EP2068093B1 - Kühlvorrichtung - Google Patents
Kühlvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2068093B1 EP2068093B1 EP07806192.6A EP07806192A EP2068093B1 EP 2068093 B1 EP2068093 B1 EP 2068093B1 EP 07806192 A EP07806192 A EP 07806192A EP 2068093 B1 EP2068093 B1 EP 2068093B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- pressure
- expansion valve
- temperature
- refrigeration device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 178
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
- F25B2341/06—Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
- F25B2341/063—Feed forward expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/17—Control issues by controlling the pressure of the condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/191—Pressures near an expansion valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2102—Temperatures at the outlet of the gas cooler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration device, and particularly relates to a refrigeration device in which the refrigerant attains a supercritical state during the refrigeration cycle.
- the high-pressure-side refrigerant when the refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as the high-pressure-side refrigerant) that flows from the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor to the refrigerant inflow side of the first expansion valve has been in a subcritical state since the time operation was started, the high-pressure-side refrigerant sometimes transitions from a supercritical state to a subcritical state when the refrigerant flowing into the radiator has a low temperature, and at other times.
- the refrigerant hereinafter referred to as the high-pressure-side refrigerant
- the refrigerant that flows out from the radiator When supercooling of the refrigerant that flows out from the radiator is insufficient in this state in which the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state, the refrigerant that flows out from the first expansion valve attains a gas-liquid two-phase state, and it is difficult to control the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver.
- An object of the present invention is to enable the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver to be stably controlled even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state in a refrigeration device such as the one described above.
- a refrigeration device comprises the features as disclosed in claim 1.
- the control unit minimizes the degree of pressure reduction by the first expansion mechanism when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state. Therefore, the refrigerant that flows out from the first expansion mechanism can be made to approach a saturated state even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state in this refrigeration device.
- the refrigeration device further comprises a pressure detector.
- the pressure detector is provided between the refrigerant discharge side of the compression mechanism and the refrigerant inflow side of the first expansion mechanism.
- the control unit minimizes the degree of pressure reduction by the first expansion mechanism when the pressure detected by the pressure detector is equal to or less than a predetermined pressure.
- the "predetermined pressure” referred to herein is the pressure at which the refrigerant attains a subcritical state.
- control unit minimizes the degree of pressure reduction by the first expansion mechanism when the pressure detected by the pressure detector is equal to or less than a predetermined pressure. It is therefore possible to easily determine whether the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state in this refrigeration device.
- the refrigeration device further comprises a first temperature detector and a second temperature detector.
- the first temperature detector is provided to a first specific region of the radiator.
- the term "first specific region” refers to a region in which the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition to a subcritical state.
- the second temperature detector is provided to the first specific region of the radiator. The control unit minimizes the degree of pressure reduction by the first expansion mechanism when the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature detector and the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- control unit minimizes the degree of pressure reduction by the first expansion mechanism when the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature detector and the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value. It is therefore possible to easily determine whether the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state in this refrigeration device.
- a refrigeration device is the refrigeration device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the first expansion mechanism is a first expansion valve.
- the control unit fully opens the first expansion valve when the refrigerant that flows from the refrigerant discharge side of the compression mechanism to the refrigerant inflow side of the first expansion mechanism has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state.
- the control unit fully opens the first expansion valve when the refrigerant that flows from the refrigerant discharge side of the compression mechanism to the refrigerant inflow side of the first expansion mechanism has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state. Therefore, the refrigerant that flows out from the first expansion valve can be made to approach a saturated state even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state in this refrigeration device.
- a refrigeration device is the refrigeration device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the first expansion mechanism is a first expansion valve.
- the control unit fully opens the first expansion valve when the pressure detected by the pressure detector is equal to or less than a predetermined pressure.
- control unit fully opens the first expansion valve when the pressure detected by the pressure detector is equal to or less than a predetermined pressure. It is therefore possible to easily determine whether the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state in this refrigeration device.
- a refrigeration device is the refrigeration device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the first expansion mechanism is a first expansion valve.
- the control unit fully opens the first expansion valve when the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature detector and the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- control unit fully opens the first expansion valve when the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature detector and the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value. It is therefore possible to easily determine whether the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state in this refrigeration device.
- a refrigeration device is the refrigeration device according to the first aspect of the present invention, further comprising a 30 third temperature detector.
- the third temperature detector is provided to a second specific region of the radiator.
- the term "second specific region" refers to a region in which the high-pressure-side refrigerant does not attain a temperature equal to or lower than the critical temperature when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a supercritical state, and in which the high-pressure-side refrigerant attains the saturation temperature when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state.
- the control unit minimizes the degree of pressure reduction by the first expansion mechanism when the temperature detected by the third temperature detector is equal to or less than the critical temperature of the refrigerant.
- control unit minimizes the degree of pressure reduction by the first expansion mechanism when the temperature detected by the third temperature detector is equal to or less than the critical temperature of the refrigerant. It is therefore possible to easily determine whether the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state in this refrigeration device.
- a refrigeration device is the refrigeration device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, wherein the first expansion mechanism is a first expansion valve.
- the control unit fully opens the first expansion valve when the temperature detected by the third temperature detector is equal to or less than the critical temperature of the refrigerant.
- control unit fully opens the first expansion valve when the temperature detected by the third temperature detector is equal to or less than the critical temperature of the refrigerant. It is therefore possible to easily determine whether the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state in this refrigeration device.
- the refrigerant that flows out from the first expansion mechanism can be made to approach a saturated state even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state. Consequently, by adopting an appropriate expansion mechanism (in the case of an expansion valve, an expansion valve that has an appropriate maximum degree of opening) in this refrigeration device, it is possible to place the refrigerant that flows out from the first expansion mechanism into a near-saturated state even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state.
- an appropriate expansion mechanism in the case of an expansion valve, an expansion valve that has an appropriate maximum degree of opening
- the refrigerant that flows out from the first expansion valve can be made to approach a saturated state even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state. Consequently, by adopting an expansion valve that has an appropriate maximum degree of opening as the first expansion valve in this refrigeration device, it is possible to place the refrigerant that flows out from the first expansion mechanism into a near-saturated state even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state. It is thereby possible in this refrigeration device to stably control the level of refrigerant in the liquid receiver even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition from a supercritical state to a subcritical state.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the refrigerant circuit 2 of the air conditioning device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This air conditioning device 1 is an air conditioning device that is capable of cooling operation and heating operation using carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, and is primarily composed of a refrigerant circuit 2, blower fans 26, 32, a control device 23, a high-pressure sensor 21, an intermediate-pressure sensor 24, a temperature sensor 22, and other components.
- the refrigerant circuit 2 is equipped primarily with a compressor 11, a four-way switch valve 12, an outdoor heat exchanger 13, a first electric expansion valve 15, a liquid receiver 16, a second electric expansion valve 17, and an indoor heat exchanger 31, and the devices are connected via a refrigerant pipe, as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the air conditioning device 1 is a separate-type air conditioning device, and can also be described as comprising an indoor unit 30 primarily having the indoor heat exchanger 31 and an indoor fan 32; an outdoor unit 10 primarily having the compressor 11, the four-way switch valve 12, the outdoor heat exchanger 13, the first electric expansion valve 15, the liquid receiver 16, the second electric expansion valve 17, the high-pressure sensor 21, the temperature sensor 22, and the control device 23; a first connecting pipe 41 for connecting the pipe for refrigerant fluid and the like of the indoor unit 30 and the pipe for refrigerant fluid and the like of the outdoor unit 10; and a second connecting pipe 42 for connecting the pipe for refrigerant gas and the like of the indoor unit 30 and the pipe for refrigerant gas and the like of the outdoor unit 10.
- the first connecting pipe 41 and the pipe for refrigerant fluid and the like of the outdoor unit 10 are connected via a first close valve 18 of the outdoor unit 10, and the second connecting pipe 42 and the pipe for refrigerant gas and the like of the outdoor unit 10 are connected via a second close valve 19 of the outdoor unit 10.
- the indoor unit 30 primarily has the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, and other components.
- the indoor heat exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the indoor air, which is the air inside the room to be air-conditioned.
- the indoor fan 32 is a fan for taking the air inside the air-conditioned room into the unit 30 and blowing conditioned air, which is the air after heat exchange with the refrigerant via the indoor heat exchanger 31, back into the air-conditioned room.
- the indoor unit 30 to cause heat to be exchanged between the indoor air taken in by the indoor fan 32 and the liquid refrigerant that flows through the indoor heat exchanger 31, and generate conditioned air (cool air) during cooling operation, as well as to cause heat to be exchanged between the indoor air taken in by the indoor fan 32 and supercritical refrigerant that flows through the indoor heat exchanger 31, and generate conditioned air (warm air) during heating operation.
- the outdoor unit 10 primarily has the compressor 11, the four-way switch valve 12, the outdoor heat exchanger 13, the first electric expansion valve 15, the liquid receiver 16, the second electric expansion valve 17, an outdoor fan 26, the control device 23, the high-pressure sensor 21, the intermediate-pressure sensor 24, the temperature sensor 22, and other components.
- the compressor 11 is a device for sucking in low-pressure refrigerant gas flowing through an intake pipe and compressing the refrigerant gas to a supercritical state, and then discharging the refrigerant to a discharge pipe.
- the four-way switch valve 12 is a valve for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant in accordance with each operation mode, and is capable of connecting the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the high-temperature side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and connecting the intake side of the compressor 11 and the gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 during cooling operation; as well as connecting the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the second close valve 19, and connecting the intake side of the compressor 11 and the gas side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 during heating operation.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is capable of cooling the high-pressure supercritical refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 using the air outside the air-conditioned room as a heat source during cooling operation, and evaporating the liquid refrigerant returning from the indoor heat exchanger 31 during heating operation.
- the first electric expansion valve 15 reduces the pressure of the supercritical refrigerant (during cooling operation) that flows out from the low-temperature side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13, or the liquid refrigerant (during heating operation) that flows in through the liquid receiver 16.
- the liquid receiver 16 stores refrigerant that occurs as excess depending on the operating mode or the air conditioning load.
- the second electric expansion valve 17 reduces the pressure of the liquid refrigerant (during cooling operation) that flows in through the liquid receiver 16, or the supercritical refrigerant (during heating operation) that flows out from the low-temperature side of the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the outdoor fan 26 is a fan for taking the outdoor air into the unit 10 and discharging the air after heat exchange with the refrigerant via the outdoor heat exchanger 13.
- the high-pressure sensor 21 is provided to the discharge side of the compressor 11.
- the temperature sensor 22 is provided on the outdoor heat exchanger side of the first electric expansion valve 15.
- the intermediate-pressure sensor 24 is provided between the first electric expansion valve 15 and the liquid receiver 16.
- the control device 23 has a communication connection with the high-pressure sensor 21, the intermediate-pressure sensor 24, the temperature sensor 22, the first electric expansion valve 15, the second electric expansion valve 17, and other components, and controls the degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 on the basis of temperature information transmitted from the temperature sensor 22, high-pressure information transmitted from the high-pressure sensor 21, and intermediate-pressure information transmitted from the intermediate-pressure sensor 24. Control of the degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 will be described in detail using Mollier diagram.
- the control device 23 determines that the refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as high-pressure-side refrigerant) that flows from the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 11 to the refrigerant inflow side of the first electric expansion valve 15 is in a supercritical state, and performs first liquid receiver level control and superheating degree control. Since the high-pressure sensor 21 is disposed on the discharge side of the compressor 11, and the temperature sensor 22 is disposed on the outdoor heat exchanger side of the first electric expansion valve 15 in the air conditioning device 1 of the present embodiment, the saturation pressure of the refrigerant that flows out from the first electric expansion valve 15 can be calculated using a Mollier diagram (see FIG.
- the control device 23 appropriately adjusts the degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 so that the refrigerant that has flowed out from the first electric expansion valve 15 is in the state of point D 0 in FIG. 2 ; i.e., so that the value indicated by the intermediate-pressure sensor 24 corresponds to the saturation pressure calculated as described above.
- the control device 23 appropriately adjusts the degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 so that the refrigerant that has flowed out from the first electric expansion valve 15 is in the state of point D 0 in FIG. 2 ; i.e., so that the value indicated by the intermediate-pressure sensor 24 corresponds to the saturation pressure calculated as described above.
- a 0 ⁇ B 0 indicates the compression stroke
- B 0 ⁇ C 0 indicates the cooling stroke
- C 0 ⁇ D 0 indicates the first expansion stroke (pressure reduction by the first electric expansion valve 15)
- D 0 ⁇ E 0 indicates the second expansion stroke (pressure reduction by the second electric expansion valve 17)
- E 0 ⁇ A 0 indicates the evaporation stroke.
- K indicates a critical point
- Tm indicates an isothermal line.
- the control device 23 controls the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 so that the pressure indicated by the intermediate-pressure sensor 24 is equal to or lower than the pressure of ⁇ critical pressure (MPa) - 0.3 (MPa) ⁇ .
- the pressure of ⁇ critical pressure (MPa) - 0.3 (MPa) ⁇ is determined in the following manner. The results of tests performed by the inventors show that the pressure (hereinafter referred to as the intermediate pressure) between the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 can be controlled to within a range of about ⁇ 0.1 MPa from the target value in the case of the refrigerant.
- the target value of the intermediate pressure is preferably the critical pressure (MPa) - 0.3 (MPa), with a safety factor of 3.
- the control device 23 When the high-pressure-side refrigerant attains a subcritical state, the control device 23 performs second liquid receiver level control at the same time as superheating degree control.
- the refrigeration cycle is a refrigeration cycle such as the one indicated by the solid line in FIG. 3 .
- the refrigeration cycle indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 3 is the refrigeration cycle shown in FIG. 2 , i.e., the refrigeration cycle that occurs when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a supercritical state.
- the pressure significantly decreases when the high-pressure-side refrigerant attains a subcritical state.
- the refrigeration cycle becomes A 0 ⁇ B 1 ⁇ C 1 ⁇ D 1 ⁇ E 0 ⁇ A 0 , the refrigerant that flows out from the first electric expansion valve 15 attains a gas-liquid two-phase state, and it becomes essentially impossible to stabilize the level of refrigerant stored in the liquid receiver 16. Therefore, when the high-pressure information transmitted from the high-pressure sensor 21 indicates a pressure that is less than the critical pressure, i.e., when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state, the control device 23 performs the second liquid receiver level control in which the first electric expansion valve 15 is fully opened.
- the refrigeration cycle is then the refrigeration cycle indicated by the solid line in FIG. 4 .
- the refrigeration cycle indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 4 is the refrigeration cycle shown in FIG. 2 , i.e., the refrigeration cycle that occurs when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a supercritical state. Specifically, since the refrigeration cycle is A 0 ⁇ B 1 ⁇ C 1 ⁇ D 2 ⁇ E 0 ⁇ A 0 , the refrigerant that flows out from the first electric expansion valve 15 is in a near-saturated state. In this air conditioning device 1, the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver is stably controlled in this manner during cooling operation.
- This air conditioning device 1 is capable of cooling operation and heating operation, as described above.
- the four-way switch valve 12 is in the state indicated by the solid line in FIG. 1 , i.e., a state in which the discharge side of the compressor 11 is connected to the high-temperature side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and the intake side of the compressor 11 is connected to the second close valve 19.
- the first close valve 18 and the second close valve 19 are also open at this time.
- the compressor 11 When the compressor 11 is activated in this state of the refrigerant circuit 2, the refrigerant gas is sucked into the compressor 11 and compressed to a supercritical state, and then sent through the four-way switch valve 12 to the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and cooled in the outdoor heat exchanger 13.
- This cooled supercritical refrigerant is sent to the first electric expansion valve 15.
- the supercritical refrigerant sent to the first electric expansion valve 15 is depressurized to a saturated state, and then sent to the second electric expansion valve 17 via the liquid receiver 16.
- the refrigerant in a saturated state sent to the second electric expansion valve 17 is depressurized to liquid refrigerant, and then fed to the indoor heat exchanger 31 via the first close valve 18, where the refrigerant cools the indoor air and evaporates into refrigerant gas.
- the refrigerant gas is again sucked into the compressor 11 via the second close valve 19, the internal heat exchanger 14, and the four-way switch valve 12. Cooling operation is performed in this manner.
- the control device 23 performs the control described above in this cooling operation.
- the four-way switch valve 12 is in the state indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 1 , i.e., a state in which the discharge side of the compressor 11 is connected to the second close valve 19, and the intake side of the compressor 11 is connected to the gas side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13.
- the first close valve 18 and the second close valve 19 are also open at this time.
- the compressor 11 When the compressor 11 is activated in this state of the refrigerant circuit 2, the refrigerant gas is sucked into the compressor 11 and compressed to a supercritical state, and then is fed to the indoor heat exchanger 31 via the four-way switch valve 12 and the second close valve 19.
- the supercritical refrigerant heats the indoor air, and is cooled in the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the cooled supercritical refrigerant is sent through the first close valve to the second electric expansion valve 17.
- the supercritical refrigerant sent to the second electric expansion valve 17 is depressurized to a saturated state, and then sent to the first electric expansion valve 15 via the liquid receiver 16.
- the refrigerant in a saturated state sent to the first electric expansion valve 15 is depressurized to liquid refrigerant, and then sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 13 via the internal heat exchanger 14 and evaporated to refrigerant gas in the outdoor heat exchanger 13. This refrigerant gas is again sucked into the compressor 11 via the four-way switch valve 12. Heating operation is performed in this manner.
- the control device 23 is capable of fully opening the first electric expansion valve 15 and placing the refrigerant that flows out from the first electric expansion valve 15 in a near-saturated state when the high-pressure information transmitted from the high-pressure sensor 21 indicates a pressure that is less than the critical pressure, i.e., when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state.
- the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver can therefore be stably controlled even when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state.
- the invention of the present application is applied to a separate-type air conditioning device 1 in which one indoor unit 30 is provided for one outdoor unit 10, but the invention of the present application may also be applied to a multi-type air conditioning device 101 in which a plurality of indoor units is provided for one outdoor unit, such as shown in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 5 the same reference numerals are used to refer to components that are the same as those of the air conditioning device 1 according to the embodiment described above.
- FIG. 5 the same reference numerals are used to refer to components that are the same as those of the air conditioning device 1 according to the embodiment described above.
- the reference numeral 102 refers to a refrigerant circuit
- 110 refers to an outdoor unit
- 130a and 130b refer to indoor units
- 31a and 31b refer to indoor heat exchangers
- 32a and 32b refer to indoor fans
- 33a and 33b refer to second electric expansion valves
- 34a and 34b refer to indoor control devices
- 141 and 142 refer to connecting ducts.
- the control device 23 controls the second electric expansion valves 33a, 33b via the indoor control devices 34a, 34b.
- the second electric expansion valves 33a, 33b are housed in the indoor units 130a, 130b in the present modification, but the second electric expansion valves 33a, 33b may also be housed in the outdoor unit 110.
- a supercooling heat exchanger (which may be an internal heat exchanger) may be provided between the liquid receiver 16 and the second electric expansion valve 17.
- the degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 is controlled by the control device 23 so that a refrigeration cycle such as the one shown in FIG. 6 is executed.
- a 0 ⁇ B 0 indicates the compression stroke
- B 0 ⁇ C 0 indicates the cooling stroke
- C 0 ⁇ D 0 indicates the first expansion stroke (pressure reduction by the first electric expansion valve 15)
- D 0 ⁇ F 0 indicates the supercooling stroke (cooling by the supercooling heat exchanger)
- F 0 ⁇ E 3 indicates the second expansion stroke (pressure reduction by the second electric expansion valve 17)
- E 3 ⁇ A 0 indicates the evaporation stroke.
- K indicates a critical point
- Tm indicates an isothermal line.
- the control device 23 controls the degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 so that the refrigerant that flows out from the first electric expansion valve 15 attains a saturated state.
- the refrigeration cycle is a refrigeration cycle such as indicated by the solid line in FIG. 7 , and when the control device 23 in this state requires the same degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 as during the liquid receiver level control, the refrigeration cycle becomes A 0 ⁇ B 1 ⁇ C 1 ⁇ D 1 ⁇ F 1 ⁇ E 3 ⁇ A 0 , the refrigerant that flows out from the first electric expansion valve 15 attains a gas-liquid two-phase state, and it becomes essentially impossible to stabilize the level of refrigerant stored in the liquid receiver 16.
- the control device 23 causes the first electric expansion valve 15 to be fully open.
- the refrigeration cycle is then the refrigeration cycle indicated by the solid line in FIG. 8 .
- the refrigerant that flows out from the first electric expansion valve 15 is in a near-saturated state.
- the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver is stably controlled in this manner during cooling operation.
- the first electric expansion valve 15, the liquid receiver 16, the second electric expansion valve 17, and other components are disposed in the outdoor unit 10, but the positioning of these components is not particularly limited.
- the second electric expansion valve 17 may be disposed in the indoor unit 30.
- An electric expansion valve is used as the means for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant in the air conditioning device 1 according to the embodiment described above, but an expansion device or the like may instead be used.
- the liquid receiver 16 and the intake pipe of the compressor 11 may be connected to form a gas release circuit.
- an electric expansion valve, an electromagnetic valve, or the like is preferably provided to the gas release circuit.
- the intermediate-pressure sensor 24 is provided in the air conditioning device 1 according to the embodiment described above, but the intermediate-pressure sensor 24 may also be omitted.
- the total degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 may be expressed as a function in advance using the degree of superheating in the intake pipe of the compressor 11 as the variable, for example, or a control table may be created that shows the relationship of the total degree of opening and the degree of superheating, and the ratio of the degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 may thereby be expressed as a function in advance using the high pressure and the entry temperature of the first electric expansion valve as variables.
- the degree of opening of the first electric expansion valve 15 and the second electric expansion valve 17 can thereby be uniquely determined.
- the transition of the high-pressure-side refrigerant from a supercritical state to a subcritical state is detected by the high-pressure sensor 21.
- the transition of the high-pressure-side refrigerant from a supercritical state to a subcritical state may be detected by another method.
- two temperature sensors may be provided to the region in which the high-pressure-side refrigerant attains a gas-liquid two-phase state when the high-pressure-side refrigerant undergoes a transition to a subcritical state, i.e., a specific region of the heat transfer tube of the radiator, and it can be determined that the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition to a subcritical state when the temperature information obtained from the two temperature sensors is substantially the same (e.g., the temperature information is determined to be substantially the same when the difference between the sets of temperature information is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold value).
- a subcritical state i.e., a specific region of the heat transfer tube of the radiator
- a temperature sensor may also be provided in a region in which the high-pressure-side refrigerant does not reach a temperature equal to or lower than the critical temperature when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a supercritical state, and in which the high-pressure-side refrigerant reaches the saturation temperature when the high-pressure-side refrigerant is in a subcritical state, i.e., a specific region of the heat transfer tube of the radiator, for example, and a determination can be made that the high-pressure-side refrigerant has undergone a transition to the subcritical state when the temperature information obtained from the temperature sensor indicates a temperature that is equal to or lower than the critical temperature.
- a single temperature sensor is adequate in this case.
- the refrigeration device of the present invention has the characteristic of enabling the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver to be stably controlled, and the present invention is particularly useful in a refrigeration device in which carbon dioxide or the like is used as the refrigerant.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Claims (6)
- Kältegerät (1, 101), umfassend:einen Kompressionsmechanismus (11), der derart konfiguriert ist, um ein Kältemittel zu komprimieren;einen Kühler (13), der an einer Kältemittel-Ablassseite des Kompressionsmechanismus angeschlossen ist;einen ersten Expansionsmechanismus (15), der an einer Ausgangsseite des Kühlers angeschlossen ist;einen Flüssigkeitstank (16), der an einer Kältemittel-Ausflussseite des ersten Expansionsmechanismus angeschlossen ist;einen zweiten Expansionsmechanismus (17, 33a, 33b), die an einer Ausgangsseite des Flüssigkeitstanks angeschlossen ist;einen Verdampfer (31, 31a, 31b), der an einer Kältemittel-Ausflussseite des zweiten Expansionsmechanismus und an einer Kältemittel-Einlassseite des Kompressionsmechanismus angeschlossen ist; undeine Steuereinheit (23) zum Reduzieren des Ausmaßes eines Druckabfalls durch den ersten Expansionsmechanismus, wenn sich das Kältemittel, das von der Kältemittel-Ablassseite des Kompressionsmechanismus zu einer Kältemittel-Einflussseite des ersten Expansionsmechanismus strömt, einem Übergang von einem überkritischen Zustand in einen subkritischen Zustand unterzogen hat,dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kältegerät weiter Folgendes umfassteinen Druckdetektor (21), der zwischen der Kältemittel-Ablassseite des Kompressionsmechanismus und der Kältemittel-Einflussseite des ersten Expansionsmechanismus bereitgestellt ist, wobei die Steuereinheit (23) derart konfiguriert ist, um das Ausmaß eines Druckabfalls durch den ersten Expansionsmechanismus zu reduzieren, wenn der von dem Druckdetektor detektierte Druck kleiner oder gleich einem vorbestimmten Druck ist; oderdadurch, dass das Kältegerät weiter Folgendes umfassteinen ersten Temperaturdetektor, der in einer ersten spezifischen Region des Kühlers bereitgestellt ist; undeinen zweiten Temperaturdetektor, der in der ersten spezifischen Region des Kühlers bereitgestellt ist, wobei die Steuereinheit (23) derart konfiguriert ist, um das Ausmaß eines Druckabfalls durch den ersten Expansionsmechanismus zu reduzieren, wenn der Unterschied zwischen der von dem ersten Temperaturdetektor detektierten Temperatur und der von dem zweiten Temperaturdetektor detektierten Temperatur kleiner oder gleich einem vorbestimmten Grenzwert ist.
- Kältegerät nach Anspruch 1, wobei
der erste Expansionsmechanismus ein erstes Expansionsventil ist; und
die Steuereinheit das erste Expansionsventil vollständig öffnet, wenn sich das Kältemittel, das von der Kältemittel-Ablassseite des Kompressionsmechanismus zu der Kältemittel-Einflussseite des ersten Expansionsmechanismus strömt, einem Übergang von einem überkritischen Zustand in einen subkritischen Zustand unterzogen hat. - Kältegerät nach Anspruch 1, wobei
der erste Expansionsmechanismus ein erstes Expansionsventil ist; und
die Steuereinheit das erste Expansionsventil vollständig öffnet, wenn der von dem Druckdetektor detektierte Druck kleiner oder gleich einem vorbestimmten Druck ist. - Kältegerät nach Anspruch 1, wobei
der erste Expansionsmechanismus ein erstes Expansionsventil ist; und
die Steuereinheit das erste Expansionsventil vollständig öffnet, wenn der Unterschied zwischen der von dem ersten Temperaturdetektor detektierten Temperatur und der von dem zweiten Temperaturdetektor detektierten Temperatur kleiner oder gleich einem vorbestimmten Grenzwert ist. - Kältegerät nach Anspruch 1, weiter umfassend:einen dritten Temperaturdetektor, der in einer zweiten spezifischen Region des Kühlers bereitgestellt ist; wobeidie Steuereinheit das Ausmaß eines Druckabfalls durch den ersten Expansionsmechanismus minimiert, wenn die von dem dritten Temperaturdetektor detektierte Temperatur kleiner oder gleich der kritischen Temperatur des Kältemittels ist.
- Kältegerät nach Anspruch 5, wobei
der erste Expansionsmechanismus ein erstes Expansionsventil ist; und
die Steuereinheit das erste Expansionsventil vollständig öffnet, wenn die von dem dritten Temperaturdetektor detektierte Temperatur kleiner oder gleich der kritischen Temperatur des Kältemittels ist.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006246153A JP5332093B2 (ja) | 2006-09-11 | 2006-09-11 | 冷凍装置 |
PCT/JP2007/066715 WO2008032568A1 (fr) | 2006-09-11 | 2007-08-29 | Dispositif de réfrigération |
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EP2068093A1 EP2068093A1 (de) | 2009-06-10 |
EP2068093A4 EP2068093A4 (de) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2068093B1 true EP2068093B1 (de) | 2018-08-08 |
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EP07806192.6A Active EP2068093B1 (de) | 2006-09-11 | 2007-08-29 | Kühlvorrichtung |
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US (1) | US20100050674A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2068093B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5332093B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101512246B (de) |
ES (1) | ES2685813T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008032568A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2535666B1 (de) | 2010-02-10 | 2020-07-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Kältekreislaufvorrichtung |
DE102010042122B4 (de) * | 2010-10-07 | 2019-02-28 | Audi Ag | Kühlvorrichtung eines Fahrzeuges |
JP2012243684A (ja) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-12-10 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | 電池パックの空調制御装置 |
ES2806940T3 (es) * | 2011-07-05 | 2021-02-19 | Danfoss As | Un procedimiento de control del funcionamiento de un sistema de compresión de vapor en modo subcrítico y supercrítico |
EP2562491B1 (de) * | 2011-08-24 | 2019-05-01 | Mahle International GmbH | Kühlsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kühlsystems |
JP5851771B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-31 | 2016-02-03 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 超臨界サイクルおよびそれを用いたヒートポンプ給湯機 |
CN104344508B (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2017-06-30 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | 调节冷媒充填量和冷媒循环量的空调系统及方法 |
WO2015140870A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
CN105371545B (zh) * | 2014-07-31 | 2017-10-13 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | 空调器及其制冷系统的制冷剂循环量调节方法 |
WO2016046876A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-03-31 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
DE102015104464B4 (de) * | 2015-03-25 | 2018-08-02 | Halla Visteon Climate Control Corporation | Verfahren zur Regelung für einen R744-Kältemittelkreislauf |
US20190360726A1 (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-28 | General Electric Company | Supercritical cooling system |
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JP3341500B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-25 | 2002-11-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 冷凍装置およびその運転方法 |
JP3813702B2 (ja) | 1996-08-22 | 2006-08-23 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | 蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクル |
DE69732206T2 (de) * | 1996-08-22 | 2005-12-22 | Denso Corp., Kariya | Kälteanlage des Dampfkompressionstyps |
JPH10300248A (ja) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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JP2000046420A (ja) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-18 | Zexel Corp | 冷凍サイクル |
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JP2001004235A (ja) * | 1999-06-22 | 2001-01-12 | Sanden Corp | 蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクル |
JP2001133058A (ja) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2001289537A (ja) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 圧力制御弁 |
JP2002168536A (ja) * | 2000-11-29 | 2002-06-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 空気調和装置 |
WO2003019085A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-06 | Mærsk Container Industri A/S | A vapour-compression-cycle device |
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2006
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2007
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- 2007-08-29 WO PCT/JP2007/066715 patent/WO2008032568A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-08-29 EP EP07806192.6A patent/EP2068093B1/de active Active
- 2007-08-29 US US12/439,752 patent/US20100050674A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-29 ES ES07806192.6T patent/ES2685813T3/es active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2685813T3 (es) | 2018-10-11 |
CN101512246A (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
CN101512246B (zh) | 2010-08-18 |
WO2008032568A1 (fr) | 2008-03-20 |
JP5332093B2 (ja) | 2013-11-06 |
EP2068093A4 (de) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2068093A1 (de) | 2009-06-10 |
US20100050674A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
JP2008064437A (ja) | 2008-03-21 |
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