EP2119880A1 - Procédé destiné à démarrer une chaudière à vapeur - Google Patents

Procédé destiné à démarrer une chaudière à vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2119880A1
EP2119880A1 EP08002850A EP08002850A EP2119880A1 EP 2119880 A1 EP2119880 A1 EP 2119880A1 EP 08002850 A EP08002850 A EP 08002850A EP 08002850 A EP08002850 A EP 08002850A EP 2119880 A1 EP2119880 A1 EP 2119880A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
vapor separator
steam generator
firing
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08002850A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Kral
Frank Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP08002850A priority Critical patent/EP2119880A1/fr
Priority to TW098103473A priority patent/TWI458919B/zh
Priority to RU2010138156/06A priority patent/RU2010138156A/ru
Priority to CA2715533A priority patent/CA2715533A1/fr
Priority to CN200980103555.6A priority patent/CN101932796B/zh
Priority to PL09709775T priority patent/PL2257696T3/pl
Priority to DK09709775.2T priority patent/DK2257696T3/en
Priority to AU2009214171A priority patent/AU2009214171B2/en
Priority to BRPI0907888-6A priority patent/BRPI0907888A2/pt
Priority to PCT/EP2009/051496 priority patent/WO2009101075A2/fr
Priority to US12/867,057 priority patent/US9810101B2/en
Priority to EP09709775.2A priority patent/EP2257696B1/fr
Priority to JP2010546312A priority patent/JP5189174B2/ja
Publication of EP2119880A1 publication Critical patent/EP2119880A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/14—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type during the starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for starting a continuous steam generator with a number of burners having combustion chamber whose evaporator tubes downstream of a water-vapor separator downstream of the flow medium side.
  • the energy content of a fuel used for evaporation of a flow medium in the steam generator In a power plant with a steam generator, the energy content of a fuel used for evaporation of a flow medium in the steam generator.
  • the steam generator has evaporator tubes for the evaporation of the flow medium, the heating of which leads to an evaporation of the flow medium guided therein.
  • the steam provided by the steam generator can in turn be provided, for example, for a connected external process or else for the drive of a steam turbine. If the steam drives a steam turbine, usually a generator or a working machine is operated via the turbine shaft of the steam turbine.
  • the power generated by the generator may be provided for feeding into a composite and / or island grid.
  • the steam generator can be designed as a continuous steam generator.
  • a continuous steam generator is from the essay " Evaporator concepts for BENSON steam generators "by J. Franke, W. Köhler and E. Wittchow, published in VGB-Kraftwerkstechnik 73 (1993), No. 4, pp. 352-360 known .
  • the heating of steam generator tubes provided as evaporator tubes leads to an evaporation of the flow medium in the steam generator tubes in a single pass.
  • the evaporator tubes are downstream of the flow medium side superheater tubes, which are the enthalpy further increase the exiting steam.
  • the superheater pipes are designed to pass steam and can be damaged when water enters. Therefore, they are usually upstream of the flow medium side, a water-vapor separator, which may include, for example, water vapor separator and a water bottle, the so-called water collection vessel, or combinations of separators and water bottle.
  • the water-vapor separator does not completely separate evaporated water from the steam, collects it first and releases it via an outlet valve. The separated water can either be discarded or re-circulated for re-evaporation.
  • a method for starting a continuous steam generator, with which the water discharge can be avoided or kept low, is from the DE 19528438 known.
  • the ratio of firing capacity and feedwater flow is adjusted such that the water pumped into the evaporator tubes completely evaporated even in the partial load range and thus no or almost no water enters the water-vapor separator or the superheater tubes. The water output is thus minimized by a correspondingly low supply of feed water.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an alternative method for starting up a continuous steam generator, in which the amount of water flowing in during the starting process into the water-steam separator and the water discharge device is kept low so that a smaller dimensioning of the water-steam generator is achieved. Separator and / or water discharge device is possible, at the same time a sufficient cooling of the evaporator tubes should be guaranteed. This should be achieved with simple means for a suitable for carrying out the process continuous steam generator.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention by adjusting the firing capacity of at least one of the burners as a function of a fill level characteristic value for the water-vapor separator.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that sufficient cooling of the evaporator tubes then ensured remains when the supplied feed water quantity is sufficiently large. Avoiding the discharge of water by simply reducing the amount of feed water is therefore not expedient. Nevertheless, a comparatively smaller dimensioning of the water-vapor separator and the water discharge device should be achieved, since this would mean the saving of significant material and manufacturing costs in the design of the water-vapor separator and the water discharge device. Therefore, the water discharge occurring during the startup process should be reduced by other means than by influencing the feedwater quantity. This can be achieved by distributing the water output over a longer period of time.
  • the incipient evaporation of the water should be slowed down during the start-up process, since the water discharge is caused by the sudden onset of evaporation in the evaporator tubes and the resulting volume increase. This can be achieved by a corresponding influence on the heat input into the evaporator tubes. This is in turn determined by the firing capacity and should thus be controlled taking into account the onset of evaporation.
  • the water discharge caused by the evaporation can be used as an indicator. Since the water discharge is indicated in particular by an increase in the influence of water in the water-vapor separator, this can be done by measuring a level characteristic of the water-vapor separator.
  • the evaluation of different characteristics characteristic of the level in the water-vapor separation device is conceivable.
  • a flow measurement at the inlet of the water-vapor separator could be made, can be concluded indirectly from the level.
  • a particularly reliable implementation can be achieved by providing in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a direct measurement of the level of the water-vapor separator is.
  • An increase in the level in the water-vapor separator shows a beginning of water discharge particularly reliable and can be measured by simple means.
  • the rate of change of the measured fill level characteristic value can additionally be taken into account, since a particularly rapid rise provides a further indicator for incipient water discharge and the level of water discharge.
  • the heat supply to the evaporator tubes should be influenced and in particular throttled.
  • this can be achieved by suspending the increase in firing capacity at the time of onset of evaporation.
  • the evaporation process is slowed down and prevents over-feeding of the water-vapor separator with water. Since the incipient discharge of water is indicated in particular by a relatively high increase of the filling level in the water-vapor separator, this reduction can advantageously take place when a limit value of the measured filling level characteristic value of the water-vapor separating device is reached. This allows a technically particularly easy to implement circuit.
  • the firing output of the burners can not only be kept constant, but even reduced. This causes an even greater reduction of the heat input into the evaporator tubes and thus an even stronger slowing down of the evaporation process. This allows even more effective reduction of water discharge and limitation of water entry into the water-vapor separator.
  • a minimum stationary start-up firing power depending on the design of the continuous steam generator with regard to the stability of the combustion, for example between 2% and 5% of the maximum firing capacity (corresponding to a firing capacity at 100% load), should not be fallen below.
  • the reduction of the firing rate when reaching the limit value is advantageously 1% to 5% of the maximum firing rate.
  • a particularly effective plant operation can be achieved by the continuous steam generator as soon as possible and immediately after the expelled after the onset of evaporation water is brought into its desired operating condition.
  • the firing rate is expediently increased again after a waiting period.
  • the initial state of a continuous steam generator is very different for hot and cold start:
  • the temperature of the various components has a direct influence on the parameters of the startup process.
  • different limits are given for hot and cold start of the continuous steam generator.
  • the water-vapor separation device comprises different exhaust valves for hot and cold start
  • the upper limit for example, be the uppermost value of the control range for the warm start valve.
  • the upper limit may be, for example, the uppermost value of the cold-start drain valve level control range.
  • the object is achieved by providing a control unit for setting the firing capacity on the data input side with a sensor for measuring a fill-level characteristic of the water-steam trap. Separating device is connected.
  • the senor directly measures the level of the water-vapor separator.
  • the level of the water-vapor separator offers a particularly easy-to-process size for the control of the firing capacity.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that by the measurement or observation of the amount of water in the water-vapor separator an early detection of incipient water discharge during the start-up phase, ie in the first 20 minutes after the ignition of the burner and below 15% the maximum firing capacity is possible and can be mitigated by a needs-based control of the firing capacity, in particular a reduction of the firing capacity.
  • the amount of water introduced into the water-vapor separator and the water-vapor separator and water discharge device can be made smaller overall, so that significant material and manufacturing costs can be saved.
  • the continuous steam generator 1 according to FIG. 1 is designed in a vertical design.
  • the amount of fuel B introduced through the fuel inlet 2 is influenced by a control valve 4 which is adjusted by a control device 6.
  • the control device 6 thus directly controls the firing output of the burners 7.
  • the hot gas produced by the combustion process flows through the combustion chamber 8 and enters a gas flue 9.
  • the throttle cable 9 can not be shown other components such. B. be followed by an economizer.
  • Flow medium side enters water W through a water inlet 10 first in the evaporator tubes 12, the discharge side open into the water-vapor separator 14.
  • Unevaporated water is collected in the water-vapor separator 14 and, because it is under pressure, either completely removed by a drain valve 15 from the system, or it is in an evaporator system with circulation appropriately proportionately a division of the total flow mass flow from the Water-vapor separator on a circulation pump 20 (with downstream circulation control valve 21) and a drain valve 15 instead.
  • the discharged water can either be discarded or re-fed via the water inlet 10 into the system.
  • the individual drain valve 15 shown here it is also possible to provide different drain valves for hot and cold start, which in their design correspond to the different initial states the continuous steam generator 1 are adapted for hot and cold start.
  • the generated steam D exits the water-steam separator 14 into the superheater tubes 16 where it is further overheated, and is then fed through the steam outlet 18 for further use.
  • the steam is supplied for power generation of a steam turbine, not shown here.
  • the control device 6 for the firing power is designed such that an excessive water discharge is prevented by the sudden onset of evaporation during startup by timely influence, in particular temporary reduction of the firing capacity.
  • the water-vapor separation device 14 is equipped with various sensors for measuring level characteristics: These include one or more level sensors 30, which are connected via a data line 36 to the control device 6.
  • the level characteristic values of the water-vapor separator are thus read out by the control device 6 and thus make it possible to detect a sudden increase in the fill level in the water-steam separator 14. This level change is a consequence of the water output from the evaporator tubes 12, which in turn is triggered by the incipient evaporation.
  • the control device 6 thus receives reliable data on the incipient evaporation in the evaporator tubes 12 and is designed for a timely intervention in the burner control in order to limit further evaporation and thus the entry of water into the water-vapor separator.
  • the timing of a start-up process of the continuous steam generator is based on the relevant parameters or data in the diagram after FIG. 2 shown.
  • the process data of a typical starting process determined in a simulation program are in FIG. 2 applied against time.
  • Line L1 shows the firing rate of the burners 7 as a percentage of the maximum firing rate, controlled by the controller 6.
  • the line L2 shows the inlet mass flow into the water vapor separator 14, the line L3 shows the outlet mass flow rate of the water through the drain valve 15.
  • the line L4 shows the data of the level sensor 30 and thus the level of the water-vapor separator 14th
  • the burners 7 are first raised to a firing rate of 5% of the maximum firing rate. After about 75 seconds, evaporation begins in the evaporator tubes 12, which initiates water ejection, evidenced by the sudden increase in the inlet mass flow into the water-vapor separator. After about 90 seconds, the exit mass flow reaches the maximum throughput capacity of the drain valve 15 and the water level of the water-steam separator 14 increases.
  • a reduction of the firing capacity is triggered by 2.5% of the maximum firing capacity in area II. It could also be a different measure used as an indicator, such as the first derivative, d. H. the rate of change of the level could serve as an indicator.
  • the firing capacity in area III is increased by the previously reduced 2.5% of the maximum firing capacity. Furthermore, the firing capacity is further increased, thus producing the continuous operating state of the continuous steam generator.
  • the method thus effectively limits the maximum level of the water-steam separator 14 by timely intervention in the firing capacity of the burner 7 and thus reliably prevents water from entering the superheater 16.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
EP08002850A 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Procédé destiné à démarrer une chaudière à vapeur Withdrawn EP2119880A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08002850A EP2119880A1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Procédé destiné à démarrer une chaudière à vapeur
TW098103473A TWI458919B (zh) 2008-02-15 2009-02-04 連續式蒸汽產生器之起動方法
RU2010138156/06A RU2010138156A (ru) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Способ запуска проточного парогенератора
CA2715533A CA2715533A1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Procede de mise en marche d'un generateur de vapeur a fonctionnement continu
CN200980103555.6A CN101932796B (zh) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 直流式蒸汽发生器的起动方法和直流式蒸汽发生器
PL09709775T PL2257696T3 (pl) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Sposób rozruchu przepływowej wytwornicy pary
DK09709775.2T DK2257696T3 (en) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 A method for starting a steam generator passes
AU2009214171A AU2009214171B2 (en) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Method for starting a continuous steam generator
BRPI0907888-6A BRPI0907888A2 (pt) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Método para dar partida em um gerador de vapor contínuo
PCT/EP2009/051496 WO2009101075A2 (fr) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Procédé de mise en marche d'un générateur de vapeur à fonctionnement continu
US12/867,057 US9810101B2 (en) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Method for starting a continuous steam generator
EP09709775.2A EP2257696B1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Procédé de mise en marche d'un générateur de vapeur à fonctionnement continu
JP2010546312A JP5189174B2 (ja) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 貫流ボイラの始動方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08002850A EP2119880A1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Procédé destiné à démarrer une chaudière à vapeur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2119880A1 true EP2119880A1 (fr) 2009-11-18

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08002850A Withdrawn EP2119880A1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Procédé destiné à démarrer une chaudière à vapeur
EP09709775.2A Active EP2257696B1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Procédé de mise en marche d'un générateur de vapeur à fonctionnement continu

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09709775.2A Active EP2257696B1 (fr) 2008-02-15 2009-02-10 Procédé de mise en marche d'un générateur de vapeur à fonctionnement continu

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US9810101B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2119880A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5189174B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101932796B (fr)
AU (1) AU2009214171B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0907888A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2715533A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2257696T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2257696T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2010138156A (fr)
TW (1) TWI458919B (fr)
WO (1) WO2009101075A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2065641A3 (fr) * 2007-11-28 2010-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur en flux continu, ainsi que générateur de vapeur en flux à sens unique
EP2182278A1 (fr) * 2008-09-09 2010-05-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Générateur de vapeur en continu
DE102009040250B4 (de) * 2009-09-04 2015-05-21 Alstom Technology Ltd. Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger für den Einsatz von Dampftemperaturen von über 650 Grad C
WO2013114095A1 (fr) 2012-01-30 2013-08-08 Nexeon Limited Composition de matière électroactive à base de si/c
CN103453509B (zh) * 2013-09-12 2014-10-08 国家电网公司 火电机组启动升温阶段饱和蒸汽升温速率的自动控制方法
CN105180137B (zh) * 2015-10-20 2016-10-26 国家电网公司 火力发电机组启动升温阶段饱和蒸汽升温速率控制方法
CN109683522B (zh) * 2018-12-24 2020-03-17 奥克斯空调股份有限公司 一种电磁炉火量控制方法、装置及电磁炉

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US3478726A (en) * 1967-05-23 1969-11-18 Sulzer Ag Apparatus for regulating the recirculation of working medium in a once-through force-flow steam generator
GB1207366A (en) * 1966-12-30 1970-09-30 Sulzer Ag Forced flow steam generators
US3690303A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-09-12 Sulzer Ag Forced circulating steam generator and method of generating steam
US3780705A (en) * 1971-09-24 1973-12-25 Sulzer Ag Method of controlling the feed of forced circulation steam generators
EP0549522A1 (fr) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-30 ABB Management AG Méthode de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée et générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée pour cela
DE19528438A1 (de) 1995-08-02 1997-02-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren und System zum Anfahren eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers

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GB1207366A (en) * 1966-12-30 1970-09-30 Sulzer Ag Forced flow steam generators
US3478726A (en) * 1967-05-23 1969-11-18 Sulzer Ag Apparatus for regulating the recirculation of working medium in a once-through force-flow steam generator
US3690303A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-09-12 Sulzer Ag Forced circulating steam generator and method of generating steam
US3780705A (en) * 1971-09-24 1973-12-25 Sulzer Ag Method of controlling the feed of forced circulation steam generators
EP0549522A1 (fr) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-30 ABB Management AG Méthode de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée et générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée pour cela
DE19528438A1 (de) 1995-08-02 1997-02-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren und System zum Anfahren eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers

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Title
W. KÖHLER; E. WITTCHOW, VGB-KRAFTWERKSTECHNIK, vol. 73, 1993, pages 352 - 360

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2011512506A (ja) 2011-04-21
AU2009214171B2 (en) 2013-04-04
CN101932796A (zh) 2010-12-29
AU2009214171A1 (en) 2009-08-20
CN101932796B (zh) 2015-02-04
RU2010138156A (ru) 2012-03-20
TWI458919B (zh) 2014-11-01
TW200940906A (en) 2009-10-01
WO2009101075A3 (fr) 2009-12-23
EP2257696B1 (fr) 2016-09-28
WO2009101075A2 (fr) 2009-08-20
US9810101B2 (en) 2017-11-07
US20110011090A1 (en) 2011-01-20
PL2257696T3 (pl) 2017-04-28
JP5189174B2 (ja) 2013-04-24
DK2257696T3 (en) 2017-01-09
BRPI0907888A2 (pt) 2015-07-21
EP2257696A2 (fr) 2010-12-08
CA2715533A1 (fr) 2009-08-20

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