EP2284442A2 - Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage - Google Patents

Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2284442A2
EP2284442A2 EP10172456A EP10172456A EP2284442A2 EP 2284442 A2 EP2284442 A2 EP 2284442A2 EP 10172456 A EP10172456 A EP 10172456A EP 10172456 A EP10172456 A EP 10172456A EP 2284442 A2 EP2284442 A2 EP 2284442A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
spray
channel
heating system
spray electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10172456A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2284442A3 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Steiner
Datong Wu
Thomas Weil
Tania Gonzalez-Baquet
Tobias Mildenstein
Paul Mielcarek
Uwe Limbeck
Hans Christian Krahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2284442A2 publication Critical patent/EP2284442A2/fr
Publication of EP2284442A3 publication Critical patent/EP2284442A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by means of combustion of an energy carrier with an electrostatic precipitator according to claim 7.
  • heating systems use appropriate emission control systems. These are in particular to filter out the harmful substances and particles from exhaust gases, so that the remaining, purified exhaust gas can safely be released to the environment.
  • emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
  • biomass heating systems where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
  • relatively high emission of particulate matter as a pollutant component is a problem in biomass heating systems.
  • An emission control system which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission.
  • the device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode for example in the form of a tensioned wire or rod, is held over an insulating holder.
  • a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the spray and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
  • Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
  • This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system. It is through the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore as the center electrode is designated, and a surrounding lateral surface of the exhaust pipe, a capacitor is formed, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
  • the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm).
  • an electrical field extending transversely to the direction of flow is formed by the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface with field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode.
  • a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
  • a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
  • the particles are electrostatically charged by the corona discharge which forms along the surface of the electrode. This is done at the molecular level by the following process: Is the electrode z. B. compared to the exhaust pipe to negative high voltage, so a large number of gas molecules is negatively charged. They move in the electric field applied by the electrode and the exhaust pipe in the direction of the exhaust pipe. If these meet on their way through the exhaust pipe to electrically neutral particles, they stick to these and charge the previously neutral particles also negative. The charged particles flow driven by electrostatic deflection forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe. Here the particles stick, lose their charge and are safely removed from the exhaust stream. This is the core process of an electrostatic precipitator and, depending on the geometry, height of the corona current, electrode shape, etc., leads to deposition rates of up to more than 90%.
  • the driving force of the corona discharge which decisively influences the separation efficiency of the electrostatic fine dust filter (separator), is the strength of the electric field between the spray electrode and the collector electrode.
  • the EP 1 193 445 A2 discloses a self-supporting rod electrode, this is made for example of a sheet metal strip produced by punching and has a plurality of protruding prongs. At these points, the electric field amplifies (concentrates) what the better Replacement of the electrons (corona discharge) is conducive. A separator with such a serration electrode therefore operates more effectively than one with a simple rod or wire electrode.
  • a barbed wire-like electrode is also described.
  • corona quenching In the operation of electrostatic precipitators in exhaust gas contaminated with particulate matter, so-called corona quenching occurs. Corona quenching creates, if in the case of high particle concentration, about> 10 14 particles / m 3 , the charged particles form a charge cloud, ie a space charge field, which surrounds the spray electrode. The charge cloud distorts the field distribution in the charger and weakens the electric field near the spray electrode. As a result, the field emission of free electrons from the surface of the spray wire is reduced, whereby less gas ions are available and consequently the charging of further particulate matter is reduced. At the same time, the movement of the charged fine dust particles towards the charging electrode is impaired.
  • the charging of the dust particles does not extend to the entire cross section of the exhaust pipe, but takes place only in a small area around the spray around.
  • the separation efficiency of the system drops accordingly.
  • the importance of corona quenching for the separator operation can not or only insufficiently reduced by using the above-described wave electrodes, since the charge clouds also form in the vicinity of the teeth and isolate them.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which is less prone to corona quenching.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees reliable exhaust gas purification.
  • the electrostatic precipitator in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, with a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which flows a particle-containing exhaust gas in a flow direction, and a centrally disposed in the channel interior, extending substantially in the direction of flow electrode to Formation of a corona discharge zone by means of an electric field between the electrode and the channel wall, wherein the electrode comprises means for generating at least one further corona discharge zone in the form of at least one of the electrode branching Srüelektrodenabiteses, is provided to improve the separation efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator and to reduce the limiting influence of the corona quenching along the electrode are arranged at least two spray electrode sections at least two locations, wherein the radial Ers stretches (lengths in the radial direction between the spray electrode and the channel wall) of the spray electrode sections (6a) arranged at one location are substantially equal and different from the radial extensions (lengths) of the spray electrode sections (6a) located
  • the spray electrode section is designed as a spray electrode tip part and / or spray electrode edge part.
  • the spray electrode section branches off transversely, in particular radially, from the electrode.
  • An embodiment of the electrostatic precipitator further provides that the Sprühelektrodenabrough longitudinally, in particular axially branches off from the electrode.
  • a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides that the spray electrode sections are arranged distributed on the electrode in such a way that a uniform, in particular homogeneous arrangement of the conona discharge zones is realized.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention contemplates that the radial extents, e.g. the lengths of the Sprühelektrodenabitese are selected in the flow channel such that their free, the channel wall facing ends evenly distributed in adjacent cross-sectional areas, in particular annular areas of the flow channel, so that a uniform, in particular homogeneous arrangement of Cononaentladungszonen is realized over a flow channel cross-section.
  • the radial extents e.g. the lengths of the Sprühelektrodenabitese are selected in the flow channel such that their free, the channel wall facing ends evenly distributed in adjacent cross-sectional areas, in particular annular areas of the flow channel, so that a uniform, in particular homogeneous arrangement of Cononaentladungszonen is realized over a flow channel cross-section.
  • the heating system according to the invention for generating thermal energy by burning an energy source such as biomass is characterized in that a fine dust emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning the energy carrier, wherein particulate exhaust gases are formed, and an inventive electrostatic precipitator are provided.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically in a longitudinal section and a plan view (cross section) a section of an electrostatic precipitator 1 comprising an electrode 6 with branching spray electrode sections 6a.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 is designed for a not shown here heating system for generating energy by burning an energy source such as biomass.
  • the heating system comprises a heating system which is designed as a fine dust-emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning a corresponding biomass energy carrier.
  • particle-containing exhaust gases are produced, which are expelled through an exhaust pipe or an exhaust pipe 2.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 is at least partially disposed in the exhaust pipe 2 of an exhaust gas purification system not shown here and includes a flow channel 3.
  • the flow channel 3 is formed as a tubular portion of the exhaust pipe 2 and includes a channel wall 4 and a channel inside 5. flows through the flow channel 3 the particulate exhaust gas shown here by an arrow P in the flow direction also shown by the arrow P.
  • the electrode 6, which is also referred to as a center electrode, spray electrode or corona electrode.
  • the flow channel 3 is preferably formed in cross-section in the flow direction P rotationally symmetrical about a central axis (not shown here).
  • the electrode 6 extends substantially along this central axis.
  • the electrode 6 is in Fig. 1 formed in the section of the exhaust pipe 3 shown here vertically.
  • the electrode 6 is fed via an electrode feed 7, which is covered with an insulator 8.
  • the electrode 6 forms a charging unit, in which particles can be charged electrically.
  • the electrode 6 forms with the channel wall 4, applying a high voltage, an electric field whose field lines extend substantially radially to the electrode 6 and the channel wall 4, substantially transversely, more precisely at right angles to the flow direction P.
  • a corona discharge is formed at the spray electrode 6.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 free charge carriers in the form of free electrons and thus ionized gas molecules are injected into the charging region 9 by field emission or corona discharges at the spray electrode 6. The charge carriers then flow in the electric field according to their charge to the positive or negative Electrode. If the charge carriers hit dust particles, they are charged unipolar. A large part of the particles finally settles on the precipitation electrode and sticks there.
  • a known technical difficulty in the operation of electrostatic precipitators 1 in highly contaminated with particulate matter exhaust gas is the so-called corona quenching. It arises if, in the case of high particle concentration (in particular greater than 10 14 particles / m 3 ), the charged particles form the charge cloud 10 - also referred to as the space charge field - which surrounds the spray electrode 6.
  • the charge cloud 10 distorts the field distribution and weakens the electric field in the vicinity of the spray electrode 6. This reduces the field emission of free electrons from the surface of the spray electrode, whereby less gas ions are available and consequently the charging of further particulate matter particles is reduced. At the same time, the movement of the charged fine dust particles to the collector electrode 4 (channel wall) is impaired.
  • the geometrically accessible charging region 9 is widened so that the separation efficiency of the system is increased. This is achieved by a multiplication and optimized distribution of the corona discharge zones.
  • the required for this discharge 6 is formed with a plurality of Sprühelektrodenabêten 6 a, which in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 are formed as small peaks or edges.
  • the field strength is particularly high here, since this is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature of a geometry.
  • the tips or edges or the like are preferably distributed uniformly over the cross section of the charging unit. In this way, several small charging areas 9 which in total ensure the charging of the particles over the entire cross section of the charging unit, as shown clearly in the plan view. In the case of a laminar flow, all dust particles are detected and charged by one of these charging areas 9.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows two perspective views of two embodiments of an electrode 6 with multiple Sprühelektrodenabroughen 6a.
  • the electrode 6 is z. B. in the manner of a barbed wire formed as spikes, spray electrode sections 6a executed (left figure in Fig. 2 ).
  • the variable length spraying electrode portions 6a are realized in the manner of a Christmas tree.
  • the various Sprühelektrodenabête 6a are different, in particular of different lengths.
  • the sputtering electrode sections 6a are arranged from shorter sputtering electrode sections 6a to longer sputtering electrode sections 6a.
  • both shorter and longer Sprühelektrodenabête 6a are arranged at individual nodes.
  • further spray electrode sections 6a so-called sub-spray electrode sections, are formed on the spray electrode sections 6a.
  • a plurality of spray electrode sections 6a branch off at branching regions spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.
  • two spray electrode sections branch off radially from the electrode at the branch regions.
  • the branching regions are arranged in the illustrated embodiment substantially equidistant from the spray electrode 6.
  • the distances vary.
  • the individual Sprühelektrodenabête 6a do not intersect at the height of the electrode 6.
  • the Sprühelektrodenabête 6a intersect, however, substantially in the region of the electrode. 6

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP10172456.5A 2009-08-11 2010-08-11 Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage Withdrawn EP2284442A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009036957A DE102009036957A1 (de) 2009-08-11 2009-08-11 Elektrostatischer Abscheider und Heizungssystem

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2284442A2 true EP2284442A2 (fr) 2011-02-16
EP2284442A3 EP2284442A3 (fr) 2014-08-06

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EP10172456.5A Withdrawn EP2284442A3 (fr) 2009-08-11 2010-08-11 Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage

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EP (1) EP2284442A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009036957A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2772309A1 (fr) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-03 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg Dispositif de séparation de particules à partir d'un flux de gaz chargé de particules, kit et procédé
CN104379263A (zh) * 2012-05-29 2015-02-25 丰田自动车株式会社 颗粒状物质处理装置
WO2015159539A3 (fr) * 2014-04-15 2016-01-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de déshuilage
CN116586191A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2023-08-15 苏州科技大学 利用旋转放电模块净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1193445A2 (fr) 2000-10-02 2002-04-03 Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa Dispositif pour épurer les gaz de combustion de petites installations de chauffe

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US617618A (en) * 1899-01-10 Tiiwaite
US3046716A (en) * 1959-05-14 1962-07-31 Apra Precipitator Corp Electrodes and shields
FR2317965A1 (fr) * 1975-07-18 1977-02-11 Tissmetal Lionel Dupont Procede et appareil de traitement d'un gaz ou d'une vapeur, en vue notamment de son epuration
DE3609698A1 (de) * 1986-03-19 1987-09-24 Dumitru Dr Ing Cucu Vorrichtung und verfahren zur ionisierung oder neutralisation eines gasstroms und der in ihm enthaltenen partikel
US5254155A (en) * 1992-04-27 1993-10-19 Mensi Fred E Wet electrostatic ionizing element and cooperating honeycomb passage ways
DE4306228A1 (de) * 1993-02-27 1994-09-01 Abb Patent Gmbh Rauchgasfilteranordnung für Stäube und gasförmige Schadstoffe
CN100525924C (zh) * 2001-10-23 2009-08-12 吉康姆控股公司 发射极
US20050028676A1 (en) * 2003-08-05 2005-02-10 Heckel Scott P. Corona discharge electrode assembly for electrostatic precipitator

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1193445A2 (fr) 2000-10-02 2002-04-03 Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa Dispositif pour épurer les gaz de combustion de petites installations de chauffe

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104379263A (zh) * 2012-05-29 2015-02-25 丰田自动车株式会社 颗粒状物质处理装置
EP2857104A4 (fr) * 2012-05-29 2015-05-27 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Dispositif de traitement de matière particulaire
EP2772309A1 (fr) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-03 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg Dispositif de séparation de particules à partir d'un flux de gaz chargé de particules, kit et procédé
WO2015159539A3 (fr) * 2014-04-15 2016-01-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de déshuilage
CN116586191A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2023-08-15 苏州科技大学 利用旋转放电模块净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置
CN116586191B (zh) * 2022-07-22 2024-01-19 苏州科技大学 利用旋转放电模块净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009036957A1 (de) 2011-02-17
EP2284442A3 (fr) 2014-08-06

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