EP2093204B1 - Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zum Erzeugen eines Tarnnebels - Google Patents
Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zum Erzeugen eines Tarnnebels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2093204B1 EP2093204B1 EP09001162A EP09001162A EP2093204B1 EP 2093204 B1 EP2093204 B1 EP 2093204B1 EP 09001162 A EP09001162 A EP 09001162A EP 09001162 A EP09001162 A EP 09001162A EP 2093204 B1 EP2093204 B1 EP 2093204B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- smoke
- dicarboxylic acids
- acid
- fog
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 aromatic dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000475481 Nebula Species 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/006—Stabilisers (e.g. thermal stabilisers)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/04—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
- C06B33/14—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds at least one being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pyrotechnic mist set for generating a camouflage mist according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the mist set is a mixture of a light metal powder, preferably magnesium powder as a metallic reducing agent, potassium nitrate or a mixture of potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate as the main oxidizing agent, at least one carbonate, for example calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate as a further auxiliary oxidant and nitrogen-releasing Substances as Abbrandmoderatoren and potassium chloride as sublimiertravelen and / or common salt as evaporable non-toxic, mist-forming substance.
- nitrogen-releasing substances preferably azodicarbonamide, oxamide or dicyandiamide are used.
- the mixture of said substances are preferably pressed into a sleeve, at the end of which a priming mixture is provided.
- the igniter mixture consists essentially of the same components as the fog set, but with the exception of Abbrandmoderatoren, but has a modified quantitative composition, as this is explained in detail in said patent.
- This known pyrotechnic fog set has proven excellent. However, it has been found that this mixture is susceptible to corrosion for very long periods of storage.
- the metal in the mist set reacts with water that is present in the mist set as residual moisture or originates from the ambient moisture, whereby hydrogen is formed.
- the liberated hydrogen reduces the nitrate in the mist set to gaseous ammonia.
- pyrotechnic fog sets containing as fog-forming substance dicarboxylic acids, eg. Sebacic acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid, etc. These acids are present in the pyrotechnic fog composition at a level of from about 15 to 68 percent by weight, usually at a level of between about 30 and about 50 percent by weight; see. for example US-H227, US-H233, US 5,522,320 or US 5,154,782 , The dicarboxylic acids are usually mixed with potassium perchlorate etc. as the oxidizing agent.
- dicarboxylic acids eg. Sebacic acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid, etc.
- the dicarboxylic acids are usually mixed with potassium perchlorate etc. as the oxidizing agent.
- the invention has for its object to improve the known fog set according to the preamble of claim 1 so that it is optimally functional even after a long storage time.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids used are preferably phthalic acid or terephthalic acid or a mixture of these substances.
- the abovementioned aliphatic and / or aromatic dicarboxylic acids chemically stabilize the mixture of the pyrotechnic mist composition in such a way that no ammonia forms and the mixture of the mist set can be stored for a long time without impairing its functionality.
- Pyrotechnic fog sets of the type in question are usually pressed into a sleeve and covered with a primer mixture, which ignites the fog set when it is used pyrotechnic.
- a binder may be added to the mixture of the fog set selected from the group of halogen-free thermoplastics.
- the binder is, for example, a polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl ester or polyvinyl ether.
- the mixture for a pyrotechnic mist set according to the invention preferably contains proportionately: Magnesium powder (Mg) as a reducing agent 10-25% Potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) 20-36% Potassium perchlorate (KClO 4 ) 0-15% wherein potassium nitrate and / or potassium perchlorate serve as the main oxidizing agent, at least one carbonate, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) and / or sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) in a proportion of 12-30% wherein said carbonates serve as further oxidizing agents, Potassium chloride (KCl) and / or Common salt (NaCl) as fog-forming substances 20-50% aliphatic and / or aromatic dicarboxylic acids as stabilizers 0.1-5%.
- Mg Magnesium powder
- azodicarbonamide, oxamide and / or dicyandiamide are preferably used in a proportion of 5-20%.
- a binder from the group of halogen-free thermoplastics may also be used, wherein the binder is preferably polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl esters or polyvinyl ethers.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
- Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen pyrotechnischen Nebelsatz zum Erzeugen eines Tarnnebels gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.
- Ein solcher pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz ist aus der
DE 3728380-C1 bekannt. Der Nebelsatz ist eine Mischung aus einem Leichtmetallpulver, vorzugsweise Magnesiumpulver als metallischem Reduktionsmittel, aus Kaliumnitrat oder einer Mischung aus Kaliumnitrat und Kaliumperchlorat als Hauptoxidationsmittel, aus mindestens einem Karbonat, zum Beispiel Kalziumkarbonat, Kaliumhydrogenkarbonat, Natriumhydrogenkarbonat, Kaliumkarbonat oder Natriumkarbonat als weiteres Hilfsoxidationsmittel sowie aus Stickstoff abspaltenden Substanzen als Abbrandmoderatoren sowie Kaliumchlorid als sublimierfähigen und/oder Kochsalz als verdampfbaren ungiftigen, Nebel bildenden Stoff. - Als Stickstoff abspaltende Substanzen werden vorzugsweise Azodicarbonamid, Oxamid oder Dicyandiamid verwendet.
- Die Mischung der genannte Substanzen werden vorzugsweise in eine Hülse gepresst, an dessen Ende eine Anzündmischung vorgesehen ist. Die Anzündmischung besteht im Wesentlichen aus den gleichen Komponenten wie der Nebelsatz, allerdings mit Ausnahme der Abbrandmoderatoren, weist jedoch eine geänderte quantitative Zusammensetzung auf, wie dieses im Detail in der genannten Patentschrift erläutert ist.
- Dieser bekannte pyrotechnische Nebelsatz hat sich ausgezeichnet bewährt. Jedoch hat es sich gezeigt, dass diese Mischung bei sehr langen Lagerzeiten korrosionsanfällig ist. Das in dem Nebelsatz befindliche Metall reagiert mit Wasser, das im Nebelsatz als Restfeuchtigkeit vorliegt oder aus der Umgebungsfeuchtigkeit stammt, wobei Wasserstoff gebildet wird. Der frei werdende Wasserstoff reduziert das Nitrat in dem Nebelsatz zu gasförmigem Ammoniak. Dieses schwächt die Struktur eines den Nebelsatz enthaltenden Nebelkörpers, allein schon durch die mit der Bildung von gasförmigem Ammoniak einhergehende Volumenvergrößerung. Nach längerer Lagerzeit kann es vorkommen, dass der pyrotechnische Nebelsatz nicht mehr optimal funktionstüchtig ist.
- Es sind auch pyrotechnische Nebelsätze bekannt, die als Nebel bildenden Stoff Dicarbonsäuren enthalten, z. B. Sebazinsäure, Adipinsäure, Terephthalsäure etc. Diese Säuren sind in der pyrotechnischen Nebelsatzmischung in einem Anteil von etwa 15 bis 68 Gewichtsprozent vorhanden, üblicherweise in einem Anteil zwischen 30 und gut 50 Gewichtsprozent; vgl. etwa US-H227, US-H233,
US 5,522,320 oderUS 5,154,782 . Die Dicarbonsäuren werden hierbei üblicherweise mit Kaliumperchlorat etc. als Oxidationsmittel vermischt. - Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den bekannten Nebelsatz gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 so zu verbessern, dass er auch nach langer Lagerzeit optimal funktionstüchtig ist.
- Diese Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.
- Überraschend wurde gefunden, dass eine Beimischung eines Stabilisators zu der Mischung des Nebelsatzes aus der Gruppe der aliphatischen und/oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren in einem geringen Prozentsatz zwischen 0,1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent zu einer Stabilisierung des pyrotechnischen Nebelsatzes beiträgt.
- Die angesprochenen Dicarbonsäuren sind Säuren, die über zwei Carboxylgruppen verfügen, die stabilisierend in der Mischung des pyrotechnischen Nebelsatzes wirken. Die Dicarbonsäuren, die aus dem Stand der Technik selbst als Nebel bildende Stoffe bekannt sind, wirken bei der Mischung gemäß der Erfindung aufgrund des geringen Gewichtanteils im Wesentlichen nicht als Nebel bildende Stoffe, sondern lediglich als Stabilisatoren.
- In Gegenwart von Dicarbonsäuren in dieser geringen Menge bilden sich im Zuge einer Neutralisation feste Ammoniumsalze. Die damit einhergehenden Volumenänderungen des Nebelsatzes sind deutlich geringer als die bei der Bildung von gasförmigem Ammoniak, sodass die Struktur des Nebelsatzes nicht beeinflusst und der Nebelsatz insgesamt stabilisiert wird.
- Als aliphatische Dicarbonsäuren werden vorzugsweise Oxalsäure, Malonsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure oder Sebazinsäure beziehungsweise eine Mischung aus diesen Stoffen verwendet.
- Als aromatische Dicarbonsäuren werden vorzugsweise Phthalsäure oder Terephthalsäure oder eine Mischung aus diesen Stoffen verwendet.
- Die genannten aliphatischen und/oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren stabilisieren die Mischung des pyrotechnischen Nebelsatzes chemisch so, dass sich kein Ammoniak bildet und die Mischung des Nebelsatzes für lange Zeit gelagert werden kann, ohne dass dessen Funktionsfähigkeit beeinträchtigt wird.
- Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze der hier in Rede stehenden Art werden üblicherweise in eine Hülse eingepresst und mit einer Anzündmischung abgedeckt, die den Nebelsatz bei seinem Einsatz pyrotechnisch anzündet.
- Um die Mischung des Nebelsatzes auch physikalisch zu stabilisieren, kann gemäß der Erfindung ein Bindemittel zu der Mischung des Nebelsatzes hinzugefügt werden, das aus der Gruppe der halogenfreien Thermoplaste ausgewählt ist. Das Bindemittel ist zum Beispiel ein Polyvinylacetat, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylbutyral, Polyvinylester oder Polyvinylether.
- Die Mischung für einen pyrotechnischen Nebelsatz gemäß der Erfindung enthält vorzugsweise anteilig:
Magnesiumpulver (Mg) als Reduktionsmittel 10-25% Kaliumnitrat (KNO3) 20-36% Kaliumperchlorat (KClO4) 0-15% mindestens ein Carbonat, wie Calciumcarbonat (CaCO3), Kaliumhydrogencarbonat (KHCO3), Natriumhydrogencarbonat (NaHCO3), Kaliumcarbonat (K2CO3) und/oder Natriumcarbonat (Na2CO3) in einem Anteil von 12-30%
Kaliumchlorid (KCl) und/oderKochsalz (NaCl) als nebelbildene Stoffe 20-50% aliphatische und/oder aromatische Dicarbonsäuren als Stabilisatoen 0,1-5%. - Die Prozentzahlen sind sämtlich Gewichtsprozente.
- Als Stickstoff abspaltende Substanzen werden bevorzugt Azodicarbonamid, Oxamid und/oder Dicyandiamid in einem Anteil von 5-20 % verwendet.
- Zur physikalischen Stabilisierung der Mischung des pyrotechnischen Nebelsatzes kann noch ein Bindemittel aus der Gruppe der halogenfreien Thermoplaste verwendet werden, wobei das Bindemittel bevorzugt Polyvinylacetat, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylbutyral, Polyvinylester oder Polyvinylether ist.
Claims (5)
- Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zum Erzeugen eines Tarnnebels, bestehend aus einer Mischung aus einem Leichtmetallpülver als metallischem Reduktionsmittel, Kaliumnitrat und ggf. Kaliumperchlorat als Hauptoxidationsmittel sowie mindestens einem Carbonat, wie zum Beispiel Calciumcarbonat und Kaliumhydrogencarbonat, als zusätzlichem Hilfsoxidationsmittel, ferner aus Stickstoff abspaltenden Substanzen und aus mindestens einem sublimierfähigen und/oder verdampfbaren ungiftigen, Nebel bildenden Stoff, sowie Dicarbonsäuren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicarbonsäuren aus der Gruppe der aliphatischen und/oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren gewählt sind und in der Mischung als Stabilisator wirken und darin in einem Anteil im Bereich von 0,1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent enthalten sind.
- Nebelsatz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren Oxalsäure, Malonsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure oder Sebacinsäure bzw. eine Mischung aus diesen Säuren sind.
- Nebelsatz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren Phtalsäure oder Terephthalsäure bzw. eine Mischung aus diesen Säuren sind.
- Nebelsatz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mischung des Nebelsatzes zur physikalischen Stabilisierung zusätzlich ein Bindemittel aus der Gruppe der halogenfreien Thermoplaste hinzugefügt ist.
- Nebelsatz nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bindemittel Polyvinylacetat, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylbutyral, Polyvinylester oder Polyvinylether ist.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL09001162T PL2093204T3 (pl) | 2008-02-25 | 2009-01-28 | Pirotechniczny zestaw mgłotwórczy do wytwarzania maskującej mgły |
| SI200930046T SI2093204T1 (sl) | 2008-02-25 | 2009-01-28 | Komplet za pirotehniäśno meglo za proizvajanje meglene zavese |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008010942A DE102008010942B4 (de) | 2008-02-25 | 2008-02-25 | Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zum Erzeugen eines Tarnnebels |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2093204A1 EP2093204A1 (de) | 2009-08-26 |
| EP2093204B1 true EP2093204B1 (de) | 2011-05-04 |
Family
ID=40740010
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09001162A Active EP2093204B1 (de) | 2008-02-25 | 2009-01-28 | Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zum Erzeugen eines Tarnnebels |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9034126B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2093204B1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20090091671A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE508102T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2652175A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102008010942B4 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2362473T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL2093204T3 (de) |
| SI (1) | SI2093204T1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008010942B4 (de) | 2008-02-25 | 2012-09-27 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zum Erzeugen eines Tarnnebels |
| DE102009049003A1 (de) | 2009-10-09 | 2011-06-16 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Kunststoffgebundene pyrotechnische Mischung zur Erzeugung von Alkalimetallchlorid- bzw. Erdalkalimetallchlorid-Aerosolen als Tarnnebel |
| RU2460711C1 (ru) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-09-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВПО "КНИТУ") | Пиротехнический состав цветного огня |
| FR3018277B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-07 | 2016-04-15 | Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S A | Composition fumigene incapacitante comprenant de la resine d'oleum capsicum microencapsulee |
| US10519074B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 | 2019-12-31 | Goodrich Corporation | Obscurant emission systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USH233H (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1987-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Smoke producing composition |
| USH227H (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1987-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Colored smoke-producing composition |
| US4841865A (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1989-06-27 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Smoke composition and method of making same |
| DE3728380C1 (de) | 1987-08-26 | 1988-11-24 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Pyrotechnische Mischung zur Erzeugung eines Tarnnebels und Anzuendmischung hierfuer |
| US5154782A (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1992-10-13 | Thiokol Corporation | Obscuring and nontoxic smoke compositions |
| US5522320A (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1996-06-04 | Thiokol Corporation | Low-toxicity obscuring smoke formulation |
| JP2001002488A (ja) * | 1999-06-17 | 2001-01-09 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | プリテンショナー用ガス発生剤組成物 |
| DE10064285C1 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-10-17 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Gasgeneratortreibstoff-Zusammensetzung und deren Verwendung |
| US6558487B1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2003-05-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Smoke generating compositions and methods of making the same |
| US7407598B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2008-08-05 | Goodrich Corporation | Flame suppressant aerosol generant |
| US7670446B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2010-03-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Wet processing and loading of percussion primers based on metastable nanoenergetic composites |
| DE102008010942B4 (de) | 2008-02-25 | 2012-09-27 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zum Erzeugen eines Tarnnebels |
-
2008
- 2008-02-25 DE DE102008010942A patent/DE102008010942B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-01-28 SI SI200930046T patent/SI2093204T1/sl unknown
- 2009-01-28 ES ES09001162T patent/ES2362473T3/es active Active
- 2009-01-28 PL PL09001162T patent/PL2093204T3/pl unknown
- 2009-01-28 AT AT09001162T patent/ATE508102T1/de active
- 2009-01-28 DE DE502009000610T patent/DE502009000610D1/de active Active
- 2009-01-28 EP EP09001162A patent/EP2093204B1/de active Active
- 2009-02-02 CA CA002652175A patent/CA2652175A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-18 US US12/378,672 patent/US9034126B2/en active Active
- 2009-02-25 KR KR1020090015592A patent/KR20090091671A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9034126B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
| PL2093204T3 (pl) | 2011-07-29 |
| DE502009000610D1 (de) | 2011-06-16 |
| KR20090091671A (ko) | 2009-08-28 |
| SI2093204T1 (sl) | 2011-08-31 |
| DE102008010942B4 (de) | 2012-09-27 |
| EP2093204A1 (de) | 2009-08-26 |
| CA2652175A1 (en) | 2009-08-25 |
| ES2362473T3 (es) | 2011-07-06 |
| DE102008010942A1 (de) | 2009-08-27 |
| ATE508102T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
| US20090211672A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
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