WO2022069586A1 - Séparateur électrostatique, section de tube et système produisant une matière particulaire - Google Patents

Séparateur électrostatique, section de tube et système produisant une matière particulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022069586A1
WO2022069586A1 PCT/EP2021/076861 EP2021076861W WO2022069586A1 WO 2022069586 A1 WO2022069586 A1 WO 2022069586A1 EP 2021076861 W EP2021076861 W EP 2021076861W WO 2022069586 A1 WO2022069586 A1 WO 2022069586A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrostatic precipitator
discharge electrode
spray
field
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/076861
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Roman Kraus
Dennis VAN DEKKEN
Original Assignee
Woco Gmbh & Co. Kg
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Publication of WO2022069586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022069586A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/15—Centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator for separating particles, such as suspended dust or vapors, from a gas, for example for a system producing suspended dust, in particular soot, such as a combustion system, a ventilation system for a ventilation system, an exhaust system, an extractor hood or a cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist for workshops, for example.
  • a gas for example for a system producing suspended dust, in particular soot, such as a combustion system, a ventilation system for a ventilation system, an exhaust system, an extractor hood or a cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist for workshops, for example.
  • the present invention provides a pipe section, such as a chimney section, a chimney section, an extractor hood section or the like, for conducting a gas flow containing particles, such as suspended dust or vapors, in particular a combustion gas flow, of a system, such as a furnace, that produces suspended dust, in particular soot , ventilation of a ventilation and air conditioning system, an exhaust system, a fume hood or a cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist, for example for workshops, as well as a system that produces suspended dust, in particular soot, such as a combustion system. All particles surrounded by air in a given, undisturbed volume of air can be referred to as suspended dust.
  • Combustion systems have so far been responsible for well over 50% of all soot emissions. Vapors generally refer to water vapor condensing in the air, which becomes visible as fog.
  • Multi-stage electrostatic precipitators are significantly more energy-efficient and work according to the following 2-stage principle: in a charging stage, a highly inhomogeneous electric field is generated, whereby charge carriers are emitted, which attach themselves to the particles to be separated and charge them electrically. In a subsequent separation stage, an electric field that is as homogeneous as possible is built up so that ideally no further charge carriers are emitted and the charged particles can be separated due to the electric field.
  • a challenge with multi-stage electrostatic precipitators is to operate the different filter stages with the optimum voltage in each case in order to achieve the most energy-efficient operation possible with the highest possible degree of separation.
  • DE 10 2009 030 803 discloses an electrostatic precipitator for cleaning flue gases, for example in a wood-burning stove. Viewed in the flow direction of the flue gas to be cleaned, the separator has a first charging and separating stage, a second charging and separating stage and a corona discharge stage. So-called blocking field electrodes in the first and second charging and separating stage are formed by material thickening in order to increase the electric field strength locally.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating particles, such as suspended dust or vapors, from a gas stream, for example for a system that produces suspended dust, in particular soot, such as a furnace, a ventilation system for a ventilation system, an exhaust system, a fume hood or a Cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist, for example for workshops, provided.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is used in wood firing systems, in particular for separating dust and/or soot in pipe sections, such as a chimney pipe or other pipe conducting the gas flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator essentially works according to the following principle: Electrical charging of the particles in the electrical field; transport through the electrostatic precipitator and deflection in the electric field; precipitation of the electrically charged particles at an opposite pole; discharging the electrically charged particles at the opposite pole; and removing the particles from the opposite pole.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention comprises a discharge electrode and a downstream field electrode in the flow direction of the gas stream, which are connected to a common high-voltage source.
  • the discharge electrode also called emission electrode, serves essentially to emit preferably negatively charged particles, which preferably charge the particles of the gas flow negatively.
  • the discharge electrode can also be referred to as a charging electrode.
  • the field electrode which can also be referred to as a separation electrode, essentially serves to separate the electrically charged particles from the gas flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator works, for example, according to the two-stage Penney principle: In the area of the discharge electrode, which forms a charging stage, a highly inhomogeneous electric field is generated, which means that charge carriers are emitted, which attach themselves to the particles to be separated and charge them electrically. In the area of the downstream field electrode, which forms a separation stage, an electric field that is as homogeneous as possible is built up so that ideally no further charge carriers are emitted and the charged particles can be separated due to the electric field.
  • the high voltage is in the range from 8 to 20 kilovolts, preferably in the range from 10 to 16 kilovolts or in the range from 11 to 14 kilovolts.
  • both the discharge electrode and the field electrode is assigned an in particular common counter-electrode, also called collecting electrode, so that a high-voltage electric field can be generated between the discharge electrode or the field electrode and the counter-electrode.
  • the space formed between the discharge electrode or field electrode and the counter-electrode can be referred to as the charging or separating space.
  • an electrical high voltage is applied between the discharge electrode or field electrode and the counter-electrode, so that a high-voltage field is generated between the discharge electrode or field electrode and the counter-electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is operated below the breakdown or flashover voltage.
  • the breakdown voltage also known as the breakdown voltage, is the voltage that must be exceeded in order for a voltage breakdown to occur through a material or substance, for example an insulator or gas.
  • the principle of charge separation on which the electrostatic precipitator is based can be impact ionization.
  • a so-called corona onset field strength is exceeded, electrons exit the spray electrode and interact with the surrounding gas molecules, resulting in the formation of a so-called negative corona. Free electrons present in the gas are strongly accelerated in the electrostatic field of the corona, so that a gas discharge can occur. When hitting gas molecules, more electrons can be split off or attached to the gas molecules. The negative charges then move toward the oppositely charged counter electrode.
  • the negatively charged charges accumulate on the particles.
  • the negatively charged particles are deflected in the direction of the counter-electrode, where they can release their charge again, and are separated from the gas flow by the electrical force of the applied DC voltage field acting transversely to the flow direction of the gas flow.
  • the particles can then run off the counter-electrode, drip off or be removed in some other way and thereby separated from the gas flow, while a preferably cleaned gas flow, such as a clean air gas flow, can leave the electrostatic precipitator again.
  • a positive discharge electrode/field electrode/a positive corona/positive charges are used instead of the negative discharge electrode/field electrode/negative corona/negative charges. To avoid repetition the description of the invention is limited to the design of the negative discharge electrode or field electrode.
  • the discharge electrode and the field electrode are connected to each other such that the electric potential at the discharge electrode is 1% to 50% lower than the electric potential of the field electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator can be operated at a significantly lower output without a deterioration in the degree of separation or even with an improvement in the degree of separation.
  • the present invention utilizes the knowledge that the deposition rate increases with increasing input voltage at the emission electrode. However, the inventors of the present invention have found that undesired flashovers can occur between discharge electrode and counter-electrode if the input voltage is increased indefinitely.
  • the electrical potential at the discharge electrode is 1% to 40%, 1% to 30%, 1% to 20% or 1% to 10% lower than the electrical potential at the field electrode.
  • the inventors of the present invention have identified the potential differences mentioned as optimal with regard to the compromise between high deposition rate and low power consumption.
  • the field electrode is designed in such a way that the area formed in the field electrode electric field is essentially homogeneous.
  • the electric field in the vicinity of the field electrode is essentially homogeneous.
  • the close range can be defined as up to 10% of the distance between discharge electrode and counter-electrode.
  • the discharge electrode it is possible for the discharge electrode to be designed in such a way that the electric field formed in the area of the discharge electrode, in particular in the vicinity of the discharge electrode, is inhomogeneous, in particular strongly inhomogeneous.
  • the degree of homogeneity also known as the utilization factor according to Schwaiger, can be used as a measure of the homogeneity of the electric field.
  • the degree of homogeneity is generally denoted by the symbol r
  • The degree of homogeneity
  • the field electrode has a flat and/or edge-free and/or projection-free outer surface.
  • the discharge electrode can in particular taper continuously along its longitudinal extent, in particular taper to a point and/or form an emission point.
  • the inventors of the present invention make use of the knowledge that pointed emission electrodes break down at a lower voltage than emission electrodes with less pointed curvatures, in particular rounder or flat emission electrodes. In this respect it is possible to keep the electrical potential at the discharge electrode significantly lower than the electrical potential at the field electrode and at the same time to ensure the release of the charge carriers, while the release of the charge carriers at the field electrode is essentially prevented.
  • the discharge electrode and the field electrode are electrically connected to one another via an ohmic resistor or a PTC resistor.
  • the ohmic resistor can have a resistance in the range from 1 megohm to 50 megohms and/or can comprise a material from the mica group. At room temperature or when used in cold smoke generators that are operated at 50-60 °C, the resistance in the range from 3 megohms to 4 megohms, particularly 3.3 megohms.
  • the discharge electrode can be connected in series with the field electrode, with the ohmic resistance being connected between the discharge electrode and the field electrode.
  • the charging stage in the area of the discharge electrode can be supplied with voltage from the deposition stage in the area of the field electrode, so that the voltage applied to the charging stage in the area of the discharge electrode is reduced due to the ohmic resistance.
  • the formation of sparks or the formation of short circuits can be significantly reduced, in particular avoided.
  • Designing the resistor as a PTC element has the advantage that temperature-dependent self-regulation of the current can be implemented. In abstract terms, the functional principle is as follows: If the temperature rises, the resistance also rises, so that the current falls or the voltage rises.
  • an electrical contact is formed between the field electrode and the electrical high-voltage source. It is therefore sufficient to provide only one electrical supply line for both the field electrode and the discharge electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator can therefore have a low complexity or number of components.
  • the discharge electrode can be connected in series with the field electrode and optionally with the electrical ohmic resistance connected in between.
  • a series resistor is arranged between the high-voltage source and the field electrode.
  • the series resistor can be arranged outside of the gas flow, ie not exposed to the gas flow.
  • the series resistor can be located in the area of the electrical high-voltage source.
  • the or a further series resistor can be arranged between the field electrode and the discharge electrode, in particular exposed to the gas flow.
  • the series resistor arranged between the field electrode and the discharge electrode means that the electrical potential at the field electrode is significantly increased compared to the electrical potential at the discharge electrode is, whereby the separation rate can be further improved.
  • the optional series resistor which is arranged outside of the gas flow, in particular upstream of the field electrode, can serve to reduce the probability of flashover at the field electrode. This ensures reliable separation in the area of the separation stage, which is defined by the field electrode.
  • the spray electrode has a large number of spray areas, in particular at least 3, 4>5>6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
  • the spray areas can, for example, form individual emission electrodes, in particular individual emission electrode tips.
  • the plurality of spray areas can each have a degree of homogeneity q of less than 0.1. For example, this can mean that in the area of each of the large number of discharge electrodes, in particular in its vicinity, there is a degree of homogeneity q of the electric field of less than 0.1.
  • the large number of spray areas can be arranged as desired, as is known in the prior art, in order to ensure reliable electrical charging of the particles located in the gas flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator also comprises a multiplicity of discharge electrodes which are arranged concentrically to one another and are oriented in the radial direction of their common central axis.
  • the large number of spray electrodes are oriented transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the main flow direction of the gas flow through the electrostatic precipitator, at least in the region of the charging stage.
  • the discharge electrodes are arranged on a common disk base to form a toothed ring.
  • the individual discharge electrodes are distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction with respect to the common central axis. For example, this can result in a uniform, particularly effective charging of the gas stream, in particular in the entire charging space, which can be delimited, for example, by the tube walls of the tube section.
  • each of the large number of spray electrodes or spray areas is assigned a separate ohmic series resistor.
  • each series resistor is designed with regard to a parameter influencing the electric field strength at the respective spray electrode or the respective spray area, such as a geometry, orientation, arrangement or dimension. In this respect it is possible to individualize the individual series resistors in relation to the respective discharge electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator also comprises a tubular counter-electrode which is associated with and surrounds the discharge electrode and the field electrode.
  • the counter-electrode is formed as a piece of tubing.
  • the counter-electrode is arranged on an inner wall of the tubular chimney wall and/or another tubular pipeline carrying the gas flow, for example of the wood-fired furnace. Provision can be made for the counter-electrode to be oriented in the vertical direction, so that particles deposited on the counter-electrode can flow or drip off the counter-electrode, in particular exclusively under the influence of gravity, or can be removed from the counter-electrode in some other way.
  • a collecting tank for the separated particles is assigned to the counter-electrode.
  • the reservoir is vertically below the counter electrode.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating particles, such as suspended matter or vapors, from a gas stream, for example for a system producing suspended matter, in particular soot, such as a combustion system, ventilation of an air conditioning system, an exhaust system, an extractor hood or a cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist, for example for workshops.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is used in wood firing systems, in particular for separating dust and/or soot in pipe sections, such as a chimney pipe or other pipe conducting the gas flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator essentially works according to the following principle: Electrical charging of the particles in the electrical field; transport through the electrostatic precipitator and deflection in the electric field; precipitation of the electrically charged particles at an opposite pole; discharging the electrically charged particles at the opposite pole; and removing the particles from the opposite pole.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention comprises a discharge electrode and a downstream field electrode in the flow direction of the gas stream, which are connected to a common high-voltage source.
  • the discharge electrode also called emission electrode, serves essentially to emit preferably negatively charged particles, which preferably charge the particles of the gas flow negatively.
  • the discharge electrode can also be referred to as a charging electrode.
  • the field electrode which can also be referred to as a separation electrode, essentially serves to separate the electrically charged particles from the gas flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator works according to the two-stage principle: In the area of the discharge electrode, which forms a charging stage, a highly inhomogeneous electric field is generated, whereby charge carriers are emitted, which attach to the particles to be separated and charge them electrically. In the area of the downstream field electrode, which forms a separation stage, an electric field that is as homogeneous as possible is built up so that ideally no further charge carriers are emitted and the charged particles can be separated due to the electric field.
  • the high voltage is in the range from 8 to 20 kilovolts, preferably in the range from 10 to 16 kilovolts or in the range from 11 to 14 kilovolts.
  • both the spray electrode and the field electrode are assigned a common counter-electrode, also known as a collecting electrode, so that a high-voltage electric field can be generated between the spray electrode or the field electrode and the counter-electrode.
  • the space formed between the spray electrode or field electrode can be referred to as the charging or separating space.
  • an electrical high voltage is applied between the discharge electrode or field electrode and the counter-electrode, so that a high-voltage field is generated between the discharge electrode or field electrode and the counter-electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is operated below the breakdown or flashover voltage.
  • Flashover voltage is the term used to describe the voltage that must be exceeded in order for a voltage breakdown to occur through a material or substance, for example an insulator or gas.
  • the principle of charge separation on which the electrostatic precipitator is based can be impact ionization.
  • a so-called corona onset field strength is exceeded, electrons exit the spray electrode and interact with the surrounding gas molecules, resulting in the formation of a so-called negative corona. Free electrons present in the gas are strongly accelerated in the electrostatic field of the corona, so that a gas discharge can occur.
  • more electrons can be split off or attached to the gas molecules. The negative charges then move toward the oppositely charged counter electrode.
  • the negatively charged charges accumulate on the particles.
  • the negatively charged particles are deflected in the direction of the counter-electrode, where they can release their charge again, and separated from the gas flow by the electrical force of the applied DC voltage field acting transversely to the flow direction of the gas flow.
  • the particles can then run off the counter-electrode, drip off or be removed in some other way and thereby separated from the gas flow, while a preferably cleaned gas flow, such as a clean air gas flow, can leave the electrostatic precipitator again.
  • a positive discharge electrode/field electrode/a positive corona/positive charges are used instead of the negative discharge electrode/field electrode/negative corona/negative charges. To avoid repetition, the description of the invention is limited to the design of the negative discharge electrode or field electrode.
  • the discharge electrode is shaped in particular like a turbine blade in such a way that the gas flow is caused to rotate as it flows past the discharge electrode.
  • the discharge electrode can be twisted by a few degrees along its length.
  • the described structure of the discharge electrode can further increase the deposition rate of the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention. Due to the fact that the gas flow is set in a swirling flow, the particles act on the inside of the gas flow forces, in particular centrifugal forces, which cause the particles to be removed from the gas flow and in particular to be transported further away radially, in particular to the counter-electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention makes use of the operating principle of an axial cyclone and/or a centrifugal separator.
  • the discharge electrode is twisted or twisted along its length.
  • the discharge electrode has a large number of discharge electrodes or spray areas, which form a ring gear, for example, all of the large number of discharge electrodes can be twisted or twisted, so that the gas flow through each of the large number of discharge electrodes or spray areas has a twist is communicated.
  • an inflow surface of the discharge electrode oriented counter to the flow direction of the gas flow is curved, in particular convexly shaped when viewed in the flow direction of the gas flow.
  • the discharge electrode in particular the plurality of discharge electrodes of the toothed ring, is also shaped in such a way that they impart to the gas stream, which has been set into a swirling flow, an acceleration component oriented transversely to the inflow direction of the gas stream.
  • the gas stream can impinge on a wall surrounding the discharge electrode, in particular the wall forming the counter-electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator can therefore make use of the principle of action of the axial cyclone, the centrifugal separator and/or the impact separator.
  • the separation rate is significantly increased in comparison to known electrostatic precipitators, particularly in the area of systems that produce suspended dust, such as furnaces, particularly because of the combination or integration of various proven separation techniques.
  • the discharge electrode has a plurality of, in particular at least three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten, in particular identically designed discharge electrode units arranged at a particularly uniform distance from one another in the direction of flow.
  • each discharge electrode unit has a large number of, in particular at least three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten, discharge electrode tips arranged concentrically to one another and oriented in the radial direction of their common central axis, each to form a ring gear .
  • the large number of spray electrodes are oriented transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the main flow direction of the gas flow through the electrostatic precipitator, at least in the region of the charging stage.
  • the discharge electrodes are arranged on a common disk base to form a toothed ring.
  • the individual discharge electrodes are distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction with respect to the common central axis. For example, this can result in a uniform, particularly effective charging of the gas stream, in particular in the entire charging space, which can be delimited, for example, by the tube walls of the tube section.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention comprises a counter-electrode, in particular tubular, which is assigned to the discharge electrode and the field electrode and which can surround the discharge electrode and the field electrode.
  • the arrangement of the counter-electrode and field electrode or, in particular, the discharge electrode is designed in such a way that the counter-electrode is at a distance in the range from 30 mm to 55 mm, in particular about 35 mm, 42.5 mm or 50 mm, depending on the size of the discharge electrode, from the Discharge electrode is arranged. In the case of a rotationally symmetrical configuration of counter-electrode and discharge electrode, the distance is essentially the same around the circumference.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating particles, such as suspended matter or vapors, from a gas flow, for example for a suspended matter, in particular soot, producing plant, such as a furnace , ventilation of an air conditioning system, an exhaust system, an extractor hood or a cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist, for example for workshops.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention for wood firing systems is used in particular for dust and/or soot separation in pipe sections, such as in a chimney pipe or another pipe conducting the gas flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator comprises a spray electrode with a plurality of spray electrode units, in particular at least three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten, in particular identically configured spray electrode units which are arranged at a particularly uniform distance from one another in the flow direction and each have a large number of, in particular at least three , four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten, spray electrode tips arranged concentrically to one another and oriented in the radial direction of their common central axis to form a toothed ring, and a field electrode downstream in the flow direction of the gas stream, which are connected to a common high-voltage source.
  • spray electrode with a plurality of spray electrode units, in particular at least three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten, in particular identically configured spray electrode units which are arranged at a particularly uniform distance from one another in the flow direction and each have a large number of, in particular at least three , four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten, spray
  • a distance between two discharge electrode tips is not less than 10 mm.
  • the arrangement of the discharge electrode or its discharge electrode units and the associated discharge electrode tips are designed in such a way that two adjacent discharge electrode tips have a minimum distance of 10 mm from one another.
  • the distance is exactly 10 mm.
  • two mutually adjacent discharge electrode units are aligned with one another in such a way that their discharge electrode tips are offset in the circumferential direction with respect to the direction of flow.
  • the orientation is such that each discharge electrode tip lies in a clear circumferential sector spanned by two discharge electrode tips of an adjacent discharge electrode unit.
  • the toothed ring-shaped discharge electrode units arranged one above the other are provided with a circumferential offset in such a way that, in a plan view, the emission electrode tips are each along the bisecting line between two Emission electrode tips of an adjacent spray electrode units ring gear are.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating particles, such as suspended matter or vapors, from a gas flow, for example for a suspended matter, in particular soot, producing plant, such as a furnace , a ventilation, an air conditioning system, an exhaust system, an extractor hood or a cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist, for example for workshops.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is used in wood firing systems, in particular for separating dust and/or soot in pipe sections, such as a chimney pipe or another pipe conducting the gas flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention comprises a spray electrode with at least 9, in particular at least 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 Discharge electrode tips and a downstream field electrode in the flow direction of the gas stream connected to a common high voltage source.
  • a spray electrode with at least 9, in particular at least 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 Discharge electrode tips and a downstream field electrode in the flow direction of the gas stream connected to a common high voltage source.
  • the spray electrode can have at least 3, in particular 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 times the number of spray electrode tips to spray electrode units.
  • a voltage of 20 kV is present at the high-voltage source, so that approximately 30 pA are present at each discharge electrode tip.
  • a pipe section such as a chimney section, a chimney section, an extractor hood section or the like, for conducting a gas flow containing particles, such as suspended dust or vapors, in particular a Combustion gas flow, a suspended dust, in particular soot-generating plant, such as a furnace, ventilation of a ventilation system, an exhaust system, a fume hood or a cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist, for example for workshops, provided.
  • the pipe section according to the invention comprises an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention, which is designed, for example, according to one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments, and has a tubular counter-electrode assigned to the discharge electrode and the field electrode and surrounding the two.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is arranged inside the tube section or inside the counter-electrode. Inside can be understood as radial in relation to the gas flow direction flowing through the pipe section.
  • the electrical high-voltage source is attached to its outside.
  • the electrical high-voltage source is arranged at the vertical level of the field and spray electrodes.
  • the field electrode can be connected to the electrical high-voltage source via an electrical supply line that extends through the pipe section wall.
  • the electrical supply line and/or the passage through the pipe section wall can/can be electrically insulated.
  • a plant such as a combustion plant, that produces suspended dust, in particular soot
  • the system according to the invention comprises a pipe section according to the invention, which is designed, for example, according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic partial view in a perspective representation of a further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the electrostatic precipitator according to FIG. 2 in a side view
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic partial view in a perspective representation of a further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic partial view of a further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows an isolated plan view of a discharge electrode of the electrostatic precipitator according to FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic detailed view of the discharge electrode of FIGS. 5 and 6 according to an exemplary development
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic detail view in a perspective representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a discharge electrode of an exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic partial view in a perspective representation of a further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention
  • io shows a detailed view of the discharge electrode of the electrostatic precipitator
  • FIG. 11 shows the electrostatic precipitator according to FIGS. 9 and 10 in a side view
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic partial view in a perspective representation of a further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic plan view of two discharge electrode units arranged one above the other in the direction of flow
  • Fig. 17 shows a schematic representation of a test result according to the test setup according to Fig. 16.
  • an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention for separating particles, such as suspended dust or vapors, from a gas flow is generally given the reference number 1 .
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 can be used, for example, in a system that generates suspended dust, in particular soot, such as a furnace, a ventilation system for a ventilation system, an exhaust system, a fume hood or a cleaning system for lubricant mist, for example for workshops.
  • the incoming gas flow upstream of the electrostatic precipitator 1, which is charged with particles, is provided with the reference number 3.
  • the gas flow emerging from or leaving the electrostatic precipitator 1, which has been essentially cleaned of the particles, is provided with the reference numeral 5 and can also be referred to as the clean air gas flow.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention is a two-stage electrostatic precipitator, the mode of operation of which is explained in more detail below.
  • the electrostatic precipitators 1 according to the exemplary embodiments of the figures can be designed according to the above configurations.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 essentially comprises the following main components: a discharge electrode 7, in the area of which a first stage, in particular a charging stage, of the electrostatic precipitator 1 is formed; a field electrode 9 downstream in the flow direction of the gas stream 3, in the area of which a second stage, in particular a separation stage, of the electrostatic precipitator 1 is formed; and a common high-voltage source 11 which supplies the spray electrode 7 and the field electrode 9 with a high electric voltage.
  • the particle-laden gas stream 3 is electrically charged in the area of the discharge electrode 7 or in the area of the charging stage. This takes place via the free charge carriers emitted by the discharge electrode 7, which are generally indicated by the reference number 13.
  • the emitted free charge carriers 13 adhere to the particles to be separated from the glass flow 3 and charge them electrically.
  • the electric field formed in the area of the discharge electrode 7 is in particular highly inhomogeneous, with a degree of homogeneity q being less than 0.1.
  • the separation stage is set in such a way that the maximum degree of separation can be achieved.
  • the discharge electrode 7 and the field electrode 9 are assigned a counter-electrode 15, also known as a collecting electrode, which forms the opposite pole and which attracts the electrically charged particles in order to separate or remove them from the gas stream 3.
  • the counter-electrode 15 is formed by a pipe wall, for example a chimney pipe or the like.
  • a pipe section 17 according to the invention which can be, for example, a chimney section, a chimney section, an extractor hood section or the like and for conducting a gas flow containing particles, such as suspended dust or vapors, in particular a combustion gas flow, a suspended dust, in particular soot, producing plant, such as a furnace, ventilation an air conditioning system, an exhaust system, an extractor hood or a cleaning system for cooling lubricant mist, for example for workshops.
  • the pipe section 17 according to the invention which forms or has the counter-electrode 15, surrounds the discharge electrode 7 and the field electrode 9, so that an annular free space can conduct a gas flow 3 through the electrostatic precipitator 1, in particular the pipe section 17.
  • the ring-shaped free space in the region of the charging stage or the discharge electrode 7 can be referred to as the charging space 19
  • the annular space in the region of the separation stage or the field electrode 9 can be referred to as the separation space 21 .
  • the electrical high-voltage source 11 is housed outside of the pipe section 17 in an electronics housing 23 and is electrically connected to the field electrode 9 via an electrical supply line 25 .
  • the electrical contact between the high-voltage source is made with the field electrode 9.
  • the discharge electrode 7 is electrically connected in series, with an ohmic resistor 27 being connected between the field electrode 9 and discharge electrode 7, which can also be referred to as a voltage reducer or potential reducer.
  • the electrical potential at spray electrode 7 is in particular in the range from 1% to 50% lower than the electrical potential of a field electrode 9, since a voltage drops across ohmic resistor 27.
  • a series resistor 29 can be arranged within the electronic component 23, which is connected upstream of the field electrode 9 and is intended to reduce or avoid the probability of a field electrode 9 flashover.
  • the electrode arrangement consisting of field electrode 9, ohmic resistor 27 and discharge electrode 7 is held on pipe section 17 by means of a support arm 31 arranged transversely to the direction of flow of gas stream 3.
  • the field electrode 9 and the discharge electrode 7 can be supplied with electricity via the support arm 31 .
  • the support arm 31 is electrically isolated by means of an electrical insulator 33 . 2 and 3 show a partial view of the electrostatic precipitator 1 of FIG. 1 in an enlarged representation, so that essentially reference can be made to the previous description.
  • the field electrode 9 has a closed tubular structure with an outer surface 35 free of edges and projections, which peripherally faces the inner side of the tubular section 17 forming the counter-electrode 15 .
  • the field electrode 9 has a significantly greater longitudinal extent in the direction of flow of the gas stream 3 laden with particles, ie as viewed from the discharge electrode 7 .
  • the dwell time of the particle-laden gas flow 3 within the separation stage, which is formed by the field electrode 9 can be lengthened. Due to the projection and edge-free design of the field electrode 9, in particular the avoidance of tapering steps or peaks, the breakdown voltage increases, so that the escape of free charge carriers from the field electrode 9 can be reduced, in particular avoided.
  • the applied electrical field is homogeneous, in particular much more homogeneous than the particularly highly inhomogeneous electrical field in the area of the discharge electrode 7 or the charging stage, with a degree of homogeneity being more than 0.1.
  • the ohmic resistor 27, which is connected between the field electrode 9 and the discharge electrode 7 and acts as a voltage or potential reducer, can also have a tube-like structure, with the diameter of the ohmic resistor being smaller than that of the field electrode 9 as shown in FIG.
  • the spray electrode 7 has three spray electrode units 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 which are arranged at a distance from one another, viewed in the direction of flow and which can be of identical design.
  • the discharge electrode units 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 each form a toothed ring which is oriented transversely to the main flow direction of the gas flow 3 through the electrostatic precipitator 1 or the pipe section 17 and/or concentrically to the central axis of the field electrode 9 or the pipe section 17 are.
  • Each of the discharge electrode units 7.1 to 7.3 has a flat disk base 37, from which individual discharge electrodes 39, which can also be referred to as spray areas or emission tips, extend radially outwards and thus face the inner wall of the pipe section 17 forming the counter electrode 15 directly.
  • Each discharge electrode unit 7.1 to 7.3 thus forms a kind of ring gear, with the teeth of the toothed ring form the discharge electrodes or spray areas or emission tips 39 .
  • the corona inception voltage is reduced, so that even at a significantly lower voltage compared to the field electrode 9, there is an emission of free charge carriers, which can then attach themselves to the particles of the gas flow 3 in order to charge them electrically, so that can be separated or deposited from the gas flow by the attraction by means of the counter-electrode 15 forming the opposite pole.
  • the embodiment of the electrostatic precipitator 1 according to Fig. 4 differs from the embodiment of the electrostatic precipitator 1 according to Figs. 2 and 3 essentially by the dimensioning of the discharge electrode 7 and, if applicable, the field electrode 9.
  • the discharge electrode units 7.1 to 7.3 according to FIG. 4 have larger radial dimensions, so that the radial distance between the individual discharge electrode units 7.1 to 7.3 and the inner wall of the pipe section 17 forming the counter electrode 15 and thus also the charging space 19 formed between them is reduced.
  • the corona inception voltage decreases.
  • the charging distance for example the number of spray electrode rings connected in series in the flow direction
  • the length of the field electrode 9 is the same for larger sprocket diameters and a longer charging distance as well as smaller sprocket diameters and a shorter charging distance.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 further exemplary embodiments of the electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention or pipe sections 17 according to the invention are shown, which differ essentially from one another and from the previous versions of exemplary electrostatic precipitator 1 or pipe sections 17 differ.
  • the spray electrode 7 according to FIG. 5 differs in principle from the toothed ring spray electrodes 7 of the previous figures in that each of the plurality of spray electrode tips or spray areas 39 is assigned a separate ohmic series resistor 41 (see FIG. 6).
  • the individualization can be designed, for example, in relation to parameters influencing a dielectric field strength at the respective discharge electrode tip 39, such as a geometry, an orientation, an arrangement or a dimension.
  • the use of separate ohmic series resistors (regardless of whether they are the same or individual) for each individual discharge electrode tip ensures that the current flowing through the individual discharge electrode tips is made more uniform.
  • the discharge electrode tips 39 of the previous figures essentially have a triangular or wedge-shaped structure, which increasingly tapers or tapers radially outward.
  • the discharge electrode tips 39 of FIGS. 5 to 7 are arranged concentrically in the radial direction with respect to the central axis through the pipe section 17 and the field electrode 9, analogously to the previous statements, but have a thin rod structure with a substantially constant cross section or dimension.
  • a spray electrode unit 7.1, 7.2 or 7.3 is shown in plan view.
  • the plurality of spray electron tips 39 are each connected to an electrical series resistor 41 and to an electrical conductor track 43 which is part of a printed circuit board (PCB) 45 .
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary further development of the discharge electrode 7 of FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the three discharge electrode units 7.1 can be surrounded by a casting compound, which is indicated schematically by the reference number 47, or cast in it. In this way, a spray electrode assembly can be formed as a unit.
  • the discharge electrode arrangement, including the casting compound 47 can be accommodated in an electrically insulating housing 49 .
  • the electrically insulating housing 49 can prevent the formation of short circuits between discharge electrode tips 39 and the counter electrode 15.
  • each of the plurality of discharge electrode tips 39 protrudes from the electrically insulating housing 49 in order to ensure the emission of free charge carriers.
  • each individual spray electrode tip 39 is preceded by a series resistor, which is indicated by reference number 51 .
  • the discharge electrode 7 according to Fig. 8 also has individual discharge electrode units 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 which are arranged at a distance from one another when viewed in the direction of flow and which each have the discharge electrode tips 39 which are arranged concentrically to one another and extend in the radial direction and which in turn have Circumferentially distributed evenly and/or arranged at a constant distance from one another.
  • the power supply of the individual discharge electrode tips 39 is based on the following principle: the power connection to the electrical high-voltage source 11 (not shown) is made via a central, electrically conductive core 53, which according to FIG. 8 forms a cylindrical inner tube. The current then reaches the individual emission electrode tips 39 via the electrically conductive core 53 surrounding the high-impedance series resistor 51, which according to FIG. 8 is designed as a cylindrical structure and completely surrounds the electrically conductive core 53 electrical conductivity or be made of a material from the mica group.
  • FIGS. 9 to 11 show a further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention, which differs from the previous embodiments in terms of its mode of operation with regard to particle separation.
  • the designs of the electrostatic precipitator 1 of FIGS. 9 to 11 combine the functioning of the electrostatic precipitator with that of a centrifugal separator or an axial cyclone.
  • the discharge electrodes in particular the individual discharge electrode tips or areas 39, are in particular shaped like turbine blades in such a way that the gas flow 3 flowing past the discharge electrode 7 is set in a swirling flow.
  • the electrically charged particles are given a twist, so that they move in the radial direction be conveyed or accelerated outwards in the direction of the counter-electrode 15 .
  • the emission electrode units 7.1 to 7.3 of FIGS. 9 to 11 also form sprockets, with the turbine blade-like emission electrode tips 39 of a discharge electrode unit 7.1 to 7.3 extending radially outwards from a common disk-like base 37.
  • the individual discharge electrode tips 39 are twisted or connected along their longitudinal extension, which can be seen in particular in FIG.
  • the individual discharge electrode tips 39 not only taper in the region of the plane spanned by the disk base 37, but also taper in a plane lying in the direction of flow.
  • the individual emission electrode tips 39 each have an inflow surface 35 oriented counter to the direction of flow of the gas stream 3, which is curved, in particular viewed in the direction of flow, is convexly curved.
  • the discharge electrode tips 39 are shaped in such a way that they impart to the gas stream, which has been set into a swirling flow, an acceleration component oriented transversely to the direction of flow of the gas stream 3, through the electrically charged particles of the gas stream 3 on a wall surrounding the discharge electrode 7, namely the inner wall of the counter electrode 15 forming Pipe section 17 bounce.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 shown in FIG. 12 is basically constructed analogously to the electrostatic precipitator 1 according to FIG. 11, but differs with regard to the number of discharge electrode units 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 to 7-i.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 comprises ten discharge electrode units 7.1 to 7.10 spaced apart in the direction of flow, which are each designed in the manner of a toothed ring or sun and each have ten teeth 57 which extend radially outwards from the respective base 37 and each open into a discharge electrode tip 39.
  • the disk base 37 is dimensioned significantly smaller in the radial direction. As a result, the flow loss or resistance when flowing through the electrostatic precipitator 1 can be kept as low as possible.
  • each discharge electrode tip 39 or its prong 57 lies in a clear circumferential sector spanned by two discharge electrode tips 39 or its prongs 57 of an adjacent discharge electrode unit, in particular on the angle bisecting line spanned by them. This results in the greatest possible coverage of the electron clouds in the charging area, which increases the deposition rate.
  • the various spray electrode units 7-i are arranged one above the other without a circumferential offset.
  • the discharge electrode tips 39 should have a certain minimum distance of about 10 mm from one another, so that the interaction of the electron clouds of the individual electrode tips 39 is kept as small as possible. It can be seen in FIG. 15 that, also viewed in the direction of flow, adjacent discharge electrode units 7-i have the minimum spacing of approximately 10 mm.
  • Figures 16 and 17 show a schematic test setup for determining the separation rate of an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention in use with a small combustion system 59, which is, for example, a cold smoke generator that is operated at 50 to 60°C, including a graphic representation of the particle number determined in the gas flow upstream and downstream of the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the solid line corresponds to the number of particles after, i.e. downstream of the electrostatic precipitator 1, and the dashed line to the number of particles before, i.e. upstream, of the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the cold smoke generator 59 is operated so that a particle-laden gas stream 3 leaves it and is directed into a pipe section 17, in particular according to the invention, in which an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention is arranged.
  • the supply of the particle-laden gas stream 3 into the pipe section 17 and through the electrostatic precipitator 1 is assisted by a suction pump 61 which, for example, has a delivery rate of 800 l/min, the delivery direction of which is indicated schematically by the arrows with the reference number 63 .
  • a partial flow of the particle-laden gas flow 3 upstream of the electrostatic precipitator 1 is discharged via a vacuum suction nozzle 65 by means of an untreated air duct 77 and fed to a measuring chamber or a measuring device 69 in order to detect the particles in the particle-laden gas flow 3. Furthermore, a further partial flow is fed downstream, i.e. after passing through the electrostatic precipitator 1, via a further vacuum suction nozzle 60 by means of a further vacuum suction nozzle 67 by means of a clean air duct 79 to a further measuring device or a further measuring chamber 71 in order to 1 cleaned gas stream to capture located particles.
  • the feeding of the partial gas streams into the respective measurement sections is supported by a valve device 73, by means of which compressed air 75 can be applied to the vacuum suction nozzles 65, 67.
  • the graphic representation according to Figure 17 plots the course over time on the abscissa and the total number of particles of all particles in a size spectrum from 0.5 (in to 10 ⁇ m) on the ordinate.
  • the line 83 characterizing the cleaned gas flow can be divided into two areas: the area provided with the reference number 87 indicates the measurement section in which the measured values are actually read out and the degree of electrostatic separation is determined; the areas provided with the reference number 85 indicate a so-called calibration or initiation state, at which the electrostatic precipitator 1 is switched off in order to coordinate the various sensor devices.
  • a degree of separation of more than 97% could be achieved in the test.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un séparateur électrostatique (1) pour séparer des particules telles que des matières ou des vapeurs particulières, à partir d'un flux de gaz (3), pour un système qui produit une matière particulaire, en particulier de la suie, par exemple, tel qu'un système de mise à feu, une unité de ventilation d'un système de climatisation, un système de gaz d'échappement, une hotte aspirante ou un système de nettoyage pour refroidir un brouillard de lubrifiant pour des ateliers, par exemple, comprenant une électrode de pulvérisation (7) et une électrode de champ (9) en aval dans la direction d'écoulement du flux de gaz (3) qui sont reliées à une source haute tension commune (11), l'électrode de pulvérisation (7) et l'électrode de champ (9) étant connectées ensemble de telle sorte que le potentiel électrique au niveau de l'électrode de pulvérisation (7) est 1 % à 50 % inférieur au potentiel électrique au niveau de l'électrode de champ (9).
PCT/EP2021/076861 2020-09-30 2021-09-29 Séparateur électrostatique, section de tube et système produisant une matière particulaire WO2022069586A1 (fr)

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DE102020125579.9A DE102020125579A1 (de) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Elektroabscheider, Rohrabschnitt und Schwebstaub erzeugende Anlage
DE102020125579.9 2020-09-30

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EP4374968A1 (fr) * 2022-11-22 2024-05-29 Schiedel GmbH Tuyau d'échappement, appareil de purification de gaz d'échappement, procédé de nettoyage d'un tuyau d'échappement et utilisation d'un tuyau d'échappement

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DE102022103804A1 (de) 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Woco Gmbh & Co. Kg Raumluftreiniger

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