CN102939010B - 含水活性成分组合物 - Google Patents
含水活性成分组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102939010B CN102939010B CN201180029729.6A CN201180029729A CN102939010B CN 102939010 B CN102939010 B CN 102939010B CN 201180029729 A CN201180029729 A CN 201180029729A CN 102939010 B CN102939010 B CN 102939010B
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- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F228/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur
- C08F228/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur by a bond to sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明涉及含水活性成分组合物,其中一种或多种活性成分以细碎聚合物-活性成分颗粒的水分散体形式存在,所述颗粒包含至少一种水不溶性聚合物P、至少一种表面活性物质和至少一种存在于聚合物颗粒中且在25°C/101.325hPa下具有的水溶性不超过5g/l的有机作物保护活性成分,其中聚合物-活性成分颗粒具有的平均颗粒直径由动态光散射测定为300-1200nm,优选310-1000nm,更特别地为320-800nm,聚合物P为烯属不饱和单体M的聚合物,所述单体M基于聚合物P的构成单体M的总量包含0.1-10重量%,更具体为0.2-7重量%,尤其是0.3-5重量%至少一种选自单烯属不饱和磺酸、单烯属不饱和膦酸和单烯属不饱和磷酸单酯及其盐的单烯属不饱和化合物M2,其中以重量%表示的量基于单体M2的酸形式。本发明还涉及一种制备它们的方法和这类活性成分组合物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种细碎聚合物-活性成分颗粒的水分散体形式的含水活性成分组合物,所述水分散体包含至少一种水不溶性聚合物P、至少一种表面活性物质和至少一种存在于聚合物颗粒中的有机作物保护活性成分。本发明还涉及一种制备它们的方法以及这类活性成分组合物的用途。
不溶性或仅在水中具有有限溶解度,即在25°C和101.325hPa下的水溶性通常不超过5g/l的作物保护用活性成分通常配制成含水悬浮浓缩物。悬浮浓缩物为以悬浮于水相中的颗粒形式包含一种或多种活性成分的含水配制剂。这类配制剂具有的优点是它们能够容易地用水稀释至所需施用浓度并且此外仅包括少量挥发性有机成分。然而,作物保护活性成分(ACPI)作为含水悬浮浓缩物的配制剂当然仍然限于除了足够低的水溶性外还具有足够高熔点的那些ACPI,因为制备悬浮浓缩物要求将ACPI研磨至所需粒度。此外,悬浮浓缩物配制剂通常使得ACPI的活性降低,因为活性成分颗粒由于具有通常在几微米范围内的粒度以及具有低水溶性而呈现降低的生物利用率。
对于其中活性成分以聚合物-活性成分颗粒形式存在的含水活性成分组合物已经有许多描述。这类活性成分组合物在下文也称为聚合/活性成分组合物。对于聚合物/活性成分组合物要求在其中活性成分颗粒被水不溶性聚合物的薄壳包围的那些组合物(微囊包封的活性成分)和其中活性成分以分布形式存在于颗粒状聚合物基体中的那些组合物之间的基本区分。尽管前者具有在微米范围内的较大颗粒直径且因此通常仅确保活性成分的较低生物利用率,但仍存在其中将活性成分嵌入聚合物颗粒的聚合物基体中的已知纳米分散体。后者主要通过单体/活性成分乳液的自由基水乳液聚合制备,所得聚合物-活性成分分散体的粒度通常不超过300nm。
US 3,400,093公开了呈聚合物水分散体形式的含有杀虫剂的含水活性成分组合物,所述水分散体通过乳液聚合烯属不饱和单体而制备,用于聚合的单体以溶解形式包含水不溶性杀虫活性成分。其中所述含有杀虫剂的聚合物分散体用于生产水基涂料如乳胶漆并因此用来确保涂层具有杀虫性。
EP 1230855描述了具有延迟的活性成分释放的含水活性成分组合物,其中活性成分嵌入由互穿聚合物链的网络构成的微凝胶颗粒中。活性成分组合物制备起来较为昂贵和不便,因为首先聚合活性成分/单体乳液,然后在作为中间体形成的聚合物-活性成分悬浮液中按照进料方法进行乳液聚合。在其中所述含水活性成分组合物中聚合物-活性成分颗粒的平均粒度远远低于250nm。
WO 2005/102044描述了含水活性成分组合物,其包含至少一种嵌入平均粒度通过动态光散射测定小于300nm的细碎聚合物中的在25°C/1013毫巴下的水溶性不超过5g/l的有机杀真菌活性成分,其中聚合物主要由在25°C下的水溶性不超过30g/l的烯属不饱和单体构成。这些活性成分组合物适合保护木材以防木材损害性真菌。
WO 2006/094792公开了类似于WO 2005/102044中所述活性成分组合物的含水活性成分组合物,其包含至少一种在25°C/1013毫巴下的水溶性不超过5g/l的有机杀虫活性成分,其中聚合物-活性成分颗粒具有阳离子性表面电荷。这些活性成分组合物适合保护木材以防木材损害性昆虫。
WO 2006/015791描述了一种通过在固体活性成分颗粒的含水悬浮液中进行多步乳液聚合方法制备含水活性成分组合物的方法,该组合物包含至少一种在25°C/1013毫巴下的水溶性不超过5g/l的有机ACPI,例如杀虫、杀真菌、杀螨或除草活性成分。以此方式得到颗粒直径优选小于300nm的聚合物-活性成分颗粒的水分散体,其中颗粒状活性成分由乳液聚合物包封。当然,该方法限于具有高熔点的有机ACPI,因为乳液聚合中所用含水活性成分悬浮液通过研磨方法制备。建议将这些活性成分组合物用于保护木材以防木材损害性寄生虫。
对于许多应用如种子处理而言,例如必须用其他活性成分和/或其他辅助剂如助剂或增稠剂配制上述种类含水聚合物/活性成分组合物。申请人自己的研究现已表明当将由现有技术已知的含水聚合物/活性成分组合物掺入适合销售的形式时,通常分离成聚合物/活性成分相和水相,和/或聚合物/活性成分组合物的储存期限,特别是在较高温度下的储存期限或者由其制备的配制剂的储存期限并不令人满意。这些问题尤其在得到的配制剂包括增稠剂,尤其是基于阴离子多糖的那些时发生。
因此,本发明的目的是提供低水溶性有机ACPI的活性成分组合物,其不具有现有技术的缺点或者仅具有较小程度的现有技术缺点。更具体而言,目的是提供具有低熔点的有机ACPI的活性成分组合物。惊人地发现这些和其他目的由在下文更详细定义的含水活性成分组合物实现。
因此,本发明涉及含水活性成分组合物,其中一种或多种活性成分以细碎聚合物-活性成分颗粒的水分散体形式存在,所述颗粒包含至少一种水不溶性聚合物P、至少一种表面活性物质和至少一种存在于聚合物颗粒中且在25°C/101.325hPa下具有的水溶性不超过5g/l的有机作物保护活性成分,其中聚合物-活性成分颗粒具有的平均颗粒直径由动态光散射测定为300-1200nm,优选310-1000nm,更特别地为320-800nm,聚合物P为烯属不饱和单体M的聚合物,所述单体M基于聚合物P的构成单体M的总量包含0.1-10重量%,更具体为0.2-7重量%,尤其是0.3-5重量%至少一种选自单烯属不饱和磺酸、单烯属不饱和膦酸和单烯属不饱和磷酸单酯及其盐的单烯属不饱和化合物M2,其中以重量%表示的量基于单体M2的酸形式。
本发明的聚合物-活性成分组合物的特征是高稳定性且可以没有问题地转化成适合施用的形式而不分离。本发明含水活性成分组合物尤其适合与常规含水悬浮浓缩物共同配制和/或用增稠剂,尤其是选自阴离子多糖的增稠剂配制。
在本发明含水活性成分组合物中,至少一种有机ACPI基本以在内聚相(coherent phase)中分散的聚合物-活性成分颗粒形式存在。不受理论束缚,假定该至少一种ACPI基于该ACPI的总量至少90重量%以在聚合物颗粒中分布的形式存在。活性成分在聚合物颗粒内的分布可以是均相或非均相的,其中ACPI估计主要以分子分散分布存在,即作为ACPI在聚合物P中的溶液存在。
在聚合物颗粒内,活性成分的分布可能是均匀的。或者聚合物颗粒可以具有活性成分浓度不同的区域。此时,高活性成分浓度的区域和低活性成分浓度的区域可以具有核/壳排列(核-壳形态)或者可以以液滴形或球形区域的形式存在(半月形态),它们部分互穿或者任选嵌入基体中或排列在聚合物基体上(黑莓或树莓形态)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,聚合物颗粒具有高活性成分浓度的区域和低活性成分浓度的区域,前者排列在聚合物颗粒的外部区域中且后者排列在内部区域中。例如,更高浓度的区域形成围绕具有更低活性成分浓度的核的连续或多孔壳,或者更高浓度的区域形成液滴或球,其主要量排列在具有更低浓度的核区域上或在该核区域表面处嵌入所述区域中。
此外,本发明含水活性成分组合物还可以包含一种或多种不同于聚合物-活性成分颗粒中所存在的ACPI且不存在于聚合物颗粒中的其他ACPI。
聚合物-活性成分颗粒包含至少一种由聚合的烯属不饱和单体M构成的水不溶性聚合物P和有机ACPI。水不溶性聚合物P和至少一种ACPI通常占聚合物-活性成分颗粒的至少95重量%,更具体为至少98重量%。在除了存在于聚合物-活性成分颗粒中的有机ACPI外不包含其他低水溶性成分(实例是低水溶性ACPI)的本发明含水组合物的情况下,水不溶性聚合物P和该至少一种ACPI占本发明活性成分组合物的水不溶性成分的至少95重量%,更具体为至少98重量%。
该至少一种有机ACPI通常占含水活性成分组合物中聚合物-活性成分颗粒总重量的1-50重量%,更具体为10-40重量%。水不溶性聚合物P的比例基于聚合物-活性成分颗粒的总重量通常为50-99重量%,更具体为60-90重量%。
本发明含水活性成分组合物包含分散在水相中的聚合物-活性成分颗粒形式的活性成分。按照本发明,聚合物-活性成分颗粒具有的平均颗粒直径(重均)通过动态光散射测定为300-1200nm,优选310-1000nm,更具体为320-800nm。就此而言,已经证明有利的是颗粒直径至多为200nm(粒度分布的D10)的聚合物-活性成分颗粒比例基于活性成分组合物中聚合物-活性成分颗粒的总量小于10重量%。
本文对聚合物-活性成分颗粒所示粒度/颗粒直径或颗粒半径颗粒是可以借助也已知为准弹性光散射(QELS)的光子相关光谱法(PCS)或动态光散射测定的直径。平均颗粒直径构成累积分析的平均值(拟合平均值(mean offit))。该“拟合平均值”是强度加权的平均颗粒直径(nm),对应于重均颗粒直径。测量方法描述于ISO 13321标准中。此外,用于该目的的方法对熟练技术人员而言由相关技术文献,例如由H.Wiese,D.Distler,Polymerdispersionen,Wiley-VCH 1999,第4.2.1节,第40页以及随后各页及其中所引用的文献,还有H.Auweter,D.Horn,J.Colloid Interf.Sci.105(1985)399,D.Lilge,D.Horn,Colloid Polym.Sci.269(1991)704或H.Wiese,D.Horn,J.Chem.Phys.94(1991)6429熟知。本文所示颗粒直径涉及在20°C和101.325hPa下对0.001-1重量%分散体测定的值。平均颗粒直径的测定也可以使用粒度分布分析仪(PSDA,Varian DeutschlandGmbH)以2号(标准)墨盒借助流体动力学色谱法(HDC)在波长为254nm下进行(测量温度为23°C且测量时间为480秒)。
本发明活性成分组合物中存在的聚合物-活性成分颗粒包含至少一种由聚合的烯属不饱和单体M构成的水不溶性聚合物。就聚合物P而言水不溶性是指在大气压力(101.325hPa)和0-100°C的温度下,聚合物P在没有分解下不溶于水中。
这种低溶解性以已知方式由聚合物P的构成单体M确保,后者因此用于制备聚合物P,基于单体M的总量主要包含通常为至少70重量%,常常为至少80重量%,更具体为至少90重量%的一种或多种其水溶性在25°C和101.325hPa以及pH为7下不超过50g/l,更具体为不超过30g/l的数值的非离子中性单烯属不饱和单体M',其中这些单体M'的一部分,但优选基于单体M'的总量不超过50重量%,更具体为不超过30重量%可以被本身具有更高水溶性的丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈替代。
因此,聚合物P的构成单体M通常包含:-70-99.9重量%,常常为80-99.8重量%或80-99.7重量%,更具体为90-99.7重量%或90-99.5重量%的至少一种在25°C和101.325hPa下的水溶性不超过50g/l,更具体为不超过30g/l的中性单烯属不饱和单体M'或这些单体M′中的一种或多种与丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈的混合物;-0.1-10重量%,常常为0.2-7重量%,更具体为0.3-5重量%的至少一种单烯属不饱和单体M2,其选自单烯属不饱和磺酸、单烯属不饱和膦酸和单烯属不饱和磷酸单酯以及其盐,其中以重量%表示的数值基于游离酸;以及任选地
-0-29.9重量%,常常为0-19.8重量%或0.1-19.8重量%,更具体为0-9.7重量%或0.2-9.7重量%的一种或多种不同于单体M'和M2的单体M3;其中所有以重量%表示的数值基于聚合物的构成单体M的总重量。
这里和下文所用术语“单烯属不饱和”是指相应单体具有一个可聚合C=C双键,更具体为一个可在自由基水乳液聚合条件下聚合的C=C双键。
这里和下文所用前缀Cn-Cm规定了在每种情况下可能存在于如此限定的基团或用其表示的化合物中碳原子的可能数目的范围。
因此,例如C1-C20烷基或C1-C10烷基或C1-C4烷基表示具有1-20个或1-10个或1-4个碳原子的线性或支化饱和烷基。
因此,例如C5-C8链烷醇表示具有5-8个碳原子的一价脂环族醇,如环戊醇、环己醇、环庚醇、甲基环己醇或环辛醇。
因此,例如苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇分别表示苯基-或苯氧基取代的一价链烷醇,其中链烷醇结构部分具有1-4个碳原子。苯基-C1-C4链烷醇的实例是苄醇、1-苯基乙醇和2-苯基乙醇。苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的实例是2-苯氧基乙醇。
单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸例如表示具有3-6个碳原子的单烯属不饱和单羧酸,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基乙酸或巴豆酸。
单烯属不饱和C4-C6二羧酸例如表示具有4-6个碳原子的单烯属不饱和二羧酸,如马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸或柠康酸。
合适的单烯属不饱和单体M'实例是:
-单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的酯,更具体为丙烯酸的上述酯以及甲基丙烯酸的上述酯;
-单烯属不饱和C4-C6二羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的二酯,更具体为马来酸的上述酯;
-乙烯基芳族烃,如苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、叔丁基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯等,更具体为苯乙烯;
-饱和脂族C2-C18单羧酸的乙烯基、烯丙基和甲代烯丙基酯;和
-具有2-20个碳原子的α-烯烃,还有共轭二烯烃如丁二烯和异戊二烯。
单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的酯的实例尤其是丙烯酸的酯如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-丁基酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸3-丙基庚基酯、丙烯酸癸基酯、丙烯酸月桂基酯、丙烯酸硬脂基酯、丙烯酸环己基酯、丙烯酸苄基酯、丙烯酸2-苯基乙基酯、丙烯酸1-苯基乙基酯、丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙基酯,还有甲基丙烯酸的酯如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丁基酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、甲基丙烯酸癸基酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂基酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂基酯、甲基丙烯酸环己基酯、甲基丙烯酸苄基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-苯基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸1-苯基乙基酯和甲基丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙基酯。
单烯属不饱和C4-C6二羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的二酯的实例尤其是马来酸的二酯和富马酸的二酯,更具体为马来酸二-C1-C20烷基酯和富马酸二-C1-C20烷基酯,如马来酸二甲酯、马来酸二乙酯、马来酸二正丁酯、富马酸二甲酯、富马酸二乙酯和富马酸二正丁酯。
饱和脂族C2-C18单羧酸的乙烯基、烯丙基和甲代烯丙基酯实例是乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、己酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯和硬脂酸乙烯酯,还有相应的烯丙基和甲代烯丙基酯。
具有2-20个碳原子的α-烯烃实例是乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、二异丁烯等。
在单体M′中,优选单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸的酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的酯,单烯属不饱和C4-C6二羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的二酯,以及乙烯基芳族烃,尤其是苯乙烯。
在单体M′中,特别优选单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸的酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与C1-C20链烷醇的酯,以及乙烯基芳族烃,尤其是苯乙烯。
在单体M′中,非常特别优选丙烯酸与C2-C10链烷醇的酯(=丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯),甲基丙烯酸与C1-C10链烷醇的酯(=甲基丙烯酸C1-C10烷基酯),以及乙烯基芳族烃,尤其是苯乙烯。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,单体M'选自甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯,苯乙烯,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与苯乙烯的混合物,苯乙烯与丙烯酸酯C2-C10烷基的混合物,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物以及甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与苯乙烯和丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物。
在本发明的一个非常特别优选的实施方案中,单体M'选自甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯的混合物,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物,以及甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯和丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物,其中甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯的比例基于单体M'的总量为至少50重量%。
单体M2的实例如下:
-其中磺酸基团与脂族烃基及其盐连接的单烯属不饱和磺酸,如乙烯基磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、甲代烯丙基磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、2-甲基丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基乙烷磺酸、2-甲基丙烯酰胺基乙烷磺酸、2-丙烯酰氧基乙烷磺酸、2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙烷磺酸、3-丙烯酰氧基丙烷磺酸和2-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙烷磺酸,及其盐,
-乙烯基芳族磺酸,即其中磺酸基团与芳族烃基,更具体为苯基环连接的单烯属不饱和磺酸,及其盐,如苯乙烯磺酸如2-、3-或4-乙烯基苯磺酸及其盐,
-其中膦酸基团与脂族烃基连接的单烯属不饱和膦酸及其盐,如乙烯基膦酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷膦酸、2-甲基丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷膦酸、2-丙烯酰胺基乙烷膦酸、2-甲基丙烯酰胺基乙烷膦酸、2-丙烯酰氧基乙烷膦酸、2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙烷膦酸、3-丙烯酰氧基丙烷膦酸和2-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙烷膦酸及其盐,
-单烯属不饱和磷酸单酯,更具体为磷酸与丙烯酸羟基-C2-C4烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸羟基-C2-C4烷基酯的单酯,例如磷酸2-丙烯酰氧基乙基酯、磷酸2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基酯、磷酸3-丙烯酰氧基丙基酯、磷酸3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基酯、磷酸4-丙烯酰氧基丁基酯和磷酸4-甲基丙烯酰氧基丁基酯,及其盐。
当单体M2以其盐形式存在时,它们具有对应的阳离子作为抗衡离子。合适阳离子的实例是碱金属阳离子如Na+或K+,碱土金属离子如Ca2+和Mg2+,以及铵离子如NH4 +,四烷基铵阳离子如四甲基铵、四乙基铵和四丁基铵,还有质子化伯、仲和叔胺,更具体为带有1、2或3个选自C1-C20烷基和羟基乙基的基团的那些,例如单-、二-和三丁基胺、丙基胺、二异丙基胺、己基胺、十二烷基胺、油基胺、硬脂基胺、乙氧基化油基胺、乙氧基化硬脂基胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺或N,N-二甲基乙醇胺的质子化形式。优选碱金属盐。
在单体M2中,优选单烯属不饱和磺酸及其盐,更具体为其碱金属盐。在单体M2中,特别优选乙烯基芳族磺酸,更具体为苯乙烯磺酸以及尤其是4-乙烯基苯磺酸,以及它们的盐,更具体为其碱金属盐。
单体M3的实例是:
-具有至少2个,例如2、3或4个烯属不饱和双键且优选为非离子性的烯属不饱和单体(下面称为单体M3a),
-水溶性在25°C下为至少50g/l,更具体在25°C下为至少100g/l的单烯属不饱和中性单体(下面称为单体M3b);以及
-单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸和C4-C8二羧酸(下面称为单体M3c),例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、马来酸、富马酸或衣康酸。
单体M3a的实例如下:
-不饱和一元醇如烯丙醇、1-丁烯-3-醇、5-己烯-1-醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、9-癸烯-1-醇、二环戊烯基醇、10-十一碳烯-1-醇、肉桂醇、香茅醇、巴豆醇或顺式-9-十八碳烯-1-醇与上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸之一的酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯,尤其是烯丙基酯如丙烯酸烯丙基酯和甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯,
-上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸与脂族或脂环族二醇或多元醇的二-、三-和四酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与脂族或脂环族二醇或多元醇的二-、三-和四酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与二元醇的二酯,二元醇的实例是链烷醇,如1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丁-2-烯-1,4-二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,2-己二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,2-十二烷二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2,5-二甲基-1,3-己二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、1,2-环己二醇、1,4-环己二醇、1,4-二(羟基甲基)环己烷、羟基新戊酸的单新戊二醇酯、2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-二[4-(2-羟基丙基)苯基]丙烷、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、四丙二醇、3-硫杂-1,5-戊二醇,在每种情况下分子量为200-10000的聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四氢呋喃,还有丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与多元醇如三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、季戊四醇、1,2,5-戊三醇、1,2,6-己三醇、氰脲酸、脱水山梨醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖或甘露糖的二-、三-和四酯;
-上述不饱和一元醇,更具体为烯丙醇与二元羧酸如丙二酸、酒石酸、偏苯三酸、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、柠檬酸或琥珀酸的二酯;
-具有至少两个在脂族烃情况下不能共轭的烯属不饱和双键的线性、支化或环状脂族或芳族烃,例如二乙烯基苯、二乙烯基甲苯、1,7-辛二烯、1,9-癸二烯、4-乙烯基-1-环己烯或三乙烯基环己烷;
-至少双官能胺的丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺和N-烯丙基胺。该类胺例如为1,2-二氨基乙烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,6-二氨基己烷、1,12-十二烷二胺、哌嗪、二亚乙基三胺或异佛尔酮二胺;以及
-脲衍生物、至少双官能酰胺、氰脲酸酯或氨基甲酸酯的N,N'-二乙烯基化合物,例如脲、亚乙基脲、亚丙基脲或酒石酸酰胺的N,N'-二乙烯基化合物,例如N,N'-二乙烯基亚乙基脲或N,N'-二乙烯基亚丙基脲。
在单体M3a中,优选不饱和一元醇与上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸之一的酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯,尤其是烯丙基酯如丙烯酸烯丙基酯和甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯,还有单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸与二元醇,尤其是C3-C10链烷二醇如1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丁-2-烯-1,4-二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,2-己二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇或低聚亚烷基二醇如二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇或四丙二醇的二酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的二酯。在单体M3a中,特别优选单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸的烯丙基酯如丙烯酸烯丙基酯和甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯,还有丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与C3-C10链烷二醇的二酯,如1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯或1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯,以及丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与二甘醇、三甘醇或四甘醇的二酯。
作为单体M的一部分的单体M3a的比例基于单体M的总量通常不超过10重量%,更具体为不超过5重量%,尤其是不超过3重量%。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,单体M基于聚合物P的构成单体总量包含0.1-9.9重量%,更具体为0.2-4.8重量%,尤其是0.3-2.7重量%的一种或多种单体M3a,更具体为一种或多种标识为优选或特别优选的单体M3a。
单体M3b的实例如下:
-上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸的酰胺,更具体为丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰胺,
-上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸的羟基烷基酯,例如丙烯酸羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸2-和3-羟基丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-和3-羟基丙基酯,
-上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸和C4-C8二羧酸与聚C2-C4亚烷基二醇的单酯,更具体为这些羧酸与聚乙二醇或烷基聚乙二醇的酯,其中(烷基)聚乙二醇基团通常具有100-3000的分子量;
-脂族C1-C10羧酸的N-乙烯基酰胺,以及N-乙烯基内酰胺,如N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和N-乙烯基己内酰胺。
优选的单体M3b是上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸的酰胺,更具体为丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰胺,以及上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸的羟基烷基酯,例如丙烯酸羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸2-和3-羟基丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-和3-羟基丙基酯。
作为单体M的一部分的单体M3b的比例基于单体M的总量通常不超过10重量%,更具体为不超过5重量%。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,单体M不包含或基于聚合物P的构成单体总量包含小于0.1重量%的单体M3b。
优选的单体M3c是丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。
作为单体M的一部分的单体M3c的比例基于单体M的总量通常不超过5重量%,更具体为不超过3重量%。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,单体M不包含或基于聚合物P的构成单体总量包含小于0.1重量%的单体M3c。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,聚合物P的构成单体M包含:-70-99.9重量%,更具体为80-99.8重量%或80-99.7重量%,尤其是90-99.7重量%或90-99.5重量%的至少一种单体M1,其选自单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的酯,单烯属不饱和C4-C6二羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的二酯,乙烯基芳族烃类,这些单体的混合物,以及一种或多种这些单体与丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈的混合物,其中丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈的比例基于单体M1的总量优选不超过50重量%,更具体为不超过30重量%,尤其是不超过10重量%;
-0.1-10重量%,更具体为0.2-7重量%,尤其是0.3-5重量%的至少一种单烯属不饱和单体M2,更具体为优选或特别优选的单体M2之一,以及尤其是苯乙烯磺酸或其盐,其中以重量%表示的数值基于游离酸;以及任选地
-0-29.9重量%,常常为0-19.8重量%或0.1-19.8重量%,更具体为0-9.7重量%或0.2-9.7重量%的一种或多种不同于单体M1和M2且优选选自单体M3a、M3b和M3c,更具体选自单体M3a和单体M3a与一种或多种单体M3b和/或M3c的混合物的单体M3;
其中所有以重量%表示的数值基于该聚合物的构成单体M的总重量。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,聚合物P的构成单体M包含:-90-99.8重量%,更具体为90-99.6重量%,尤其是90-99.5重量%的至少一种单体M1,其选自单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的酯,单烯属不饱和C4-C6二羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的二酯,乙烯基芳族烃类,这些单体的混合物,以及一种或多种这些单体与丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈的混合物,其中丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈的比例基于单体M1的总量优选不超过50重量%,更具体为不超过30重量%,尤其是不超过10重量%;
-0.1-10重量%,更具体为0.2-7重量%,尤其是0.3-5重量%的至少一种单烯属不饱和单体M2,更具体为优选或特别优选的单体M2之一,以及尤其是苯乙烯磺酸或其盐,其中以重量%表示的数值基于游离酸;
-0.1-9.9重量%,更具体为0.2-4.8重量%,尤其是0.2-2.7重量%的一种或多种单体M3a;
-任选至多5重量%,更具体为小于0.1重量%的选自单体M3b和M3c的单烯属不饱和单体;
其中所有以重量%表示的数值基于该聚合物的构成单体M的总重量。
在这些优选和特别优选的实施方案中,单体M1优选选自单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇的酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与C1-C20链烷醇的酯,乙烯基芳族烃,尤其是苯乙烯,以及它们的混合物。更具体而言,单体M1选自丙烯酸与C2-C10链烷醇的酯、甲基丙烯酸与C1-C10链烷醇的酯,以及乙烯基芳族烃,尤其是苯乙烯,及其混合物。特别优选单体M1选自甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯,苯乙烯,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与苯乙烯的混合物,苯乙烯与丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物以及甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与苯乙烯和丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物。在本发明的一个非常特别优选的实施方案中,单体M1选自甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯的混合物,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物以及甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯和丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物,其中甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯基于单体M'总量的比例为至少50重量%。
在这些优选和特别优选的实施方案中,单体M3a优选选自如上作为优选或特别优选描述的单体M3a。
在这些优选和特别优选的实施方案中,单体M3b优选选自如上作为优选或特别优选描述的单体M3b。
在这些优选和特别优选的实施方案中,单体M3c优选选自如上作为优选或特别优选描述的单体M3c。
本发明活性成分组合物中存在的聚合物P通常具有-60°C至150°C的玻璃化转变温度。就此而言,已经证明有利的是本发明组合物中存在的聚合物P具有至少为0°C,优选至少50°C,更具体为至少70°C的玻璃化转变温度Tg。玻璃化转变温度尤其不超过150°C,更优选不超过120°C的值。然而,还合适的是其聚合物P具有的玻璃化转变温度低于0°C的活性成分组合物。当本发明活性成分组合物包含两种或更多种具有不同玻璃化转变温度的聚合物P时—不管是分段聚合物还是核-壳聚合物形式,包括具有黑莓、树莓或半月形态的多相聚合物,还是呈不同聚合物P的共混物形式—玻璃化转变温度为至少0°C,优选至少50°C,更具体为至少70°C的聚合物的比例优选为至少60重量%。
玻璃化转变温度Tg在这里是指按照ASTM D 3418-82通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)在10K/min的扫描速率下测定的在拐点处的温度(“中点温度”)(参见Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第5版,第A21卷,VCH Weinheim 1992,第169页以及Zosel,Farbe und Lack82(1976),第125-134页;还见DIN 53765)。或者可以借助动态力学分析(DMA)测定玻璃化转变温度Tg。
就此而言,已经证明有用的是估算共聚物P的玻璃化转变温度Tg。根据Fox(T.G.Fox,Bull.Am.Phys.Soc.(Ser.II)1,123[1956]和Ullmannsder technischen Chemie,Weinheim(1980),第17-18页),具有低交联度的共聚物的玻璃化转变温度在高摩尔质量下以良好近似由下列方程给出:
其中X1、X2、...、Xn为单体1、2、...、n的质量分数且Tg 1、Tg 2、...、Tg n为在每种情况下仅由单体1、2、...、n之一构成的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度,以K表示。后者例如由Ullmann's Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry,VCH,Weinheim,第A 21卷(1992),第169页或J.Brandrup,E.H.Immergut,Polymer Handbook,第3版,J.Wiley,New York 1989已知。
本发明活性成分组合物中存在的作物保护活性成分(ACPI)原则上可以选自用于作物保护的具有低水溶性的任何所需有机活性成分,其在25°C和101.325hPa(pH 4-9)下的水溶性不超过5g/l,常常不超过3g/l,更具体不超过1g/l。这些原则上包括用于作物保护的所有水不溶性或低水溶性有机活性成分,其选自杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、除草剂、杀线虫剂、杀贝剂和生长调节剂。这些种类的有机活性成分可以是液体或固体且它们通常具有的分子量为100-400道尔顿。优选非离子有机活性成分以及若含有碱性或酸性基团的话则以中性形式存在的活性成分。此外,有利的是活性成分在大气压力下不可挥发,即沸点或蒸发点大于180°C。
更具体在使用那些例如由于其低熔点和/或在低温下的油状稠度而难以在水中配制的低水溶性有机ACPI时体现出本发明的优点。因此,更具体在使用那些熔点不超过90°C,更具体不超过80°C或75°C的低水溶性有机ACPI或者使用没有熔点且在这些温度下具有油状稠度的活性成分时体现出本发明的优点。当活性成分可以以两种或更多种具有不同熔点的晶型存在时,这些晶型中的一种具有在所述限度内的熔点时也体现出该方法的优点。当活性成分混合物的熔点不超过90°C,更具体不超过80°C或75°C的值时对于活性成分混合物也体现出本发明的优点,并且对于没有熔点且在这些温度下具有油状稠度的活性成分混合物甚至当活性成分之一具有在这里所示限度以上的熔点时也体现出本发明的优点。
因此,本发明的一个实施方案涉及其中存在于聚合物颗粒中的低水溶性有机ACPI或活性成分混合物的熔点不超过90°C,更具体不超过80°C的值或不超过75°C或者没有熔点且在这些温度下具有油状稠度的那些含水活性成分组合物。
熔点低于90°C的ACPI实例是吡虫清(acetamiprid),苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)、环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、高效氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、精高效氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、抑霉唑(imazalil)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)和肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)。
因此,本发明的一个实施方案涉及其中存在于聚合物颗粒中的低水溶性有机ACPI选自如下的那些含水活性成分组合物:吡虫清、苯霜灵、精苯霜灵、环丙嘧啶、高效氟氯氰菊酯、精高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲体氯氰菊酯、环丙嘧啶、醚唑、丁苯吗啉、抑霉唑、环戊唑醇、氯菊酯、丙氯灵、唑菌胺酯、硅噻菌胺、氟醚唑和肟菌酯及其混合物。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,在聚合物-活性成分颗粒中的ACPI是丙氯灵。丙氯灵是选自杀真菌剂的低熔点有机ACPI并且本身不能稳定配制成含水悬浮浓缩物。迄今为止将丙氯灵稳定配制成含水悬浮浓缩物的唯一可能性是通过将丙氯灵与水溶性金属盐,优选氯化铜(II)共配制而将它转化成过渡金属盐配合物,优选用氯化铜(II)。然而,对应用而言,过渡金属盐的使用是不希望的。因此,通过本发明可以避免以其过渡金属盐配合物,特别是其氯化铜(II)配合物形式使用丙氯灵以及使用过渡金属盐,尤其是铜盐来制备丙氯灵的稳定含水悬浮液。
为了稳定分散在其中的聚合物-活性成分颗粒,本发明含水活性成分组合物包含至少一种表面活性物质,其通常为阴离子性或非离子性的。该类物质包括阴离子和非离子乳化剂以及阴离子和非离子保护性胶体或稳定剂。与保护性胶体截然不同的是,乳化剂是指其分子量(数均)通常低于2000g/mol,尤其低于1500g/mol的表面活性物质。保护性胶体则通常为水溶性聚合物,其数均分子量大于2000g/mol,尤其为2000-100000g/mol,例如尤其为5000-50000g/mol。应理解的是保护性胶体和乳化剂可以以混合物使用。
在稳定聚合物-活性成分颗粒时所用表面活性物质的量基于100重量%聚合物P或基于100重量%该聚合物的构成单体M通常为0.1-10重量%,优选0.2-5重量%。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明含水活性成分组合物包含至少一种阴离子表面活性物质,更具体为至少一种阴离子乳化剂,尤其是至少一种具有至少一个经由碳原子或氧原子连接的SO3X基团的阴离子乳化剂,其中X例如为氢或合适的抗衡离子,如碱金属、碱土金属或铵阳离子。乳化剂通常不可聚合,即它们不含可以在自由基聚合中聚合的烯属不饱和基团。然而,一些或所有乳化剂可以是可聚合的。该类可聚合乳化剂包含烯属不饱和基团且为非离子或阴离子乳化剂。可聚合的非离子乳化剂优选选自链烯醇的C2-C3烷氧基化物,更具体为丙-2-烯-1-醇的C2-C3烷氧基化物,以及单烯属不饱和单羧酸或二羧酸与聚-C2-C3亚烷基醚的单酯,其中烷氧基化程度在每种情况下为3-100。可聚合阴离子乳化剂优选选自上述非离子可聚合乳化剂的相应硫酸和磷酸单酯。
不可聚合的阴离子乳化剂通常包括通常具有至少10个碳原子,例如10-20个碳原子的脂族羧酸及其盐,更具体为它们的铵盐和碱金属盐;通常具有至少6个碳原子,例如6-30个碳原子的脂族、芳脂族和芳族磺酸,以及它们的盐,更具体为其铵盐和碱金属盐;乙氧基化链烷醇和烷基酚的硫酸单酯,以及它们的盐,更具体为其铵盐和碱金属盐;还有烷基、芳烷基和芳基磷酸盐,包括链烷醇和烷基酚的磷酸单酯。
按照本发明优选的阴离子乳化剂的实例是如下化合物的盐,更具体为碱金属盐和铵盐:
-磺基琥珀酸的二烷基酯(烷基:各自为C4-C12),如磺基琥珀酸二丁基酯、磺基琥珀酸二己基酯、磺基琥珀酸二辛基酯、磺基琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯或磺基琥珀酸二癸基酯,
-烷基硫酸盐(烷基:C8-C18)如月桂基硫酸盐、异十三烷基硫酸盐或鲸蜡基硫酸盐、硬脂基硫酸盐;
-乙氧基化链烷醇的硫酸单酯(EO程度:2-30,烷基:C10-C18),如(聚)乙氧基化月桂醇、(聚)乙氧基化异十三烷醇、(聚)乙氧基化肉豆蔻醇、(聚)乙氧基化鲸蜡醇、(聚)乙氧基化硬脂醇的硫酸盐,
-乙氧基化烷基酚的硫酸单酯(EO程度:2-30,烷基:C4-C18),
-烷基磺酸(烷基:C8-C18)如月桂基磺酸盐和异十三烷基磺酸盐,
-单-、二-和三烷基芳基磺酸(烷基:C4-C18),如二丁基萘基磺酸盐、枯基磺酸盐、辛基苯磺酸盐、壬基苯磺酸盐、十二烷基苯磺酸盐和十三烷基苯磺酸盐,
-二-或三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化物的硫酸单酯(EO程度:2-30);
-磷酸的单酯和二酯,包括其与对应三酯的混合物,更具体为其与C8-C22链烷醇、(聚)乙氧基化C8-C22链烷醇、C4-C22烷基酚、(聚)乙氧基化C4-C22烷基酚或(聚)乙氧基化二-或三苯乙烯基酚的酯。
合适阴离子乳化剂的实例还有如下所示通式A的化合物:
其中R1和R2为氢或C4-C14烷基且不同时为氢,以及X和Y为合适的阳离子,实例是碱金属离子和/或铵离子。优选R1和R2为氢或具有6-18个碳原子,更具体为6、12或16个碳原子的线性或支化烷基,以及R1和R2不同时为氢。X和Y优选为钠、钾或铵离子,特别优选钠。特别有利的化合物是其中X和Y为钠,R1为具有12个碳原子的支化烷基且R2为氢或具有对R1所示的非氢定义之一的那些。通常使用单烷基化产物比例为50-90重量%的工业混合物,实例是2A1(the Dow Chemical Company的商标)。
合适的非离子乳化剂通常为在烷基中具有8-36个碳原子,更具体为10-22个碳原子的乙氧基化链烷醇,以及通常在烷基中具有4-12个碳原子的乙氧基化单-、二-和三烷基酚,其中乙氧基化链烷醇和烷基酚通常具有3-50的乙氧基化程度。
其他合适的乳化剂例如在Houben-Weyl,Methoden der organischenChemie,第14/1卷,Makromolekulare Stoffe,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1961,第192-208页中找到。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,该至少一种表面活性物质选自至少一种阴离子乳化剂,尤其选自上述阴离子乳化剂中的至少一种以及至少一种阴离子乳化剂与一种或多种不同于阴离子乳化剂的其他表面活性物质的组合,更具体选自不同阴离子乳化剂的组合以及至少一种阴离子乳化剂与至少一种非离子乳化剂的组合。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,该至少一种表面活性物质包括至少一种式A的化合物,优选与一种或多种不同于化合物A的其他表面活性物质组合,更具体与一种或多种不同于化合物A的其他阴离子乳化剂组合,并且尤其与磺基琥珀酸二烷基酯的盐(烷基:各自为C4-C12)组合。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,该至少一种表面活性物质选自至少一种式A化合物以及至少一种式A化合物与一种或多种不同于化合物A的其他表面活性物质的组合,更具体为与一种或多种不同于化合物A的其他阴离子乳化剂的组合,尤其是与磺基琥珀酸二烷基酯的盐(烷基:各自为C4-C12)的组合。
除了上述表面活性物质外,本发明含水活性成分组合物也可以包含常用于含水作物保护配制剂中且用于改变含水活性成分组合物的性能特征而不必稳定聚合物-活性成分颗粒或若本发明含水活性成分组合物以悬浮形式包含一种或多种其他ACPI则用于稳定活性成分颗粒的其他表面活性物质。
该类其他表面活性物质同样优选选自非离子和阴离子乳化剂以及保护性胶体。
该其他阴离子表面活性物质除了上述阴离子表面活性物质外还尤其包括下列:
-具有至少一个SO3 -或PO3 2-基团的聚合阴离子表面活性物质,实例是芳基磺酸如萘磺酸和苯酚磺酸与甲醛和任选与脲的缩合物,木素磺酸、木素亚硫酸盐废液或木素磺酸盐(ligninsulfonate)及其盐;
-具有至少一个羧酸化物基团的非聚合阴离子表面活性物质,实例是脂肪酸如硬脂酸盐,还有N-C6-C22酰基谷氨酸盐和N-C6-C22酰基肌氨酸及其盐,
-具有至少一个羧酸化物基团的聚合阴离子表面活性物质及其盐,例如
-具有与聚合物骨架相连的羧酸化物基团和聚氧乙烯基团的阴离子接枝共聚物或梳状共聚物,更具体为由如下单体构成的共聚物:(i)单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸或C4-C8二羧酸如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或马来酸,(ii)至少一种具有经由醚或酯基与烯属不饱和基团连接的低聚氧化乙烯或聚氧化乙烯基团的单烯属不饱和单体,更具体为低聚氧化乙烯或聚氧化乙烯与单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯,以及任选地(iii)一种或多种在25°C和101.325hPa下的水溶性不超过60g/l的疏水性单体,实例是由甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚氧乙烯单甲基醚与甲基丙烯酸的酯构成的梳状共聚物,例如CAS号为1000934-04-1的共聚物,其作为市购,或CAS号为119724-54-8的共聚物,其作为市购;
-由(i)单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸或C4-C8二羧酸和(ii)在25°C和101.325hPa下的水溶性不超过60g/l且更具体选自烯烃和苯乙烯的疏水性单体构成的阴离子共聚物,实例是马来酸酐/烯烃共聚物。
其他非离子表面活性物质除了上述非离子表面活性物质外还尤其包括下列:
-非离子乳化剂如脂肪胺烷氧基化物,聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯,蓖麻油烷氧基化物,脂肪酸烷氧基化物,脂肪酸酰胺烷氧基化物,脂肪酸聚二乙醇酰胺,羊毛脂乙氧基化物,脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯,异十三烷醇,脂肪酸酰胺,烷基聚糖苷和甘油脂肪酸酯;
-非离子保护性胶体如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇嵌段共聚物、聚乙二醇烷基醚、聚丙二醇烷基醚、聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇醚嵌段共聚物及其混合物。
表面活性物质的总量基于含水活性成分组合物的总重量通常为0.1-20重量%,优选0.2-10重量%。
本发明的优点尤其体现在要用增稠剂配制或包含增稠剂的本发明那些活性成分组合物中。增稠剂是与不含该类增稠剂的含水活性成分组合物相比提高该含水活性成分组合物的粘度的物质。已知提高水分散体粘度的增稠剂实例是多糖,水溶性合成聚合物如具有低交联度的聚丙烯酸(INCI名称:Carbomer),聚(2-丙烯酰胺基甲基丙烷磺酸),还有高度分散硅石和页硅酸盐,尤其是天然或改性粘土矿物,例如硅酸钠锂镁、蒙脱土、硅镁土等,它们任选被有机改性。
因此,本发明尤其涉及包含至少一种增稠剂,更具体为至少一种选自多糖增稠剂的增稠剂的含水活性成分组合物。
本发明的优点尤其体现在选自多糖增稠剂的那些增稠剂中。这些包括改性纤维素和改性淀粉,尤其是纤维素醚如甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟基丙基纤维素、甲基羟丙基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素,天然多糖如黄原胶,角叉菜胶,尤其是κ-角叉菜胶、λ-角叉菜胶或ι-角叉菜胶,藻酸盐,Guaran和琼脂,还有改性黄原胶如琥珀酰聚糖或改性角叉菜胶。优选多糖增稠剂,更具体为具有阴离子基团的那些如羧甲基纤维素、黄原胶、改性黄原胶、角叉菜胶、改性角叉菜胶和藻酸盐,尤其是黄原胶和改性黄原胶,实例是由Kelco以商品名销售和由Rhodia以商品名例如产品23、50MC、G、T和TG销售的黄原胶产品。
增稠剂的量可以在宽范围内变化且以本身已知的方式取决于所需粘度和增稠剂的性质。为了得到所需粘度而需要的增稠剂量可以由熟练技术人员通过常规试验确定。增稠剂在含水活性成分组合物中的浓度基于含水活性成分组合物的总重量通常为0.01-1重量%。
如在引言中已经提到的那样,本发明含水活性成分组合物尤其适合与可以在水中配制的ACPI共配制。本发明含水活性成分组合物更具体适合掺入ACPI的含水配制剂中。这产生除了一种或多种存在于聚合物颗粒中的活性成分外还包含一种或多种与一种或多种存在于聚合物颗粒中的活性成分不同的其他ACPI的含水活性成分组合物。因此,本发明的一个优选实施方案涉及如上所述的进一步包含至少一种其他有机ACPI的含水活性成分组合物。该其他ACPI若充分可溶的话则可以在活性成分组合物的水相中呈溶液,或者若具有低水溶性的话则可以呈悬浮形式,即呈悬浮颗粒形式。
当存在时,本发明活性成分组合物通常基于该配制剂的总重量以0.5-55重量%,更具体为1-50重量%的量包含该至少一种其他ACPI。
除了在聚合物颗粒中的ACPI外,合适的可以存在于本发明活性成分组合物中的其他ACPI原则上是已知可以含水配制的所有适合作物保护的有机或无机活性成分。它们例如可以选自杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、除草剂、杀线虫剂、杀贝剂和生长调节剂。该其他活性成分优选为可以呈液体或固体且通常具有100-400道尔顿的分子量的有机ACPI。有利的是该其他ACPI在大气压力下不挥发,即沸点或蒸发点大于180°C。
合适的其他活性成分实例是上述ACPI并且额外还有:选自如下的杀真菌剂:
●唑类,尤其是选自如下的那些:
-三唑类杀真菌剂,例如戊环唑(azaconazole)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯唑醇M(diniconazole-M)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、环戊唑醇、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、oxpoconazole、多效唑(paclobutrazole)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)或烯效唑(uniconazole);
-咪唑类杀真菌剂,例如氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、抑霉唑、抑霉唑硫酸盐(imazalil sulfate)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)或氟菌唑(triflumizole);
-苯并咪唑类,例如苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazoles)或涕必灵(thiabendazole);
●嗜球果伞素类,例如腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、丁香菌酯(coumoxystrobin)、甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯、pyrametostrobin、唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、pyribencarb、肟菌酯、2-[2-(2,5-二甲基苯氧基甲基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯或2-(2-(3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-1-甲基亚烯丙基氨基氧甲基)苯基)-2-甲氧亚氨基-N-甲基乙酰胺;
●羧酰胺类,尤其选自如下:
-羧酰苯胺类,例如苯霜灵、精苯霜灵、麦锈灵(benodanil)、bixafen、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、呋菌胺(fenfuram)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、isopyrazam、异噻菌胺(isotianil)、kiralaxyl、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、霜灵(oxadixyl)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、penflufen、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、sedaxane、叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、2-氨基-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、N-(4'-三氟甲硫基联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、或N-(2-(1,3,3-三甲基丁基)苯基)-1,3-二甲基-5-氟-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
-羧酸吗啉化物,例如烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph)和丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph);
-苯甲酰胺类,例如氟联苯菌(flumetover)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)或苯酰菌胺(zoxamid);
-其他羧酰胺类,例如氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、双炔酰菌胺(mandiproamid)、土霉素(oxytetracycline)、硅噻菌胺或N-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)环丙烷甲酰胺;
●吡啶类,例如氟啶胺(fluazinam)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2,3-二甲基异唑烷-3-基]吡啶或3-[5-(4-甲基苯基)-2,3-二甲基异唑烷-3-基]吡啶;
●嘧啶类,例如磺嘧菌灵(bupirimat)、环丙嘧啶、二氟林(diflumetorim)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、氯草定(nitrapyrine)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)或二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil);
●三唑并嘧啶类,例如ametoctradin;
●哌嗪类,例如嗪氨灵(triforine);
●吗啉类,例如4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、吗菌灵乙酸酯(dodemorph acetate)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)或克啉菌(tridemorph);
●哌啶类类,例如苯锈啶(fenpropidin);
●硫代-和二硫代氨基甲酸酯类,例如福美铁(ferbam)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、威百亩(metam)、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福美双(thiram)、代森锌(zineb)或福美锌(ziram);以及
●甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)。
选自如下的杀虫剂:
●烟碱受体激动剂/拮抗剂化合物(CNI),例如杀虫磺(bensultap)、杀螟丹(cartap)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、吡虫清、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、杀虫环(thiocyclam)、杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)、艾克敌105(spinosad)、乙基多杀菌素(spinetoram)或1-(2-氯噻唑-5-基甲基)-2-硝酰亚氨基(nitrimino)-3,5-二甲基-[1,3,5]三嗪烷(triazinane);
●合成除虫菊酯类,例如丙烯除虫菊(allethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、(RS)氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、甲体氯氰菊酯、乙体氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、氯菊酯、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、除虫菊(pyrethrin)I和II、灭虫菊(resmethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)或四氟甲醚菊酯(dimefluthrin);
●苯基吡唑类杀虫剂,例如硫丹(endosulfane)、乙虫清(ethiprol)、锐劲特(fipronil)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprol)、pyrafluprol、pyriprol或5-氨基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-甲基苯基)-4-亚磺酰氨酰基(sulfinamoyl)-1H-吡唑-3-硫代甲酰胺;以及
●邻氨基苯甲酰胺(Anthranilamide)化合物,如氯虫酰胺(chloranthraniliprole)、氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)或氯虫苯甲酰胺(rynaxypyr)。
在一个优选的实施方案中,该其他ACPI具有低水溶性,优选在25°C和101.325hPa下的水溶性不超过5g/l,更具体为不超过3g/l,尤其不超过1g/l。在该含水活性成分组合物中,该类活性成分以悬浮形式存在,即以悬浮颗粒形式存在。该其他ACPI的悬浮颗粒的平均颗粒直径通常为800nm至50μm,更具体为1-20μm,尤其是1.2-10μm,优选小于10重量%的该其他活性成分颗粒具有超过50μm的粒度,更具体小于10重量%的该其他活性成分颗粒具有大于20μm的粒度。
在一个优选实施方案中,该其他ACPI具有至少50°C,更具体为至少70°C,更具体为至少80°C的熔点。
优选其他活性成分的实例如下:唑菌胺酯、氟唑菌酰胺、啶酰菌胺、烯酰吗啉、甲霜灵、戊叉唑菌、环戊唑菌、喹唑菌酮、二甲嘧菌胺、甲基托布津、锐劲特、甲体氯氰菊酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫嗪(thiametoxam)、噻虫胺和吡虫啉。
优选的活性成分组合如下表所示:
序号 | 聚合物颗粒中的活性成分 | 其他活性成分 |
1 | 丙氯灵 | 戊叉唑菌 |
2 | 丙氯灵 | 唑菌胺酯 |
序号 | 聚合物颗粒中的活性成分 | 其他活性成分 |
3 | 丙氯灵 | 唑菌胺酯+戊叉唑菌 |
4 | 丙氯灵 | 二甲嘧菌胺+戊叉唑菌 |
上述活性成分组合可以进一步包含一种或多种在本发明活性成分组合物的水相中以悬浮液、乳液或溶液存在的ACPI。
此外,本发明活性成分组合物当然包含其中聚合物-活性成分颗粒呈悬浮液或分散体且任选地一种或多种其他活性成分呈悬浮液或分散体、乳液或溶液的水相。
聚合物-活性成分颗粒在水相中的量基于该活性成分组合物的总重量通常为10-60重量%。当本发明活性成分组合物以悬浮活性成分颗粒形式包含一种或多种具有低水溶性的其他活性成分时,聚合物-活性成分颗粒和该至少一种其他活性成分的总量基于该含水活性成分组合物的总重量不超过60重量%。
水相包含表面活性物质和任选以溶解形式存在的增稠剂并且可以进一步以溶解或悬浮或乳化形式包含常规添加剂。该类添加剂的实例除了用于稳定聚合物-活性成分颗粒的上述表面活性物质外还有用于稳定任选悬浮的活性成分的表面活性物质、辅助剂、消泡剂、防腐剂(杀菌剂)、粘合剂或粘着剂或粘附剂、防冻剂、着色剂和调节pH的试剂。
用于稳定ACPI和/或任选其他ACPI的表面活性物质是常用于含水作物保护配制剂中的表面活性物质,所述物质已经如上所述。
合适消泡剂的实例包括聚硅氧烷乳液(例如Wacker或来自Rhodia),长链醇及其混合物,脂肪酸,聚甘油的脂肪酸酯,有机氟化合物及其混合物。消泡剂通常以0.01-5g/l本发明活性成分组合物的量使用。
可以加入防腐剂以稳定本发明活性成分组合物而防止微生物侵染。合适防腐剂的实例包括对羟基苯甲酸的烷基酯,苯甲酸钠,2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇,邻苯基苯酚,二氯芬,苄醇半缩甲醛,五氯酚,2,4-二氯苄醇,以及尤其还有取代的异噻唑啉酮类例如C1-C10烷基异噻唑啉酮类、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉酮,以及苯并异噻唑啉酮类,实例是以名称由Avecia(或由Arch)或以名称由Thor Chemie销售的产品。防腐剂通常以0.01-10g/l本发明活性成分组合物的量使用。
合适的防冻剂是有机多元醇,例如乙二醇、丙二醇或甘油。它们基于该活性成分组合物的总重量通常以不超过10重量%的量使用。
合适的着色剂是常用于作物保护配制剂中的颜料和染料,如颜料蓝15:4、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:2、颜料蓝15:1、颜料蓝80、颜料黄1、颜料黄13、颜料红112、颜料红48:2、颜料红48:1、颜料红57:1、颜料红53:1、颜料橙43、颜料橙34、颜料橙5、颜料绿36、颜料绿7、颜料白6、颜料棕25、碱式紫10、碱式紫49、酸性红51、酸性红52、酸性红14、酸性蓝9、酸性黄23、碱性红10、碱性红108。
粘合剂或粘着剂和粘附剂的实例是氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯嵌段聚合物表面活性剂以及聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、部分水解的聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丁烯、聚异丁烯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯酰胺、聚乙烯亚胺聚醚和衍生于上述聚合物的共聚物。
本发明活性成分组合物可以任选包含基于所制备的配制剂总量为1-5重量%的调节pH的试剂,实例是缓冲剂,所用缓冲剂的量和性质取决于一种或多种活性成分的化学性能。用于调节pH的试剂实例是弱无机或有机酸如磷酸、硼酸、乙酸、丙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、酒石酸、草酸和琥珀酸的碱金属盐。
本发明含水活性成分组合物可以通过在含水聚合介质中在至少一种表面活性物质存在下使如上所定义的至少一种ACPI在聚合物P的烯属不饱和构成单体M中的溶液自由基水乳液聚合而制备,其中该乳液聚合优选作为单体进料方法在含水聚合介质中在至少一种表面活性物质和至少一种分散在该聚合介质中且由动态光散射测定的平均粒度为50-300nm,更具体为60-250nm,非常优选为70-200nm的种子聚合存在下进行。
按照本发明,含水活性成分组合物的制备包括在至少一种表面活性物质存在下使该至少一种ACPI在聚合物P的烯属不饱和构成单体M中的溶液自由基水乳液聚合。
按照本发明,自由基水乳液聚合在至少一种表面活性物质存在下进行。
所用表面活性物质为常用于乳液聚合的乳化剂和保护性胶体,正如上面已经作为本发明活性成分组合物的成分所描述的。常用于乳液聚合的表面活性物质量通常在如上所示范围内且因此全部量或一部分存在于本发明组合物中的表面活性物质经由乳液聚合提供。然而,还可以在乳液聚合中仅使用一部分,例如10-90重量%,更具体为20-80重量%的存在于本发明组合物中的表面活性物质并在乳液聚合之后在对乳液聚合祛臭(后皂煮)—任选进行—之前或之后加入剩余的表面活性物质。
用于聚合的表面活性物质优选尤其包括至少一种阴离子表面活性物质,更具体为至少一种阴离子乳化剂,尤其是至少一种具有至少一个经由碳原子或氧原子连接的SO3X基团的阴离子乳化剂,X例如为氢或合适的抗衡离子,如碱金属、碱土金属或铵阳离子。用于聚合的表面活性物质任选除了阴离子表面活性物质外还包含一种或多种非离子表面活性物质,更具体为一种或多种非离子乳化剂。用于聚合中的表面活性物质优选为不可聚合的,即它们不具有可以在自由基聚合中聚合的烯属不饱和基团。适合乳液聚合的表面活性物质尤其是上面就聚合物-活性成分颗粒的稳定化提到的表面活性物质,尤其是其中所述阴离子和非离子乳化剂。
按照本发明对于单体M的乳液聚合优选的阴离子乳化剂实例是下述化合物的盐,更具体为碱金属盐和铵盐:
-磺基琥珀酸的二烷基酯(烷基:各自为C4-C12),
-硫酸烷基酯(烷基:C8-C18);
-乙氧基化链烷醇的硫酸单酯(EO程度:2-30,烷基:C10-C18);
-乙氧基化烷基酚的硫酸单酯(EO程度:2-30,烷基:C4-C18);
-烷基磺酸(烷基:C8-C18);
-单-、二-和三-烷基芳基磺酸(烷基:C4-C18);
-二-或三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化物的硫酸单酯(EO程度:2-30);
-磷酸的单酯和二酯,包括其与对应三酯的混合物;以及
-上面所定义的通式A化合物。
按照本发明优选用于单体M的乳液聚合的阴离子乳化剂实例是在烷基中具有8-36个碳原子,更具体为10-22个碳原子的乙氧基化链烷醇,以及通常在烷基中具有4-12个碳原子的乙氧基化单-、二-和三烷基酚,其中乙氧基化链烷醇和烷基酚通常具有3-50的乙氧基化程度。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,单体M的聚合在至少一种式A化合物存在下,优选在其与一种或多种不同于化合物A的其他表面活性物质组合存在下,更具体在其与一种或多种不同于化合物A其他阴离子乳化剂组合存在下,尤其在其与磺基琥珀酸二烷基酯的盐(烷基:各自为C4-C12)组合存在下进行。
在乳液聚合中表面活性物质的用量基于待聚合单体M的总量通常为0.1-10重量%,更具体为0.2-5重量%。
优选该聚合在分散于聚合介质中且平均粒度由动态光散射测定为50-300nm,更具体为60-250nm,非常优选为70-200nm的种子聚合物存在下进行。种子聚合物是指不含活性成分的细碎聚合物,其以细碎颗粒形式作为在含水聚合介质中的分散体存在且通常以在水分散体形式用于单体M的乳液聚合中。这类水分散体因此也称为种子胶乳。
乳液聚合中种子聚合物的用量基于单体M的总量通常为0.01-5重量%,更具体为0.05-1重量%,作为种子胶乳的聚合物成分计算。该种子胶乳中种子聚合物的浓度通常为10-60重量%。
种子聚合物通常由聚合的烯属不饱和单体M构成,所述单体通常包含至少90重量%,例如90-100重量%,常常为90-99.9重量%,更具体为95-99.8重量%,尤其是97-99.7重量%的一种或多种如上所定义的单烯属不饱和单体M'和任选至多10%,例如0.1-10重量%,更具体为0.2-5重量%,尤其是0.3-3重量%的一种或多种不同单体,其中以重量%表示的量基于种子聚合物的构成单体的总量。
用于制备种子聚合物的单烯属不饱和单体M'优选选自:
-单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的酯,更具体为丙烯酸的上述酯以及甲基丙烯酸的上述酯,更具体为单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇的酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与C1-C20链烷醇的酯,和
-乙烯基芳族烃类,如苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、叔丁基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯等,尤其是苯乙烯;
及其混合物。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,通过共聚引入种子聚合物中的单体M'选自甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯,苯乙烯,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与苯乙烯的混合物,苯乙烯与丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物以及甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯与苯乙烯和丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物。
在本发明的一个非常特别优选实施方案中,单体M'选自甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯的混合物,甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物,以及甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯和丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯的混合物,其中甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,尤其是甲基丙烯酸甲酯的比例基于单体M'的总量为至少50重量%。
此外,该种子胶乳通常进一步以共聚形式包含一种或多种如上所定义的单体M3a。在种子聚合物中共聚的单体M3a中,特别优选不饱和一元醇与上述单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸之一的酯,更具体丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯,尤其是烯丙基酯,如丙烯酸烯丙基酯和甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯,还有单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸的二酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与二元醇的二酯,更具体为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与C3-C10链烷二醇的二酯,如1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯或1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯,以及丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与二甘醇、三甘醇或四甘醇的二酯。
作为种子聚合物的构成单体的一部分的单体M3a的比例基于种子聚合物的构成单体总量通常不超过10重量%,更具体为5重量%,尤其是3重量%。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,种子聚合物的构成单体包含0.1-9.9重量%,更具体为0.2-4.8重量%,尤其是0.3-2.7重量%的一种或多种单体M3a,更具体为一种或多种作为优选或特别优选提到的单体M3a。
此外,种子聚合物还可以以共聚形式包含一种或多种其他单体,实例是单体M3b或M3c,该类单体的比例基于种子聚合物的构成单体总量通常不超过10重量%,更具体为不超过5重量%,尤其是不超过3重量%。
种子聚合物通常具有-60°C至150°C的玻璃化转变温度。就此而言,已经证明有利的是种子聚合物具有至少50°C,优选至少60°C,更具体为至少70°C的玻璃化转变温度Tg。
优选该聚合通过按照已知为单体进料方法的方法使该至少一种ACPI在待聚合单体M中的溶液自由基水乳液聚合而进行。
在该方法中,使待聚合单体M在含水聚合介质中的水包油乳液经受自由基聚合条件。活性成分/单体溶液的水包油乳液可以通过将活性成分在待聚合单体M中的溶液加入在聚合条件下的聚合容器中而就地生产。然而,优选将活性成分溶于单体M中并在将所得单体/活性成分乳液供入聚合反应中之前将所得单体溶液转化成含水单体乳液。
单体进料方法是指其中在聚合反应过程中将主要量,优选至少70%,更具体为至少90%的活性成分在单体M中的溶液或主要量,优选至少70%,更具体为至少90%的单体、活性成分和优选至少一部分聚合所用表面活性物质的水乳液供入聚合容器中的聚合方法。单体/活性成分溶液或乳液的加料优选在至少0.5小时,更具体为至少1小时,例如1-12小时,更具体为2-6小时内进行。单体/活性成分溶液或乳液可以以恒定或可变速率加入,例如以恒定加料速率或可变加料速率间歇加入或者以可变加料速率连续加入。单体/活性成分溶液或乳液的组成可以在加料过程中保持恒定或改变,此时不仅可以改变单体组成,而且可以改变表面活性物质、活性成分的性质或活性成分在单体M中的浓度。
该程序在这里通常应使得主要量或全部量,通常是至少80重量%,更具体为至少90重量%的种子聚合物以聚合物水分散体(种子胶乳)形式作为初始料引入聚合容器中,并且主要量或全部量的单体M以及还有主要量或全部量的至少一种ACPI在自由基乳液聚合所必需的聚合条件下在通常为至少0.5小时,更具体为至少1小时,例如1-12小时,更具体为2-6小时内供入聚合容器中。正如上面所提到的那样,活性成分与一部分或全部量的单体M一起作为活性成分在单体M中的溶液提供。活性成分在单体M中的该溶液优选在聚合之前借助至少一种上述表面活性物质在水中乳化,然后将该乳液在聚合条件下供入聚合中。
乳液聚合通常通过加入至少一种引发剂,即在暴露于热或光时形成引发实际聚合的自由基的化合物而引发。适合本发明乳液聚合的引发剂是适合且通常用于乳液聚合并引发单体M的自由基聚合的聚合引发剂。这些引发剂包括偶氮化合物如2,2'-偶氮二异丁腈、2,2'-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈)、2,2'-偶氮二[2-甲基-N-(-2-羟基乙基)丙酰胺]、1,1'-偶氮二(1-环己烷甲腈)、2,2'-偶氮二(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2'-偶氮二(N,N'-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐和2,2'-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐,有机或无机过氧化物,如过氧化二乙酰、过氧化二叔丁基、过氧化二戊基、过氧化二辛酰、过氧化二癸酰、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二(邻甲苯基)、过氧化琥珀酰、过乙酸叔丁酯、过马来酸叔丁酯、过异丁酸叔丁酯、过新戊酸叔丁酯、过辛酸叔丁酯、过新癸酸叔丁酯、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化叔丁基、氢过氧化叔丁基、氢过氧化枯烯、过氧-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和过氧二氨基甲酸二异丙酯,过氧二硫酸的盐如过氧二硫酸钠,以及氧化还原引发剂体系。
优选使用水溶性引发剂,实例是过氧二硫酸的盐,更具体为钠、钾或铵盐,或者包含过氧二硫酸的盐、过氧化氢或有机过氧化物如氢过氧化叔丁基作为氧化剂的氧化还原引发剂体系。作为还原剂,它们优选包含更具体选自亚硫酸氢钠、羟甲基亚磺酸钠和亚硫酸氢盐与丙酮的加合物的硫化合物。其他合适的还原剂是含磷化合物,如亚磷酸、次磷酸盐和亚膦酸盐,还有肼或水合肼和抗坏血酸。氧化还原引发剂体系可以进一步包括少量氧化还原金属盐如铁盐、钒盐、铜盐、铬盐或锰盐的加入,如抗坏血酸/硫酸铁(II)/过氧二硫酸钠氧化还原引发剂体系。
基于单体M的量,引发剂通常以0.02-2重量%,更具体为0.05-1.5重量%的量使用。引发剂的最佳量当然取决于所用引发剂体系并且可以由熟练技术人员通过常规试验确定。引发剂可以部分或全部作为初始料包括在反应容器中。优选在聚合过程中向聚合反应器中加入主要量的引发剂,更具体为至少80%,例如80-99.5%的引发剂。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,在单体加料过程中改变单体组成以使得将该至少一种单体M2供入聚合介质中的速率在加料过程中上升或提高。单体M2的加料速率的提高通常应使得在靠近加料结束时,即当全部量的单体M2中至少80%已经在聚合容器中时的加料速率为单体M2加料开始时的至少2倍,更具体为至少5倍。此时在单体M2加料开始时的加料速率通常为0.1-10%/h,而在靠近加料结束时为5-20%/h,其中%值分别表示在开始时和在靠近加料结束时在相应时间间隔内加入的单体M2基于供入的单体M2总量的比例。在加料过程中,加料速率可以分步或连续提高,并且在加料过程中,该提高可以是恒定的或者在靠近加料结束时逐渐变小或者尤其逐渐变大。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,在单体加料过程中改变将至少一种表面活性物质供入聚合介质中的速率以使得它在加料过程中上升或提高。加料速率的提高通常应使得在靠近加料结束时,即当全部量的单体M2中至少80%已经在聚合容器中时的加料速率为至少一种表面活性物质加料开始时的至少2倍,更具体为至少3倍。此时在表面活性物质加料开始时的加料速率通常为0.05-10%/h,而在靠近加料结束时为2-20%/h,其中%值分别表示在开始时和在靠近加料结束时在相应时间间隔内加入的表面活性物质基于表面活性物质总量的比例。在加料过程中,加料速率可以分步或连续提高,并且在加料过程中,该提高可以是恒定的或者在靠近加料结束时逐渐变小或者尤其逐渐变大。
不同于单体M2的单体M的加料速率优选保持恒定或者仅轻微改变,即基于不同于单体M2的单体M的平均加料速率的变化小于30%。
压力和温度对于乳液聚合不太重要。温度当然取决于所用引发剂体系且最佳聚合温度可以由熟练技术人员借助常规试验确定。聚合温度通常为20-110°C,常常为50-95°C。聚合通常在大气压力或环境压力下进行。或者可以在升高的压力,例如至多3巴下,或者在轻微降低的压力,例如>800毫巴下进行。
应理解的是聚合物的分子量可以通过加入少量,例如基于待聚合的单体M为0.01-2重量%的调节剂而调节。所用调节剂尤其包括有机硫代化合物以及烯丙醇和醛。
在乳液聚合反应之后,任选必要的是基本除去本发明含水活性成分组合物中的臭味物质,如残留单体和其他挥发性有机成分。这可以以本身已知的方式通过蒸馏除去(尤其经由蒸汽蒸馏)或通过用惰性气体汽提而物理地实现。残留单体的降低也可以通过自由基后聚合而化学地进行,更具体的是使用例如在DE-A 44 35 423、DE-A 44 19 518和DE-A 44 35 422中所述种类的氧化还原引发剂体系。后聚合优选用包含至少一种有机过氧化物和有机亚硫酸酯的氧化还原引发剂体系进行。
在聚合结束之后,可以在其用于本发明之前通过加入酸或碱将包含活性成分的所得聚合物分散体调节至所需pH。
以此方式得到稳定的含水活性成分组合物,其呈包含至少一种在聚合物/活性成分水分散体的聚合物颗粒中的ACPI的分散体形式。此外,所得分散体包含在本发明乳液聚合中所用的上述表面活性物质。
可以通过本发明的自由基乳液聚合得到的聚合物/活性成分水分散体的固体含量大致由活性成分和聚合物P决定且通常为10-60重量%,更具体为20-50重量%。
如次得到的聚合物/活性成分水分散体以高稳定性和低挥发性有机化合物含量著称,这些化合物通常基于该组合物的总重量占不超过1重量%,常常不超过0.1重量%,更具体为不超过500ppm。在这里和下文中,挥发性化合物是所有在大气压力下的沸点小于200°C的有机化合物。
此外,可以以此方式得到的聚合物/活性成分水分散体可以象含水悬浮浓缩物一样用常用于该目的的添加剂,尤其是增稠剂配制而不发生分离。更具体而言,可如此得到的聚合物/活性成分水分散体可以与包含常用于该目的的添加剂,尤其是增稠剂的ACPI含水配制剂,尤其是含水悬浮浓缩物共配制而不发生分离。
因此,本发明还涉及一种其中用至少一种常用于作物保护组合物的添加剂配制可以由本发明的自由基水乳液聚合得到的聚合物/活性成分水分散体的方法。
因此,本发明还涉及一种其中将可以由本发明的自由基水乳液聚合得到的聚合物/活性成分水分散体与至少一种适合含水作物保护组合物的ACPI共配制的方法。
因此,本发明进一步涉及一种用增稠剂配制可以由本发明的自由基水乳液聚合得到的聚合物/活性成分水分散体的方法。
因此,本发明尤其涉及一种其中将可以由本发明的自由基水乳液聚合得到的聚合物/活性成分水分散体掺入有机ACPI的常规悬浮浓缩物中的方法。
增稠剂、添加剂和其他活性成分的掺入可以以常规方式完成,例如通过将添加剂/活性成分的水溶液、水乳液或水分散体借助例如该水溶液、水乳液或水分散体与聚合物/活性成分分散体的混合而掺入。
本发明含水活性成分组合物以本身已知的方式适合防治植物病原性生物体,其中可以用本发明含水活性成分组合物防治的植物病原性生物体的性质以本身已知的方式由一种或多种存在于该聚合物/活性成分分散体中的活性成分决定或由一种或多种存在于本发明含水活性成分组合物中的活性成分决定。
当本发明活性成分组合物包含至少一种具有杀真菌作用的ACPI(即杀真菌剂)时,它们以已知方式适合防治植物病原性真菌,即植物损害性真菌。
当本发明活性成分组合物包含至少一种具有杀虫或杀螨作用的ACPI(即杀虫剂或杀螨剂)时,它们以已知方式适合防治不希望的昆虫或螨虫侵染。
当本发明活性成分组合物包含至少一种具有除草作用的ACPI(即除草剂)时,它们以已知方式适合防治不希望的植物生长。
因此,本发明进一步提供了:
-本发明含水活性成分组合物在防治植物病原性生物体中的用途;以及
-防治植物病原性生物体的方法,包括使有害生物体、其栖息地、其宿主如植物和种子以及其中它们生长或可能生长的土壤、区域和周围环境,还有要防止植物病原性生物体侵袭或侵染的材料、植物、种子、土壤、表面或空间与有效量的本发明配制剂接触。
本发明的另一方面涉及本发明含水活性成分组合物在保护植物,包括种子,尤其是农作物,以防有害生物体侵染中的用途。因此,本发明还涉及该配制剂在防治植物病原性生物体如有害真菌、昆虫、蜘蛛、线虫和杂草中用途。根据一个优选实施方案,本发明涉及该配制剂在保护种子以防有害真菌、昆虫、蜘蛛和线虫侵染,尤其是被有害真菌侵染中的用途。
本发明含水活性成分组合物可以直接施用或者用水稀释。根据一个优选实施方案,该配制剂直接使用。在另一优选实施方案中,在施用之前将该配制剂每份活性成分组合物用至多10份水,优选至多50份水,更具体至多20份水稀释,其中所有份表示重量份。
稀释通常通过将本发明含水活性成分组合物倾入水中而进行。为了将本发明含水活性成分组合物与水快速混合,通常使用搅动,如搅拌。然而,搅动通常不必要。尽管稀释程序的温度不是重要因素,但稀释通常在0-50°C,更具体为10-30°C的温度下或在环境温度下进行。
用于稀释的水通常是自来水。然而,该水可能已经包括用于作物保护的水溶性化合物,如营养物、肥料或农药。
任选稀释的本发明含水活性成分组合物使用熟练技术人员已知的方法和设备使用或施用。具体而言,它们在种子处理中的使用可以按照处理种子的常规技术进行,例如通过拌种、种子包衣、浸种、种子包膜、种子多层包衣、种子包壳、种子湿淋和种子造粒。
根据种子处理的第一实施方案,用本发明的含水活性成分组合物或其含水稀释液处理种子,即能够繁殖且用于播种的那些植物部分。术语“种子”在这里包括种子和能够繁殖的所有种类植物部分,包括种子、种粒、种子部分、树苗、果实、块茎、谷粒、插条等,尤其是颗粒和种子。
种子例如可以通过将种子用本发明含水活性成分组合物或通过用水稀释而由其得到的拌种液在播种之前且在植物出苗之前混合、喷雾或喷湿而处理。这些措施例如可以在用于种子处理的特殊设备,如拌种机中进行。然而,处理也可以简单地通过将本发明含水活性成分组合物与种子在容器中,例如在袋、桶或槽中混合,然后使种子干燥而完成。
或者也可以在播种过程中用本发明含水活性成分组合物处理种子。
在本发明种子处理或土壤处理的另一实施方案中,将本发明含水活性成分组合物放入其中已经含有种子的犁沟中。替换方案是首先用本发明含水活性成分组合物处理犁沟,然后将种子引入犁沟中。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,用配制剂处理已经生长的植物,尤其通过喷雾。为此,本发明含水活性成分组合物可以直接或者以含水稀释液形式施用于植物。
通常而言,其中使用本发明含水活性成分组合物的方式应由特定的最终用途决定;在任何情况下,应确保存在于配制剂中的ACPI的极细分布。
用于种子处理的本发明含水活性成分组合物量通常选择得使种子与有效量的存在于配制剂中的ACPI接触。通常而言,对于100kg种子,使用的本发明活性成分组合物量包含0.1g至10kg,更具体为1g至5kg,尤其是1g至2.5kg植物活性成分或该类活性成分的混合物。例如对于一些农作物,如莴苣和洋葱,活性成分的用量可以更大。
取决于所用活性成分的性质,本发明活性成分组合物适合处理任何所需农作物的种子,实例是禾谷类植物、根系植物、油料植物、蔬菜、香料、观赏植物等,例如处理下列植物的种子:硬粒小麦和其他小麦品种,燕麦,黑麦,大麦,玉米,包括饲料玉米和甜玉米,小米,大豆,芸薹,棉花,向日葵,香蕉,稻,油籽油菜,甜菜,糖用甜菜,饲料甜菜,茄子,土豆,草坪,草籽,西红柿,韭葱,南瓜,卷心菜,生菜,胡椒,黄瓜,甜瓜,菜豆,豌豆,大蒜,洋葱,胡萝卜,烟草,葡萄,矮牵牛,老鹳草,天竺葵,三色堇等。
本发明活性成分组合物还适合处理因基于栽培、突变和/或基因工程的技术而耐受除草剂、杀真菌剂、杀虫剂或杀线虫剂的农作物的种子。例如,配制剂可以用于处理耐受选自磺酰脲类(EP A 0 257 993,美国专利号5,013,659)、咪唑啉酮类(例如参见US 6,222,100,WO 01/82685,WO00/26390,WO 97/41218,WO 98/02526,WO 98/02527,WO 04/106529,WO 05/20673,WO 03/14357,WO 03/13225,WO 03/14356,WO 04/16073)、草铵膦(glufosinate)和相关化合物(例如参见EP-A-0242236,EP-A-242246)以及草甘膦(glyphosate)和相关化合物(例如参见WO 92/00377)的除草剂的转基因植物的种子,或用于处理耐受选自环己二烯酮/芳氧基苯氧基丙酸除草剂(US 5,162,602,US 5,290,696,US 5,498,544,US 5,428,001,US6,069,298,US 6,268,550,US 6,146,867,US 6,222,099,US 6,414,222)的除草剂的植物的种子或用于处理能够产生赋予对某些害虫的耐受性的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)毒素(Bt毒素)的转基因农作物如棉花和玉米的种子(EP A 0 142 924,EP A 0 193 259)。
此外,本发明活性成分组合物可以用于处理相对于现有植物具有改性性能且例如可以借助传统栽培方法和/或突变或通过重组技术生产的植物的种子。例如,对于其目的是改性农作物的淀粉(例如WO 92/11376,WO92/14827,WO 91/19806)或改变植物的脂肪酸组成(WO 91/13972)的这些植物的重组变型的生产存在许多说明。
按照本发明处理的种子以通过与传统方法处理的种子相比有利的性能著称且因此同样由本说明书提供。
下列实施例用于说明本发明。
A所用缩写
PMMA:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯
MMA:甲基丙烯酸甲酯
AMA:甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯
NaPS:过氧二硫酸钠
DI水:去离子水
t-BHP:氢过氧化叔丁基
PETIA:季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯
B材料:
乳化剂2:磺基琥珀酸二辛酯的钠盐(Lumiten I RA)
乳化剂3:乙氧基化三苯乙烯基苯酚的硫酸单酯的铵盐(16EO-Rhodia的Soprophor 4D384)
保护性胶体1:甲基丙烯酸、MMA和聚氧乙烯丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物(Huntsman的Tersperse 2500或Croda的Atlox 4913)
种子分散体1:99重量%MMA和1重量%AMA的44重量%PMMA胶乳,颗粒直径(光散射)90nm。
种子分散体2:33重量%聚苯乙烯胶乳颗粒直径(光散射)30nm
消泡剂:聚硅氧烷乳液:Wacker Silicone SRE-PFL
颜料糊:颜料红48:2在水中的30重量%分散体(BASF SE的Microsol Red C2B Agro)
悬浮浓缩物1(戊叉唑菌配制剂):
为了制备悬浮浓缩物1,将1371.2g戊叉唑菌(纯度91.2%)、50g乳化剂3、175g保护性胶体1、150g甘油、5g消泡剂和750g水在玻璃烧杯中混合。通过搅拌将该混合物均化,然后首先用转子-定子磨机研磨,再用珠磨机研磨至粒度D90<4μm(激光衍射)。在彻底搅拌下将2161g所得悬浮液与6.5g消泡剂、3.5g杀微生物剂、86.4g浓度为2%的黄原胶水溶液和226.6g水混合,形成最终产品。
悬浮浓缩物2(唑菌胺酯配制剂):
为了制备悬浮浓缩物2,将122.2kg唑菌胺酯(纯度90%)、3.3kg乳化剂3、8.8kg保护性胶体1、13.2kg甘油、0.44kg消泡剂和79.2kg水在搅拌容器中混合。通过搅拌将该混合物均化,然后首先用转子-定子磨机研磨,再用珠磨机研磨至粒度D90<4μm(激光衍射)。在彻底搅拌下将219.7kg所得悬浮液与0.64kg消泡剂、0.43kg杀微生物剂、23.4kg浓度为2%的黄原胶水溶液和4.1kg水混合,形成最终产品。
C分析:
通过HPPS(High Performance Particle Sizer)借助也已知为准弹性光散射(QELS)的光子相关光谱法(PCS)或动态光散射测定颗粒直径。该测量方法描述于ISO13321标准中。此时分析高度稀释的聚合物水分散体(c~0.005%)。测量设置:来自Malvern的HPPS,用连续流动比色杯和Gilson自动取样器自动化。参数:测量温度22.0°C;测量时间120秒(6个循环,各20s);散射角173°;激光波长633nm(HeNe);介质折射率1.332(含水);粘度0.9546mPas。测量得到累积分析的平均值(拟合平均值)。拟合平均值为强度加权的平均颗粒直径(nm)。
D制备实施例
制备实施例1(含13.6重量%丙氯灵的本发明聚合物/活性成分分散体D1)
向带有搅拌器的反应容器中加入225g去离子水和3.34g种子分散体1,将该初始料用氮气吹扫并加热至80°C。在搅拌和温度维持下加入25重量%进料2。5分钟后同时开始加入进料1和进料3,并加入剩余的进料2。进料1和进料2以恒定的流速在180分钟内在维持温度下加入。进料3同样在180分钟内加入。然而,进料3的计量加料不以恒定速率(流速=每单位时间的体积)而是以可变流速(梯度模式)进行。进料3的进料速率随着聚合时间的推进提高数倍;每次提高时的进料速率记录在表1中。在进料1-3的加料结束后,将反应混合物在80°C下在搅拌30分钟,然后冷却至室温。
进料1:275.14gDI水
4.00g乳化剂1(45重量%)
436.50g MMA
4.50g AMA
180.00g丙氯灵
进料2:19.29g浓度为7重量%的NaPS水溶液
进料3:112.50g DI水
9.00g乳化剂2
9.00g苯乙烯-4-磺酸(Na盐)
表1:进料3的计量速率
计量速率[g/h] | 时间[min] |
2.7 | 22 |
6.4 | 22 |
10.1 | 22 |
13.8 | 22 |
17.5 | 22 |
21.1 | 22 |
24.9 | 22 |
34.1 | 26 |
所得分散体具有的固体含量为50重量%且丙氯灵含量基于该分散体为13.6重量%(由HPLC测定—在应用于HPLC之前在9:1乙腈:水中后处理)。由光散射测定的平均颗粒直径为431nm。pH为6.5。
制备实施例2(含7重量%活性成分的聚合物水分散体CD2,非本发明)
向带有搅拌器的反应容器中加入210g去离子水、75g麦芽糖糊精和45.5g种子分散体2,将该初始料用氮气吹扫并加热至80°C。在搅拌和温度维持下加入25重量%进料2。然后同时开始加入进料1和剩余的进料2。进料1和进料2在210分钟内在维持温度下加入。在进料1和进料2加料结束后,将温度维持30分钟,然后在60分钟内加入进料3和进料4。在进料3和进料4结束之后,将该设备冷却至室温。
进料1:800g水
12g乳化剂1
300g MMA
80g丙氯灵
进料2:45g浓度为7重量%的NaPS水溶液
进料3:7g浓度为10重量%的t-BHP水溶液
进料4:5g浓度为10重量%的Rongalit C水溶液
所得分散体具有的固体含量为30重量%且丙氯灵含量为5.6重量%(借助HPLC测定(后处理见上文))。由光散射测定的平均颗粒直径为110nm。
D配制剂实施例
对比例1(含水活性成分组合物,非本发明)
通过将表中所示成分混合并将该混合物在22°C下彻底搅拌1小时以将黄原胶均匀溶胀而进行制备。
成分 | g |
分散体CD2 | 848.1 |
悬浮浓缩物1 | 32.1 |
乳化剂3 | 26.6 |
保护性胶体1 | 25.3 |
甘油 | 65.9 |
黄原胶 | 2.0 |
消泡剂 | 4.0 |
实施例1(含水活性成分组合物,本发明)
除了黄原胶和分散体D1外,将所有下表中所示成分在搅拌下混合。然后在搅拌下加入2.8g黄原胶(呈140g浓度为2%的水溶液形式)。
成分 | g |
悬浮浓缩物1 | 30.9 |
悬浮浓缩物2 | 23.3 |
颜料糊 | 150 |
乳化剂3 | 9.0 |
保护性胶体1 | 27.3 |
甘油 | 91.2 |
消泡剂 | 4.3 |
杀微生物剂 | 1.6 |
水 | 199.0 |
分散体D1 | 321.0 |
黄原胶 | 2.8 |
E配制剂的储存稳定性
将D中所述活性成分组合物的样品在升高的温度(50°C)下储存2周并且还在波动的温度下储存2周(-5°C和+30°C或-10°C和+10°C下12小时,各自交替)。在该储存过程中,在非本发明的对比例1情况下,形成非常粘的液相。
*由于红色颜料糊的液相配制剂
Claims (28)
1.一种呈细碎聚合物-活性成分颗粒的水分散体形式的含水活性成分组合物,所述颗粒包含至少一种水不溶性聚合物P、至少一种表面活性物质和至少一种存在于所述聚合物颗粒中且在25℃和101.325hPa下水溶性不超过5g/l的有机作物保护活性成分,其中所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒具有的平均颗粒直径由动态光散射测定为300-1200nm,聚合物P为烯属不饱和单体M的聚合物,所述单体M基于聚合物P的构成单体M的总量包含0.1-10重量%至少一种选自单烯属不饱和磺酸、单烯属不饱和膦酸和单烯属不饱和磷酸单酯及其盐的单烯属不饱和化合物M2。
2.根据权利要求1的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述至少一种单烯属不饱和单体M2选自乙烯基芳族磺酸及其盐并且其中单体M包含:
-基于单体M的总量为70-99.9重量%的至少一种单体M1,其选自单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的酯,单烯属不饱和C4-C6二羧酸与C1-C20链烷醇、C5-C8环烷醇、苯基-C1-C4链烷醇或苯氧基-C1-C4链烷醇的二酯,乙烯基芳族烃,这些单体的混合物,以及这些单体中的一种或多种与丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈的混合物,
-基于单体M的总量为0.1-10重量%的至少一种单体M2,
-基于单体M的总量为0-29.9重量%的任选一种或多种与单体M1和M2不同的烯属不饱和单体M3。
3.根据权利要求2的含水活性成分组合物,其中单体M1选自丙烯酸C1-C10烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸C1-C10烷基酯、苯乙烯及其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述聚合物的构成单体M进一步包含基于单体M的总量为0.1-9.9重量%的至少一种含有至少两个烯属不饱和双键的单体M3a。
5.根据权利要求2的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述聚合物的构成单体M进一步包含基于单体M的总量为0.1-9.9重量%的至少一种含有至少两个烯属不饱和双键的单体M3a。
6.根据权利要求3的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述聚合物的构成单体M进一步包含基于单体M的总量为0.1-9.9重量%的至少一种含有至少两个烯属不饱和双键的单体M3a。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述聚合物具有的玻璃化转变温度借助动态扫描量热法(DSC)按照ASTM-D2418/82测定为至少0℃。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的含水活性成分组合物,其中具有的颗粒直径由光散射测定为至多200nm的聚合物-活性成分颗粒的比例基于所述活性成分组合物中所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒的总量小于10重量%。
9.根据权利要求7的含水活性成分组合物,其中具有的颗粒直径由光散射测定为至多200nm的聚合物-活性成分颗粒的比例基于所述活性成分组合物中所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒的总量小于10重量%。
10.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述至少一种有机作物保护活性成分具有的熔点不超过90℃。
11.根据权利要求9的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述至少一种有机作物保护活性成分具有的熔点不超过90℃。
14.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述表面活性物质包含至少一种阴离子表面活性物质。
15.根据权利要求13的含水活性成分组合物,其中所述表面活性物质包含至少一种阴离子表面活性物质。
16.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的含水活性成分组合物,其基于所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒的总重量以1-50重量%的量包含所述至少一种作物保护活性成分并且基于所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒的总重量以50-99重量%的量包含聚合物P。
17.根据权利要求15的含水活性成分组合物,其基于所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒的总重量以1-50重量%的量包含所述至少一种作物保护活性成分并且基于所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒的总重量以50-99重量%的量包含聚合物P。
18.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的含水活性成分组合物,其基于所述活性成分组合物的总重量以10-60重量%的浓度包含所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒。
19.根据权利要求17的含水活性成分组合物,其基于所述活性成分组合物的总重量以10-60重量%的浓度包含所述聚合物-活性成分颗粒。
20.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的含水活性成分组合物,其进一步包含至少一种选自阴离子多糖的增稠剂。
21.根据权利要求19的含水活性成分组合物,其进一步包含至少一种选自阴离子多糖的增稠剂。
22.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的含水活性成分组合物,其进一步包含至少一种呈作物保护活性成分的悬浮颗粒形式的其他有机作物保护活性成分。
23.根据权利要求21的含水活性成分组合物,其进一步包含至少一种呈作物保护活性成分的悬浮颗粒形式的其他有机作物保护活性成分。
24.一种制备根据权利要求1-23中任一项的含水活性成分组合物的方法,包括按照单体进料方法在含水聚合介质中在至少一种表面活性物质和至少一种分散在所述聚合介质中且平均颗粒直径由动态光散射测定为50-300nm的种子聚合物存在下使所述至少一种作物保护活性成分在聚合物P的烯属不饱和构成单体M中的溶液自由基水乳液聚合。
25.根据权利要求24的方法,其中至少部分所述至少一种表面活性物质在聚合过程中供入所述聚合介质中。
26.根据权利要求24或25的方法,其中所述至少一种单体M2在聚合过程中以增加的进料速率供入所述聚合介质中。
27.一种防治植物病原性真菌和/或不希望的植物生长和/或不希望的昆虫或螨虫侵染和/或调节植物生长的方法,其中使根据权利要求1-23中任一项的组合物作用于相应害虫、其栖息地或要防止相应害虫的植物、土壤和/或不希望的植物和/或农作物和/或其生长地。
28.一种处理种子的方法,包括用根据权利要求1-23中任一项的含水活性成分组合物处理未被处理的种子。
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