EP2062649A2 - Séparateur électrostatique doté d'un moyen d'extraction de particules, système de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Séparateur électrostatique doté d'un moyen d'extraction de particules, système de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2062649A2
EP2062649A2 EP08019567A EP08019567A EP2062649A2 EP 2062649 A2 EP2062649 A2 EP 2062649A2 EP 08019567 A EP08019567 A EP 08019567A EP 08019567 A EP08019567 A EP 08019567A EP 2062649 A2 EP2062649 A2 EP 2062649A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
particles
exhaust gas
channel
flow direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08019567A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2062649A3 (fr
EP2062649B1 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Dr. Steiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2062649A3 publication Critical patent/EP2062649A3/fr
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Publication of EP2062649B1 publication Critical patent/EP2062649B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/88—Cleaning-out collected particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by burning an energy source with an electrostatic precipitator according to the preamble of claim 7. In addition concerns the invention a method for reducing deposits of particles of an exhaust gas flow to an electric field generating electrode of an electrostatic precipitator of a heating system according to the preamble of patent claim 8.
  • the GB 2 045 647 A describes an electrode of an ionization device for an electrostatic air filter.
  • the electrode comprises a current-conducting wire which is clamped in a frame in a plurality of mutually parallel, electrically connected series sections.
  • the electrode also includes glands, sleeves and springs.
  • the wire is hung in the anchor bolt, passed freely through the space formed by the frame, threaded through the fitting, the hose-like protective sleeve and the screw, again guided through the free space, etc. Finally, the wire ends in the compression fitting with which the wire can be stretched.
  • the JP 2007 263 754 A describes a cleaning device for an electrode of an emission spectrometer.
  • the cleaning device comprises a brush with a metal wire brush attachment.
  • the brush is functionally and constructively separated from the electrode and is used outside of the meter operating times. In a pause between two measuring operations, the cleaning device brushes over the electrode and removes scraping residues of condensed metal vapor.
  • An emission control system which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission.
  • the device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode for example in the form of a tensioned rod, is held over an insulating holder.
  • a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
  • Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
  • This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system.
  • a capacitor is formed by the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and a peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
  • the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm).
  • a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode through the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface.
  • a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
  • a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
  • the particles are electrostatically charged by the corona discharge which forms along the surface of the electrode. This happens At the molecular level, by the following process: If, for example, the electrode is at a negative high voltage relative to the exhaust pipe, a large number of gas molecules will be negatively charged. They move in the electric field applied by the electrode and the exhaust pipe in the direction of the exhaust pipe. If these meet on their way through the exhaust pipe to electrically neutral particles, they stick to these and charge the previously neutral particles also negative. The charged particles flow driven by electrostatic deflection forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe. Here the particles stick, lose their charge and are safely removed from the exhaust stream.
  • Burning produces bipolar charged particles.
  • the distribution is symmetrical, ie there are the same number of positive and negatively charged particles.
  • the number of charged particles is reduced by approx. 10% per second due to coagulation, there are still more than 10% charged particles at the electrostatic precipitator (corresponding to about one to two seconds of particle flying time from the place of combustion).
  • the electrostatic precipitator corresponding to about one to two seconds of particle flying time from the place of combustion.
  • a disadvantage of the electrostatic precipitators according to the prior art is that it comes after a longer period of operation to a continuous degradation of the corona current at a constant high voltage. As a result, the charging efficiency of the electrode decreases, which in turn reduces the separation efficiency of the entire system.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which overcomes this disadvantage and in particular prevents or reduces the deposition of particles on the electrode to increase the service life of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees reliable exhaust gas purification.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method according to which the permanent deposition of particles on the electrode is prevented or at least reduced.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is characterized in that in the electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, with a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, and in the channel interior substantially in Provided flow direction extending electrode, for forming an electric field between the electrode and the channel wall, is provided that further comprises a Pumbleabweisesch is included, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas to deposit on the electrode.
  • the particle repelling agent effectively prevents or reduces the deposition of particles on the electrode.
  • the particle-repelling means comprises at least one pre-electrode unit, which is arranged in front of the electrode in the flow direction of the exhaust gas in order to form an electric field in the flow direction in front of the electrode.
  • the pre-electrode unit is designed such that it uses a voltage level which is the same as the electrode. On the Vorelektrodeniser but also a different voltage level to the electrode may be applied, which is higher or lower than that of the electrode. This realizes an effective filter function.
  • the pre-electrode unit has a pre-electrode which has the same polarity as the electrode. In this way, it is ensured that particles which would reach the electrode without a pre-electrode unit reach the pre-electrode at the upstream pre-electrode unit.
  • the pre-electrode thus acts as a kind of "sacrificial electrode".
  • An embodiment provides that the pre-electrode is formed as conductively connected to the electrode. This ensures that the electrode and the pre-electrode have the same polarity.
  • the pre-electrode is formed differently from the electrode.
  • the pre-electrode is formed differently from the electrode, in particular with regard to the parameters required for generating an electric field. The differences may be in geometry, material, manufacturing method, surface structure, and the like.
  • the pre-electrode is formed in one preferred embodiment in one piece with the electrode.
  • the pre-electrode is formed with respect to the electrode as a thickening.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that at least one of the electrodes is at least partially formed as a tuft-like arrangement of wires, which are fixed at one end and freely arranged at its other end and align themselves when voltage is applied along the field lines formed thereby. By moving the wires, adhering particles can easily be shaken off. For this purpose, a voltage can be applied several times in succession at short intervals, so that the wires move accordingly and shake off particles.
  • the heating system is characterized in that for generating energy by burning an energy source such as biomass with a particulate matter emitting heating system, such as a biomass heating system, for burning the energy carrier, wherein particle-containing exhaust gases are formed, and comprising an electrostatic precipitator in an exhaust pipe a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside through which the particulate containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, an electrode extending substantially in the channel interior in the flow direction, and an electrode lead for feeding the electrode, the electrode lead being at least partially encased with an insulator ,
  • the electrostatic precipitator is formed according to the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention, with a Pumbleabweisesch, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas abla at the electrode gladly.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that in the method for reducing deposits of particles of an exhaust gas stream on an electric field generating electrode of an electrostatic precipitator of a heating system, comprising the steps of: generating an electric field between a channel wall and the electrode around It is provided that the step of moving the electrode flowing particles along the field lines from the exhaust gas stream, further comprising the step of: generating an electric ramp to upstream particles in the electric field to the electrode upstream of field lines of the electric apron a pre-electrode for generating the electric apron to move.
  • the method further comprises the step of: moving at least one of the electrodes to shake off particles adhered to the corresponding electrode.
  • the movement may be rotational, translatory (e.g., vibrating), or a combination thereof.
  • the movement takes place jerkily.
  • the polarity of the (middle) pre-electrode of the apron is preferably chosen to be identical to that of the downstream central or corona electrode.
  • a charging unit there is an optimal distance between corona and pre-electrode or their optimal geometry (length, width, cross section, etc.).
  • a metallic body which may be formed, for example, as a thickening of the electrode, electrically conductively connected to the electrode. The body is therefore at the same voltage level as the electrode.
  • the body or pre-electrode which thus functions as a sacrificial electrode, preferably provides a much larger deposition surface than the center electrode of the charging unit. As a result, the maximum operating time of the electrostatic precipitator can be extended to functional restrictions and thus a next maintenance section.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention has a minimal flow resistance in an exhaust gas system, which increases only slightly and slowly even as the loading of adhering particles increases. Electrostatic precipitators have a relatively large absorption capacity for separated particulate matter of the particle flow. At slow flow velocities of the exhaust gas stream and sufficiently long separation distances for the fine dust, electrostatic precipitators for submicron particles have a separation efficiency> 90%. For the reasons explained above, therefore, electrostatic precipitators are often used for the exhaust gas purification of heating systems such as a pellet heating system, other biomass heating systems or oil burners. Maintaining the necessary for the charging of the particles corona current even after several hours of operation is a technical difficulty in the design of the electrostatic precipitator. Keeping the invention lying at high voltage potential center electrode keeps the maximum operating time of the electrostatic precipitator until the next maintenance crucial.
  • the pre-electrode is formed as an extension of the charging electrode to a thicker end against the flow direction of the exhaust gas. This tail serves as a "sacrificial electrode" with a much larger loading capacity for charged particulate matter than the (middle) electrode.
  • the automated cleaning concept for the corona electrode has the following effects: Numerous tests have shown that the fine dust from wood combustion, for example, adheres very loosely to the corona electrode. The movement of the electrode, or parts thereof, forced by the alignment of the wires in the electrostatic field is sufficient to shake off the particulate matter. This movement is easy to automate.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal cross-section through an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 is arranged in an exhaust pipe 2 (only partially shown) of an exhaust gas purification system not shown here and comprises a flow channel 3.
  • the flow channel 3 is formed as a tubular portion of the exhaust pipe 2 and comprises a channel wall 4 and a channel interior 5.
  • a particle-containing exhaust gas represented here by an arrow P flows in the flow direction likewise represented by the arrow P.
  • an electrode 6, which is also referred to as a center electrode or corona electrode extends in the interior of the flow channel 3.
  • the flow channel 3 is preferably formed in cross-section in the flow direction P rotationally symmetrical about a central axis A.
  • the electrode 6 extends along this central axis A.
  • the electrode 6 is fed via an electrode feed 7, which is covered with an insulator 8.
  • the electrode 6 forms a charging unit, in which particles can be charged electrically.
  • the electrode 6 forms with the channel wall 4 under application of a high voltage an electric field whose field lines are substantially radial to the electrode 6 and the channel wall 4, substantially transversely, more precisely at right angles to the flow direction P. upstream in the flow direction P.
  • the electrode 6 is a Vorelektrodeniser 9 with a pre-electrode 10 is arranged.
  • This pre-electrode unit 9 has the same polarity as the electrode 6, but at a different voltage level.
  • the pre-electrode 10 is electrically conductively connected to the electrode 6, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the pre-electrode 10 is formed in the shape different from the electrode 6, more precisely as a thickening of the electrode 6.
  • the pre-electrode 10 forms with the corresponding portion of the channel wall 4 when applying a voltage a corresponding apron. In this apron, particles which would arrive without the apron to the electrode 6, to the pre-electrode 10th directed.
  • the pre-electrode 10 has a larger capacity than the electrode 6 by their larger surface area. In this way, a longer service life of the electrostatic precipitator 1 is ensured.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 shows an embodiment of an electrode 6 or 10, with which adhering particles can be removed from the electrode 6 and 10, respectively.
  • Fig. 2A-B show schematically in a side view an embodiment of a tuft-like electrode 6 and 10, once without electric field ( Fig. 2A ), once in an existing electric field ( Fig. 2B ).
  • the tuft-like electrode 6, 10 has a plurality of electrically conductive wires 11.
  • the wires 11 are clamped at one of their ends fixed in a holder 12. The other, opposite end of the wires 11 is free.
  • Fig. 2A There is no electric field.
  • the wires 11 align according to the gravitational field.
  • Fig. 2B an electric field is applied. Accordingly, the electrically conductive wires 11 align according to the field lines of this generated field.
  • the wires 11 of the electrode 6, 10 can be moved. Due to this movement, particles adhering to the wires 11 can be shaken off.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B show schematically in a plan view of the embodiment according to Fig. 2A or 2B.
  • Fig. 3A is a state without generated electric field to see the alignment of the wires 11 can not recognize this in this illustration.
  • Fig. 3B on the other hand, an electric field is applied and the wires 11 are aligned in accordance with the field lines of the field extending radially from the electrode 6, 10.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
EP08019567.0A 2007-11-24 2008-11-08 Séparateur électrostatique doté d'un moyen d'extraction de particules, système de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement Active EP2062649B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710056696 DE102007056696B3 (de) 2007-11-24 2007-11-24 Elektrostatischer Abscheider mit Partikelabweisemittel, Heizungssystem und Verfahren zum Betrieb

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2062649A2 true EP2062649A2 (fr) 2009-05-27
EP2062649A3 EP2062649A3 (fr) 2013-07-17
EP2062649B1 EP2062649B1 (fr) 2016-01-27

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EP08019567.0A Active EP2062649B1 (fr) 2007-11-24 2008-11-08 Séparateur électrostatique doté d'un moyen d'extraction de particules, système de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement

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EP (1) EP2062649B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007056696B3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112090247A (zh) * 2020-10-31 2020-12-18 张家港市金秋环保科技有限公司 一种电场线张紧调节装置及张紧调节方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009021072A1 (de) * 2009-05-13 2010-11-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrostatischer Abscheider und Heizsystem
CN108397776B (zh) * 2018-03-27 2020-11-03 安徽工业大学 一种焚烧烟气分流处理减排二噁英的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2045647A (en) 1979-03-28 1980-11-05 Burgess Mfg Air Cleaners Ltd Ionizing devices
JPH04301117A (ja) 1991-03-28 1992-10-23 Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd 微粒子分離装置
EP1193445A2 (fr) 2000-10-02 2002-04-03 Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa Dispositif pour épurer les gaz de combustion de petites installations de chauffe
JP2007263754A (ja) 2006-03-28 2007-10-11 Shimadzu Corp 発光分析装置

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7332019B2 (en) * 2005-08-17 2008-02-19 American Standard International Inc. Air filtration system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2045647A (en) 1979-03-28 1980-11-05 Burgess Mfg Air Cleaners Ltd Ionizing devices
JPH04301117A (ja) 1991-03-28 1992-10-23 Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd 微粒子分離装置
EP1193445A2 (fr) 2000-10-02 2002-04-03 Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa Dispositif pour épurer les gaz de combustion de petites installations de chauffe
JP2007263754A (ja) 2006-03-28 2007-10-11 Shimadzu Corp 発光分析装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112090247A (zh) * 2020-10-31 2020-12-18 张家港市金秋环保科技有限公司 一种电场线张紧调节装置及张紧调节方法
CN112090247B (zh) * 2020-10-31 2023-01-17 张家港市金秋环保科技有限公司 一种电场线张紧调节装置及张紧调节方法

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Publication number Publication date
DE102007056696B3 (de) 2009-05-07
EP2062649A3 (fr) 2013-07-17
EP2062649B1 (fr) 2016-01-27

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