CN117769355A - 含有特定丙烯酸酯共聚物分散剂的农用化学组合物 - Google Patents
含有特定丙烯酸酯共聚物分散剂的农用化学组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117769355A CN117769355A CN202280044903.2A CN202280044903A CN117769355A CN 117769355 A CN117769355 A CN 117769355A CN 202280044903 A CN202280044903 A CN 202280044903A CN 117769355 A CN117769355 A CN 117769355A
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/66—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms
- A01N43/68—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms with two or three nitrogen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- A01N43/70—Diamino—1,3,5—triazines with only one oxygen, sulfur or halogen atom or only one cyano, thiocyano (—SCN), cyanato (—OCN) or azido (—N3) group directly attached to a ring carbon atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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Abstract
本发明涉及农用化学组合物,其含有用于这些农用化学组合物中的特定共聚物分散剂。本发明还涉及根据本发明的共聚物作为农用化学组合物中的分散剂的用途,以及根据本发明的组合物用于处理土壤、植物和/或种子以控制有害生物和/或调节植物生长的用途。
Description
本申请要求于2021年5月26日在欧洲以Nr 21175979.0提交的优先权,出于所有目的将此申请的全部内容通过援引并入本文。
本发明涉及农用化学组合物,其含有用于这些农用化学组合物中的特定共聚物分散剂。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的共聚物作为农用化学组合物中的分散剂的用途,以及根据本发明的组合物用于处理土壤、植物和/或种子以控制有害生物和/或调节植物生长的用途。
农用化学组合物越来越复杂,具有高负载量的可以微溶于水中、或甚至不溶于水中的活性成分,和/或将所述活性成分与具有不同物理化学特征的几种作用模式组合的组合体系:例如,一种活性物质可以呈可溶性盐的形式,而另一种活性物质分散在水相中。
因此,农用化学组合物典型地包括分散剂以改进分散,并且特别是提供均匀性并且帮助减少和/或防止絮凝和聚集。
分散是固体颗粒团聚体分离,并且每个较小颗粒与周围介质之间形成新界面的过程。通过施加外力(研磨)和使用两亲性添加剂如分散剂来促进该过程。
这种复杂的体系对长期稳定性和稀释性能提出了很高的挑战。观察到经由奥斯特瓦尔德(Ostwald)熟化机制易于晶体生长的有机农业材料存在严重的稳定性问题。在该方面,配制通常将两种、三种或更多种具有不同物理化学特征的农业材料组合的新式组合物可能成为真正的挑战,对于配制者来说几乎没有配制空间。
传统的分散剂体系是有时不够有效的解决方案,尤其是对于经由奥斯特瓦尔德熟化或具有高电解质浓度的组合体系易于晶体生长的有机农业材料。甚至此类高性能分散剂是不完美的,并且它们缺乏的一个特征是在高离子强度介质中的分散稳定性,特别是在配制品的另一种组分是水可溶性电解质的情况下,例如在组合配制品中,其包括水可溶性电解质除草剂如联吡啶基除草剂、草铵膦或草甘膦盐,或生长素除草剂如2,4D或麦草畏盐。
因此,持续需要提供用于农业需求的改进的组合物,并且特别是提供在降低的剂量下高度有效的具有增强的晶体生长抑制特性的稳健、改进的分散剂聚合物,以及耐受高离子强度体系(例如在可溶性活性盐的存在下)的分散剂聚合物。
这些农用化学组合物还应当具有良好的固有特性,特别是良好的物理化学特性,如良好的储存稳定性和良好的粘度,并且在稀释时应当呈现出良好的性能,包括农业材料的良好悬浮性,即使对于高负载量配制品也是如此。
这些目的通过本发明实现,本发明的主题是一种农用化学组合物,其包含:
(i)至少一种具有范围为8.000至17 000g/mol的重均分子量的共聚物,其通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)至少一种选自丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体、及其混合物的丙烯酸类单体,
b)至少一种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体,和
c)至少一种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;
所述共聚物(i)包含:
·最高达50mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·至少35mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·至少10mol.%的来自(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元;以及
(ii)至少一种农业材料。
根据本发明的农用化学组合物呈现良好的固有物理化学特性。
此外,已经注意到,根据本发明的农用化学组合物减少、或甚至防止分散的农业材料的晶体生长,并且还保证在稀释方面的良好性能,包括农业材料的良好悬浮性,即使对于高负载量配制品也是如此。
根据本发明的农用化学组合物呈现出随时间推移的高储存稳定性。
还已经注意到,根据本发明的农用化学组合物具有良好的粘度和农业材料的良好分散性,其允许更容易地施用到土壤、植物和/或种子上。
此外,已经观察到,即使组合物的另一种组分是水可溶性电解质,在高离子强度介质中也获得上述优点。更特别地,高离子浓度不损害根据本发明的农用化学组合物的化学或物理稳定性。
根据本发明的优选实施例,组合物是具有高浓度的一种或多种农业材料的农用化学组合物。出于经济原因(事实上,此类组合物使得可以降低组合物的总重量,并且因此降低其运输成本),使用浓缩组合物是特别有利的,然后浓缩组合物通常被最终使用者稀释至期望浓度。
本发明的另一个主题是如后文所描述的共聚物(i)在包含至少一种农业材料的农用化学组合物中作为分散剂的用途。
本发明的主题还是根据本发明的农用化学组合物用于处理土壤、植物和/或种子以控制有害生物和/或调节植物生长的用途。
本发明的主题还是一种通过将根据本发明的组合物施用至至少一种植物、邻近植物的区域、适于支持植物生长的土壤、植物的根部、植物的叶子、和/或适于生产植物的种子来处理土壤、植物和/或种子以控制有害生物和/或调节植物生长的方法。
在阅读以下说明书和实例时,本发明的其他特征、方面和优点将更清楚地显现。
在本说明书中,且除非另有说明,否则:
-表述“至少一个/种”等同于表述“一个/种或多个/种”并可以用其代替;
-表述“在……之间(between)”等同于表述“范围为……(ranging from)”并且可以用其代替,并意指包括极限值;
-出于本发明的目的,表述“大于”和相应地表述“小于”旨在意指严格大于、相应地严格小于的开放范围,并且因此不包括极限值。
农用化学组合物的悬浮性被定义为在给定时间之后,在所述组合物以一定%w在水(CIPAC A或D标准水)中(例如在水中以1%wt)稀释之后,保留在悬浮液中的一种或多种农业材料相对于化合物的总重量的重量百分比。术语“良好的悬浮性”旨在表示大于或等于70%、特别是大于或等于80%、更具体地大于或等于85%、例如大于或等于90%的悬浮性。
组合物的悬浮性可以例如根据CIPAC方法MT184确定。
术语“良好的储存稳定性”旨在表示这样的组合物,其随着时间的推移保持均匀(也就是说,其基本上没有或有限地展现出相分离(沉降、脱水收缩等)),特别是当在0℃下储存至少一周、或在54℃下储存至少2周或在45℃下储存至少3个月时,其基本上保持均匀(CIPAC MT 39.3和MT 46.3标准化测试)。
术语“良好的粘度”或“可流动性”旨在表示展现出“良好的流动性”的组合物,也就是说具有合适粘度的组合物,例如使用Brookfield RV粘度计在20rpm下和25℃下测量的大于300cP(即300mPa.s)的粘度、特别是大于300cP(即300mPa.s)且小于10,000cP(即10,000mPa.s)的粘度。此外,通常需要剪切稀化曲线,即当剪切速率增加时粘度降低,以便使组合物具有良好的流动性。本发明的浓缩农用化学组合物特别地必须保持可泵送。
术语“合适的分散体”或“良好的分散体”旨在意指这样的分散体,其在水(CIPAC A或D标准水)中稀释后随着时间的推移是均匀的(也就是说,其基本上没有展现出相分离(沉降、脱水收缩等)),特别是当在恒温控制在30℃的水浴中储存30分钟、优选在恒温控制在30℃的水浴中储存2小时、以及理想地在恒温控制在30℃的水浴中储存24小时时,其基本上保持均匀(ClPAC MT180测试的适应性)。此种分散体特别地必须能够确保所分散的化合物良好的使用特性。
通过“奥斯特瓦尔德熟化”的晶体生长通常发生在较小的晶体(其比较大的晶体具有更大的表面积)溶解在水相中,并且材料通过连续相被输送到较大晶体的成核位点。因此,活性成分的晶体可能聚集和沉降,组合物变得不均匀;在应用期间,喷雾设备的过滤器和喷嘴可能堵塞并且生物学功效可能被降低。
粒度D(50)和D(90)值通过动态光散射分析使用在去离子水中运行的具有Hydro2000SM附件的Malvern Mastersizer 2000来确定。对应于粒径的粒度D(50)和D(90)值,如颗粒的累积尺寸不足的体积分数,分别等于50%和90%。从所获得的粒度值,可以容易地确定D(50)和D(90)值。
通过光学显微镜观察评估材料的结晶形态。将样品在去离子水中稀释成5%w/w溶液,并且拍摄和处理结晶材料的图像。在一些情况下,使用所得图像上的任意线测量来确认晶体的粒度。
如果通过援引并入本文的任何专利、专利申请和公开物的披露内容与本申请的说明相冲突到了可能导致术语不清楚的程度,则本说明应优先。
共聚物:
根据本发明的农用组合物包含至少一种具有范围为8.000至17000g/mol的重均分子量的共聚物(i),其通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)至少一种选自丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体、及其混合物的丙烯酸类单体,
b)至少一种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体,和
c)至少一种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;
所述共聚物(i)包含:
·最高达50mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·至少35mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·至少10mol.%的来自(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元。
优选地,该一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体选自丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯;更优选地选自丙烯酸(C4-C10)烷基酯;甚至更优选地选自丙烯酸(C6-C8)烷基酯。
根据特别优选的实施例,(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体是丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
有利地,(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体不是聚氧亚烷基化的,并且更特别地,(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体既不是聚氧亚乙基化的也不是聚氧亚丙基化的。
根据本发明的优选实施例,丙烯酸类单体a)是丙烯酸和至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体;更优选地,丙烯酸类单体a)是丙烯酸和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
优选地,共聚物(i)包含最高达45mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元;更优选地1至45mol.%;甚至更优选地3至45mol.%;并且甚至更好地5至45mol.%。
一种或多种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)可以选自任何不溶于水的非丙烯酸类单体。更特别地,这些单体b)在25℃下和在大气压力(1.013x 105Pa)下在水中的溶解度小于0.5%。
出于本发明的目的,术语“非丙烯酸类单体”旨在意指不含任何丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸、和/或甲基丙烯酸酯部分的单体。
优选地,一种或多种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)可以选自:
-乙烯基芳香族单体如苯乙烯、被一个或多个C1-C6烷基取代的苯乙烯、乙烯基萘、被一个或多个C1-C6烷基取代的乙烯基萘、以及乙烯基甲苯,
-乙酸乙烯酯,
-含有1至12个碳原子的支链或非支链的饱和单羧酸的乙烯酯,例如丙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基“叔碳酸酯(Versatate)”(支链的C9-C11酸酯的注册品牌名称),并且特别是被称为Veova 10的新癸酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己基己酸乙烯酯、或月桂酸乙烯酯;
-含有4至6个碳原子的不饱和二羧酸与含有1至10个碳原子的烷醇的单酯或二酯,例如马来酸或富马酸甲酯、乙酯、丁酯或乙基己酯;以及
-含有6至20个碳原子并且优选8至14个碳原子的α-烯烃,如从雪佛龙菲利普斯公司(Chevron Phillips)以商标名称AlphaPlus可获得的那些。
更优选地,一种或多种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)选自乙烯基芳香族单体;并且甚至更优选地选自苯乙烯、被一个或多个C1-C6烷基取代的苯乙烯、乙烯基萘、被一个或多个C1-C6烷基取代的乙烯基萘、及其混合物。
甚至更好地,疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)是苯乙烯。
优选地,共聚物(i)包含至少40mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元;更优选地40至60mol.%;甚至更优选地40至50mol.%;并且甚至更好地40至45mol.%。
优选地,一种或多种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)是一种或多种(C1-C4)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。
更优选地,一种或多种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)是一种或多种甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体(MPEGMA)。
根据本发明的优选实施例,一种或多种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)具有以下式(II):
其中n是范围为3至30的整数,并且R表示含有1至12个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基。
优选地,(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的乙二醇单元的数目n范围为10至20。
更优选地,一种或多种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)是一种或多种具有以上式(II)的(C1-C4)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,其中R表示含有1至4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。
甚至更优选地,一种或多种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)是一种或多种具有以上式(II)的甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,其中R表示甲基。
优选地,共聚物(i)包含10至30mol.%的来自(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯c)的单元;更好地10至25mol.%;并且甚至更好地10至20mol.%。
更优选地,共聚物(i)包含10至30mol.%的来自(C1-C4)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯c)的单元;更好地10至25mol.%;并且甚至更好地10至20mol.%。
甚至更优选地,共聚物(i)包含10至30mol.%的来自甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯c)的单元;更好地10至25mol.%;并且甚至更好地10至20mol.%。
根据本发明的具体实施例,用于所述共聚物(i)的聚合的单体进一步包括不同于一种或多种丙烯酸类单体a)的甲基丙烯酸单体d)。
换句话说,根据该实施例,共聚物(i)通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)至少一种选自丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体、及其混合物的丙烯酸类单体,
b)至少一种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体,
c)至少一种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,以及
d)甲基丙烯酸,与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂。
更优选地,根据该实施例,共聚物(i)包含0.1至20mol.%的来自甲基丙烯酸f)的单元,例如0.1至15mol%,例如0.1至10mol%,例如0.1至5mol%。在一个实施例中,共聚物(i)包含5至20mol.%的来自甲基丙烯酸的单元。在另一个实施例中,共聚物(i)包含小于5mol%、例如小于2mol%、例如小于1mol%的来自甲基丙烯酸的单元。
根据本发明,共聚物(i)具有范围为8.000至17 000g/mol的重均分子量(Mw)。
更优选地,共聚物(i)具有范围为10 000至17 000g/mol的重均分子量(Mw)。
优选地,共聚物(i)具有小于或等于10 000的数均分子量(Mn)。
特别地,共聚物(i)具有范围为4 000至10 000的数均分子量(Mn)。
更优选地,共聚物(i)具有小于或等于8 000g/mol的数均分子量(Mn);并且甚至更优选地范围为5 000至8 000g/mol。
多分散性指数(PDI)用作聚合物的分子量分布广度的量度。PDI越大,分布越宽。以本身已知的方式,根据以下式将聚合物的PDI计算为重均(Mw)分子量与数均(Mn)分子量的比率:
PDI=Mw/Mn
优选地,如前文所描述的共聚物(i)的多分散性指数范围为1至3,5;更优选地1.5至3;并且甚至更优选地2至2.5。
根据本发明的优选实施例,共聚物(i)不含来自(甲基)丙烯酸单体的强酸衍生物的单元。
(甲基)丙烯酸的强酸衍生物可以包括例如包含硫酸或磺酸基团(或它们的盐)的强酸。此类单体的实例包括甲基烯丙基磺酸钠、苯乙烯磺酸钠、丙烯酰胺基甲基丙基磺酸盐(AMPS)和(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基磺酸盐。
更优选地,根据该实施例,共聚物(i)不含来自以下的单元:2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸钠、苯乙烯磺酸钠、和/或(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基磺酸盐。
出于本发明的目的,术语“不含来自(甲基)丙烯酸单体的强酸衍生物的单元”旨在意指共聚物(i)含有小于0.1mol.%的由至少(甲基)丙烯酸单体的强酸衍生物的自由基聚合产生的单元、且更优选为小于0.01mol.%,并且甚至更优选地该共聚物(i)根本不含(0%mol)由至少(甲基)丙烯酸单体的强酸衍生物的自由基聚合产生的单元。
更优选地,根据该实施例,共聚物(i)含有少于0.1mol.%、且甚至更优选地少于0.01mol.%的来自以下的单元:2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸钠、苯乙烯磺酸钠、和/或(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基磺酸盐单体。甚至更优选地,共聚物(i)根本不含(0%mol)由以下产生的单元:2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸钠、苯乙烯磺酸钠、和/或(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基磺酸盐单体。
根据本发明的特别优选的实施例,共聚物(i)通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-仅以下单体:
a)至少一种选自丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体、及其混合物的丙烯酸类单体,
b)至少一种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体,
c)至少一种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,和,
d)可选地甲基丙烯酸,与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;
所述共聚物(i)包含:
·最高达50mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·至少35mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·至少10mol.%的来自(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元。
为了本发明的目的,术语“仅以下单体”旨在意指共聚物(i)仅包含从如以上所描述的单体a)至d)获得的单元。换句话说,根据该实施例,共聚物(i)不含来自除了如以上所描述的单体a)至d)之外的单体的单元。
应理解,单体a)至d)彼此不同。
本发明中使用的共聚物(i)通过在自由基聚合引发剂和自由基聚合控制剂的存在下使如前文所描述的至少单体a)至c)进行受控的自由基聚合可获得。
可用于自由基聚合的自由基聚合引发剂可以选自本身已知适合用于聚合过程的任何自由基源。
自由基聚合引发剂可以例如选自以下引发剂:
-过氧化辛酸酯、过氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、过氧化异丁酸叔丁酯、过氧化月桂酰、过氧化新戊酸叔戊酯、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、过氧化二异丙苯、过氧化苯甲酰、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵,
-偶氮化合物,如:2-2'-偶氮双(异丁腈)、2,2'-偶氮双(2-丁腈)、4,4'-偶氮双(4-戊酸)、1,1'-偶氮双(环己甲腈)、2-(叔丁基偶氮)-2-氰基丙烷、2,2'-偶氮双[2-甲基-N-(1,1)-双(羟甲基)-2-羟乙基]丙酰胺、2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基-N-羟乙基)丙酰胺、2,2'-偶氮双(N,N'-二亚甲基异丁基脒)二氯化物、2,2'-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)二氯化物、2,2'-偶氮双(N,N'-二亚甲基异丁酰胺)、2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基-N-[1,1-双(羟甲基)-2-羟乙基]丙酰胺)、2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基-N-[1,1-双(羟甲基)乙基]丙酰胺)、2,2'-偶氮双[2-甲基-N-(2-羟乙基)丙酰胺]、或2,2'-偶氮双(异丁酰胺)二水合物,
-包括如以下项的组合的氧化还原体系:
过氧化氢、烷基过氧化物、过酸酯、过碳酸酯等与任何铁盐、三价钛盐、甲醛次硫酸锌或甲醛次硫酸钠、以及还原糖的混合物,与碱金属亚硫酸氢盐(如焦亚硫酸钠)和还原糖组合的碱金属或铵的过硫酸盐、过硼酸盐或过氯酸盐,以及与芳基次膦酸(如苯膦酸等)和还原糖组合的碱金属过硫酸盐。
根据一个有利的实施例,可以使用氧化还原类型的自由基引发剂,其具有不需要对反应介质进行特定加热(没有热引发)的优点。它典型地是至少一种介质可溶的氧化剂与至少一种介质可溶的还原剂的混合物。
氧化还原体系中存在的氧化剂可以选自例如过氧化物,如:过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、氢过氧化枯烯、过氧化乙酸叔丁酯、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化辛酸叔丁酯、过氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、过氧化异丁酸叔丁酯、过氧化月桂酰、过氧化新戊酸叔戊酯、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、过氧化二异丙苯、过氧化苯甲酰、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵或溴酸钾。
氧化还原体系中存在的还原剂可以典型地选自甲醛次硫酸钠(尤其呈二水合物的形式,以名称雕白粉已知,或呈硬石膏形式)、抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐或焦亚硫酸盐(特别是碱金属的亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐或焦亚硫酸盐)、次氮基三丙酰胺以及叔胺和乙醇胺(优选地水溶性的)。
可能的氧化还原体系包括如以下项的组合:
-水溶性过硫酸盐与水溶性叔胺的混合物,水溶性溴酸盐(例如碱金属溴酸盐)与水溶性亚硫酸盐(例如碱金属亚硫酸盐)的混合物,
-过氧化氢、烷基过氧化物、过酸酯、过碳酸酯等与任何铁盐、三价钛盐、甲醛次硫酸锌或甲醛次硫酸钠、以及还原糖的混合物,与碱金属亚硫酸氢盐(如焦亚硫酸钠)和还原糖组合的碱金属或铵的过硫酸盐、过硼酸盐或过氯酸盐,以及与芳基次膦酸(如苯膦酸等)和还原糖组合的碱金属过硫酸盐。
有利的氧化还原体系包括以下项(并且优选地由以下项组成):例如,过硫酸铵和甲醛次硫酸钠的组合。
可以用于受控的自由基聚合的自由基聚合控制剂尤其可以具有以下式(III):
其中:
-Z11表示C、N、O、S或P,
-Z12表示S或P,
-R11表示:
·可选取代的烷基、酰基、芳基、烯烃或炔烃基团(i),或
·饱和或不饱和的、可选取代的或芳香族的碳基环(ii),或
·饱和或不饱和的、可选取代的杂环(iii),这些基团和环(i)、(ii)和(iii)可能被取代的苯基、取代的芳香族的基团或以下基团所取代:烷氧基羰基或芳氧基羰基(-COOR),羧基(-COOH),酰氧基(-O2CR),氨基甲酰基(-CONR2),氰基(-CN),烷基羰基,烷基芳基羰基,芳基羰基,芳基烷基羰基,苯二甲酰亚胺基,马来酰亚胺基,琥珀酰亚胺基,脒基,胍基,羟基(-OH),氨基(-NR2),卤素,烯丙基,环氧基,烷氧基(-OR),S-烷基,S-芳基,亲水性或离子性的基团如羧酸的碱金属盐、磺酸的碱金属盐,聚环氧烷(PEO或PPO)链以及阳离子取代基(季铵盐),
R表示C1-C8烷基或芳基,
-x对应于Z11的化合价,或可替代地x为0,在这种情况下,Z11表示苯基、烯基或炔基,其可选地被以下取代:可选取代的烷基;酰基;芳基;烯基或炔基;可选取代的、饱和的、不饱和的、或芳香族的碳基环;可选取代的、饱和或不饱和的杂环;烷氧基羰基或芳氧基羰基(-COOR);羧基(COOH);酰氧基(-O2CR);氨基甲酰基(-CONR2);氰基(-CN);烷基羰基;烷基芳基羰基;芳基羰基;芳基烷基羰基;苯二甲酰亚胺基;马来酰亚胺基;琥珀酰亚胺基;脒基;胍基;羟基(-OH);氨基(-NR2);卤素;烯丙基;环氧基;烷氧基(-OR),S-烷基;S-芳基;亲水性或离子性的基团,如羧酸的碱金属盐、磺酸的碱金属盐,聚环氧烷(PEO或PPO)链以及阳离子取代基(季铵盐);并且
-R1表示:
可选取代的烷基、酰基、芳基、芳烷基、烯基或炔基,饱和或不饱和的、芳香族的可选取代的碳环或杂环,或聚合物链。
R1,当被取代时,可以被可选取代的苯基、可选取代的芳香族基团、饱和或不饱和的碳环、饱和或不饱和的杂环、或选自以下项的基团取代:烷氧基羰基或芳氧基羰基(-COOR),羧基(-COOH),酰氧基(-O2CR),氨基甲酰基(-CONR2),氰基(-CN),烷基羰基,烷基芳基羰基,芳基羰基,芳基烷基羰基,苯二甲酰亚胺基,马来酰亚胺基,琥珀酰亚胺基,脒基,胍基,羟基(-OH),氨基(-NR2),卤素,全氟烷基CnF2n+1,烯丙基,环氧基,烷氧基(-OR),S-烷基,S-芳基,亲水性或离子性的基团如羧酸的碱金属盐、磺酸的碱金属盐,聚环氧烷链(PEO、PPO),阳离子取代基(季铵盐),R表示烷基或芳基、或聚合物链。
根据一个具体的实施例,R1是取代或未取代的烷基,优选取代的烷基。
在以上式(III)的定义中提及的可选取代的烷基、酰基、芳基、芳烷基或炔基通常含有1至20个碳原子、优选1至12个并且更优选地1至9个碳原子。它们可以是直链或支链的。它们还可以被氧原子(特别是以酯的形式)、或硫原子或氮原子取代。
在烷基中,可以尤其提及甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、辛基、癸基或十二烷基。
出于本发明对式(III)的描述的目的,炔基是通常含有2至10个碳原子的基团,并且含有至少一个炔属不饱和度,如乙炔基。
出于本发明对式(III)的描述的目的,酰基是具有羰基的通常含有1至20个碳原子的基团。在根据本发明可以使用的芳基中,可以特别提及苯基,其可选地尤其被硝基或羟基官能团取代。
在芳烷基中,可以尤其提及苄基或苯乙基,这些基团可选地尤其被硝基或羟基官能团取代。
当R1是聚合物链时,此聚合物链可以衍生自自由基聚合或离子聚合或者衍生自缩聚。
有利地,自由基聚合控制剂是黄原酸酯化合物,例如具有式(CH3CH(CO2CH3))S(C=S)OCH2CH3的O-乙基-S-(1-甲氧基羰基乙基)黄原酸酯。
特别适合于受控的自由基聚合的控制剂是由索尔维公司(Solvay)以名称A1销售的化合物。
优选地,根据本发明的农用化学品组合物中的一种或多种共聚物(i)的量相对于组合物的总重量范围为按重量计0.001%至50%、更优选地按重量计0.005%至20%、甚至更优选地按重量计0.01%至10%、并且甚至更优选地按重量计0.1%至5%。
本发明还涉及如先前所描述的共聚物(i)在包含至少一种农业材料的农用化学组合物中作为分散剂的用途。
农业材料
根据本发明的农用化学组合物包含至少一种农业材料。
如本文所用,术语“农业材料”意指在农业实践(包括耕种用于作物生长的土壤)中所使用的活性成分。然而,农业材料的用途不限于应用于作物。农业材料可以应用于任何表面,例如出于清洁或帮助或抑制活生物体生长的目的。其他非作物应用包括但不限于应用于动物,例如牲畜,应用于草皮和观赏植物,以及应用于铁路杂草。
优选地,一种或多种农业材料选自杀有害生物剂、抗微生物剂、营养素、生物刺激剂、植物生长调节剂及其混合物。
例如,杀有害生物剂包括杀真菌剂、除草剂、杀昆虫剂、杀藻剂、杀软体动物剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂和杀鼠剂。
例如,抗微生物剂包括杀菌剂、抗生素、抗细菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂、抗原生动物剂、抗寄生虫剂。
更优选地,一种或多种农业材料选自杀真菌剂、除草剂、杀昆虫剂、杀藻剂、杀软体动物剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀鼠剂、杀菌剂、抗生素、抗细菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂、抗原生动物剂、抗寄生虫剂及其混合物。
用于根据本发明的组合物中的合适的杀有害生物剂、抗微生物剂、植物生长调节剂、营养素和生物刺激剂可以选自来自CRODA的国际申请WO 2019/185851中所引用的那些。
术语‘杀有害生物剂’应理解为是指旨在用于防止、破坏、驱除、或减轻任何有害生物的任何物质或物质的混合物。杀有害生物剂可以是用于对抗有害生物的化学物质、生物制剂(如巨生物体、微生物体)、化学信息素(如信息素)或矿物、植物或动物来源的天然物质,这些有害生物包括昆虫、植物病原体、杂草、软体动物、鸟、哺乳动物、鱼、线虫(蛔虫)和微生物,其与人竞争食物、破坏财产、传播疾病或造成妨害。杀有害生物剂包括生物杀有害生物剂。技术人员熟悉此类杀有害生物剂,其可以例如在Pesticide Manual[杀有害生物剂手册],第16版(2013),英国作物保护委员会,伦敦中找到。在以下实例中,给出了适合用于根据本发明的农业化学组合物的杀有害生物剂。
优选地,根据本发明,杀有害生物剂选自杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、杀螨剂及其混合物。
杀真菌剂是指用于防止真菌在园林和作物中传播的任何物质或物质的混合物。杀真菌剂也用于对抗真菌感染。杀真菌剂可以是接触性的或内吸性的。接触性杀真菌剂在真菌与保留在叶子表面上的杀真菌剂接触时杀死真菌。内吸性杀真菌剂被吸收到植物组织中并且在真菌试图侵入宿主时杀死真菌。
可用于本披露的杀真菌剂的实例包括但不限于:(3-乙氧基丙基)-溴化汞、2-甲氧基乙基氯化汞、2-苯基苯酚、8-羟基喹啉硫酸盐、8-苯基汞氧喹啉、阿拉酸式苯、阿拉酸式苯-S-甲基、八九十混酸(acypetacs)、八九十混酸铜、八九十混酸锌、杀螟丹(aldimorph)、烯丙醇、唑嘧菌胺、吲唑磺菌胺、氨丙膦酸(ampropylfos)、敌菌灵、金色制霉素、阿扎康唑、氧化福美双、嘧菌酯、多硫化钡、苯霜灵、精苯霜灵、麦锈灵、苯菌灵、醌肟腙、苯它隆、苯噻菌胺、苯噻菌胺异丙酯、苯扎氯铵、苄氨氰丙烯酸、苄氨氰丙烯酸异丁酯、抑菌啉、苯甲羟肟酸、苯噻噁唑嗪、乐杀螨、联苯、联苯三唑醇、硫氯酚、氯氟联苯吡菌胺、灰瘟素(blasticidin-S)、波尔多液、啶酰菌胺、糠菌唑、乙嘧酚磺酸酯、碳酸钠波尔多液、丁硫啶、丁胺、多硫化钙、敌菌丹、克菌丹、吗菌威、多菌灵、萎锈灵、环丙酰菌胺、香芹酮、切欣特混合液、灭螨猛、灭瘟唑、双胺灵、四氯对醌、苯咪唑菌、氯二硝萘、氯苯甲醚、氯化苦、百菌清、四氯喹噁啉、乙菌利、咪菌酮、克霉唑、乙酸铜、碱式碳酸铜、氢氧化铜、环烷酸铜、油酸铜、氯氧化铜、硅酸铜、硫酸铜、铬酸铜锌、甲酚、硫杂灵、福美铜氯、氧化亚铜、氰霜唑、环菌胺、放线菌酮、环氟菌胺、霜脲氰、氰菌灵、环丙唑醇、嘧菌环胺、棉隆、棉隆钠、DBCP、咪菌威、癸磷锡、脱氢乙酸、苯氟磺胺、二氯萘醌、双氯酚、菌核利、苄氯三唑醇、双氯氰菌胺、哒菌酮、哒菌酮钠、氯硝胺、乙霉威、焦碳酸二乙酯、苯醚甲环唑、氟嘧菌胺、二甲嘧酚、烯酰吗啉、醚菌胺、烯唑醇、精烯唑醇、消螨通、敌螨普、敌螨普-4、敌螨普-6、邻敌螨消、硝戊酯、硝辛酯、硝丁酯、二苯胺、吡菌硫、双硫仑、灭菌磷、二氰蒽醌、DNOC、DNOC-铵、DNOC-钾、DNOC-钠、十二环吗啉、十二环吗啉乙酸盐、十二环吗啉苯甲酸盐、多敌菌、多敌菌钠、多果定、肼菌酮、敌瘟磷、氟环唑、乙环唑、代森硫、噻唑菌胺、乙嘧酚、乙氧喹啉、2,3-二羟基丙基硫烷基乙基汞、乙酸乙基汞、乙基溴化汞、乙基氯化汞、磷酸乙基汞、土菌灵、噁唑菌酮、咪唑菌酮、敌磺钠、咪菌腈、氯苯嘧啶醇、腈苯唑、甲呋酰胺、环酰菌胺、种衣酯、稻瘟酰胺、拌种咯、苯锈啶、丁苯吗啉、三苯锡、三苯基氯化锡、三苯基氢氧化锡、福美铁、嘧菌腙、氟啶胺、氟噁菌(fiudioxonil)、氟酰菌胺、氟吗啉、氟吡菌胺、氟吡菌酰胺、氟氯菌核利、三氟苯唑、氟嘧菌酯、氟喹唑、氟硅唑、磺菌胺、氟噻唑菌腈、氟酰胺、粉唑醇、氟唑菌酰胺、灭菌丹、甲醛、乙膦酸、乙膦酸铝、麦穗宁、呋霜灵、呋吡菌胺、二甲呋酰胺、呋菌唑、顺式呋菌唑、糠醛、拌种胺、呋甲硫菌灵、果绿啶、灰黄霉素、双胍辛、丙烯酸喹啉酯、六氯苯、六氯丁二烯、己唑醇、环己硫磷、萘磺汞、噁霉灵、抑霉唑、抑霉唑硝酸盐、抑霉唑硫酸盐、亚胺唑、双胍辛胺、双胍辛胺三乙酸盐、双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐、碘甲烷、种菌唑、异稻瘟净、异菌脲、缬霉威、稻瘟灵、吡唑萘菌胺、异噻菌胺、氯苯咪菌酮、春雷霉素、醚菌酯、代森锰铜、代森锰锌、双炔酰菌胺、代森锰、邻酰胺、苯并威、嘧菌胺、灭锈胺、硝苯菌酯、氯化汞、氧化汞、氯化亚汞、甲霜灵、精甲霜灵、百亩、百亩铵、百亩钾、百亩钠、间肼菌酮、叶菌唑、磺菌威、呋菌胺、溴甲烷、异硫氰酸甲酯、甲基汞苯甲酸酯、氰胍甲汞、五氯酚甲汞、代森联、苯氧菌胺、苯菌酮、噻菌胺、代森环、腈菌唑、甲菌利、N-(乙基汞)-对甲苯-磺酰苯胺、代森钠、纳他霉素、硝基苯乙烯、酞菌酯、氟苯嘧啶醇、OCH、辛噻酮、呋酰胺、肟醚菌胺、噁霜灵、喹啉铜、噁咪唑、噁咪唑富马酸盐、氧化萎锈灵、稻瘟酯、戊菌唑、戊菌隆、氟唑菌苯胺、五氯酚、吡噻菌胺、苯汞脲、乙酸苯汞、氯化苯汞、邻苯二酚的苯汞衍生物、硝酸苯汞、水杨酸苯汞、氯瘟磷、四氯苯酞、啶氧菌酯、哌丙灵、代森福美锌、多抗霉素(polyoxins)、多抗霉素(polyoxorim)、多抗霉素锌、叠氮化钾、多硫化钾、硫氰酸钾、烯丙苯噻唑、咪鲜胺、腐霉利、霜霉威、霜霉威盐酸盐、丙环唑、丙森锌、丙氧碘喹啉、硫菌威、硫菌威盐酸盐、丙硫菌唑、吡喃灵、吡唑醚菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、唑胺菌酯、唑菌酯、吡菌磷、吡菌苯威、啶菌腈、啶斑肟、嘧霉胺、苯啶菌酮、咯喹酮、吡氯灵、氯吡呋醚、喹菌乙酮、喹菌乙酮硫酸盐、醌菌腙、喹唑菌酮、苯氧喹啉、五氯硝基苯、吡咪唑、水杨苯胺、氟唑环菌胺、硅噻菌胺、硅氟唑、叠氮钠、邻苯基苯酚钠、五氯酚钠、多硫化钠、螺环菌胺、链霉素、硫、戊苯砜、TCMTB、戊唑醇、异丁乙氧喹啉、叶枯酞、四氯硝基苯、福代硫、四氟醚唑、噻菌灵、噻二呋、噻菌腈、噻呋酰胺、灭菌酞胺、硫柳汞、硫菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、克杀螨、福美双、噻酰菌胺、硫氰苯甲酰胺、甲基立枯磷、甲苯氟磺胺、甲苯汞乙酸、三唑酮、三唑醇、威菌磷、triarimoi、叶锈特、咪唑嗪、三丁氧化锡、水杨菌胺、三环唑、十三吗啉、肟菌酯、氟菌唑、嗪氨灵、灭菌唑、烯效唑、精烯效唑、井冈霉素、缬菌胺、乙烯菌核利、氰菌胺、环烷酸锌、代森锌、福美锌、苯酰菌胺及其混合物。
除草剂是用于杀死不需要的植物的杀有害生物剂。选择性除草剂杀死特定目标,同时使期望作物相对不受伤害。这些中的一些通过干扰杂草的生长而起作用,并且通常基于植物激素。用于清除荒地的除草剂是非选择性的并且杀死与它们接触的所有植物材料。除草剂广泛用于农业和景观草皮管理。它们应用于高速公路和铁路维护的全植被控制(TVC)项目中。少量用于林业、牧场系统和留作野生动物栖息地的区域的管理。
可用于本披露的除草剂的实例包括但不限于:4-CPA、4-CPB、4-CPP、2,4-D、3,4-DA、2,4-DB、3,4-DB、2,4-DEB、2,4-DEP、3,4-DP、2,3,6-TBA、2,4,5-T、2,4,5-TB、乙草胺、三氟羧草醚、苯草醚、丙烯醛、甲草胺、二丙烯草胺、禾草灭、烯丙醇、五氯戊酮烯酸、特津酮、莠灭净、特草嗪酮、氨唑草酮、酰嘧磺隆、氯丙嘧啶酸、氯氨吡啶酸、甲基胺草磷、杀草强、氨基磺酸铵、莎稗磷、疏草隆、磺草灵、莠去通、莠去津、唑啶草酮、四唑嘧磺隆、叠氮净、燕麦灵、BCPC、氟丁酰草胺、草除灵酸、苯唑磺隆、乙丁氟灵、呋草黄、苄嘧磺隆酸、地散磷、灭草松、胺酸杀、双苯嘧草酮、苄草胺、双环磺草酮、吡草酮、氟横胺草(benzofiuor)、新燕灵酸、苯噻隆、氟吡草酮、甲羧除草醚、双丙氨膦酸、双草醚、硼砂、除草啶、糠溴草腈、溴丁酰草胺、溴酚肟、溴苯腈、溴莠敏、丁草胺、氟丙嘧草酯、抑草磷、丁烯草胺、丁噻咪草酮、丁噻草隆、仲丁灵、丁苯草酮、炔草隆、丁草敌、二甲胂酸、唑草胺、氯酸钙、氰氨化钙、克草胺酯、除草隆、双酰草胺、特噁唑威chiorprocarb、唑草酸、CDEA、CEPC、甲氧除草醚、草灭畏、丁酰草胺、炔禾灵、可乐津、氯溴隆、氯炔灵、乙氧隆、伐草克、燕麦酸、氟脒杀、氯羟芴酸、氯草敏、氯嘧磺隆酸、草枯醚、三氯丙酸、绿麦隆、枯草隆、羟敌草腈、氯苯胺灵、氯磺隆、氯酞酸、氯硫酰草胺、吲哚酮草酯、环庚草醚、醚磺隆、咯草隆、烯草酮、碘氯啶酯、炔草酸、草丙酸、异噁草酮、氯甲酰草胺、调果酸、环己烯草酮、二氯吡啶酸、氯酯磺草胺酸、CMA、硫酸铜、CPMF、CPPC、醚草敏、混甲基苯酚、二苯隆、氰草净、氰草津、环草敌、环丙嘧磺隆、噻草酮、环莠隆、氰氟草酯酸、牧草快、环丙津、环噻唑、环酰草胺、杀草隆、茅草枯、棉隆、异丁草胺、甜菜安、敌草净、燕麦敌、麦草畏、敌草腈、氯全隆、dichloiTnate、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、精2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop-P)、禾草灵酸、双氯磺草胺、二乙除草双、乙酰甲草胺酸、氟苯戊烯酸、枯莠隆、野燕枯、吡氟酰草胺、二氟吡隆、噁唑隆、哌草丹、二甲草胺、异戊乙净、二甲吩草胺、精二甲吩草胺、敌灭生、草哒酮、氨氟灵、地乐特、丙硝苯酚、戊硝酚、地乐酚、特乐酚、双苯酰草胺、异丙净、敌草快、赛松、氟硫草啶、敌草隆、DMPA、DNOC、DSMA、EBEP、草止津、茵多酸、三唑磺、EPTC、抑草蓬、戊草丹、乙丁烯氟灵、胺苯磺隆酸、磺噻隆、硫草敌、乙氧呋草黄、氟乳醚、乙氧磺隆、硝草酚、乙胺草醚、乙氧苯草胺、EXD、酰苯磺威、2,4,5-涕丙酸(fenoprop)、噁唑禾草灵酸、精噁唑禾草灵酸(fenoxaprop-P)、苯磺噁唑草、三氯苯氧乙醇、噻唑禾草灵酸、四唑酰草胺、非草隆、硫酸亚铁、麦草氟、精麦草氟、啶嘧磺隆、双氟磺草胺、吡氟禾草灵酸、精吡氟禾草灵酸、异丙吡草酯、氟唑磺隆、氟吡磺隆、氯乙氟灵、氟噻草胺、氟苯啶草、氟哒嗪草酸、唑嘧磺草胺、三氟噁嗪、氟烯草酸、丙炔氟草胺、炔草胺、氟草隆、三氟硝草醚、乙羧氟草醚酸、克草啶、氟除草醚、氟硫隆、氟胺草唑、氟嘧苯甲酸、四氟丙酸、氟啶嘧磺隆酸、氟啶草酮、氟咯草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸、呋草酮、嗪草酸、氟磺胺草醚、甲酰氨基嘧磺隆、杀木膦、呋氧草醚、草铵膦、精草铵膦、草甘膦、氟硝磺酰胺、氯吡嘧磺隆酸、氟啶草、氟吡禾灵、高效氟吡禾灵酸、六氯丙酮、六氟盐、环嗪酮、咪草酸、甲氧咪草烟、甲咪唑烟酸、咪唑烟酸、咪唑喹啉酸、咪唑乙烟酸、唑吡嘧磺隆、茚草酮、indazifiam、碳烯碘草腈、碘甲烷、甲基碘磺隆酸、碘苯腈、抑草津、三唑酰草胺、丙草啶、丁咪酰胺、异草定、丁嗪草酮、异草完隆、异丙禾草敌、异丙乐灵、异丙隆、异噁隆、异噁酰草胺、异噁氯草酮、异噁唑草酮、异噁草醚、特胺灵、ketospiradox、乳氟禾草灵、环草啶、利谷隆、MAA、MAMA、MCPA、二甲四氯乙硫酯(MCPA-thioethyl)、MCPB、二甲四氯丙酸、精二甲四氯丙酸、丁硝酚、苯噻酰草胺、氟磺酰草胺、灭莠津、二磺隆酸、硝磺草酮、威百亩、噁唑酰草胺、苯嗪草酮、吡唑草胺、嗪吡嘧磺隆、氟哒草、甲基苯噻隆、氟烯硝草、灭草唑、甲硫苯威、甲硫唑草啉、灭草脲、醚草通、甲氧丙净、溴甲烷、异硫氰酸甲酯、甲基杀草隆、吡喃隆、溴谷隆、异丙甲草胺、磺草唑胺、甲氧隆、嗪草酮、甲磺隆、禾草敌、庚酰草胺、特噁唑隆、单氯乙酸、绿谷隆、灭草隆、伐草快、MSMA、萘丙胺、敌草胺、萘草胺、草不隆、烟嘧磺隆、氟氯草胺、甲磺乐灵、除草醚、三氟甲草醚、氟草敏、草完隆、OCH、坪草丹、邻二氯苯、嘧苯胺磺隆、氨磺乐灵、丙炔噁草酮、噁草酮、草哒松、环氧嘧磺隆、噁嗪草酮、乙氧氟草醚、parafluoron、百草枯、克草敌、壬酸、二甲戊灵、五氟磺草胺、五氯酚、甲氯酰草胺、环戊噁草酮、氟草磺胺、烯草胺、棉胺宁、甜菜宁、甜菜宁乙酯、酰草隆、乙酸苯汞、氨氯吡啶酸、氟吡酰草胺、唑啉草酯、哌草磷、亚砷酸钾、叠氮化钾、氰酸钾、丙草胺、氟嘧磺隆酸、环丙腈津、氨氟乐灵、氟唑草胺、环丙氟灵、环苯草酮、甘扑津、扑灭通、扑草净、毒草胺、敌稗、噁草酸、扑灭津、苯胺灵、异丙草胺、丙苯磺隆、丙嗪嘧磺隆、炔苯酰草胺、甲硫磺乐灵、苄草丹、氟磺隆、扑灭生、丙炔草胺、比达农、双唑草腈、吡草醚酸、磺酰草吡唑、吡唑特、吡嘧磺隆酸、苄草唑、嘧啶肟草醚、稗草丹、氯草啶、氯苯哒醇、哒草特、环酯草醚、嘧草醚酸、嘧氟磺草胺、嘧草硫醚、砜吡草唑、啶磺草胺、二氯喹啉酸、氯甲喹啉酸、灭藻醌、氯藻胺、喹禾灵酸、精喹禾灵酸、硫氰苯胺、砜嘧磺隆、苯嘧磺草胺、精异丙甲草胺、另丁津、仲丁通、烯禾啶、环草隆、西玛津、西玛通、西草净、SMA、亚砷酸钠、叠氮化钠、氯酸钠、磺草酮、菜草畏、甲磺草胺、甲嘧磺隆酸、磺酰磺隆、硫酸、吖庚磺酯、灭草灵、TCA、牧草胺、丁噻隆、呋喃磺草酮、环磺酮、吡喃草酮、特草啶、特草灵、特丁草胺、特丁通、特丁津、特丁净、四氟隆、噻吩草胺、噻氟隆(thiazafluoron)、噻唑烟酸、噻二唑草胺、噻苯隆、噻酮磺隆、噻吩磺隆酸、禾草丹、仲草丹、嘧草胺、苯唑草酮、三甲苯草酮、野麦畏、醚苯磺隆、三嗪氟草胺、苯磺隆酸、杀草畏、三氯吡氧乙酸、灭草环、草达津、三氟啶磺隆、氟乐灵、氟胺磺隆酸、三氟禾草酸、三氟禾草肟、氰尿酸、异草隆、三丙草茚、草达克三氟甲磺隆、灭草猛(vemolate)、二甲苯草胺及其混合物。
安全剂意指与除草剂一起施用以保护作物免受伤害的活性成分。可用于本披露的一些安全剂包括但不限于:解草嗪、禾草丹、芸苔素内酯、解草酯(解毒喹)、解草胺腈、杀草隆、烯丙酰草胺、二环酮、哌草丹、乙拌磷、解草唑、解草啶、解草胺、氟草肟、解草噁唑、双苯噁唑乙酯、吡唑解草酯、MG 191、MON 4660、萘酐(NA)、解草腈、R29148、N-苯基磺酰基苯甲酸酰胺及其混合物。
杀昆虫剂是用于对抗所有发育形式的昆虫的杀有害生物剂,并且包括用于对抗昆虫卵和幼虫的杀卵剂和杀幼虫剂。杀昆虫剂用于农业、医药、工业和家庭中。
可用于本披露的杀昆虫剂的实例包括但不限于:1,2-二氯丙烷、阿维菌素、高灭磷、啶虫脒、家蝇磷、乙酰虫腈、氟丙菊酯、丙烯腈、棉铃威、涕灭威、涕灭氧威、阿耳德林、亚列宁、阿洛氨菌素、除害威、α-氯氰菊酯、α-蜕皮激素、α-硫丹、赛硫磷、灭害威、胺吸磷、胺吸磷草酸盐、双甲脒、新烟碱、乙基杀扑磷、印楝素、甲基吡噁磷、乙基谷硫磷、甲基谷硫磷、偶氮磷、六氟硅酸钡、椒菊酯、噁虫威、丙硫克百威、杀虫磺、高效氟氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、生物烯丙菊酯、生物乙酸次甲酯、生物氯菊酯、双三氟虫脲(bistrifluoron)、硼砂、硼酸、溴苯烯磷、溴环烯、溴-DDT、溴硫磷、乙基溴硫磷、丁苯氨酯、噻嗪酮、畜虫威、脱甲基丁嘧啶磷、丁酮威、布托酯、丁酮氧威、硫线磷、砷酸钙、多硫化钙、毒杀芬、氯灭杀威、甲萘威、呋喃丹、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、三硫磷、丁硫克百威、杀螟丹、杀螟丹盐酸盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺、冰片丹、氯丹、十氯酮、杀虫脒、杀虫脒盐酸盐、氯氧磷、溴虫腈、氯芬磷、定虫隆、氯甲磷、氯仿、氯化苦、氯辛硫磷、氯吡唑磷、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、虫螨磷、环虫酰肼、瓜菊酯I、瓜菊酯II、瓜菊酯、顺式苄呋菊酯、除线威、氯生太尔、呋虫胺、乙酰亚砷酸铜、砷酸铜、环烷酸铜、油酸铜、库马磷、环毒硫磷、克罗米通、丁烯磷、克芦磷酯、冰晶石、苯腈磷、杀螟腈、果虫磷、溴氰虫酰胺、环菊酯、乙氰菊酯、百树菊酯、三氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、苯醚氰菊酯、环丙氨嗪、赛灭磷、DDT、单甲基克百威、溴氰菊酯、田乐磷、田乐磷-O、田乐磷-S、内吸磷、内吸磷-甲基、内吸磷-O、内吸磷-O-甲基、内吸磷-S、内吸磷-S-甲基、内吸磷-S-甲磺酸、杀螨隆、氯亚磷、硅藻土、二嗪磷、异氯硫磷、除线磷、敌敌畏、敌来死、百治磷、地昔尼尔、狄氏剂、伏虫脲、双羟丙茶碱、四氟甲醚菊酯、二美氟、地麦威、乐果、苄菊酯、甲基毒虫畏、敌蝇威、消螨酚、消螨酚二环己胺盐、丙硝酚、戊硝酚、噻虫胺、苯虫醚、蔬果磷、二氧威、敌杀磷、乙拌磷、噻喃磷、右旋苧烯、DNOC、DNOC-铵、DNOC-钾、DNOC-钠、多拉菌素、蜕皮激素、甲氨基阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、EMPC、empenfhrin、硫丹、因毒磷、异狄氏剂、EPN、保幼醚、依普菌素、S-生物烯丙菊酯(esdepallethrine)、高氰戊菊酯、依他磷、乙硫苯威、乙硫磷、乙虫腈、益硫磷、灭线磷、甲酸乙酯、乙滴涕、二溴化乙烯、二氯化乙烯、环氧乙烷、醚菊酯、氧嘧啶磷、EXD、氨磺磷、苯线磷、伏螨唑、芬氯磷、双乙威、五氟苯菊酯、杀螟硫磷、仲丁威、氧嘧酰胺、苯氧威、吡氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、葑硫松、倍硫磷、乙基倍硫磷、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟啶虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氟氯双苯隆、氟螨脲、氟氰菊酯、嘧虫胺、氟虫脲、三氟醚菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、地虫硫膦、伐虫脒、伐虫脒盐酸盐、安硫磷、胺甲威(fomiparanate)、胺甲威盐酸盐、丁苯硫磷、氧化甲基毒死蜱(fospirate)、丁硫环磷、呋喃虫酰肼、呋线威、糠菊酯、γ-三氯氟氰菊酯、γ-HCH、溴氟醚菊酯、氯虫酰肼、HCH、HEOD、七氯、庚烯磷、速杀硫磷、氟铃脲、HHDN、氟蚁腙、氰化氢、烯虫乙酯、喹啉威、吡虫啉、炔咪菊酯、茚虫威、碘甲烷、IPSP、氯唑磷、碳氯灵、水胺硫磷、异艾氏剂、异柳磷、甲基异柳磷、异丙威、稻瘟灵、异丙磷、异噁唑磷、伊维菌素、茉莉菊酯I、茉莉菊酯II、碘硫磷、保幼激素I、保幼激素II、保幼激素III、氯戊环、烯虫炔酯、λ-氯氟氰菊酯、砷酸铅、雷皮菌素、对溴磷、林丹、啶虫磷、虱螨脲、除害磷、马拉硫磷、丙螨氰、叠氮磷、灭蚜磷、甲基灭蚜磷、灭蚜松、氯氟醚菊酯、二噻磷、氯化亚汞、倍硫磷亚砜、氰氟虫腙、虫螨畏、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、灭虫威、久效磷、灭多虫、甲氧普烯、甲醚菊酯、甲氧滴滴涕、甲氧虫酰肼、溴甲烷、异硫氰酸甲酯、甲基氯仿、二氯甲烷、甲氧苄氟菊酯、速灭威、唾虫酮、速灭磷、自克威、米尔倍霉素、米尔倍霉素肟、丙胺氟磷、灭蚁灵、杀虫单(molosultap)、久效磷、杀虫单(monomehypo)、杀虫单(mono sultap)、茂硫磷、莫昔克丁、萘肽磷、二溴磷、萘、烟碱、尼氟利地、烯虫灵、硝虫噻嗪、腈叉威、双苯氟脲、多氟脲、氧化乐果、草氨酰、亚砜磷、异亚砜磷、砜拌磷、对二氯苯、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氟幼脲、五氯酚、扑灭司林、芬硫磷、苯氧司林、稻丰散、甲拌磷、伏杀硫磷、环硫磷、亚胺硫磷、对氯硫磷、磷胺、磷化氢、辛硫磷、甲基辛硫磷、甲胺嘧磷、抗蚜威、乙基嘧啶磷、甲基嘧啶磷、亚砷酸氢钾、硫氰酸钾、pp'-DDT、右旋丙炔菊酯、早熟烯I、早熟烯II、早熟烯III、乙酰嘧啶磷、丙溴磷、环丙氟灵、丙氟菊酯、蜱虱威、猛杀威、丙虫磷、胺丙畏、残杀威、乙噻唑磷、丙硫磷、发硫磷、氟苯醚菊酯、吡蚜酮、吡唑硫磷、吡嗪氟虫腈、定菌磷、呋喃菊酯、除虫菊酯I、除虫菊酯II、除虫菊酯、哒螨酮、啶虫丙醚、哒嗪硫磷、吡氟喹虫唑、嘧螨醚、嘧啶磷、吡啶氟虫腈、蚊蝇醚、苦木提取物(quassia)、喹硫磷、甲基喹硫磷、畜宁磷、雷复尼特、苄呋菊酯、鱼藤酮、鱼尼丁、藜芦碱、八甲磷、司拉克丁、硅烃菊酯、硅胶、亚砷酸钠、氟化钠、六氟硅酸钠、硫氰酸钠、苏硫磷、乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素、螺甲螨酯、螺虫乙酯、磺虫隆、磺虫隆钠、氟虫胺、治螟磷、氟啶虫胺腈、硫酰氟、硫丙磷、氟胺氰菊酯、噻螨威、TDE、虫酰肼、吡螨胺、嘧丙磷、伏虫脲、七氟菊酯、替美磷、TEPP、环戊烯丙菊酯、叔丁磷、四氯乙烷、杀虫畏、四甲菊酯、四氟醚菊酯、θ-氯氰菊酯、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻氯磷、抗虫威、杀虫环、杀虫环草酸盐、硫双威、久效威、二甲硫吸磷、杀虫磺丙烷、杀虫双、杀虫单、苏云金素、唑虫酰胺、四溴菊酯、四氟菊酯、反式苄氯菊酯、苯螨噻、唑蚜威、三唑磷、敌百虫、异皮蝇磷-3、壤虫磷、氯苯乙丙磷、杀铃脲、混杀威、烯虫硫酯、蚜灭磷、氟吡唑虫、XMC、灭杀威、ζ-氯氰菊酯、丙硫噁唑磷(zolaprofos)及其混合物。
杀螨剂是杀死螨的杀有害生物剂。抗生素杀螨剂、氨基甲酸酯杀螨剂、甲脒杀螨剂、螨生长调节剂、有机氯、苄氯菊酯和有机磷酸酯杀螨剂均属于该类别。
杀软体动物剂是用于控制软体动物如蛾、蛞蝓和蜗牛的杀有害生物剂。这些物质包括聚乙醛、灭虫威和硫酸铝。
杀线虫剂是一种用于杀死寄生线虫(蠕虫门)的化学杀有害生物剂。
优选地,相对于组合物的总重量,组合物中一种或多种杀有害生物剂的量范围为按重量计1%至95%。
优选地,相对于组合物的总重量,组合物中一种或多种抗微生物剂的量范围为按重量计1%至95%。
优选地,相对于组合物的总重量,组合物中一种或多种抗微生物剂的量和一种或多种杀有害生物剂的量的总和范围为按重量计1%至95%
根据本发明的组合物可以包含至少一种生物杀有害生物剂。
根据本发明,术语“生物杀有害生物剂”包括控制有害生物的微生物(微生物杀有害生物剂)、控制有害生物的巨生物体、控制有害生物的化学信息素和控制有害生物的矿物、植物或动物来源的天然物质。
微生物杀有害生物剂意指任何微生物,无论处于营养性状态、休眠状态(例如,孢子)或全肉汤培养物,源自微生物的任何物质(例如,代谢物),或任何发酵产物(例如,上清液、滤液、提取物等),其对有害生物是致病的(例如,能够侵袭、感染、杀死、致残、致病、与有害生物竞争和/或对有害生物造成损害),并且因此能够通过不利地影响目标有害生物的生存能力或生长而用于控制有害生物。“微生物杀有害生物剂”的非限制性实例包括微生物杀线虫剂、微生物杀昆虫剂、微生物杀真菌剂、微生物杀细菌剂和微生物杀病毒剂)。
优选地,生物杀有害生物剂选自真菌孢子和/或细菌孢子。
杀昆虫或杀线虫或杀真菌的真菌孢子或分生孢子的实例包括但不限于以下类别:担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)、壶菌纲(Chytridiomycetes)、半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)、丝壶菌纲(Hyphochytridiomycetes)、卵菌纲(Oomycetes)、根肿菌纲(Plasmodiophoromycetes)、Sordahomycetes、Thchomycetes和接合菌纲(Zygomycetes),特别是以下真菌;多孢节丛孢(Arthrobotrys superba)、Arthrobotrys irregular、白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)、新蚜虫疫霉(Erynia neoaphidis)、镰刀菌属物种(Fusariumspp.)、洛斯里被毛孢(Hirsute/Ia rhossiliensis)、汤氏多毛菌(Hirsutellathompsonii)、大链壶菌(Lagenidium giganteum)、绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)、漆斑菌(Myrothecium)、弗氏新接霉蚜霉菌(Neozygietes fresenii)(Nowakowski)、莱氏野村菌(Nomuraea rileyi)、淡紫色拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus)、绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chloroaphis)、假单胞菌属物种(Pseudomonas spp.)、PsedozymaFlocculosa、哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)和Vericillium lecanii.、蜡蚧轮枝菌(Verticillium lecanii),加上书籍“Nematology Advances and Perspectives[线虫学进展与展望],第2卷(2004)”中所描述的那些内寄生真菌,其通过援引以其相关部分并入本文。还包括如美国专利号6,168,947(通过援引并入)中所描述的真菌属“Esteyavermicola,以及如美国专利号5,019,389(通过援引并入本文)中所描述的“ArkansasFungus 18'。
细菌孢子的实例包括但不限于土壤芽孢杆菌(Bacillus agri)、鲇泽芽孢杆菌(Bacillus aizawai)、白色乳杆菌(Bacillus albolactis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、环状芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscirculans)、凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)、Bacillus endoparasiticus、Bacillusendorhythmos、坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)、库尔斯塔克芽孢杆菌(Bacilluskurstaki)、栖乳芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lacticola)、乳病芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslactimorbus)、乳杆菌(Bacillus lactis)、侧孢芽杆菌(Bacillus laterosporus)、缓病芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lentimorbus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、软化芽孢杆菌(Bacillus macerans)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、Bacillus medusa、Bacillus metiens、纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto)、Bacillus nigricans、金龟子芽孢杆菌(Bacillus popillae)、Bacillus pumiliss、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、暹罗芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis)、Bacillus sphaehcus、芽孢杆菌属物种(Bacillus spp.)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、Bacillus uniflagellatus,加上在“Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology[Todar's在线细菌学教科书],(2009)”中的芽孢杆菌属类别中所列出的那些,其通过援引以其相关部分并入本文。还包括发光光杆菌(Photorhabdus luminescens)、嗜线虫致病杆菌(Xenorhabdus nematophilus)、成团泛菌(pantoea agglomerans)以及在“NematologyAdvances and Perspectives[线虫学进展与展望],第2卷(2004)”中所列出的那些杀线虫细菌拮抗剂。
优选地,相对于组合物的总重量,组合物中一种或多种生物杀有害生物剂的量范围为按重量计1%至95%。
根据本发明的组合物可以包含至少一种营养素。
营养素是指促进或改善植物生长所期望的或必需的化学元素和化合物。营养素通常被描述为常量营养素或微量营养素。
用于根据本发明的组合物中的合适的营养素可以是微量营养素化合物,优选地在室温(25℃)下为固体或部分地可溶的那些。
微量营养素典型地是指痕量金属或痕量元素,并且通常以较低剂量施用。合适的微量营养素包括选自锌、硼、氯、铜、铁、钼和锰的痕量元素。
微量营养素可以呈可溶形式或作为不溶固体包含,并且可以呈盐或螯合物的形式。优选地,微量营养素呈碳酸盐或氧化物的形式。
优选地,微量营养素可以选自锌、钙、钼或锰、或镁。更优选地,用于根据本发明的组合物中的微量营养素可以选自氧化锌、碳酸锰、氧化锰、或碳酸钙。
根据本发明的组合物还可以包含至少一种常量营养素。
常量营养素典型地是指包含氮、磷和钾的那些,并且包括肥料如硫酸铵和水调节剂。合适的常量营养素包括肥料和其他含氮、磷、或硫的化合物以及水调节剂。
合适的肥料包括提供营养素如氮、磷、钾或硫的无机肥料。此类肥料的实例包括:
对于氮作为营养素:硝酸盐和或铵盐,如硝酸铵,包括与尿素组合的,例如作为uran型材料,硝酸钙铵、硝硫酸铵、磷酸铵(特别是磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵和多磷酸铵)、硫酸铵以及较不常用的硝酸钙、硝酸钠、硝酸钾和氯化铵;
对于磷作为营养素:磷的酸性形式,如磷酸、焦磷酸或多磷酸,但更通常为盐形式,如磷酸铵(特别是磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵和多磷酸铵),磷酸钾(特别是磷酸二氢钾和多磷酸钾);
对于硫作为营养素:硫酸铵和硫酸钾,例如与镁的混合硫酸盐。
优选地,组合物中一种或多种营养素的量相对于组合物的总重量范围为按重量计1%至40%、更优选地按重量计10%至35%、甚至更优选地按重量计15%至30%。
优选地,组合物中一种或多种微量营养素的量相对于组合物的总重量范围为按重量计1%至40%、更优选地按重量计10%至35%、甚至更优选地按重量计15%至30%。
优选地,组合物中一种或多种常量营养素的量相对于组合物的总重量范围为按重量计1%至40%、更优选地按重量计10%至35%、甚至更优选地按重量计15%至30%。
术语“生物刺激剂”旨在意指可以增强代谢或生理学过程如呼吸、光合作用、核酸摄取、离子摄取、营养素递送、或其组合的化合物。
生物刺激剂的非限制性实例包括海草提取物(例如,结节泡囊藻(ascophyllumnodosum))、腐殖酸(例如,腐殖酸钾)、黄腐酸、肌醇、甘氨酸及其组合。
优选地,组合物中一种或多种生物刺激剂的量相对于组合物的总重量范围为按重量计0.001%至10%、更优选地按重量计0.01%至5%、甚至更优选地按重量计0.1%至1%。
根据本发明的组合物可以包含至少一种植物生长调节剂。
植物生长调节剂意指用于影响植物的生长特征的活性成分。可用于本披露的植物生长调节剂的实例包括但不限于:1-萘乙酸、1-萘乙酸-盐、1-萘酚、2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-D)、2,4-DB、2,4-DEP、2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸、2,4,5-三氯苯氧基乙酸、2-萘氧基乙酸、2-萘氧基乙酸钠盐、3-氯-4-羟基苯基乙酸、3-吲哚乙酸、4-联苯基乙酸、4-氯苯氧基乙酸(4-CPA)、4-羟基苯基乙酸、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、生长素(auxindole)、α-萘乙酸K-盐、β-萘氧基乙酸、对氯苯氧基乙酸、麦草畏、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、2,4,5-涕丙酸(fenoprop)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、吲哚-3-乙酰基-DL-天冬氨酸、吲哚-3-乙酰基-DL-色氨酸、吲哚-3-乙酰基-L-丙氨酸、吲哚-3-乙酰基-L-缬氨酸、吲哚-3-丁酸(IBA)、吲哚-3-丁酸K-盐、吲哚-3-丙酸;a-萘乙酸、吲哚-3-乙酸甲酯、萘乙酰胺、萘乙酸(NAA)、苯基乙酸、毒莠定、环烷酸钾、环烷酸钠、4-羟基苯基乙醇、4-CPPU、6-苄基氨基嘌呤(BA)、6-(Y,Y-二甲基烯丙基氨基)嘌呤(2iP)、2-iP-2HC1、腺嘌呤、腺嘌呤半硫酸盐、苄基腺嘌呤、激动素、细胞分裂素(meta-topolin)、N6-苯甲酰基腺嘌呤、N-苄基-9-(2-四氢吡喃基)腺嘌呤(BP A)、N-(2-氯-4-吡啶基)-N-苯基脲、赤霉酸(GA3)、赤霉素、赤霉素A4+A7(GA n)、乙烯和脱落酸。
优选地,相对于组合物的总重量,组合物中一种或多种植物生长调节剂的量范围为按重量计1%至95%。
优选地,根据本发明的农用化学组合物是水性的。
更优选地,组合物的水含量相对于组合物的总重量范围为按重量计5%至99%、更优选地按重量计20%至98%、甚至更优选地按重量计25%至97%。
优选地,农用化学组合物的pH范围为1至11;更优选地3至9;并且甚至更好地4至8。
可以借助于碱化剂或酸化剂将农用化学组合物的pH调节至期望值。在碱化剂之中,可以使用一种或多种碱剂,如氨、氢氧化钠或乙醇胺。举例来说,在酸化剂之中,可以提及无机酸或有机酸,如盐酸或正磷酸。
根据本发明的农用化学组合物可以进一步含有不同于先前所描述的成分的添加剂,如粘结剂、稀释剂、吸收剂、不同于先前所描述的那些的分散剂、载体、崩解剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、消泡剂、防冻剂、溶剂、粘度调节剂、防腐剂和/或抗微生物剂。
可以提及例如(C1-C8)一元醇、(C2-C8)多元醇及其混合物;如乙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇及其混合物。
每种添加剂可以以相对于组合物的总重量范围为按重量计0%至20%、更优选地按重量计0%至10%的量存在于根据本发明的农用化学组合物中。
本领域技术人员将能够选择这些可选的添加剂以及它们的量,使得它们不会损害本发明的农用化学组合物的特性。
优选地,使用Brookfield RV粘度计在25℃下且在大气压(1.013x 105Pa)下以20rpm测量的根据本发明的水性农用化学组合物的粘度范围为500mPa.s至1 500mPa.s;更优选地700至1 300mPa.s。
根据本发明的优选实施例,农用化学组合物包含:
(i)至少一种具有范围为8.000至17 000g/mol的重均分子量的共聚物,其通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)至少一种选自丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体、及其混合物的丙烯酸类单体,
b)至少一种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体,
c)至少一种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,以及
d)可选地甲基丙烯酸,与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;
所述共聚物(i)包含:
·最高达45mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·至少40mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·至少10mol.%的来自(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元;以及
(ii)至少一种农业材料。
在所述实施例中,组合物优选地是水性的。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施例,农用化学组合物包含:
(i)至少一种具有范围为8.000至17 000g/mol的重均分子量的共聚物,其通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)至少一种选自丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体、及其混合物的丙烯酸类单体,
b)至少一种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体,
c)至少一种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,以及
d)可选地甲基丙烯酸,与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;所述共聚物(i)包含:
·1至45mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·40至60mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·10至30mol.%的来自(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元;以及
(ii)至少一种农业材料。
在所述实施例中,组合物优选地是水性的。
根据本发明的更优选的实施例,农用化学组合物包含:
(i)至少一种具有范围为8.000至17 000g/mol的重均分子量的共聚物,其通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)丙烯酸和至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体,优选丙烯酸和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,
b)至少一种乙烯基芳香族单体、优选苯乙烯,
c)至少一种(C1-C4)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,以及
d)可选地甲基丙烯酸单体d),与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;
所述共聚物(i)包含:
·最高达45mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·至少40mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·至少10mol.%的来自(C1-C4)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元;以及
(ii)至少一种农业材料。
在所述实施例中,组合物优选地是水性的。
根据本发明的甚至更优选的实施例,农用化学组合物包含:
(i)至少一种具有范围为8.000至17 000g/mol的重均分子量的共聚物,其通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)丙烯酸和至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体,优选丙烯酸和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,
b)至少一种乙烯基芳香族单体、优选苯乙烯,
c)至少一种甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,和
d)可选地甲基丙烯酸单体d),与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;
所述共聚物(i)包含:
·1至45mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·40至60mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·10至30mol.%的来自甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元;以及
(ii)至少一种农业材料。
在所述实施例中,组合物优选地是水性的。
根据本发明的另一个甚至更优选的实施例,农用化学组合物是水性的并且包含:
(i)至少一种具有范围为8.000至17 000g/mol的重均分子量的共聚物,其通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)丙烯酸和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯单体,
b)苯乙烯,
c)至少一种甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,和
d)可选地甲基丙烯酸单体d),与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;
所述共聚物(i)包含:
·5至45mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·40至50mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·10至25mol.%的来自甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元;以及
(ii)至少一种农业材料。
根据本发明的农用化学组合物可以呈一种或多种农业材料的浓缩物、稀释浓缩物、或可喷雾稀释物的形式。特别地,根据本发明的农用化学组合物可以呈可乳化浓缩物(EC)、在水浓缩物中的乳液(EW)、悬浮液浓缩物(SC)、用于种子处理的可流动浓缩物(FS)、水可分散颗粒(WDG)和/或悬乳剂(SE)的形式。
更优选地,根据本发明的农用化学组合物被配制为悬浮液浓缩物(SC)、用于种子处理的可流动浓缩物(FS)或悬乳剂(SE)。
根据本发明的优选实施例,农用化学组合物是具有大于0.05g/L的浓度的一种或多种农业材料的水性悬浮液。
更优选地,根据该实施例,农用化学组合物是具有在0.05g/L至1 200g/L之间的浓度的一种或多种农业材料的水性悬浮液。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施例,农用化学组合物是具有大于50g/L的浓度的一种或多种农业材料的浓缩水性悬浮液。
更优选地,根据该实施例,农用化学组合物是具有在50g/L至1200g/L之间、甚至更优选地在400g/L至1 200g/L之间、例如高于700g/L的浓度的一种或多种农业材料的浓缩水性悬浮液。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施例,可以将浓缩的农用化学组合物在水中稀释使用,得到具有大于0.05g/L的浓度的一种或多种农业材料的稀释组合物。
更优选地,根据该实施例,可以将浓缩的农用化学组合物在水中稀释使用,得到具有在0.05g/L至120g/L之间、甚至更优选地在0.4g/L至120g/L之间、例如高于0.7g/L的浓度的一种或多种农业材料的稀释组合物。
根据本发明的具体实施例,根据本发明的农用化学组合物被配制为水可分散颗粒(WDG)。
颗粒可以包括固体载体、填料或一种或多种稀释剂材料,它们期望地对一种或多种农业材料是惰性的,但容易分散在水中,必要时与分散剂结合使用。这些材料还可以具有减少颗粒干团块和崩解速率(添加至水中时)的益处,并且还可以被用于调节一种或多种农业材料的浓度。
实例包括粘土,如高岭土(瓷土)和膨润土,其可以是天然膨润土或改性的例如活化的膨润土、合成硅藻土和硅藻土、硅酸钙和硅酸镁、二氧化钛、碳酸铝、碳酸钙或碳酸镁、硫酸铵、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸钙或硫酸钡、木炭、淀粉包括改性淀粉如烷基和羧烷基淀粉、纤维素如微晶纤维素和纤维素衍生物如羧烷基纤维素,以及两种或更多种此类固体载体、填料、稀释剂材料的混合物。
根据本发明的共聚物促进在添加水之后颗粒的崩解以形成均匀的分散体,并且保证在稀释时的良好的性能,包括活性成分的良好悬浮性,并且当使稀释的配制品通过200目尺寸的筛时导致低残留物。在CIPAC标准水A、D或C中以0.5%稀释之后,可以用CIPAC方法MT184评估悬浮性能。在量筒中在CIPAC标准水D中以1%稀释之后,评估颗粒崩解形成分散体的容易程度。评估使颗粒完全崩解并形成悬浮液的量筒倒置次数,验收标准低于30次倒置。此外,根据本发明的共聚物显著减少了WDG配制品稀释之后所获得的不可分散材料的量。不可分散材料的量可以用CIPAC方法MT185(湿筛测试)进行评估。将配制品的样品分散在水中,并且将所形成的悬浮液转移至例如200目尺寸的筛中,并洗涤。通过干燥和称重来确定保留在筛上的材料的量。
此外,与未添加根据本发明的共聚物的相同农用化学组合物在造粒期间的压力相比,根据本发明的共聚物可以降低农用化学组合物在可能的造粒期间的压力。
造粒是用于制备水可分散颗粒配制品的过程。在造粒过程中,用固体添加剂研磨一种或多种农业材料之后,添加一定量的水(最高达30%w/w)。根据本发明的共聚物与该水一起添加。然后将粉末引入造粒机。造粒机,由以一定速度(由使用者确定)旋转的翼组成,推动粉末通过带有小孔的筛网。在极端的情况下,粉末会产生很大的压力来阻止这种通过筛网的转移。
使用根据本发明的共聚物在颗粒上形成的共聚物层可以通过显著降低造粒过程产生的压力来改进造粒。
与未添加根据本发明的共聚物的相同农用化学组合物在研磨期间的粘度相比,根据本发明的共聚物还可以降低在组合物的研磨期间农用化学组合物的粘度。
此外,与未添加根据本发明的共聚物的相同农用化学组合物在研磨期间的温度相比,根据本发明的共聚物也可以降低农用化学组合物在研磨期间的温度。
湿法研磨是用于制备悬浮液浓缩物配制品的方法。由根据本发明的共聚物在颗粒上形成的共聚物层可以降低/减少颗粒之间的相互作用,从而降低粘度并允许悬浮液负载高浓度的颗粒而不增加体系的温度。
因此,根据本发明的本发明共聚物允许配制品的更大密度和有效的低温湿法研磨方法。
此外,本发明涉及如先前所描述的农用化学组合物用于处理土壤、植物和/或种子以控制有害生物和/或调节植物生长的用途。
本发明还涉及一种通过将如先前所描述的根据本发明的组合物施用至至少一种植物、邻近植物的区域、适于支持植物生长的土壤、植物的根部、植物的叶子、和/或适于生产植物的种子来处理土壤、植物和/或种子以控制有害生物和/或调节植物生长的方法。
应用根据本发明的组合物可以杀死或抑制有害生物和/或清洁和/或抑制不期望的植物的生长。
可以将根据本发明的农用化学组合物稀释并且以常规方式施用于至少一种植物、邻近植物的区域、适于支持植物生长的土壤、植物的根部、植物的叶子、和/或适于生产植物的种子;例如通过浇水(淋水)、滴灌、喷雾、和/或雾化。
在以上描述中,关于组分的所有优选实施例均可以单独使用或组合使用。
以下实例用于说明本发明。
实例:
一般合成程序:
根据相同的工艺合成对比共聚物E和H以及根据本发明的共聚物A和C。
在实例A、C和E的情况下,所应用的工艺是基于在RAFT(Madix)型转移剂的存在下的受控的自由基聚合技术。所应用的化学转移剂是黄原酸酯,并且所用的等级是RhodixanA1。在实例H的情况下,所应用的工艺基于在常规硫醇型转移剂的存在下的标准自由基聚合。基于共聚物的目标数均摩尔质量来计算待用于聚合的转移剂的量(以下等式)
共聚物A、C和H的目标数均摩尔质量是Mn=5 000g/mol,并且在共聚物E的情况下目标Mn是11 000g/mol。
整个合成在氮气气氛下在给定温度下且在具有高效的机械搅拌系统的情况下在典型的聚合反应器中进行。聚合溶剂是乙醇和水的混合物。在共聚物C和E的情况下,还将甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG 750)用作共溶剂。
在第一时间(聚合步骤)中,向用氮气吹扫的反应器中装入所有单体、转移剂和溶剂,并在搅拌下将反应介质加热至75℃。将一部分(总量的20wt.%)的AMBN引发剂((2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈))溶液(在乙醇中20wt.%)一次性添加到反应混合物中。允许该反应进行反应大约30min。在此时间之后,通过泵在大约3小时的期间内添加剩余的AMBN在乙醇中的溶液。一旦添加完成,就让反应混合物再反应10小时。
在第二时间(乙醇去除步骤)中,使用旋转蒸发器使乙醇蒸发,并且然后向混合物中添加水;水的质量与最初用于反应的乙醇的量相同。
在第三时间(中和和转移剂失活步骤)中,将共聚物在水中的溶液放入反应器中,用氢氧化钠将pH调节至约7,5至8,并在搅拌下加热至70℃。在1小时内通过泵添加过氧化氢溶液(在水中30wt.%)。让该反应进行反应大约3小时。收集样品用于分析,以确定残留的单体、转移剂和乙醇。通过重量法测量干提取物。还针对pH和粘度而对共聚物在水中的溶液进行了测试。
根据该程序合成了几种具有不同的单体摩尔比和共聚物摩尔质量的共聚物。
下表中给出了具体的试剂及其量。
下表对获得的共聚物特征进行了重新分组。
摩尔质量测定
在本专利申请中,除非另有说明,否则当提及摩尔质量时,其将涉及以g/mol表示的绝对重均摩尔质量。
光散射是一种绝对技术,这意味着它不依赖于任何校准标准或校准曲线(M.W.Spears,The Column[专栏]12(11),18-21(2016))。
基本光散射等式是:
其中角度θ处散射光的强度与摩尔质量M、浓度c、比折射指数增量dn/dc的平方以及角度因子P(θ)(在θ=0时等于1)的乘积成正比。使用外推到θ=0的散射光的绝对强度来计算分子量,并使用此强度随角度的变化来计算样品的均方根(rms)半径。
通过SEC MALS分析(SEC:尺寸排阻色谱法-MALS:多角度激光散射)测量聚合物的质量分布,以便获得以g/mol表示的实际值。
SEC MALS分析用配备有以下2个检测器的HPLC链进行:
●差示折射计RI-浓度检测器
●MALS检测器(多角度激光散射)-质量检测器。
软件记录检测器的以下色谱图:
●一个针对RI检测器,
●一个针对MALS检测器的每个角度。
针对色谱图的每个片(slice)(针对聚合物物质),软件计算:
●聚合物的浓度,RI信号=常数*dn/dc*浓度
●该片的质量Mi,
MALS检测器=散射光∞常数×Mi×(dn/dc)2×浓度
由特定的Mi数据,软件计算质量分布:Mw、Mn以及多分散性指数PDI=Mw/Mn。
摩尔质量的计算需要聚合物的折光指数增量dn/dc。其是常数,除了别的以外还取决于流动相的性质、实验条件的温度和激光的波长。
该常数可以根据来自SEC MALS分析的洗脱级分来测量。该常数可以用折射计来测量。该常数还可以在例如“Polymer Handbook[聚合物手册]”或网站如www.ampolymer.com/dn-dc.html中找到。
针对这些共聚物,由软件根据洗脱级分的质量回收率来计算“dn/dc”:dn/dc=0.09导致95至100%wt的质量回收率。
针对这些共聚物,基于实际的Mi点来计算摩尔质量,而不对log(M)曲线进行任何调整。
所应用的注入量和标准样品浓度如下:100μL,2.0至2.4mg/mL(作为干聚合物计算的)。
详细分析条件:
-分析仪器:带有MALS检测器的Agilent SEC系统
-泵:Agilent 1100
-检测器:Agilent 1100,差示折射计(RI)
-流动相:100% THF,0.01mol/L四丁基四氟硼酸铵,100μLTFA/1L THF(TFA:三氟乙酸)
-柱:Agilent Polypore(2*30cm)+保护柱
-温度:35℃
-流速:1.0mL/min
-注入量和样品浓度:100μL,2.0至2.4mg/mL(以干的表示)
-数据处理:ASTRA 7(怀雅特公司(Wyatt))
针对特定共聚物所测量的摩尔质量如下:
其中,AA=丙烯酸;MA=甲基丙烯酸;St=苯乙烯;
2EHA=丙烯酸2-乙基己酯;MPEGMA750=甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯。
在以下配制品的实例中,还使用对比分散剂聚合物F和G。
聚合物F对应于由索尔维公司在索引号Da 1349下销售的分散剂。
聚合物G对应于由CRODA公司在索引号AtloxTM 4915下销售的分散剂。
聚合物J对应于由CRODA公司在索引号AtloxTM 4917下销售的分散剂。
配制品:
配制品1:灭菌丹SC配制品
制备了具有共聚物A和H的灭菌丹500g/L SC配制品,并且对其进行表征以评估分散剂性能。表1中详述了所研究的SC配制品的组成。在下表中,分散剂聚合物的量以g/L活性材料(即仅分散剂共聚物)表示。
表1:灭菌丹活性成分的SC配制品
关于配制品程序,通过按以下引入顺序添加混合物的不同组分,在玻璃烧杯中制备初始混合物:分散剂聚合物、防冻剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、水和活性成分。每次添加后,通过用玻璃棒搅拌并且然后最终用高速搅拌器(Ultra Turrax T50 basic IKA Werke,2000rpm)搅拌5分钟来使介质均化。然后将混合物转移至容纳有300ml研磨球(氧化锆,直径1mm)的Vibromac立式湿磨机中并研磨30分钟。然后将混合物转移到玻璃烧杯中。然后添加流变剂的水溶液,用高速搅拌器将介质均化。
对于每个体系,最初和在高温下储存后评估粘度、粒度分布、光学显微镜观察、悬浮性和分散特征。用RV Brookfield装置测量旋转粘度,在旋转1分钟之后在20℃、20rpm下测量粘度。粒度分布通过激光衍射用Malvern Mastersizer 2000装置测量,并且使用对应于粒径的参数D50进行比较,如颗粒的累积尺寸不足的体积分数等于50%。在CIPAC D标准水中以1%稀释之后,用CIPAC方法MT184评估不同分散剂的悬浮性能,并且在30℃下进行。分散测试是为快速评估分散剂体系的性能而开发的内部测试,它包括通过量筒倒置10次来制备100mL 2%的稀释悬浮液。在30℃的恒温槽中静置2小时后,评估刻度量筒底部形成的沉淀物的高度并以百分比表示,验收标准低于1%。悬浮性和分散测试用CIPAC D标准水进行。
两种SC配制品的初始表征(悬浮性、分散、粘度)报告于表2中。
表2:具有共聚物A和H的灭菌丹SC配制品的表征
根据本发明的共聚物A获得了比对比共聚物H更优异的分散性能。用共聚物H制备的SC配制品呈现出高于1.0的分散值,这是不可接受的,以及还有高于可接受值的粘度值(1700mPa.s)。因此,共聚物A呈现出比共聚物H更优异的分散剂性能。
配制品2:嗪草酮SC配制品
制备了具有共聚物A、C、E和F的嗪草酮600g/L SC配制品,并且对其进行表征以评估分散剂性能。表3中详述了所研究的SC配制品的组成。在下表中,分散剂聚合物的量以g/L活性材料(即仅分散剂共聚物)表示。
表3:嗪草酮活性成分的SC配制品
关于配制品程序,通过按以下引入顺序添加混合物的不同组分,在玻璃烧杯中制备初始混合物:分散剂聚合物、防冻剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、水、防腐剂和活性成分。每次添加后,通过用玻璃棒搅拌并且然后最终用高速搅拌器(Ultra Turrax T50 basic IKA Werke,2000rpm)搅拌5分钟来使介质均化。然后将混合物转移至容纳有300ml研磨球(氧化锆,直径1mm)的Vibromac立式湿磨机中并研磨80分钟。然后将混合物转移到玻璃烧杯中。然后添加流变剂的水溶液,用高速搅拌器将介质均化。
对于每个体系,最初和在高温下储存后评估粘度、粒度分布、光学显微镜观察、悬浮性和分散特征。用RV Brookfield装置测量旋转粘度,在旋转1分钟之后在20℃、20rpm下测量粘度。粒度分布通过激光衍射用Malvern Mastersizer 2000装置测量,并且使用对应于粒径的参数D50进行比较,如颗粒的累积尺寸不足的体积分数等于50%。在CIPAC D标准水中以1%稀释之后,用CIPAC方法MT184评估不同分散剂的悬浮性能,并且在30℃下进行。分散测试是为快速评估分散剂体系的性能而开发的内部测试,它包括通过量筒倒置10次来制备100mL 2%的稀释悬浮液。在30℃的恒温槽中静置2小时后,评估刻度量筒底部形成的沉淀物的高度并以百分比表示,验收标准低于1%。悬浮性和分散测试用CIPAC D标准水进行。
表4(a)中呈现了不同共聚物在晶体生长抑制方面的性能以及最初和在54℃下储存2周后的悬浮性能。
表4(a):具有共聚物A、C、E和F的嗪草酮SC配制品最初和在54℃下储存2周后的表征
关于粒度分布,对于所有共聚物,参数D50的初始值低于10μm。对于根据本发明的共聚物A和C,在老化后观察到D50参数略有增加,然而这两个值都保持低于10μm。相反地,对于对比共聚物E和F,在老化后观察到D50参数大幅增加,其值高于10μm的阈值。同时,对于共聚物F,在储存后观察到悬浮性的显著降低,而对于其他共聚物,即使在老化后也观察到优异的悬浮性特性。总之,与对比共聚物E和F相比,观察到共聚物A和C在晶体生长抑制方面的优异性能,以及优异的悬浮性能。
表4(b)中呈现了不同共聚物最初和在54℃下储存2周后的粘度。
表4(b):具有共聚物A、F和J的嗪草酮SC配制品最初和在54℃下储存2周后的粘度(以mPa.s为单位)
对于每个体系,评估最初和在高温下储存后的粘度。用RV Brookfield装置测量旋转粘度,在旋转1分钟之后在20℃、20rpm下测量粘度。
这些数据表明,含有本发明的共聚物A的配制品展现出随时间推移稳定的粘度,与含有对比共聚物(F或J)的配制品(其相反展现出粘度随时间推移而大幅度变化)相比。
配制品3:吡唑草胺SC配制品
以3种不同的分散剂剂量率制备了具有共聚物A和F的吡唑草胺400g/L SC配制品,并且对其进行表征以评估分散剂性能。表5中详述了所研究的SC配制品的组成。在下表中,分散剂聚合物的量以g/L活性材料(即仅分散剂共聚物)表示。
表5:吡唑草胺活性成分的SC配制品
关于配制品程序,通过按以下引入顺序添加混合物的不同组分,在玻璃烧杯中制备初始混合物:分散剂聚合物、防冻剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、水和活性成分。每次添加后,通过用玻璃棒搅拌并且然后最终用高速搅拌器(Ultra Turrax T50 basic IKA Werke,2000rpm)搅拌5分钟来使中间介质均化。然后将混合物转移至容纳有300ml研磨球(氧化锆,直径1mm)的Vibromac立式湿磨机中并研磨30分钟。然后将混合物转移到玻璃烧杯中。然后添加流变剂的水溶液,用高速搅拌器将介质均化。
对于每个体系,最初和在高温下储存后评估粘度、粒度分布、光学显微镜观察、悬浮性和分散特征。用RV Brookfield装置测量旋转粘度,在旋转1分钟之后在20℃、20rpm下测量粘度。粒度分布通过激光衍射用Malvern Mastersizer 2000装置测量,并且使用对应于粒径的参数D50进行比较,如颗粒的累积尺寸不足的体积分数等于50%。在CIPAC D标准水中以1%稀释之后,用CIPAC方法MT184评估不同分散剂的悬浮性能,并且在30℃下进行。分散测试是为快速评估分散剂体系的性能而开发的内部测试,它包括通过量筒倒置10次来制备100mL 2%的稀释悬浮液。在30℃的恒温槽中静置2小时后,评估刻度量筒底部形成的沉淀物的高度并以百分比表示,验收标准低于1%。悬浮性和分散测试用CIPAC D标准水进行。
在表6中报告了不同共聚物最初和在45℃下储存3个月后的分散性能并且在表7中报告了悬浮性能。
表6:具有共聚物A和F的吡唑草胺SC配制品最初和在45℃下储存3个月后的分散性能(以%计)
表7:具有共聚物A和F的吡唑草胺SC配制品最初和在45℃下储存3个月后的悬浮性能(以%计)
对于这两种共聚物,在三种共聚物剂量率下,最初和在45℃下储存3个月后测量到良好的悬浮性能。对于分散测量(表6),测量出两种共聚物最初的高性能。然而,在45℃下储存3个月之后,观察到对比共聚物F的分散百分比显著增加,其值高于1.0,突出表明储存后分散剂性能明显下降。相反,就储存后的共聚物A的分散而言,测量到优异的性能。总之,在高温下储存后,对于所评估的三种剂量率,共聚物A表现出比对比共聚物F更优异的分散性能。
配制品4:组合配制品:特丁津SC+草甘膦钾SL
制备了具有分散剂共聚物A、F和G的组合配制品特丁津SC+草甘膦-K SL,并且对其进行表征以评估分散剂性能。表8中详述了所研究的SC配制品的组成。
表8:组合配制品特丁津35%w/w SC+草甘膦钾SL
关于配制品程序,通过按以下引入顺序添加混合物的不同组分,在玻璃烧杯中制备初始混合物:分散剂聚合物、防冻剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、水和活性成分。每次添加后,通过用玻璃棒搅拌并且然后最终用高速搅拌器(Ultra Turrax T50 basic IKA Werke,2000rpm)搅拌5分钟来使介质均化。然后将混合物转移至容纳有200g研磨球(玻璃,直径1.3-1.6mm)的VIBRO-MAC Lab2湿磨机中并研磨30分钟。然后将混合物转移到玻璃烧杯中。在研磨后和添加流变剂之前添加10%w/w的草甘膦钾盐SL。然后添加流变剂的水溶液,用高速搅拌器将介质均化。
对于每个体系,最初和在高温下储存后评估粘度、粒度分布、光学显微镜观察和悬浮性特征。用RV Brookfield装置测量旋转粘度,在旋转1分钟之后在20℃、20rpm下测量粘度。粒度分布通过激光衍射用Malvern Mastersizer 2000装置测量,并且使用对应于粒径的参数D50进行比较,如颗粒的累积尺寸不足的体积分数等于50%。在CIPAC D标准水中以1%稀释之后,用CIPAC方法MT184评估不同分散剂的悬浮性能,并且在30℃下进行。
在表9中报告了不同共聚物最初和在54℃下储存2周后的悬浮性。
表9:不同共聚物的组合配制品特丁津SC+10%w/w草甘膦-KSL溶液((Round UpFlash Plus,可从拜耳公司获得)最初和在54℃下两周后的悬浮性能(以%计)
测量到共聚物A最初和在54℃下储存后的优异悬浮性能。相反,对于具有低悬浮性值的对比共聚物F和G,观察到差的性能。总之,对于含有可溶性活性盐如草甘膦钾的此类体系,共聚物A提供了比对比共聚物F和G更优异的悬浮性能。
Claims (16)
1.一种农用化学品组合物,其包含:
(i)至少一种具有范围为8.000至17,000g/mol的重均分子量的共聚物,其通过使以下项进行受控的自由基聚合可获得:
-至少以下单体:
a)至少一种选自丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体、及其混合物的丙烯酸类单体,
b)至少一种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体,和
c)至少一种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,与
-自由基聚合控制剂,和
-自由基聚合引发剂;
所述共聚物(i)包含:
·最高达50mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元,
·至少35mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元,
·至少10mol.%的来自(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元;以及
(ii)至少一种农业材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述共聚物(i)包含最高达45mol.%的来自丙烯酸类单体a)的单元;优选地1至45mol.%;更优选地3至45mol.%;并且甚至更优选地5至45mol.%。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,该一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体选自丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯;优选地选自丙烯酸(C4-C10)烷基酯;更优选地选自丙烯酸(C6-C8)烷基酯;甚至更优选地是丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,这些丙烯酸类单体a)是丙烯酸和至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C12)烷基酯单体;优选地,这些丙烯酸类单体a)是丙烯酸和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,该一种或多种疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)选自乙烯基芳香族单体;优选地选自苯乙烯、被一个或多个C1-C6烷基取代的苯乙烯、乙烯基萘、被一个或多个C1-C6烷基取代的乙烯基萘;及其混合物;更优选地是苯乙烯。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述共聚物(i)包含至少40mol.%的来自疏水性非丙烯酸类单体b)的单元;优选地40至60mol.%;更优选地40至50mol.%。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,该一种或多种(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)是一种或多种(C1-C4)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体、优选一种或多种甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述共聚物(i)包含10至30mol.%的来自(C1-C12)烷氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体c)的单元;优选10至25mol.%。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述共聚物(i)的聚合所使用的单体进一步包括甲基丙烯酸单体d),其与该一种或多种丙烯酸类单体a)不同;并且其中所述共聚物(i)优选地包含0.1至20mol.%的来自甲基丙烯酸d)的单元,并且更优选地0.1至5mol%,例如小于2mol%,例如小于1mol%。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述共聚物的多分散性指数范围为1至3,5;优选地1.5至3;更优选地2至2.5。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述共聚物(i)不含来自(甲基)丙烯酸单体的强酸衍生物的单元。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述共聚物(i)通过使仅所述单体a)、b)、c)和可选地d)与所述自由基聚合控制剂和所述自由基聚合引发剂进行受控的自由基聚合可获得。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,这些农业材料选自杀有害生物剂、抗微生物剂、营养素、生物刺激剂、植物生长调节剂及其混合物。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,该组合物是水性的。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的共聚物(i)作为农用化学组合物中的分散剂的用途,该农用化学组合物包含至少一种农业材料。
16.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的农用化学组合物用于处理土壤、植物和/或种子以控制有害生物和/或调节植物生长的用途。
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