EP2102389A1 - Verfahren zur galvanischen beschichtung von werkstücken in einem zinkhaltigen elektrolytbad - Google Patents
Verfahren zur galvanischen beschichtung von werkstücken in einem zinkhaltigen elektrolytbadInfo
- Publication number
- EP2102389A1 EP2102389A1 EP07846700A EP07846700A EP2102389A1 EP 2102389 A1 EP2102389 A1 EP 2102389A1 EP 07846700 A EP07846700 A EP 07846700A EP 07846700 A EP07846700 A EP 07846700A EP 2102389 A1 EP2102389 A1 EP 2102389A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpieces
- treated
- bath
- zinc
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/10—Agitating of electrolytes; Moving of racks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/16—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk
- C25D17/28—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk with means for moving the objects individually through the apparatus during treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the galvanic coating of workpieces, in which the workpieces are first received on a transport device, then pretreated and then moved by means of the transport device, preferably on racks, by a zinc-containing electrolyte bath.
- the galvanic coating of workpieces in zinc-containing electrolyte baths has been part of the standard surface treatment of metallic workpieces for many years.
- the galvanizing baths concerned take up a considerable amount of space and require considerable throughput times in order to ensure reliable galvanizing with a sufficient layer quality.
- the throughput times are usually of the order of an hour or more.
- Galvanizing baths for coating workpieces with pure zinc layers or with zinc-iron layers or zinc-nickel layers are available on the market in a variety of ways.
- Alkaline, cyanide-free galvanizing baths usually contain sodium hydroxide or alternatively potassium hydroxide at about 100 to 150 g / l, the zinc content depending on the manufacturer is about 8 to 18 g / l.
- organic additives are added to achieve high quality glossy coatings with uniform layer thickness distribution. Depending on the manufacturer, about 20 to 30 ml are usually added to pure galvanizing baths, while zinc-iron baths add about 20 to 60 ml / l and zinc-nickel baths about 250 ml / l of organic additives.
- the throughput time of the workpieces through a coating bath are significantly influenced by the maximum permissible current density.
- High current densities are desirable to achieve short cycle times.
- too high current densities lead to uneven coatings and "burn marks" of the workpieces at exposed locations.
- the maximum permissible current density is limited by the manufacturers of the electrolyte baths to a considerable extent.
- current densities of a maximum of 2 to 3 A / dm 2 are permissible for pure galvanizing baths.
- current densities of 1.5 to 4 A / dm 2 are considered admissible, while for zinc-nickel electrolytic baths 2.5 to 3 A / dm 2 are given as the upper limit.
- the invention is based on the object of improving a method for the galvanic coating of workpieces in a zinc-containing electrolyte bath in such a way that the throughput time of the workpieces is considerably shortened by the electrolytic bath and yet a consistently high quality of the galvanic coating is ensured.
- This object is achieved by a method for the galvanic coating of workpieces, in which the workpieces are first taken on a transport device, then pretreated and moved by means of the transport device, preferably on racks, by a zinc-containing electrolyte bath, the workpieces with a current density be treated at least 3 A / dm 2 and wherein the bath volume is circulated at least 20 times per hour.
- the current density during the galvanic treatment can be considerably increased if a strong Badagitation is guaranteed.
- a circulation of the bath volume of at least 20 times per hour or preferably of 30 times, more preferably of 40 times, more preferably of at least 50 times, or more preferably of at least 80 times, more preferably of at least 100 times, particularly preferably at least 200 times
- Higher current densities of at least 3 A / dm 2 or significantly more can be achieved per hour without the quality of the electrodeposited layer being adversely affected.
- the electrolyte bath is preferably circulated via nozzles, preferably via venturi nozzles.
- nozzles preferably via venturi nozzles.
- several or a plurality of nozzles can be used, is injected via the electrolyte liquid from a pump with a sufficiently high mass flow in the bath.
- Excess electrolyte can be collected in an overflow tank and from there by means of pump under- Support be returned via the nozzles back into the electrolyte bath.
- a high pumping capacity and a sufficient number and distribution of nozzles which may be arranged, for example, on the bottom surface and / or on the side surfaces of the bath, a uniform circulation and turbulence of the electrolyte liquid over the entire effective bath volume is ensured.
- items moved on racks through the bath can be coated evenly and at high speed.
- the workpieces are preferably mechanically reciprocated within the electrolyte fluid, preferably at a rate of 1 to 10 meters per minute, as is conventional with conventional electroplating rack baths.
- the workpieces are preferably treated in a zinc-containing electrolyte bath which has a content of sodium carbonate which is ⁇ 80 g / l.
- the zinc content is preferably adjusted to 10 to 100 g / l, preferably to 10 to 50 g / l.
- the alkali content is preferably adjusted to 100 to 300 g / l, preferably to 150 to 200 g / l of sodium hydroxide or alternatively to potassium hydroxide.
- the workpieces are preferably treated at a temperature of 25 to 40 0 C.
- organic additives of from 25 to 100 ml / l, preferably from 30 to 80 ml / l, more preferably from 30 to 75 ml / l are preferably added.
- the current density is in this case preferably set to 5 to 40 A / dm 2 , preferably to 5 to 30 A / dm 2 , more preferably to 5 to 20 A / dm 2 .
- the current density is preferably 5 to 20 A / dm 2 , more preferably 10 to 20 A / dm 2 , particularly preferably 12 to 18 A / dm second set.
- the treatment temperature is preferably 25 to 4O 0 C.
- a zinc content of 10 to 100 g / l and an iron content of 100 to 1500 mg / l are preferably used.
- the zinc content is 10 to 50 g / l and the iron content is 100 to 1000 mg / l.
- the alkali content is in this case preferably adjusted to 100 to 300 g / l, preferably to 150 to 200 g / l of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- the treatment in such an alkaline zinc-iron bath is preferably carried out at a temperature of 25 to 30 0 C.
- organic additives of from 30 to 100 ml / l, preferably from 30 to 80 ml / l, more preferably from 30 to 60 ml / l, are preferably added in the alkaline zinc-iron bath.
- a higher current density is used, preferably between 5 and 30 A / dm 2 , preferably between 5 and 25 A / dm 2 , more preferably between 10 and 25 A / dm 2 .
- organic additives of 30 to 100 ml / 1, preferably from 30 to 80 ml / 1, more preferably from 30 to 60 ml / 1 are preferably added.
- the treatment of the workpieces in an alkaline zinc-nickel bath it is preferable to use a zinc content of 10 to 100 g / l and a nickel content of 1.5 to 10 g / l. More preferably, the zinc content is 10 to 50 g / l and the nickel content is 2 to 6 g / l.
- the treatment is preferably carried out at a temperature of 25 to 40 0 C, preferably from 28 to 40 0 C.
- organic additives of 300 to 1,000 ml / 1, preferably 300 to 500 ml / 1 are preferably added.
- the treatment is preferably carried out with a current density of about 3 to 30 A / dm second
- castings, die-cast parts, forged parts or sintered metal parts are treated in a zinc-nickel bath, this is preferably done with a slightly higher current density of 6 to 30 A / dm 2 , preferably 10 to 20 A / dm 2 .
- the workpieces can preferably be moved additionally in the electrolyte liquid during the electrolytic coating, preferably at a speed of 1 to 10 m / min.
- the workpieces can also be moved at a higher speed within the electrolyte fluid, so that even faster bath movement can be achieved by faster movement of the workpieces themselves.
- the movement of workpieces that are suspended on racks, in principle, for mechanical reasons can not be increased arbitrarily.
- drumware which can be moved in a drum, if necessary, at a relatively high speed, therefore, according to the invention a considerable Badagitation necessary to ensure the present invention achievable short throughput times with consistently high quality.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a method according to the invention for the surface treatment of workpieces together with pretreatment, galvanic coating and aftertreatment;
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of an inventive electrolytic bath according to FIG. 1.
- a typical procedure for the surface treatment of workpieces is shown and designated by the numeral 10 in total.
- the metallic workpieces to be treated pass through a plurality of stations 12-38.
- the stations can be arranged along a belt drive, as shown for example in FIG.
- the workpieces are hereby moved from station to station by means of the belt drive guided on suitable guides.
- the belt By the belt here the transport is ensured while the guide receives the carrying forces for transport in the x- / y-direction.
- the workpieces themselves are items that are received on racks that are moved by the belt from station to station.
- the workpieces can be loaded, for example, first at a loading station 12 and get from here to a boiling off fats 14. This is followed by a cascade rinse 16 and a pickling treatment of the workpieces in a pickling station 18. The pickling station 18 in turn followed by a cascade rinse 20. This is optionally followed by an ultrasonic cleaning 22 and possibly an electrolytic degreasing 24. This is preferably followed by a Dekap michsstation 26, which may be followed by a cascade rinse 28.
- the workpieces then enter a galvanizing station 30, which is shown in more detail in FIG. After passing through the galvanizing station 30, the workpieces again arrive at a cascade rinse 32 and possibly at a passivation station or chromating station 34. This can optionally be replaced by a sealing device. Station (painting) 36 to be followed. Finally, the workpieces arrive at a discharge station 38.
- the galvanizing station 30 has three successively arranged, coupled together cells 46, 48, 50, which are designed as double cells and which can be run successively in parallel by workpieces 68 and 68 ', which are held on racks, which are moved by means of the belt drive ,
- the workpieces 68, 68 ' are connected as a cathode, and an anode 40, 44 is provided on the longitudinal outer sides of the galvanizing bath.
- a central anode 42 is provided, which, like the two outer anodes 40, 44, extends over the entire length of the galvanizing bath.
- the last cell 50 ends in an overflow 52.
- the cells 46, 48, 50 are filled with a common aqueous electrolyte fluid, each supplied via a high pressure pump 54, 56, 58 from the overflow reservoir 52 via nozzles 66 at the bottom of each cell 46, 48, 50.
- the nozzles 66 are evenly distributed at the bottom of each cell 46, 48, 50.
- venturi nozzles which provide an increased flow rate in the area of the exit point of each nozzle 66 and at the same time an improved circulation within the bath volume.
- Each pump 54, 56, 58 has a pumping capacity of 365 l / min.
- the Venturi effect of the nozzles 66 results in an increased circulation, which leads to a Badumicalzung in each cell 46, 48, 50, which is about 146-fold / h.
- Table 1 shows the essential parameters for an alkaline galvanizing bath according to the manufacturer's instructions, the preferred values for the galvanizing of steel parts and other parts, as well as values of tests carried out on steel parts and castings.
- Castings for calipers were used as workpieces, including but not limited to holders, housings and frames.
- steel parts made of ferritic steel of various geometries were examined.
- Table 1 now summarizes the manufacturer's instructions for an alkaline aqueous galvanizing bath using sodium hydroxide, as well as the preferred values according to the invention and experimental values carried out.
- the column “Steel Parts” summarizes the preferred values for treating relatively smooth surface steel workpieces, which may be ferritic or austenitic steel.
- the column “Other parts” summarizes the preferred values for the treatment of castings, die-cast parts (such as Al die-cast parts), forged parts and sintered metal parts. The test values were obtained on steel parts made of ferritic steel or castings.
- Table 2 gives the corresponding information for an electrolyte coating in a zinc-iron electrolyte bath, while Table 3 summarizes the corresponding values for a zinc-nickel electrolyte coating.
- the Steep figures refer to sodium hydroxide baths or alternatively potassium hydroxide baths.
- the throughput times of the workpieces were 1 to 3 min.
- Table 1 relates to a pure galvanizing of workpieces, while Table 2 refers to a zinc-iron coating with about 0.3 to 0.8 wt .-% Fe content.
- Table 3 relates to a zinc-nickel coating with a nickel content of about 10 to 20 wt .-%.
- the workpieces 68, 68 ' were reciprocated at a rate of about 3 to 5 m / min during the x / y direction treatment.
- the layer thickness which was usually between 8 and 16 microns, met the requirements.
- the workpieces were free of bubbles and had a good gloss level.
- the coated workpieces did not differ from workpieces coated in conventional processes according to the manufacturer's instructions. In conventional processes, only the throughput times were significantly greater and on the order of about 30 to 90 min.
- the parameters used increased concentrations of zinc and optionally iron or nickel, organic additives, at the same time increased temperature and current density
- the strong Badumicalzung drastically reduced throughput times at the same time high coating quality compared to conventional coatings.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006060255A DE102006060255B4 (de) | 2006-12-14 | 2006-12-14 | Verfahren zur galvanischen Beschichtung von Werkstücken in einem zinkhaltigen Elektrolytbad |
| PCT/EP2007/010059 WO2008071298A1 (de) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-11-21 | Verfahren zur galvanischen beschichtung von werkstücken in einem zinkhaltigen elektrolytbad |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2102389A1 true EP2102389A1 (de) | 2009-09-23 |
| EP2102389B1 EP2102389B1 (de) | 2016-04-27 |
Family
ID=39247156
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07846700.8A Not-in-force EP2102389B1 (de) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-11-21 | Verfahren zur galvanischen beschichtung von werkstücken in einem zinkhaltigen elektrolytbad |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2102389B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006060255B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008071298A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024176155A1 (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2024-08-29 | Magna International Inc. | Method for forming a member for use in an automobile |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4545865A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-10-08 | Stubb Paul R | Method for electrodeposition of materials |
| DE3905100A1 (de) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-08-23 | Hans Henig | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum elektrolytaustausch vornehmlich in engen vertiefungen grossflaechiger werkstuecke |
| DE4430652C2 (de) * | 1994-08-29 | 1997-01-30 | Metallglanz Gmbh | Galvanisches Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie dessen Verwendung zum galvanischen oder chemischen Behandeln, insbesondere zum kontinuierlichen Aufbringen metallischer Schichten auf einen Körper |
| DE19648464C2 (de) * | 1996-11-22 | 1999-04-22 | Lpw Blasberg Anlagen Gmbh | Verfahren zur vertikalen elektrolytischen Metallisierung von plattenförmigem Galvanisiergut und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung desselben |
| CH694619A5 (de) * | 1999-07-12 | 2005-04-29 | Wmv Appbau Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen Behandlung. |
-
2006
- 2006-12-14 DE DE102006060255A patent/DE102006060255B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-11-21 EP EP07846700.8A patent/EP2102389B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-11-21 WO PCT/EP2007/010059 patent/WO2008071298A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008071298A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024176155A1 (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2024-08-29 | Magna International Inc. | Method for forming a member for use in an automobile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2102389B1 (de) | 2016-04-27 |
| WO2008071298A1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
| DE102006060255A1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
| DE102006060255B4 (de) | 2012-09-27 |
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