EP2175116B1 - Moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2175116B1
EP2175116B1 EP08827087.1A EP08827087A EP2175116B1 EP 2175116 B1 EP2175116 B1 EP 2175116B1 EP 08827087 A EP08827087 A EP 08827087A EP 2175116 B1 EP2175116 B1 EP 2175116B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
insulating material
insulating
internal combustion
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP08827087.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2175116A4 (fr
EP2175116A1 (fr
Inventor
Yoshifumi Wakisaka
Hidemasa Kosaka
Minaji Inayoshi
Yoshihiro Hotta
Kiyomi Nakakita
Shinya Iida
Yoshihiro Nomura
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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Publication of EP2175116A1 publication Critical patent/EP2175116A1/fr
Publication of EP2175116A4 publication Critical patent/EP2175116A4/fr
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Publication of EP2175116B1 publication Critical patent/EP2175116B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F02F3/12—Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F02F3/12—Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads
    • F02F3/14—Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads within combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0603—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston at least part of the interior volume or the wall of the combustion space being made of material different from the surrounding piston part, e.g. combustion space formed within a ceramic part fixed to a metal piston head
    • F02B2023/0612—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston at least part of the interior volume or the wall of the combustion space being made of material different from the surrounding piston part, e.g. combustion space formed within a ceramic part fixed to a metal piston head the material having a high temperature and pressure resistance, e.g. ceramic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F05C2251/048—Heat transfer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to an internal combustion engine having a heat-insulating layer formed on a wall surface, which faces the interior of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, of at least a part of a base material which forms the combustion chamber.
  • Nonpatent References 1 and 2 a technology of forming a heat-insulating layer on a wall surface, which faces the interior of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, of at least a part of a base material forming the combustion chamber (e.g., Nonpatent References 1 and 2 given below).
  • a single-material heat-insulating layer made of ceramic (zirconia) having low thermal conductivity is formed on the top face of a piston in order to improve the thermal efficiency by reducing the heat transfer from the gas in the combustion chamber to the piston.
  • a heat loss Q [W] within the cylinder of the internal combustion engine can be expressed by a formula (1) given below, by using a heat transfer coefficient h [W/(m 2 ⁇ K)] based on the pressure and gas flow in the cylinder, a surface area A [m 2 ] in the cylinder, an in-cylinder gas temperature Tg [K], and a temperature Twall [K] of a wall surface, which faces (contacts the gas in the cylinder) the interior of the cylinder.
  • Q A ⁇ h ⁇ Tg ⁇ Twall
  • the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg changes momentarily, but the value (Tg-Twall) in the formula (1) can be lowered and the heat loss Q can be reduced by varying the wall surface temperature Twall momentarily to follow the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg.
  • the heat-insulating layer to be formed on the wall surface, which faces the interior of the combustion chamber is desired to have low thermal conductivity and a low heat capacity per unit volume.
  • the single-material heat-insulating layer made of ceramic e.g., zirconia
  • the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume are not sufficiently low.
  • the followability of the wall surface temperature Twall to the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg lowers and an effect of reducing the heat loss Q becomes insufficient.
  • Some single materials have a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than those of ceramic (e.g. , zirconia), but many of them, such as resins and foams, are low in heat resistance and strength and do not have sufficient heat resistance and strength to resist the high-temperature, high-speed gas flow and the high pressure found in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • ceramic e.g. , zirconia
  • resins and foams are low in heat resistance and strength and do not have sufficient heat resistance and strength to resist the high-temperature, high-speed gas flow and the high pressure found in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention provides an internal combustion engine according to the invention which improves thermal efficiency by improving the followability of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature to the in-cylinder gas temperature.
  • This object is solved by an internal combustion engine having the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments are defined by the dependent claims.
  • an internal combustion engine having a heat-insulating layer formed on a wall surface, which faces the interior of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, of at least a part of a base material forming the combustion chamber, wherein the heat-insulating layer comprises a first heat-insulating material which has a thermal conductivity lower than that of the base material and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than that of the base material, and a second heat-insulating material which has a thermal conductivity not higher than that of the base material and protects the first heat-insulating material against a gas in the combustion chamber, and the first heat-insulating material has a thermal conductivity lower than that of the second heat-insulating material and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than that of the second heat-insulating material, wherein the second heat-insulating material is zirconia, silicon, titanium, zirconium, ceramic, ceramic fibers, or a combination of a plurality of these materials, and the first heat-insulating material is hollow glass beads, a
  • the first heat-insulating material is protected by the second heat-insulating material from the gas in the combustion chamber, so that for the first heat-insulating material, a heat-insulating material having sufficiently low thermal conductivity and a sufficiently low heat capacity per unit volume can be selected without a restriction that adequate heat resistance and pressure resistance must be secured against the gas in the combustion chamber, and the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the entire heat-insulating layer can also be decreased sufficiently.
  • the first heat-insulating material can be constituted of one type of heat-insulating material and can also be constituted of multiple types of heat-insulating materials.
  • the second heat-insulating material can also be constituted of one type of heat-insulating material or multiple types of heat-insulating materials.
  • the second heat-insulating material, into which the first heat-insulating material is mixed, is formed into a fibrous form, and the second heat-insulating material formed into the fibrous form is carpeted in plural numbers on the wall surface.
  • the mixing proportion of the first heat-insulating material is preferably variable depending on a position within the second heat-insulating material.
  • the first heat-insulating material is preferably arranged regularly within the second heat-insulating material.
  • the first heat-insulating material is preferably a heat-insulating material having a hollow structure, and the first heat-insulating material preferably has a multilayer structure.
  • the first heat-insulating material is formed on the wall surface, and the second heat-insulating material is formed on the first heat-insulating material to cover the same.
  • the first heat-insulating material can be directly bonded to or coated on the wall surface, and the first heat-insulating material can also be bonded to or coated on the wall surface with the intervention of an intermediate layer such as an adhesive layer.
  • the second heat-insulating material can also be directly bonded to or coated on the first heat-insulating material, and the second heat-insulating material can also be bonded to or coated on the first heat-insulating material with the intervention of an intermediate layer such as an adhesive layer.
  • the second heat-insulating material is preferably provided with protruded portions which are protruded toward the first heat-insulating material.
  • the second heat-insulating material is preferably a shell-like heat-insulating material which contains therein the first heat-insulating material.
  • the first heat-insulating material and the second heat-insulating material are preferably arranged alternately in the thickness direction of the heat-insulating layer.
  • the temperature which is higher than that of the first heat-insulating material preferably has strength higher than that of the first heat-insulating material.
  • the second heat-insulating material preferably has a thermal conductivity lower than that of the base material and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than or substantially equal to that of the base material.
  • the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the entire heat-insulating layer can be lowered sufficiently.
  • the followability of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature to the in-cylinder gas temperature can be improved, and the thermal second heat-insulating material preferably has a heat resistance temperature which is higher than that of the first heat-insulating material.
  • the second heat-insulating material preferably has strength higher than that of the first heat-insulating material.
  • the second heat-insulating material preferably has a thermal conductivity lower than that of the base material and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than or substantially equal to that of the base material.
  • the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the entire heat-insulating layer can be lowered sufficiently.
  • the followability of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature to the in-cylinder gas temperature can be improved, and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of an internal combustion engine 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, schematically showing an internal structure of a cylinder 11 as viewed from a direction perpendicular to its axial direction.
  • the internal combustion engine (engine) 1 includes a cylinder block 9 and a cylinder head 10, and the cylinder 11 is configured of the cylinder block 9 and the cylinder head 10.
  • the cylinder 11 takes therein a piston 12 which moves reciprocally in its axial direction.
  • the space surrounded by a top face 12a of the piston 12, an inner wall surface 9a of the cylinder block 9, and a bottom face 10a of the cylinder head 10 forms a combustion chamber 13.
  • the cylinder head 10 is formed with an intake port 14 communicated with the combustion chamber 13, and an exhaust port 15 communicated with the combustion chamber 13.
  • an intake valve 16 which opens and closes the boundary between the intake port 14 and the combustion chamber 13
  • an exhaust valve 17 which opens and closes the boundary between the exhaust port 15 and the combustion chamber 13 are also disposed.
  • the cylinder block 9 is formed with a cooling water jacket 18, and cooling water is fed to the cooling water jacket 18 to cool the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 may be a compression self-ignition type internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, or a spark-ignited internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine.
  • a compression self-ignition type internal combustion engine for example, when the piston 12 approaches compression top dead center, a fuel is injected from the fuel injectorinto the combustion chamber 13, and the fuel in the combustion chamber 13 self-ignites and burns.
  • the engine ignites an air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 13 by a spark discharge caused by a spark plug at the ignition timing, and the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 13 undergoes flame propagation combustion.
  • the gas in the combustion chamber 13 is discharged to the exhaust port 15 during an exhaust stroke.
  • the base material forming the combustion chamber 13 the cylinder block (cylinder liner) 9, the cylinder head 10, the piston 12, the intake valve 16, and the exhaust valve 17 can be listed.
  • the wall surface which faces the interior of the combustion chamber 13 can be at least one of the cylinder block inner wall surface (cylinder liner inner wall surface) 9a, the cylinder head bottom face 10a, the piston top face 12a, an intake valve top face (bottom surface of an umbrella portion) 16a and an exhaust valve top face (bottom surface of an umbrella portion) 17a.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example where the heat-insulating thin layer 20 is formed on the cylinder block inner wall surface 9a, the cylinder head bottom face 10a, the piston top face 12a, the intake valve top face 16a, and the exhaust valve top face 17a.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 can be formed on at least one of the cylinder block inner wall surface 9a, the cylinder head bottom face 10a, the piston top face 12a, the intake valve top face 16a, and the exhaust valve top face 17a.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 is constituted to contain multiple types of heat-insulating materials each having different thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume.
  • Each of the multiple types of heat-insulating materials has a thermal conductivity not higher than that of the base material and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than or substantially equal to that of the base material.
  • Example structures of the heat-insulating thin layer 20 are described below.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example structure of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 formed on a wall surface 30a, which faces the interior of the combustion chamber 13, of a base material 30 which forms the combustion chamber 13 is formed to include a large number of heat-insulating materials (first heat-insulating materials) 21 assuming a granular form and a heat-insulating material (second heat-insulating material) 22 assuming a layer form.
  • the base material 30 may be the cylinder block (cylinder liner) 9, the cylinder head 10, the piston 12, the intake valve 16, or the exhaust valve 17.
  • the wall surface 30a of the base material 30 may be the cylinder block inner wall surface (cylinder liner inner wall surface) 9a, the cylinder head bottom face 10a, the piston top face 12a, the intake valve top face 16a, or the exhaust valve top face 17a.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 has a thermal conductivity not higher than (or lower than) that of the base material 30 and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than or substantially equal to that of the base material 30. Meanwhile, the heat-insulating material 21 has a thermal conductivity lower than that of the base material 30 and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than that of the base material 30, and also a thermal conductivity lower than that of the heat-insulating material 22 and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than that of the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 is coated on or bonded to the wall surface 30a of the base material 30 and in contact with the gas within the combustion chamber 13.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 has heat resistance and pressure resistance against a high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13, a heat resistance temperature higher than that of the heat-insulating material 21, and strength higher than that of the heat-insulating material 21. Meanwhile, since the large number of heat-insulating materials 21 are mixed into the heat-insulating material 22, they are not in contact with the gas in the combustion chamber 13.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 has a function to suppress the heat transfer from the gas in the combustion chamber 13 to the base material 30 and also a function as a protective material to protect the heat-insulating material 21 against the high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 also has a function as an adhesive material to connect the large number of heat-insulating materials 21. Meanwhile, the heat-insulating material 21 has a function to lower a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity per unit volume of the entire heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • a thin intermediate material may be formed between the heat-insulating thin layer 20 (heat-insulating material 22) and the base material 30 to strengthen the coating or the bonding between the heat-insulating thin layer 20 (heat-insulating material 22) and the base material 30.
  • the intermediate material there is preferably used an intermediate material for strengthening the bonding between the heat - insulating thin layer 20 and the base material 30 or an intermediate material for reducing the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the heat-insulating thin layer 20 and the base material 30.
  • the intermediate material has a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity per unit volume nearly equal to those of the heat-insulating material 21 or the heat-insulating material 22.
  • heat-insulating thin layer 20 heat-insulating material 22
  • heat-insulating materials 21 are mixed in a large number into the heat-insulating material 22, but as shown in, for example, FIG. 3A , the heat-insulating materials 21 may be mixed into the heat-insulating material 22 to provide a state where some irregularities are formed on the surface of the heat-insulating thin layer 20 (heat-insulating material 22).
  • the heat-insulating material 22 include, for example, solid ceramic such as zirconia (ZrO 2 ); silicon; titanium or zirconium; an organic silicon compound containing carbon, oxygen, and silicon; and ceramic fibers having high strength and high heat resistance.
  • a plurality of such materials can be combined and used for the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the ceramic (zirconia) has a thermal conductivity ⁇ of about 2.5 [W/(m ⁇ K)], a heat capacity per unit volume pC of about 2500 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)], a heat resistance temperature Tm of about 2700 [°C], and a strength (bending strength) ⁇ of about 1470 [MPa] .
  • cordierite a thermal conductivity ⁇ of about 4 [W/(m ⁇ K)], and heat capacity per unit volume pC of about 1900 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)]
  • alumina-based or silicon nitride-based ceramic can also be used in a partly mixed form.
  • the ceramic fibers here can be constituted to contain, for example, silicon, titanium, or zirconium, and have a thermal conductivity ⁇ of about 2.5 [W/(m ⁇ K)], a heat capacity per unit volume pC of about 1600 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)], a heat resistance temperature Tm of about 1300 [°C], and a strength (tensile strength) ⁇ of about 3300 [MPa].
  • heat-insulating materials 21 include, for example, hollow glass beads, a heat-insulating material having a microporous structure and mainly consisting of silica (silicon dioxide, SiO 2 ), or silica aerogel.
  • silica silicon dioxide, SiO 2
  • silica aerogel silica aerogel
  • the heat-insulating material having a microporous structure can be used by partly mixing titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in addition to the main component silica, and has a thermal conductivity ⁇ of about 0.04 [W/(m ⁇ K)], a heat capacity per unit volume pC of about 400 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)] and a heat resistant temperature Tm of about 1025 [°C], and very low strength.
  • the silica aerogel has a thermal conductivity ⁇ of about 0.02 [W/(m ⁇ K)], a heat capacity per unit volume pC of about 190 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)], and a heat resistant temperature Tm of about 1200 [°C], and its strength is very low.
  • the heat-insulating material 21 is a heat-insulating material having a hollow structure in which a hollow portion 21a is formed by the decompressed air or inert gas within a shell portion 21b made of zirconia, glass, or the like. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 3C , since a coat layer 21c is formed on the exterior of the shell portion 21b made of glass, the heat-insulatingmaterial 21 has a multilayer structure consisting of the shell portion 21b and the coat layer 21c.
  • the coat layer 21c it is preferable to use a material, such as zirconia, having a low thermal conductivity nearly equal to that of the shell portion (glass) 21b, and its thickness is preferably thin, to about several micrometers . Covering the shell portion (glass) 21b with the coat layer (zirconia) 21c enables an increase in the heat resistance temperature of the heat-insulating material 21.
  • thermal conductivity ⁇ is about 0.07 [W/(m ⁇ K)]
  • heat capacity per unit volume pC is about 220 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)].
  • thermal conductivity ⁇ is about 0.35 [W/(m ⁇ K)]
  • heat capacity per unit volume pC is about 512 ⁇ 10 3 [J/ ⁇ (m 3 ⁇ K)].
  • the material of the base material 30 include, for example, iron (steel), aluminum or aluminum alloy, or ceramic.
  • Iron has a thermal conductivity ⁇ of about 80.3 [W/(m ⁇ K)] and a heat capacity per unit volume pC of about 3500 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)].
  • Aluminum has a thermal conductivity ⁇ of about 193 [W/(m ⁇ K)] and a heat capacity per unit volume pC of about 2400 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)] (substantially equivalent to that of zirconia).
  • the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg changes momentarily during a cycle of the internal combustion engine, but when the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall is varied to follow the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg, the value (Tg-Twall) in the formula (1) can be reduced, along with the heat loss Q in the cylinder. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be improved, along with fuel consumption.
  • the calculated results obtained by examining an influence of fuel consumption on a fluctuation range (swing range) ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall are shown in FIGs. 4 and 5 .
  • FIG. 4 shows example waveforms in a case where the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall is varied against crank angle (a compression top dead center of 0°), and waveforms when the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall in one cycle is 500°C, 1000°C, and 1500°C are shown in comparison with that of a case (base condition) where the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall does not change substantially.
  • FIG. 5 shows the calculated results obtained by examining the fuel consumption improvement effect when the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall in one cycle is varied to 500°C, 1000°C, and 1500°C as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the operation conditions of the internal combustion engine are determined to be an engine rotational speed of 2100 rpm, and an indicated mean effective pressure Pi of 1.6 MPa.
  • the circle mark (o) indicates the results when the combustion chamber wall surface temperature (base wall temperature) in the intake stroke barely is increased against the wall surface temperature under the base conditions
  • the triangle mark ( ⁇ ) indicates the results when the combustion chamber wall surface temperature (base wall temperature) in the intake stroke is increased by 100°C against the wall surface temperature under the base conditions.
  • the fuel consumption improvement effect can be improved by increasing the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall is preferably increased without substantially increasing the base wall temperature.
  • the heat-insulating layer formed on the wall surface which faces the interior of the combustion chamber preferably has a low thermal conductivity and a low heat capacity per unit volume.
  • many of the single materials having a low thermal conductivity and a low heat capacity per unit volume are low in heat resistance and strength and do not have sufficient heat resistance and strength to resist the high-temperature, high-speed gas flow and the high pressure in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • the single material having sufficiently high heat resistance and strength to resist the high-temperature, high-speed gas flow and the high pressure does not have sufficiently low thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume, and the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall decreases.
  • heat is easily transferred to and accumulated in the heat-insulating layer, and the base wall temperature increases.
  • the base wall temperature increases, the following adverse effects (1) to (5) occur.
  • the heat-insulating materials 21, which are low in thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume, are mixed into the heat-insulating material 22 having high heat resistance and high strength, and the heat-insulating materials 21 can be protected against a high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13. Therefore, for the heat-insulating materials 21, a degree of freedom of selection of the heat-insulating material, which is emphasized to have a low thermal conductivity and a low heat capacity per unit volume, is increased without a restriction that the adequate heat resistance and pressure resistance must be secured against the high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13, and the heat-insulating material, which has sufficiently low thermal conductivity and a heat capacity per unit volume can be used.
  • the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the entire heat-insulating thin layer 20 can also be decreased sufficiently.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can be increased while suppressing an increase in the base wall temperature, and the followability of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall to the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg can be improved.
  • the heat loss Q of the internal combustion engine 1 is decreased, so that thermal efficiency can be improved, along with fuel consumption.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can be adjusted by adjusting the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the heat-insulating materials 21, 22 by selecting materials for the heat-insulating materials 21, 22.
  • the exhaust temperature can also be increased, so that the exhaust emission can be decreased by enhancing the activity of a catalyst which is disposed downstream of the engine, and a supercharged engine based on a turbo-charger can further use exhaust energy more effectively.
  • a highly supercharged engine which is aimed at reducing exhaust emissions and increasing thermal efficiency has the exhaust temperature lowered notably by the decrease of the combustion temperature, the effect of increasing the exhaust temperature according to this embodiment is enhanced further.
  • a volume percent of the heat-insulating materials 21 occupying the heat-insulating thin layer 20; namely, a mixing proportion of the heat-insulating materials 21, can also be varied (distributed) according to the positions within the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the heat-insulating materials 21 are made to have irregular grain sizes and varied depending on the positions within the heat-insulating material 22, so that the mixing proportion of the heat-insulating materials 21 can be varied depending on the positions within the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the number per unit volume of the mixed heat-insulating materials 21 is also varied depending on the positions within the heat-insulating material 22, and the mixing proportion of the heat-insulating materials 21 can be varied depending on the positions within the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the entire heat-insulating thin layer 20 can be distributed, and the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can be varied (distributed) depending on the positions on the combustion chamber wall surface .
  • a large number of heat-insulating materials 21 can also be arranged regularly within the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the heat-insulating materials 21 having a single particle diameter are arranged at regular intervals in the thickness direction and in-plane direction (vertical direction with respect to thickness direction) of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • the heat-insulating materials 21 and the heat-insulating material 22 are uniformly distributed; i.e., the heat-insulating materials 21 can be prevented from becoming present in a locally biased form in the thickness direction and in-plane direction of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 having uniform thermophysical properties (a low thermal conductivity and a low heat capacity) can be realized.
  • portions where the heat-insulating material 22 becomes locally thin (fine) can be avoided, the probability of existence of a structural defect that affects the strength of the heat-insulating thin layer 20 can be suppressed, and the strength of the heat-insulating thin layer 20 can be enhanced.
  • the heat-insulating materials 21 can be regularly arranged within the heat-insulating material 22 by a conventional technology such as that described in Brian T. Holland, et. al., Science, 281, 538-540 (1998 ).
  • a deposit of regularly arranged spherical particles can be obtained by slowly filtering a solution such as water in which monodisperse spherical particles are dispersed. Therefore, this method can be used to realize the structure shown in FIG. 6A by depositing the heat-insulating materials 21 having a single particle diameter, flowing the heat-insulating material 22 (binder layer) in a liquid state into the deposit, and firing.
  • the heat-insulating materials 21 are mixed into the heat-insulating material 22 to form the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • a large number of bubbles 31 can also be formed instead of the heat-insulating materials 21 within the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 is constituted to include a heat-insulating material (foamed heat-insulating material) 22 which has a large number of bubbles 31 formed within a material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the base material 30 and a heat capacity per unit volume lower than or substantially equal to that of the base material 30.
  • the bubbles 31 (air) have a thermal conductivity ⁇ of about 0.02 [W/(m ⁇ K)], and a heat capacity per unit volume pC of about 2.3 ⁇ 10 3 [J/(m 3 ⁇ K)].
  • the material forming the heat-insulatingmaterial 22 has sufficient heat resistance and pressure resistance against the high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13.
  • a specific example of the material (bubbles 31 formed therein) forming the heat-insulating material 22 is similar to the specific example of the heat-insulating material 22 in the example structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the material forming the heat-insulating material 22 become lower than those of the base material 30 and higher than those of the bubbles 31.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can also be varied depending on the positions of the combustion chamber wall surface by, for example, making the bubbles 31 have irregular diameters, and varying a volume percent of the bubbles 31 (formed percent of the bubbles 31) occupying the heat-insulating thin layer 20 depending on the positions within the heat-insulatingmaterial 22 .
  • a large number of bubbles 31 can also be arranged regularly within the heat-insulating thin layer 20 (heat-insulating material 22). In the example shown in FIG.
  • bubbles 31 having a single particle diameter are arranged at regular intervals in the thickness direction and in-plane direction (vertical direction with respect to thickness direction) of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 having uniform thermophysical properties low thermal conductivity and low heat capacity
  • the regular arrangement of the bubbles 31 within the heat-insulating material 22 can also be realized by using, for example, a known technology such as that described in Brian T. Holland, et.
  • FIG. 7 shows the waveforms of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall with respect to the crank angle (a compression top dead center of 0°) when the heat-insulating thin layer 20 has thickness t1 of 10 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, and 500 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 8 shows characteristics of the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall to the thickness t1 of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • FIG. 9 shows the waveforms of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall with respect to the crank angle- (a compression top dead center of 0°) when the heat-insulating thin layer has thickness t0 of 10 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 10 shows characteristics of the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall to the thickness t0 of the heat-insulating thin layer.
  • a displacement of one cylinder is 550 cc
  • a compression ratio is 16
  • an engine rotational speed is 2000 rpm
  • a fuel injection amount is 50 mm 3 /st
  • an indicated mean effective pressure is 1.6 MPa. Also, in the structure example shown in FIG.
  • the thickness t0 of the heat-insulating thin layer is smaller than 100 ⁇ m, the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall decreases, and the fuel consumption improvement effect lowers and cannot be obtained substantially. Meanwhile, if the thickness t0 of the heat-insulating thin layer is larger than 100 ⁇ m, the base wall temperature increases, and the fuel consumption improvement effect lowers and cannot be obtained substantially.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can be increased substantially to about 550°C to 650°C, and the fuel consumption improvement effect can be increased substantially to about 7 to 8%, as shown in FIGs. 7 and 8 .
  • the swing range ⁇ T of about 550°C to 650°C is obtained without substantially increasing the base wall temperature, and a fuel consumption improvement effect of about 7 to 8% can be obtained.
  • the swing range ⁇ T becomes maximum.
  • FIGs. 11 and 12 are diagrams showing another example structure of the heat-insulating thin layer 20;
  • FIG. 11 shows a diagram as viewed from a direction (the normal direction) agreeing with the normal of the wall surface 30a of the base material 30, and
  • FIG. 12 shows its sectional view.
  • like components or components corresponding to those of EMBODIMENT 1 are denoted by like reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 in which a large number of granular heat-insulating materials 21 are mixed is formed into a fibrous form.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 formed into the fibrous form is carpeted in plural numbers on the wall surface 30a of the base material 30.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example where the heat-insulating materials 22 assuming a fibrous form are stacked in plural numbers to form a multi-layer form.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example where multiple heat-insulating materials 22 assuming a fibrous form are woven (interwoven) to form the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • a specific example of the heat-insulating materials 21, 22 and the base material 30 is similar to that of EMBODIMENT 1.
  • a thin intermediate material to strengthen the bonding between the heat-insulating material 22 and the base material 30 may be formed between the heat-insulating material 22 and the base material 30, and a thin intermediate material to strengthen the mutual bonding of the fibrous form heat-insulating materials 22 may be formed between the respective heat-insulating materials 22.
  • the intermediate material has thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume nearly equal to those of the heat-insulating material 21 or the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can also be increased while an increase in the base wall temperature is suppressed, and the followability of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall to the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg can be improved. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 1 can be improved.
  • a large number of bubbles 31 can be formed instead of the heat-insulating material 21 within the fibrous formed heat-insulating material 22.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can be varied depending on the positions on the combustion chamber wall surface by having, for example, the heat-insulating materials 21 (or bubbles 31) with irregular diameters and varying a volume percent of the heat-insulating materials 21 (or bubbles 31) in the heat-insulating thin layer 20 depending on the positions within the heat-insulating material 22.
  • FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing another example structure of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • like components or components corresponding to those of EMBODIMENT 1 and 2 are denoted by like reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
  • a heat-insulating material 21 assuming a layer form is coated on or bonded to the wall surface 30a of the base material 30. Further, the heat-insulating material 22 assuming the layer form is formed on the heat-insulating material 21 to cover the surface of the heat-insulating material 21 by coating or bonding and brought into contact with the gas within the combustion chamber 13.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 has a multi-layer structure containing the heat-insulating materials 21, 22 assuming a layer form, and the heat-insulating material 22 becomes a layer positioned on the top of the heat-insulating material 21.
  • a specific example of the heat-insulating materials 21, 22 and the base material 30 is similar to that in EMBODIMENT 1.
  • a thin intermediate material, which is omitted from FIGs. 13 , for strengthening coating and bonding between the heat-insulating material 21 and the base material 30 may be formed between the heat-insulating material 21 and the base material 30, or a thin intermediate material for strengthening coating and bonding between the heat-insulating material 21 and the heat-insulating material 22 may be formed between the heat-insulating material 21 and the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the intermediate material here has a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity per unit volume nearly equal to those of the heat-insulating material 21 or the heat-insulating material 22.
  • the heat-insulating material 21, which is low in thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume, is covered with the heat-insulating material 22 having high heat resistance and high strength.
  • the heat-insulating material 21 can be protected against the high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13. Therefore, for the heat-insulating material 21, a heat-insulating material having a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity per unit volume which are sufficiently low can be selected without a restriction that the adequate heat resistance and pressure resistance must be secured against the high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13, and the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the entire heat-insulating thin layer 20 can be decreased sufficiently.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can be increased while an increase in the base wall temperature is suppressed, and followability of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall to the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg can be improved. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 1 can be improved.
  • FIG. 14 shows the waveforms of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall with respect to the crank angle (a compression top dead center of 0°), and waveforms when the heat-insulating material 21 has thickness t2 of 10 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, and 190 ⁇ m.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 is determined to have a fixed thickness (10 ⁇ m).
  • FIG. 15 shows characteristics of the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall to the thickness t2 of the heat-insulating material 21.
  • Twall To calculate the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall, it is determined that a displacement of one cylinder was 550 cc, a compression ratio is 16, an engine rotational speed is 2000 rpm, a fuel injection amount is 50 mm 3 /st, and an indicated mean effective pressure is 1.6 MPa.
  • the thickness of the heat-insulating material 22 has a definite value of 10 ⁇ m
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can be increased substantially to about 420°C, and the fuel consumption improvement effect can be increased substantially to about 5%.
  • the thickness t2 of the heat-insulating material 21 becomes 50 ⁇ m or more, the base wall temperature increases, and the fuel consumption improvement effect decreases to less than 5%.
  • FIGs. 16 and 17 are sectional views showing another example structure of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • like components or components corresponding to those of EMBODIMENTS 1 to 3 are denoted by like reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
  • the heat-insulating material 22 is provided with protruded portions 22a which are protruded toward the heat-insulating material 21 (base material 30 side), so that the heat-insulating thin layer 20 has a structure where the protruded portions 22a of the heat-insulating material 22 enter into the heat-insulating material 21.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example where the protruded portions 22a are formed to have a grid shape, but forming the protruded portions 22a into the grid shape is not essential.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can also be increased while suppressing the base wall temperature from increasing in EMBODIMENT 4, and followability of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall to the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg can be improved. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 1 can be improved.
  • EMBODIMENT 4 since the bonded area between the heat-insulating material 21 and the heat-insulating material 22 can be increased by the protruded portions 22a disposed in the heat-insulating material 22, the bonded strength between the heat-insulating material 21 and the heat-insulating material 22 can be increased.
  • FIGs. 18 and 19 are diagrams showing another structure example of the heat-insulating thin layer 20, FIG. 18 shows a diagram as viewed from a direction (the normal direction) agreeing with the normal of the wall surface 30a of the base material 30, and FIG. 19 shows a sectional view.
  • FIG. 18 shows a diagram as viewed from a direction (the normal direction) agreeing with the normal of the wall surface 30a of the base material 30, and FIG. 19 shows a sectional view.
  • like components or components corresponding to those of EMBODIMENTS 1 to 4 are denoted by like reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
  • shell-like heat-insulating materials 22 each contain therein a heat-insulating material 21. Further, the heat-insulating materials 22 containing the heat-insulating material 21 therein are arranged in a large number on the wall surface 30a of the base material 30.
  • the specific example of the heat-insulating materials 21, 22 and the base material 30 is similar to that in EMBODIMENT 1.
  • a thin intermediate material, which is omitted from FIGs. 18 and 19 , for strengthening the coating and bonding between the heat-insulating materials 22 and the base material 30 may be formed between the heat-insulating materials 22 and the base material 30.
  • the intermediate material preferably has thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume nearly equal to those of the heat-insulating materials 21 or the heat-insulating materials 22.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example where the outer shapes of the heat-insulating materials 22 as viewed from the normal direction have a roughly square shape, but the outer shapes of the heat-insulating materials 22 may be other than the square shape.
  • the heat-insulating materials 22 having high heat resistance and high strength contain therein the heat-insulating material 21, which is low in thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume.
  • the heat-insulating material 21 can be protected against the high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13. Therefore, for the heat-insulating material 21, a heat-insulating material having a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity per unit volume which are sufficiently low can be selected without a restriction that the adequate heat resistance and pressure resistance must be secured against the high-temperature, high-pressure gas present in the combustion chamber 13, and the thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume of the entire heat-insulating thin layer 20 can be decreased sufficiently.
  • the swing range ⁇ T of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall can be increased while an increase in the base wall temperature is suppressed, and the followability of the combustion chamber wall surface temperature Twall to the in-cylinder gas temperature Tg can be improved. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 1 can be improved.
  • FIG. 20 is a sectional view showing another example structure of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • EMBODIMENT 6 like components or components corresponding to those of EMBODIMENTS 1 to 5 are denoted by like reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
  • a layer of the heat-insulating materials 21 and a layer of the heat-insulating material 22 are alternately stacked a plurality of times, and the heat-insulating materials 21 and the heat-insulating material 22 are alternately arranged in the thickness direction of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 preferably has a thickness of, for example, about 100 ⁇ m, and the heat-insulating material 22 has a small thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less (e.g., about several ⁇ m).
  • a specific example of the heat-insulating materials 21, 22 and the base material 30 is similar to EMBODIMENT 1, and as an example structural of the heat-insulating material 21, for example, the structure shown in FIG. 3B and the structure shown in FIG. 3C can be used.
  • the heat-insulating materials 21 are uniformly distributed in in-plane directions (vertical direction with respect to thickness direction) of the heat-insulating thin layer 20, and the heat-insulating materials 21 can be prevented from being biased locally in the in-plane directions of the heat-insulating thin layer 20.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 which has substantially uniform thermal conductivity in the thickness direction can be realized, and the existence of portions where heat is apt to be lost locally and portions where heat is not apt to be lost can be suppressed. Therefore, the heat-insulating thin layer 20 having uniform thermophysical properties can be realized.
  • the heat-insulating thin layer 20 formed on the wall surface which faces the interior of the combustion chamber 13 can have a structure that combines a plurality of example structures according to EMBODIMENTS 1 to 6, and the structure of the heat-insulating thin layer 20 can be varied depending on the portion where the heat-insulating thin layer 20 is formed. Further, the heat-insulating thin layer 20 is not necessarily required to have a fixed thickness and thickness can be varied according to the portion where the heat-insulating thin layer 20 is formed. In addition, the heat-insulating thin layer 20 of this embodiment can also be used in combination with another heat-insulating structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Moteur à combustion interne (1) comportant une couche d'isolation thermique (20) formée sur une surface de paroi (9a, 10a, 12a, 16a, 17a, 30a), qui fait face à l'intérieur d'une chambre de combustion (13) du moteur à combustion interne (1), comprenant au moins une partie d'un matériau de base (9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 30) formant la chambre de combustion (13), dans lequel la couche d'isolation thermique (20) comprend :
    un premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) présentant une conductivité thermique inférieure à celle du matériau de base (9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 30) et une capacité calorifique par unité de volume inférieure à celle du matériau de base (9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 30), et
    un deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) présentant une conductivité thermique ne dépassant pas celle du matériau de base (9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 30) et protégeant le premier matériau isolant thermique (21) contre un gaz présent dans la chambre de combustion (13), et
    le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) a une conductivité thermique inférieure à celle du deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) et une capacité calorifique par unité de volume inférieure à celle du deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22),
    dans lequel le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) est du zircone, du silicium, du titane, du zirconium, de la céramique, des fibres de céramique, ou une combinaison de plusieurs de ces matériaux, et
    le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) est constitué de billes de verre creuses, un matériau d'isolation thermique présentant une structure microporeuse et principalement constitué de SiO2, d'un aérogel de silice ou d'une combinaison de plusieurs de ces matériaux,
    dans lequel le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) est mélangé au deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22),
    le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) dans lequel le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) est mélangé prend une forme fibreuse, et
    le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) formé dans la forme fibreuse est tapissé dans une grande quantité sur la paroi surface (9a, 10a, 12a, 16a, 17a, 30a).
  2. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel une proportion de mélange du premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) varie en fonction de la position dans le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22).
  3. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les premiers matériaux d'isolation thermique (21) sont disposés régulièrement à l'intérieur du deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22).
  4. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) est un matériau d'isolation thermique ayant une structure creuse.
  5. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) a une structure en plusieurs couches.
  6. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel :
    le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) est formé sur la surface de paroi de (9a, 10a, 12a, 16a, 17a, 30a) et
    le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) est formé sur le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) pour recouvrir le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21).
  7. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique est formé avec des parties en saillie (22a) qui sont en saillies vers le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21).
  8. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) est un matériau d'isolation thermique de type coque qui contient en son intérieur le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21).
  9. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21) et le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) sont disposés en alternance dans le sens de l'épaisseur de la couche d'isolation thermique (20).
  10. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) a une température de résistance thermique supérieure à celle du premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21).
  11. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) a une résistance supérieure à celle du premier matériau d'isolation thermique (21).
  12. Moteur à combustion interne (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le deuxième matériau d'isolation thermique (22) a une conductivité thermique inférieure à celle du matériau de base (9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 30) et une capacité thermique par unité de volume inférieure à ou sensiblement égale à celle du matériau de base (9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 30).
EP08827087.1A 2007-08-09 2008-08-08 Moteur à combustion interne Not-in-force EP2175116B1 (fr)

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JP2007208037 2007-08-09
PCT/JP2008/064304 WO2009020206A1 (fr) 2007-08-09 2008-08-08 Moteur à combustion interne

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JP5629463B2 (ja) 2014-11-19
WO2009020206A1 (fr) 2009-02-12

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