters of aliphatic C2-Cio-carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, esters of monoethylenically unsaturated Cs-C ⁇ monocarboxylic acids with Ci-cis-alkanols or C5-Ci2-cycloalkanols, in particular esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 3-propylheptyl acrylate, cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate and the corresponding est
• the closure material comprises at least one polar wax selected from wax oxidates and carboxyl group-containing copolymers of ethylene.
• the closure material comprises at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the wax constituents contained in the dispersion, of at least one polar wax, in particular a polar polyolefin wax which is preferably selected from wax oxidates, especially polyethylene wax oxidates, and carboxyl group-containing copolymers of ethylene.
• the polar polyolefin wax is selected from partially oxidized polyethylene wax which has an acid number in the abovementioned ranges and which is polar.
• ren carboxyl-bearing olefin copolymers in particular carboxyl-bearing copolymers of ethylene, and their oxidates, wherein the Olefincopmolme- re are essentially composed of:
• Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and / or C4-C6 dicarboxylic acid such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid or a mixture thereof, especially acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or maleic acid;
• iii) 1 to 30 wt .-%, z. B. 2 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 15 wt .-% of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers containing among the esters monoethylenically unsaturated Cs-C ⁇ monocarboxylic acids with Ci-cis-alkanols or C5-Ci2-cycloalkanols, the Diesters monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 -Cs
• Dicarboxylic acids with Ci-Cis-Alkanolen or C5-Ci2-Cycloalkanolen in particular the esters of the acrylic acid or the Methacryl Textre, with Ci-Cis-Alkanolen or C5-Ci2-Cycloalkanolen, as well as under Vinylestern of aliphatic C2-C18-Carbon Acid like vinyl acetate or Vinylpropionat selected are.
• the monomer proportions given here are each based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the polar polyolefin wax. Essentially, it means here that the polymers are composed of at least 95% by weight, in particular at least 99% by weight and especially exclusively of the abovementioned monomers a), b) and, if appropriate, c). A person skilled in the art knows, however, that such polymers may contain, in addition to the monomer components, components of the polymerization catalyst (initiator) in copolymerized form.
• the polar polyolefin waxes have a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 150000 daltons, often in the range of 2000 to 120,000 daltons.
• melt viscosity at 140 0 C in the range of 100 to 10,000 mm 2 / sec (DFG unit method C-IV7 (68) or non-melting waxy polymers characterized by a minimum melt flow index MFI of at least 1 (at 160 0 C and 325 g load according to DIN 53753).
• the polar polyolefin waxes used as sealing materials are typically used in the form of aqueous dispersions, in which the wax particles have the aforementioned average particle sizes.
• the waxes are preferably in at least partially neutralized form, i. at least a portion, preferably at least 60 mol% of the carboxyl groups in the polar polyolefin wax are neutralized with a base.
• the base may also be present in excess of the acid groups in the polar polyolefin wax in the aqueous wax dispersions, e.g. in an excess of up to 100 mol%, preferably up to 50 mol%, based on the amount of base required for the neutralization of all acid groups in the wax dispersion.
• Such wax dispersions usually have a neutral to basic pH, preferably pH values in the range from 6 to 12 and in particular in the range from 7 to 11.5. Accordingly, such contain
• Wax dispersions usually one or more basic substances, for example hydroxides and / or carbonates and / or bicarbonates of alkali metals, or preferably amines such as ammonia and organic amines such as alkylamines, N-alkyl-ethanolamines, alkanolamines and polyamines.
• alkylamines are: triethylamine, diethylamine,
• Ethylamine trimethylamine, dimethylamine, methylamine.
• Preferred amines are monoalkanolamines, N, N-dialkylalkanolamines, N-alkylalkanolamines, dialkanolamines, N- Alkylalkanolamines and trialkanolamines having in each case 2 to 18 C atoms in the hydroxyalkyl radical and optionally in each case 1 to 6 C atoms in the alkyl radical, preferably 2 to 6 C atoms in the alkanol radical and optionally 1 or 2 C atoms in the alkyl radical.
• ethanolamine very particular preference is given to ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, n-butyldiethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol-1.
• ammonia and N, N-dimethylethanolamine.
• polyamines are: ethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine.
• the amount of sealing material in the compositions according to the invention will generally not exceed a value of 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, and is frequently in the range from 1 to 40% by weight, in particular 2 to 35% by weight. % or 5 to 30 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the composition.
• lower concentrations of sealing material are conceivable in sprayable compositions, e.g. in the range of 0.1 to 40 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 0.5 to 30 wt .-% or in the range of 1 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the composition.
• crop protection active ingredient preferably at least one of strobilurins and conazole fungicides, in particular at least one active ingredient selected from strobilurins and especially pyraclostrobin.
• compositions according to the invention comprise the at least one crop protection agent b) in an amount such that the weight ratio of active ingredient to closure material is in the range from 1: 10 6 to 1: 1, frequently in the range from 1: 10 5 to 1: 1 or in the range from 1 : 10 4 to 1: 1, preferably in the range of 100: 1 to 1: 1 and in particular in the range of 1: 80 to 1: 2 and especially in the range of 1: 50 to 1: 5.
• the amount of active ingredient in the compositions according to the invention is preferably chosen such that the weight ratio of active ingredient to sealing material is in the range from 1: 100 to 1: 1 and in particular in the range from 1:80 to 1: 2 and especially in the range from 1:50 to 1: 5 is.
• the concentration of active ingredient in the composition will generally not exceed 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, and is usually in the range of 0.00001 to 20% by weight, often in the range of Range of 0.0001 to 20% by weight or in the range of 0.001 to 20% by weight, or in the range of 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.05 to 20% by weight. , in particular 0.1 to 15 wt .-% or 0.2 to 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the composition.
• NEN of active ingredient conceivable, for example in the range of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 0.02 to 10 wt .-% or in the range of 0.05 to 5 wt .-%.
• crop protection active ingredients are, in particular, those active ingredients which are known to be suitable for the treatment of diseased woody plants or for the protection of the woody plant against a disease which is caused by an infestation with plant pathogens such as insects, bacteria, viruses, yeasts or fungi.
• crop protection agent includes both biostatic or biocidal substances, e.g. bacteriostatic and / or fungistatic substances, as well as substances which interfere with the development of insects (for example juvenile hormones), and in particular bactericides, insecticides and fungicides.
• compositions of the present invention contain at least one crop protection agent selected from bactericides, insecticides, fungicides, and anti-yeast or anti-viral agents.
• crop protection agent selected from bactericides, insecticides, fungicides, and anti-yeast or anti-viral agents.
• the person skilled in the corresponding active ingredients are known. Combinations of the active substances mentioned can also be included.
• compositions according to the invention comprise at least one active ingredient selected from insecticides, fungicides and combinations of insecticides and fungicides.
• the compositions according to the invention comprise at least one active ingredient selected from fungicides or a combination of at least one insecticide with at least one fungicide as plant protection agent b).
• the amount of the at least one fungicidal active ingredient is preferably selected so that the weight ratio of active ingredient to sealing material in the compositions according to the invention in the range of 1: 100 to 1: 1 and especially in the range of 1: 80 to 1: 2 and especially in the range from 1: 50 to 1: 5.
• fungicides suitable as crop protection agents are:
• DMI's Inhibitors of methylation of sterol biosynthesis (DMI's), e.g. Fungicides from the
• azoles in particular conazoles (ie azoles having a triazole ring or an imidazole ring), from the group of piperazines, pyridines and imidazoles such as perfurazoates, triforins, pyrifenox, fenarimol, imazalil, prochloraz and triflumizoel; Carboxamides and carboxylic anilides; nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl compounds; Strobilurins and olefungicides; Carbamates and dithiocarbamates; Methylbenzimidazo Ie; DMI; Guanidines, antibiotics; organometallic compounds; Sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds; Organophosphorus compounds, phosphorous acid and its salts; organochlorine compounds; nitrophenyl; Inorganic agents such as Bordeaux broth, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, cuprous oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; Spiroxamine, Cyflufenamid, Cy
• compositions according to the invention preferably comprise at least one crop protection agent which is suitable for the treatment or protection against wood diseases such as Esca, or for protection against infestation with other harmful fungi or insects and / or for treatment with Esca, other harmful fungi and / or insects.
• fungicides which are active against wood diseases.
• fungicides which are effective against the complex of wood diseases associated with Esca.
• fungicides from the group of strobilurins.
• fungicides from the group of conazole fungicides, especially those having a triazole structure. Such fungicides are effective in the treatment of wood diseases associated with Esca.
• compositions of the invention contain at least two fungicides, preferably two fungicides, at least one selected from the group of strobilurins and at least one other selected from fungicides other than strobilurins, e.g. under DMI fungicides, preferably from the group of conazole fungicides, especially those with a triazole structure.
• the composition according to the invention contains at least one fungicidal active ingredient which intervenes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain at the level of the b / ci complex.
• Agents that inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain at this site are known in the art, especially as fungicides (see, for example, Dechema Monographs Vol. 129, 27-38, VCH Verlagstechnik Weinheim 1993, Natural Product Reports 1993, 565-574, Biochem. Trans. 22, 63S (1993)).
• a particularly important class of drug that interferes with the mitochondrial respiratory chain at the level of the b / ci complex, and preferably may be included as a component in the compositions of the present invention, is strobilurins.
• Strobilurins have been known for a long time as fungicides, but have also been disclosed as insecticides (EP-A 178 826, EP-A 253 213, WO 93/15046, WO 95/18789, WO 95/21 153, WO 95/21154, WO 95/24396; WO 96/01256; WO 97/15552; WO 97/27189).
• Another example of such a respiratory chain inhibitor is famoxadone (5-methyl-5- (4-phenoxyphenyl) -3- (phenylamino) -2,4-oxazolidinedione).
• compositions according to the invention comprise at least one strobilurin, if appropriate in combination with at least one further active ingredient which is suitable for the protection or treatment of Esca diseases in wood plants, in particular in vines.
• compositions according to the invention comprise at least one strobilurin in combination with at least one further active ingredient which is suitable for the protection or treatment of bacterial and / or viral infections in woody plants, in particular in vines.
• compositions according to the invention comprise at least one strobilurin in combination with at least one further active ingredient which is suitable for the protection or treatment of insect infestation in wood plants, in particular in vines.
• Strobilurins are in particular:
• # represents the bond to the phenyl ring
• a -OB, -CH 2 OB, -OCH 2 -B, -CH 2 SB, -CH CH-B, -C ⁇ CB,
• -CH 2 ON C (R 1 ) -B
• -CH 2 SN C (R 1 ) -B
• R a is independently cyano, nitro, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, halogen, Ci -C 6 -alkyl, C-6 haloalkyl, d-Ce-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C 6 alkyl sulfonyl, Ci-C 6 alkylsulfinyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, CrC 6 -HaIo- alkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci-C 6 alkylthio, Ci-C 6 -alkyla
• R b is independently cyano, nitro, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, halogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfinyl, C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl, d-Ce-alkoxy, d-Ce-haloalkoxy, -C 6 alkoxy carbonyl, Ci-C 6 alkylthio, Ci-Ce-alkylamino, di-Ci-Ce-alkylamino, -C 6 - alkylaminocarbonyl, di-Ci-Ce-alkylaminocarbonyl, CrC 6 -Alkylaminothio- carbonyl, di-Ci-Ce-alkyl-aminothiocarbonyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C
• R A , R B are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl
• R kyl 1 is hydrogen, cyano, Ci-C 4 -alkyl, Ci-C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl,
• R 2 is phenyl, phenylcarbonyl, phenylsulfonyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroarylcarbonyl or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-sulfonyl, where the abovementioned cyclic groups are unsubstituted or substituted by one, two or three radicals R a can be substituted,
• Ci-Cio-alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 2 -Cio-alkenyl, C 2 -Cio-alkynyl, C1-C10 alkylcarbonyl, C2-Cio-alkenylcarbonyl, C 3 -Cio-alkynylcarbonyl, C1-C10 - Alkylsulfonyl, or C ( NOR a ) -R b , wherein the hydrocarbon radicals of these groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one, two or three radicals R c :
• R c is independently selected from cyano, nitro, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, halogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CrC 6 -
• Haloalkyl C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 - Alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminothiocarbonyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminothiocarbonyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyloxy,
• R 3 is hydrogen, Ci -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, where the three last-mentioned groups are unsubstituted or one, two or three radicals R c may have;
• compositions according to the invention comprise one or more strobilurins of the formula I as active ingredient b).
• compositions according to the invention comprise at least one strobilurin selected from methyl (2-chloro-5- [1 - (3-methyl-benzyloxyimino) -ethyl] -benzyl) -carbamate, (2-chloro-5- [ Methyl 1 - (6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino) ethyl] benzyl) carbamate and 2- (ortho - ((2,5-dimethylphenyl-oxymethylene) phenyl) -3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester.
• strobilurin selected from methyl (2-chloro-5- [1 - (3-methyl-benzyloxyimino) -ethyl] -benzyl) -carbamate, (2-chloro-5- [ Methyl 1 - (6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino) ethyl] benzyl) carbamate and 2- (or
• the strobilurins are compounds of formula I wherein Q is N (-OCH 3) -COOCH 3; those agents are described in WO 93/15046 and WO 96/01256.
• the strobilurins are compounds of the formula I in which A is OB, where R 1 and B have the meanings given for formula I; those active substances are described in EP-A 382 375 and EP-A 398 692.
• strobilurins of the formula I in which: Q is N (-OCH 3 ) -COOCH 3 , A is CH 2 -O- and B is selected from 3-pyrazolyl or 1, 2,4-triazol-3-yl, wherein B is linked to one or two substituents selected from the group halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl and Phenyl or pyridyl, especially 2-pyridyl, where phenyl and pyridyl may be substituted by 1 to 3 radicals R b .
• T is a carbon or a nitrogen atom
• R a ' is independently selected from halo, methyl and trifluoromethyl
• y is zero, 1 or 2
• R b is as defined for formula I
• x is zero, 1, 2, 3 or 4 stands.
• Particularly preferred active compounds of the formula II are those of the formula II ':
• R b is as defined for formula I.
• the strobilurin is more preferably selected from the substances listed in Tables 1 to 7 below.
• strobilurins compound II-5 (pyraclostrobin), 111-1 (kresoxim-methyl), III-3 (dimoxystrobin), 111-11 (ZJ 0712), IV-3 (picoxystrobin), V-6 (trifloxystrobin ), V-9 (enestroburine), VI-16 (orysastrobin), VI 1-1 (metominostrobin), VIII-1 (azoxystrobin), and VIII-11 (fluoxastrobin).
• compound II-5 pyraclostrobin
• 111-1 kresoxim-methyl
• III-3 diimoxystrobin
• 111-11 ZJ 0712
• IV-3 picoxystrobin
• V-6 trifloxystrobin
• V-9 enestroburine
• VI-16 orysastrobin
• VI 1-1 metalominostrobin
• VIII-1 azoxystrobin
• VIII-11 fluoxastrobin
• Pyraclostrobin (Compound II-5), Kresoxim-methyl (Compound 111-1) or Azoxystrobin (Compound VIII-1), most preferred is Pyraclostrobin.
• compositions according to the invention may contain, instead of or together with the active substance from the group of strobilurins, one or more crop protection active ingredients other than strobilurins.
• fungicidal active compounds which are in particular selected from carboxamides, azoles, in particular conazoles, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, carbamates, dithiocarbamates and other fungicides selected from dodins, iminoctadines, guazatine, kasugamycin, polyoxine, streptomycin, validamycin A, fentin salts, isoprothiolane, dithianone , Edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, Iprobenfos, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl, phosphoric acid and its salts, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, flusulfamide, phthalide, he
• fungicidal active ingredients examples include the fungicidal active ingredients listed in the following list:
• Carboxylic acid anilides benalaxyl, benalaxyl M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, mepronil, fenfuram, fenhexamide, flutolanil, furametpyr, metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxine, penthiopyrad, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole 5-carboxylic acid anilide, 2-chloro-N- (1, 1, 3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl) - nicotinamide, 4-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (4'-bromobiphenyl-2-yl) -amide, 4-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid- (4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl -2-yl) -amide
• Triazoles azaconazole, bitertanol, bromiconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, enilconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, flusilazole, fluquinconazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, Simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimenol,
• Imidazoles cyazofamide, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, pefurazoate, prochloraz,
• Benzimidazoles benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole; others: ethaboxam, etridiazole, hymexazole; Of the azoles specified here, the compounds listed under the triazoles and imidazoles are also referred to as conazoles or conazole fungicides.
• nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds - pyridines fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3- [5- (4-chlorophenyl) -2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl] -pyridine, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methanesulfonyl- pyridine, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile, N- (1- (5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl) -ethyl) -2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide, N- (( ⁇ -bromo-S-chloropyridine ⁇ -yQ-methyl ⁇ - dichlornicotinamide; pyrimidines: bupirimate, cyprodinil, diflumetorim, ferimzone, fenarimol, mepanipyrim, nitrapyrin, nuarimol, pyrimethanil;
• Piperazine triforin
• Pyrroles fludioxonil, fenpiclonil
• Morpholine aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph;
• Dicarboximides iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin;
• - other nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds acibenzolar-S-methyl,
• Carbamates and Dithiocarbamates - Dithiocarbamates Ferbam, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Metam, Propineb, Thiram, Zineb, Ziram;
• Sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds isoprothiolanes, dithianone;
• Organophosphorus compounds edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum,
• Organochlorine compounds thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, flusulfamide, phthalide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, quintozene;
• Nitrophenyl derivatives binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton;
• Particularly preferred as mixing partners for strobilurins are funicides which are selected from nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, carbamates, dithiocarbamates and morpholines, in particular those selected from diethofencarb, flubenthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, 3- (4-chlorophenyl) -3- (2-isopropoxycarbonylamino) Methyl 3-methyl-butyrylamino) -propionate, N- (1- (1 - (4-cyanophenyl) -ethanesulfonyl) -but-2-yl) -carbamic acid (4-fluorophenyl) -ester, Ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, metam, Propineb, Thiram, Zineb, Ziram, Aldimorph, Dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, Tridemorph and Folpet, specifically Metiram, Fenpropimorph and Folpet.
• the active ingredient b) is a strobilurin, in particular a strobilurin indicated as being preferred, especially pyraclostrobin or a mixture of one or more strobilurins, and one or more further fungicides as described above.
• a strobilurin in particular a strobilurin indicated as being preferred, especially pyraclostrobin or a mixture of one or more strobilurins, and one or more further fungicides as described above.
• Most preferred are mixtures in which the strobilurin is a strobilurin, and especially pyraclostrobin, given as preferred.
• the active substance contained in the compositions comprises a strobilurin selected from pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methyl, dimoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, enestroburin, orysastrobin, metominostrobin, azoxystrobin, and fluoxastrobin optionally together with one or two other fungicides as described above, in the composition, with pyraclostrobin being the preferred strobilurin.
• a strobilurin selected from pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methyl, dimoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, enestroburin, orysastrobin, metominostrobin, azoxystrobin, and fluoxastrobin optionally together with one or two other fungicides as described above, in the composition, with pyraclostrobin being the preferred strobilurin.
• Examples of combinations of a strobilurin and another fungicide include, but are not limited to, pyraclostrobin and metiram, azoxystrobin and metiram, kresoxim-methyl and metiram, pyraclostrobin and folpet, azoxystrobin and folpet, kresoxim-methyl and folpet.
• the crop protection active contained in the composition comprises at least one fungicidal active substance from the group of conazole fungicides, in particular a conazole fungicide from the group of triazoles, especially epoxyconazole.
• the composition may contain the conazole fungicide as the sole active ingredient or in combination with another active agent, e.g. an insecticidal or fungicidal active substance.
• the active ingredient combination is a combination of at least one conazole fungicide, especially epoxiconazole with at least one strobilurin, in particular pyraclostrobin, and optionally a further active ingredient, eg.
• Fenpropidin a combination of two different conazole fungicides, especially epoxiconazole, with at least one other conazole fungicide other than epoxiconazole, in particular a conazole fungicide comprising prochloraz, cyprocannazole, fluquinconazole, hexaconazole, metconazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothio-conazole, tebuconazole and triticonazole and specifically metconazole, fluquinconazole and prothioconazole is selected.
• conazole fungicide comprising prochloraz, cyprocannazole, fluquinconazole, hexaconazole, metconazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothio-conazole, tebuconazole and triticonazole and specifically metconazole, fluquinconazole and prothioconazole is selected.
• the crop protection active contained in the composition comprises at least one fungicidal active ingredient from the group of the azolopyrimidines of the formula IX
• G, E, Q a) G is N; E is CW 2 and Q is N or CW 3 ; b) G is CW 1 ; E is CW 2 and Q is N; or c) G is CW 1 ; E is N and Q is CW 3 ;
• W 1, W 2, W 3 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl CT C 4 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 kinyl -alkyl, Ci-C 4 haloalkyl, Hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -haloalkynyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 -halocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, Ci-C 4 -haloalkoxy, C1-C4-
• Alkylthio, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfinyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl, formyl, thiocarbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, di- (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ) alkyl) aminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoximinocarbonyl, hydroximinoalkyl, CR 10 R 11 OR 12 , C (R 13 ) NR 14 ; R 10 R 11 R 12 independently of one another hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl,
• Carbon chain may be substituted by one to three groups of methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl;
• R 13 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl;
• R 14 is C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenylamino, where the
• Phenyl groups may be substituted by one to five groups R b ; R NR 1 R 2, or Ci-Cio-alkyl, Ci-Cio-haloalkyl, C 2 -Cio-alkenyl, C 2 -C 0 -Ha- logenalkenyl, C 2 -C 0 alkynyl, C 2 -C 0 - haloalkynyl, C3-Ci2 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 2 - halocycloalkenyl, phenyl, halophenyl, naphthyl, halonaphthyl or a five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or ten-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic carbon- bonded heterocycle, which may be partially or fully halogenated, containing one, two, three or four
• R Heteroatoms from the group oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; where R can contain one, two, three or four identical or different groups R a , which are selected independently of one another from:
• R a is cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxyl, Ci-C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkyl kinyl, C 3 -C 6 -CyCIo- alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenyl, C 6 - Alkoxy, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyloxy, C 3 -C 6 -alkynyloxy, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkoxy, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkenyloxy, C (O) R ⁇ , C (O) OR ⁇ , C (S) OR ⁇ , C (O) SR ⁇ , C (S) SR ⁇ , OC (O) OR ⁇ , d-C ⁇ alkylthio, amino, -C 6 - alkylamino, di-Ci-6 alkylamino C , Aminocarbonyl, C (O) NHR ⁇ , C (O)
• R b is cyano, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, amino, carboxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino,
• Heterocyclyloxy wherein the cyclic systems contain 3 to 10 ring members; Aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, hetaryl, hetaryloxy, hetarylthio, where the aryl radicals preferably contain 6 to 10 ring members, the hetaryl radicals contain 5 or 6 ring members, the cyclic systems being partially or may be fully halogenated and / or substituted by alkyl or haloalkyl groups; R 1, R 2 are independently hydrogen, Ci-Ci2 alkyl, C2-Ci2 alkenyl, C 2 -C 2 -Alki- nyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkenyl, C 8 - alkoxy, C 2 -C 8 alkenyloxy, C 2 -C 8 -
• R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6, R 7, R 8 are independently hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C 8 - alkyl, Ci-C ⁇ -haloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -Haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 2 -C 8 -haloalkynyl, Cs-C ⁇ -cycloalkyl, Cs-C ⁇ -halocycloalkyl, Cs-C ⁇ -cycloalkenyl, Cs-C ⁇ -halocycloalkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl or a five- or six-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle containing one, two, three or four heteroatoms from the group O, N and S, which cyclic groups partially or completely halogenated and / or substituted by one or more groups R ⁇ R 5 may also form, with R 3 or R 7 together with the atoms to which these radical
• R 1 and R 3 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or ten-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle, in addition to Carbon atoms may contain one, two or three further heteroatoms from the group O, N and S as a ring member;
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 may be independently or partially halogenated;
• R 1 to R 8 may each independently carry one, two, three or four identical or different groups R a ;
• Z is hydrogen, carboxyl, formyl, Ci -C 8 -alkyl, C 8 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 -
• Carbon chains may be substituted by one or more groups R b ;
• R A , R B independently of one another are hydrogen, C 2 -alkenyl, C 2 -alkynyl or one of the groups mentioned for R ⁇ ; wherein R A and R B also together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, or
• R A and R ⁇ together with the carbon and heteroatoms via which they are attached can form a three- to ten-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic mono- or bicyclic ring which, in addition to carbon atoms, has one, two or three further heteroatoms from the group Group O, N and S contain as ring member, one or more oxo groups and / or one or more substituents R b can carry; or
• Z can also form with R 6 or R 8 a five- or six-membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring which, in addition to carbon atoms and
• Y may contain one or two further heteroatoms from the group N and S as a ring member and / or may carry one or more substituents R a , as defined below; the group Z may be partially or completely halogenated and / or carry one, two or three groups R b ;
• R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may also have one of five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten members form saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic mono- or bicyclic heterocycle which may be partially or completely halogenated and may contain one, two or three further heteroatoms from the group O, N and S as ring member in addition to carbon atoms and which one, two or three substituents which is selected from R a , ZY- # and ZY- (CR 5 R 6 ) q -CR 3 R 4 - #, wherein # is the point of attachment to the heterocycle; p is zero, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; q is zero or 1; Phenyl or five- or six-membered heteroaryl, which in addition to
• Y 2 d-Cs-alkylene C 2 -C 8 -alkenylene, C 2 -C 8 -alkynylene, wherein Y 2 may be interrupted by one, two or three heteroatoms from the group NR A , O, S (O) r ; r is 0, 1 or 2; T YR, YR A , NR A R B , Y N R A R B , C (NOR A ) R B , S (O) r R A ,
• X is halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino or C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, especially
• Preferred azolopyrimidines are those in which G and Q are N and E is CH, and X is halogen, especially chlorine.
• Examples of preferred compounds of the formula IX are 5-chloro-7- (4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) -6- (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl) - [1, 2,4] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine, 6- (3,4-dichloro-phenyl) -5-methyl- [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-ylamine, 6- (4 tert -butyl-phenyl) -5-methyl- [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-ylamine, 5-methyl-6- (3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl) - [1, 2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-ylamine, 5-methyl-6-octyl- [1,2,4] triazolo [1,
• the composition may also contain one or more further plant protection active ingredients, in particular a fungicide.
• fungicides with which azolopyrimidine IX can be used together is intended to illustrate but not limit the possibilities of combination:
• Strobilurins e.g. Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Enestroburin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim- methyl, Metominostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Orysastrobin, (2-Chloro-5- [1- (3-methyl-benzyloxyimino) -ethyl] -benzyl) -carbamic acid methyl ester, (2 - Chloro-5- [1- (6-methyl-pyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino) -ethyl] -benzyl) -carbaminklaremethyl-, 2- (ortho- (2,5-dimethylphenyl-oxymethylene) phenyl) -3-methoxy - acrylic acid methyl ester;
• Carboxylic anilides e.g. Benalaxyl, benodanil, boscalid, carboxin, mepronil, fenfuram, fenhexamide, flutolanil, furametpyr, metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxine, penthiopyrad, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 4-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole
• Benzoic acid amides flumetover, fluopicolide (picobenzamide), zoxamide;
• bitertanol bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, enilconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, flusilazole, fluquinconazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimol , Triadimefon, triticonazole;
• - imidazoles cyazofamide, imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole;
• Benzimidazoles benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole;
• Pyridines fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3- [5- (4-chlorophenyl) -2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl] pyridine;
• - pyrimidines bupirimate, cyprodinil, ferimzone, fenarimol, mepanipyrim, nuarimol, pyrimethanil;
• Dicarboximides iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin; - others: acibenzolar-S-methyl, anilazine, captan, captafol, dazomet, diclomethine, fenoxanil, folpet, fenpropidin, famoxadone, fenamidone, octhilinone, probenazole, proquinazide, pyroquilone, quinoxyfen, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3 -propyl-chromen-4-one, 3- (3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylindol-1-sulfonyl) - [1, 2,4] triazole-1-sulfonic acid dimethylamide;
• guanidines dodine, iminoctadine, guazatine
• Sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds isoprothiolanes, dithianone;
• Organophosphorus compounds edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, Iprobenfos, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl, phosphorous acid and their salts;
• Organochlorine compounds thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, flusulfamide, phthalide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, quintozene;
• Nitrophenyl derivatives binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton;
• the composition may be used to protect the woody plant from infection with the subsequent fungal pathogens or to treat infection with these fungal pathogens and / or a disease caused thereby.
• Botryosphaeria species Cylindrocarpon species, Eutypa lata, Neonectria liriodendri and Stereum hirsutum,
• Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sciarophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp .; Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleu- rotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp.
• Tyromyces spp. Deuteromycetes such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and zygomycetes such as Mucor spp.
• Phomopsis species e.g. P. viticola, Plasmopara viticola, Pseudo-pedicel tracheiphilai, Erysiphe (Syn. Uncinula) necator
• the present invention is particularly suitable in one embodiment for the protection and treatment of diseases by: Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, aleophilum, parasiticum Phaeoacremonium spp. (aleophilum, inflatipes, chlamydosporum, angustius, viticola, rubrigenum, parasiticum)
• Formitipora mediterranea (syn. Phellinus punctatus, Phellinius igniarius Fomitiporia punctata) Eutypa lata, Eutypa armeniacae, Libertella blepharis
• Botryosphaeria spp. (australis, dothidea, obtusa, stevensii, parva, rhodina)
• Cylindrocarpon spp. (destructans, optusisporum) Campylocarpon spp.
• compositions of the invention are particularly useful for the protection and control of Elsinoe ampelina on grapevine.
• the composition of the invention is used to protect woody plants, especially grapevines, from Esca, ie to protect woody plants, especially grapevines, from infection with the complex of pathogens associated with the disease Esca.
• the compositions according to the invention can also be used for the treatment of Esca in hothouses, especially grapevines, or for the treatment of woody plants infected with the Esca-causing pathogens.
• this disease is often caused in Central Europe by the main pathogen Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium spp. (aleophilum, inflatipes, chlamydosporum), and formitipora mediterranea (syn.
• the composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one strobilurin, in particular at least one strobilurin specified as being preferred, and especially pyraclostrobin, optionally in combination with other strobilurin. at least one other crop protection agent, especially a fungicide, with respect to preferred combinations of the above applies.
• compositions of the invention are useful for protecting or treating Esca in a variety of grape varieties.
• grape varieties are white wine grape varieties and red wine grape varieties, e.g. white grape varieties such as Muller-Thurgau, Bacchus, Riesling, Scheurebe, Silvaner, Kerner, Gutedel, Faberrebe.
• the composition according to the invention contains at least one active ingredient against bacteria, preferably at least one active ingredient which is active against Agrobacterium vitis and / or phytoplasmas.
• the bactericidal active ingredient may be contained alone or together with one or more other active substances, in particular fungicidal active substances and especially one or more active substances from the group of strobilurins in the compositions according to the invention.
• compositions according to the invention contain at least one insecticide.
• the insecticide may be present alone or together with one or more other active substances, in particular fungicidal active substances and especially one or more active substances from the group of strobilurins, in the compositions according to the invention.
• insecticidal groups are examples of substance classes which may be contained in the compositions according to the invention.
• the list is illustrative, but does not limit the insecticides to those listed below.
• Organo (thio) phosphates such as bacillus thuringiensis
• carbamates such as pyrethroids
• pyrethroids mimics of the juvenile hormone nicotinic receptor agonistic / antagonistic compounds
• GABA gated chloride channel antagonistic compounds such as GABA gated chloride channel antagonistic compounds
• chloride channel activators such as METI I, II or III compounds
• decouplers of oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors of oxidative Phosphorylation, skinning inhibitors, synergists, sodium channel blocking compounds, fumigants, selective feeding blockers, mite growth inhibitors, chitin synthesis inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, ryanodine receptor modulators, anthranilamides, malononitrile compounds, and microwave disruptors (such as bacillus thuringiensis).
• the surface-blocking agents of the invention contain insecticides known to those skilled in the art to be active against the following insects:
• Homoptera Cicadidae: Periodic cicada, Magicicada septen- decim, Magicicada Cassini, Magicicada septendecula Coccidae: European shield louse (European fruit lecanium, Lecanium corni)
• Cocoidea scale insects (Pulvinaria vitis, Heliococcus bohemicus, Phenaloccus aceris)
• Diaspididae Diaspidiotus uvae (grape scale)
• Hemiptera Pseudococcidae: South louse (Grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus, Planococcus ficus)
• Phylloxeridae Phylloxeridae (Viteus vitifoliae), root lice (Pemphigus bursarius) Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ampeloglypter sesostris (Grape cane gallmaker), Ampeloglypter ampelopsis (Grape cane girdler), Ambrosia beetle (Ambrosia beetles, Xylosandrus germanus, Xyleborinus saxeseni) Chrsomelidae: Fidia viticida (grape rootworm) Cerambycidae: Clytoleptus albobasciatus (grape trunk borer) Scolytidae: unequal wood borer (Xyleborus dispar), black wood bark beetle (Xylosandrus germanus)
• Lepidoptera Sesiidae: Vitacea polistiformis (grape root borer) Tortricidae: affiliated grape moth (Eupoecilia amiguella), crossed grape moth (Lobesia botrana)
• the composition contains at least one active substance against bacteria, in particular an active substance which is active against Agrobacterium vitis and / or phytoplasmas.
• the compositions according to the invention contain resistance stimulators for plants, preferably messenger-like substances or substances which modify the effect of messenger substances.
• the compositions of the invention preferably contain the resistance stimulators in combination with at least one fungicide or insecticide.
• Particularly preferred are substances which have the effect of ethylene, salicylic acid or jasmonate or alter the action of these endogenously present substances in the plant. Very particular preference is given to methyl jasmonates and benzoic acid derivatives. Most preferred is salicylic acid.
• the sprayable compositions and also the flowable compositions according to the invention comprise at least one volatile diluent.
• Volatile diluents mean not only water but also organic solvents having a boiling point below 150 ° C. at 1 bar. The diluent serves to dissolve or to disperse or emulsify components a) and b).
• Suitable volatile diluents are water, C 1 -C 6 -alkanols, in particular C 2 -C 4 -alkanols, such as ethanol, n- and isopropanol, n-butanol, ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, furthermore ethylene glycol and Mixtures of these solvents, in particular mixtures with water.
• the diluent is an aqueous diluent, i.
• the amount of diluent can be varied over wide ranges and is usually at least 50 wt .-%, often at least 55 wt .-%, in particular at least 60 wt .-%. It is typically in the range of 50 to 99.84 wt.%, Often in the range of 55 to 99.8 wt.% And especially in the range of 60 to 99.5 wt.% Or in the range of 60 to 99 , 3 wt .-% or in the range of 60 to 98.85 wt .-% or in the range of 60 to 97.9 wt .-% or in the range of 60 to 95.9 wt .-% or in the range of 60 to 92.8% by weight, based in each case on the total If necessary, it may be advantageous to dilute the composition before use, for example to 1.5 to 100 times its original volume.
• compositions of the invention contain, in addition to the aforementioned constituents a), b) and c) at least one nonionic surfactant as component d), in particular at least one nonionic surfactant having at least one poly-C2-C3-alkylene oxide group.
• This substance improves the penetration of the active ingredient into the wood of the treated plant and usually also results in the formation of a denser seal on the treated wound surface.
• nonionic surface-active substances which, at a concentration of 0.25% at 20 ° C., at least halve the surface tension of water.
• the person skilled in the art knows methods for determining the surface tension, for example from DIN EN 14 370 and DIN 53914.
• Nonionic surfactants having an HLB value according to Griffin are preferred (see J. Soc. Cosmet Chem 1, 311 (1950) and 5, 249 (1954 and H. Mollet et al., Formulation Technology, Wiley-VCH 2001).
• nonionic surface-active substances are, in particular, compounds which have a hydrophobic moiety, for example a C 8 -C 20 -alkyl radical, a C 4 -C 20 -alkylphenyl radical, 1, 2 or 3 fatty acid radicals which are optionally linked to one another via a polyol, and at least one eg 1 or 2 polyalkylene oxide groups, in particular poly-C2-C3-alkylene oxide groups, for example:
• Poly-C 2 -C 3 alkoxylated C 8 -C 20 alkanols in particular polyC 2 C 3 alkoxylated.
• N-decanol polyC 2 C 3 alkoxylated.
• N-dodecanol polyC 2 C 3 alkoxylated isotride - canol
• poly-C2-C3-alkoxylated myristyl alcohol poly-C2-C3-alkoxylated cetyl alcohol
• Poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkoxylated C 4 -C 20 -alkylphenols such as poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkoxylated butylphenol, polyC 2 -C 3 -alkoxylated.it octylphenol, polyC 2 -C 3 -alkoxylated, nonylphenol,
• Poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters such as poly- C 2 -C 3 -alkoxylated.
• Sorbitan trioleate and - polyalkylene oxide-modified siloxanes in particular poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkylene oxide-modified siloxanes, more preferably polyalkylene oxide-modified oligomeric polymethylsiloxanes (degree of oligomerization preferably 2 to 6), very special preferably poly-C2-C3-alkylene oxide-modified oligomeric polymethylsiloxanes (OM gomermaschinesgrad preferably 2 to 6), particularly preferably polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxanes, most preferably P0IV-C2-C3-alkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxanes.
• Polyalkoxylated or polyalkylene oxide-modified means that the substances have at least one polyether chain consisting of alkylene oxide repeat units, in particular C2-C3-alkylene oxide repeat units (poly-C2-C3-alkoxylated or poly-C2-C3-alkylene oxide modified) ie from ethylene oxide repeat units (-CH 2 CH 2 O-) and / or propylene oxide repeat units (-CH (CH 3) CH 2 O-).
• the number of repeat units depends in a manner known per se on the nature of the hydrophobic moiety and the proportion of propylene oxide repeat units and is preferably in the range of 4 to 20, especially in the range of 4 to 15.
• the nonionic surfactants d) used are hydrophilically modified siloxanes, e.g. the substances contained in the products of the brands Silwet L (Union Carbide or OSi Specialties, Ine or Leu + Gygax AG), or Sylgard® 309 (Dow Corning).
• Silwet L Union Carbide or OSi Specialties, Ine or Leu + Gygax AG
• Sylgard® 309 Dow Corning
• polyalkylene oxide-modified oligomeric polymethylsiloxanes degree of oligomerization preferably 2 to 6
• poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkylene oxide-modified oligomeric polymethylsiloxanes degree of oligomerization preferably 2 to 6
• polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxanes especially heptamethyltrisiloxanes modified P0IV-C2-C3-alkylene oxide, especially e.g. the polyalkylene oxide modified in Silwet L-77 (Leu + Gygax AG), Ranman component B (ISK Bioscience Europe S.A.) or Pentra-Bark (Agrichem) Heptamethyltrisiloxane.
• compositions according to the invention comprise the abovementioned nonionic surface-active substances in an amount of at least 10% by weight, particularly preferably at least 15% by weight or 20% by weight, for example in an amount of from 5 to 100% by weight, in particular 10 to 80 wt .-%, particularly preferably 15 to 70 wt .-% or 20 to 60 wt .-%, based on the closure material (component a).
• the proportion of the nonionic surface-active substance is usually in the range of 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 18 wt .-% or 2 to 15 wt .-%.
• the compositions according to the invention contain as sealing material a) at least one polar polyethylene-based wax, ie a polyethylene-oxidate wax or a carboxyl-bearing copolymer of ethylene as defined above, as active ingredient b), at least one active ingredient from the group of strobilurins, in particular at least one of the strobilurins specified as being preferred, especially pyraclostrobin, optionally in combination with one or more other fungicidal active compounds, for example in combination with one or more conazole fungicides, especially epoxiconazole, at least one solution or A diluent, especially an aqueous diluent, and at least one nonionic surfactant in an
• the nonionic surfactant having at least one poly-C2-C3-alkylene oxide group, and in particular a poly-C2-C3-alkylene oxide modified polymethylsiloxane and especially a poly-C2-C3-alkylene oxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane.
• the compositions according to the invention comprise as sealing material a) at least one film-forming acrylate polymer, in particular a weakly crosslinked acrylate rubber and especially a butyl acrylate rubber, as active ingredient b), at least one active substance from the group of strobilurins, in particular at least one of the preferred strobilurins, especially pyraclostrobin, optionally in combination with one or more other fungicidal active ingredients, eg in combination with one or more conazole fungicides, especially epoxiconazole, at least one solvent or diluent, especially an aqueous diluent and at least one nonionic surfactant in an amount of at least 5 wt .-%, in particular at least 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 15 wt .-% or 20 wt .-%, for example in an amount of 5 to 100 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 80% by
• compositions may contain minor amounts of further constituents, for example surface-active substances, if not contained in component d), bactericides, antifoams, colorants and the like.
• Surfactants are, for example, anionic surfactants, e.g. the alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, e.g. Lignin, phenol, naphthalene and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, as well as of fatty acids of arylsulfonates, of alkyl ethers, of lauryl ethers, of fatty alcohol sulfates and of fatty alcohol glycol ether sulfates, condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, condensation products of phenol or phenolsulfonic acid with formaldehyde, condensation products of phenol with formaldehyde and sodium sulfite, lignosulfite waste liquors, salts of phosphated tristyrylphenol
• nonionic surface-active substances e.g. ethoxylated alkanols such as ethoxylated isotridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated alkylphenols such as ethoxylated isooctyl, octyl or nonylphenol, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, ethoxylated castor oil, ethoxylated tristyl-rylphenols, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate and sorbitan esters.
• ethoxylated alkanols such as ethoxylated isotridecyl alcohol
• ethoxylated alkylphenols such as ethoxylated isooctyl, octyl or nonylphenol
• tributylphenyl polyglycol ether ethoxylated castor oil
• ethoxylated tristyl-rylphenols lau
• Suitable antifoams which may be present in the surface-sealing agents according to the invention are all antifoams customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds.
• antifoam agents are silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Silikon® SRE, Wacker or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
• Bactericides may be added to stabilize the compositions of the present invention against infestation with microorganisms.
• Suitable bactericides which may be present in the surface-sealing agents according to the invention are all bactericides customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds, for example bactericides based on diclorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal, and also isothiazolones such as Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemistry and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas.
• compositions of the present invention contain no viscosity modifying ingredients (other than ingredients a), b), c) and optionally d) or such ingredients only in an ineffective amount. Such compositions usually have a Newtonian flow behavior.
• compositions of the present invention contain additives which impart pseudoplastic or thixotropic properties to the composition, ie, a high viscosity at rest and a low viscosity upon exposure to shear.
• colorants are both water-insoluble pigments and water-soluble dyes. Examples which may be mentioned under the names rhodamine B, Cl. Pigment Red 112 and Cl. Solvent Red 1 known dyes, as well as Pigment blue 15: 4, Pigment blue 15: 3, Pigment blue 15: 2, Pigment blue 15: 1, Pigment blue 80, Pigment yellow 1, Pigment yellow 13, Pigment red 112, Pigment red 48: 2, Pigment red 48: 1, Pigment red 57: 1, Pigment red 53: 1, Pigment orange 43, Pigment orange 34, Pigment orange 5, Pigment green 36, Pigment green 7, Pigment white 6, Pigment brown 25 , Basic violet 10, Basic violet 49, Acid red 51, Acid red 52, Acid red 14, Acid blue 9, Acid yellow 23, Basic red 10, Basic red 108.
• the preparation of the compositions according to the invention is carried out by mixing the components a), b), c) and optionally d) and optionally further constituents by known methods of the formulation technique for liquid compositions.
• the procedure is to initially place the sealing material in dissolved or dispersed form in the diluent and then to incorporate the other constituents, if appropriate with the addition of further diluents.
• Preference is given to using the closure material in the form of an aqueous dispersion.
• the active ingredient is also preferably used in the form of a solution, suspension or emulsion, preferably in the diluent or in a liquid phase which mixes with or emulsifies in the diluent.
• compositions to the wound surfaces of wood plants to be protected or treated can be carried out in the usual manner and depends in a known manner on the type of wound site to be treated or protected.
• the surface of the wound area is impregnated on the one hand, as a result of which active ingredient and optionally the closure agent penetrate into the surface area.
• the closure material in turn forms a permanently elastic closed layer or a film on or in the wood surface or wound surface and thus seals the wound site against the penetration of plant pathogens.
• the resulting layer is weather-resistant, frost-, UV- and rain-resistant, abrasion-resistant and non-toxic for the plant.
• penetration preferably takes place in the direction of the vascular bundles.
• penetration depth at least 0.2 cm, in particular at least 0.5 cm and more preferably at least 1 cm, up to 2.5 cm or 3 cm or deeper.
• the wound sites to be treated or protected may be natural injuries, such as wind breakage, frost or other weathering effects, or, in particular, the wound surfaces caused by the plant incision. It may be wound sites in the bark area but also wound sites in the wood cross-section, ie sawing or cutting wounds.
• the application is carried out by spraying the composition, at least on the wound area.
• spraying also includes the atomization, blowing and spraying of the composition.
• Conventional devices can be used for spraying, such as commercial atomizers, sprayers, hand sprayers, as well as pneumatic or manual cutting shears with spray function, by means of which the compositions can be applied specifically to cuts in the context of the usual spraying.
• the application can be made specifically in the wound area or the compositions can be sprayed over a large area on the wood parts of the plant, so that even in the vicinity of the or the wound site (s) located plant parts are treated with the composition.
• the application is carried out by a so-called tunnel spraying, in which in crops of fruit trees or grapevines, the wood parts after a cut treatment targeted in the cutting area with a composition according to the invention, optionally after dilution, sprayed and excess spray is collected , In this way, the interfaces and surrounding wood parts are treated.
• compositions are preferably carried out at temperatures in the range of -10 0 C to +30 0 C, more preferably in the range of -5 ° C to +20 0 C and most preferably in the range of -3 ° C to + 10 ° C.
• the composition of the invention is used in a multi-step process.
• a first crop protection agent in particular a fungicide, or an active ingredient preparation of this active substance can be applied to the surface of the wood plant to be treated or protected, and in one of the following steps, the composition according to the invention will be described herein Applied manner.
• the compositions of the present invention may be used in any culture of woody plants, including in cultures tolerant by breeding, including genetic engineering, to insect, virus, bacterial, fungal or herbicidal applications.
• the crops according to the invention are used for the treatment of fruit trees such as plum, peach, cherry, apple, pear, mirabelle, and especially for the treatment of grapevines.
• Figure 1 shows light microscopic photographs of sections along the fiber axis of various inventively treated Rebholz publishede.
• the top row shows views of the treated interface.
• the second row shows a longitudinal section in the area of the treated interface.
• the lower row shows the longitudinal section of several treated Rebholz pieces.
• Closure material 1 Crosslinked polybutyl acrylate in the form of a 40% strength by weight, anionically stabilized aqueous polymer dispersion prepared analogously to Example 1, A1 of EP0099532.
• Closure Material 2 Oxidized polyethylene wax, acid number (DIN EN ISO 2114) 20-24 mg KOH / g, melting point (DIN 51007) 126-133 ° C, melt viscosity (120 0 C, DIN 51526) 4500 mm / sec 2; in the form of a 30 wt .-% aqueous suspension having an average particle size of 100 nm, a viscosity (DIN EN ISO 2431, cup 4) of 20-36 S "1 and pH 9, containing about 7 wt .-% of an ethoxylated Fatty alcohols, 0.4% by weight of diethylethanolamine and about 0.6% by weight of potassium hydroxide.
• Closure Material 3 Oxidized polyethylene wax, acid number (DIN EN ISO 21 14) 17.5 to 19 mg KOH / g, melting point (DIN 51007) 126-133 ° C, melt viscosity (120 0 C, DIN 51526) 6500 mm / sec 2 ; in the form of a 30% strength by weight aqueous suspension having an average particle size of 100 nm, a viscosity (DIN EN ISO 2431, cup 4) of 20-60 S -1 and pH 8.5, containing about 9% by weight an ethoxylated oxoalkohl, and about 0.5 wt .-% potassium hydroxide.
• Sealing material 4 copolymer of 90 wt .-% acid ethylene and 10 wt .-% methacrylic acid, having a melt viscosity (120 0 C, DIN 51526) 1400 mm / sec 2 in the shape of an approximately 20 wt .-% strength aqueous , emulsifier-free, neutralized with dimethylethanolamine dispersion.
• Closure material 5 copolymer of 80% by weight of ethylene and 20% by weight of methacrylic acid, which has an MFI value of 10 (measured at 160 ° C. and 325 g of load after DIN 53753) has in the form of an approximately 25 wt .-% aqueous, emulsifier-free, neutralized with dimethylethanolamine dispersion.
• Surfactant I ethoxylated heptamethyltrisiloxane 89%, e.g. Silwet L-77 (Leu + Gygax AG, Birmenstorf CH) or Pentra-Bark (Agrichem Manufacturing Industries, Loganholme AU)
• Dye I 40% by weight liquid adjustment of a red xanthene dye (Cl. Basic Violet 10 acetate);
• Dye II 50% by weight dispersion of the dye Cl. Pigment Red 112 in a mixture of water, dipropylene glycol (volume ratio 2: 1) and nonionic emulsifier (10%, based on dye).
• Podexal (BASF Chile) - a commercially available wound sealant in paste form containing a polyacrylate as a closure agent, a red dye and fungicide (pyraclostrobin).
• Podexal was applied with a brush.
• Composition 1 is a composition of Composition 1:
• Composition 2 is a composition of Composition 2:
• composition forms a large dome when applied. After the drying time, it becomes visible under the microscope that a very strong and elastic layer remains on the cut surface. The depth penetration, as far as indicated by the dye, is moderate.
• Composition 4 is a composition having Composition 4:
• composition forms a large dome when applied. After the drying time it is visible under the microscope that a layer remains on the cut surface.
• the dye shows a strong and deep penetration that extends to the end of the wood. Presumably due to the strong penetration of the composition into the wood, the layer thickness at the surface is lower than in composition 3.
• the Podexal forms a thick protective layer after being applied to the cut surface. After examination under the microscope, the structure of the protective layer appears slightly porous and inelastic.
• the vine was trimmed in the winter cut.
• the time interval from the time of application to the time of cutting was five minutes in this experiment.
• the surface sealer Podexal had to be painted on, because the high viscosity of the product prevented it from spraying.
• the other two surface sealants were sprayed and showed good coverage of the cuts even after 28 days.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

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• 2008
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