EP2251088B1 - Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage - Google Patents

Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2251088B1
EP2251088B1 EP10162010.2A EP10162010A EP2251088B1 EP 2251088 B1 EP2251088 B1 EP 2251088B1 EP 10162010 A EP10162010 A EP 10162010A EP 2251088 B1 EP2251088 B1 EP 2251088B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
charging electrode
electrostatic separator
particle
electrode
electrical insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10162010.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2251088A3 (fr
EP2251088A2 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Steiner
David Schuetz
Tania Gonzalez-Baquet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2251088A2 publication Critical patent/EP2251088A2/fr
Publication of EP2251088A3 publication Critical patent/EP2251088A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2251088B1 publication Critical patent/EP2251088B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of a biomass-fired heating system, according to the preamble of claim 1. Further, the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by burning an energy source with an electrostatic precipitator according to claim 6.
  • emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
  • fine dust which consists essentially of different proportions of carbon, potassium and / or calcium compounds, as a pollutant content is a disadvantage in conventional biomass heating systems.
  • An emission control system which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission.
  • the device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode for example in the form of a rod, is held over an insulating holder.
  • a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
  • Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
  • This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system. It is through the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore as the center electrode is designated, and a surrounding lateral surface of the exhaust pipe, a capacitor is formed, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
  • the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm).
  • a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface with field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode.
  • a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
  • a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
  • an electrically conductive particle layer is formed on the high-voltage feedthrough or the insulator surrounding it, which forms the Functionality of the electrostatic precipitator, for example by voltage breakdowns, limits.
  • thermophoresis In order to prevent particles from depositing on the high-voltage lead-through, a heatable particle-repelling agent is provided which effectively maintains the function of the electrostatic precipitator by means of thermophoresis.
  • the WO 1989/012731 A1 discloses a coagulator for equipment for purifying fossil fuel gases with a counter electrode poled housing, a high voltage electrode disposed concentrically in the housing, and at least one insulator surrounding the electrode on a length section for conducting the electrode through the housing Prevention or elimination of agglomerate occupancy of its surface carries an electrical Walkerleiterbahn.
  • the insulator consists of a ceramic inner tube and a protective tube enclosing this, wherein the existing between inner and protective tube parting line is gas-tight.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize the function and operation of an electrostatic precipitator, in particular by reducing the electrical power consumption required for heating. Further, the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees a reliable and effective emission control.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is characterized in that the electrode is provided in a partial region with electrical insulation, wherein an upstream portion of the charging electrode (4) is electrically insulated and a downstream portion is not isolated, and the location of the electrical particle charging with respect to the insulator (6) is displaced downstream.
  • the charging electrode is provided from the side of the holder and / or the heatable Pumbleabweiseffens forth in a partial area with an electrical insulation.
  • the electrical insulation is preferably an insulation layer applied to the charging electrode and / or an electrically non-conductive enveloping element around the charging electrode.
  • the location of the electrical charge with respect to the heating of Pumbleabweisestoff and charging electrode moves downstream, ie farther away from the lying on ground potential ceramic insulation of the high voltage supply or the heatable Pumbleabweiseffens.
  • the charging electrode in the downstream end region is extended by approximately the length of the upstream electrical insulation to compensate for the upstream elimination of the spray surface in the downstream end region.
  • the heating system according to the invention for generating energy by burning of an energy source such as biomass is characterized in that this is a particulate matter emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for Having combustion of the energy carrier, wherein particle-containing exhaust gases, and an inventive electrostatic precipitator is provided.
  • the function and operation of an electrostatic precipitator are optimized in particular by reducing the electrical power consumption necessary for heating. This achieves reliable and effective emission control.
  • thermophoresis effect is utilized, because if a surface in the particle-laden exhaust gas stream, for example, is heated by a biomass-fired heating system to about 100 K above the surrounding gas temperature, the deposition of the temperature gradient towards the surroundings becomes, above all, smaller, clearly submicron, Particles ( ⁇ 200nm) reliably prevented.
  • the high voltage supply is short-circuited via this deposition layer.
  • the electronic control unit of the electrostatic precipitator then heats the ceramic insulation briefly above 600 ° C high. From this temperature, the insulation is burned free of the combustible, deposited soot particles. Only incombustible ash particles that are not volatile at 600 ° C remain on the ceramic insulation. In contrast to the soot particles, they are electrically non-conductive and can not short-circuit the high voltage. The electrostatic precipitator is therefore ready for use again after burnishing.
  • the modification according to the invention more than halves the electrostatically induced contamination of the high-voltage insulation. As a result, only less than 50% of the original, above-described electrical heating power is necessary to maintain the thermophoresis. This has a direct, positive influence on the energy balance of the emission control system and the entire heating system.
  • the drawing shows an embodiment of the invention and shows in a single figure schematically a longitudinal cross-section through an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is arranged in an exhaust pipe 1 (only partially shown) of a heating system, not shown here, and comprises a flow channel 2, which is formed as a tubular portion of the exhaust pipe 1 and a channel wall 3 comprises.
  • a charging electrode 4 which is also referred to as a center electrode, spray electrode or corona electrode.
  • the flow channel 2 is preferably formed in cross-section in the flow direction rotationally symmetrical about a central axis A, wherein the charging electrode 4 extends substantially along this central axis A.
  • the charging electrode 4 is fed via a high-voltage leadthrough 5, which is encased with an insulator 6. Together with the duct wall 3, the charging electrode 4 forms a charging unit in which particles can be electrically charged.
  • the charging electrode 4 forms an electric field with the channel wall 3 while applying a high voltage, the field lines of which extend essentially radially to the charging electrode 4 or the channel wall 3, essentially transversely to the flow direction.
  • the electrostatic precipitator in the illustrated embodiment comprises a particle repelling agent, which is integrated in the insulator 6. It is a heating element 7 for the insulator 6 with a plurality of these penetrating heating wires.
  • the charging electrode 4 is provided from the side of the holder or the heatable Pelleabweiseffens forth in a partial area with an electrical insulation 8. This is shown in the form of an applied on the charging electrode 4 insulating layer.
  • the location of the electrical charge with respect to the insulator 6 as well as the heating of particle repelling agent and charging electrode 4 is displaced downstream to minimize deposits on the high voltage supply and electrode support assembly.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Collecteur électrostatique, notamment pour une conduite de fumées (1) d'un système de chauffage alimenté par biomasse, comprenant un canal d'écoulement (2) muni d'une paroi de canal (3) et d'un intérieur de canal (2), à travers lequel s'écoulent dans un sens d'écoulement des fumées contenant des particules, comprenant une électrode de charge (4) qui s'étend dans l'intérieur de canal essentiellement dans le sens d'écoulement, en vue de former un champ électrique entre l'électrode de charge (4) et la paroi de canal (3), comprenant une traversée à haute tension (5) qui est entourée par un isolateur (6), et comprenant des moyens de répulsion des particules pouvant être chauffés avec un élément chauffant (7), lesquels empêchent un dépôt de particules sur la traversée à haute tension (5) et l'isolateur (6), la traversée à haute tension (5) et l'électrode de charge (4) étant au moins partiellement réalisées sous la forme d'un composant commun,
    caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de charge (4) est munie dans une zone partielle d'une isolation électrique (8), une zone partielle en amont de l'électrode de charge (4) étant isolée électriquement et une zone partielle en aval n'étant pas isolée, et l'emplacement de la charge électrique des particules étant décalé vers l'aval par rapport à l'isolateur (6).
  2. Collecteur électrostatique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de charge (4) est munie d'une isolation électrique (8) dans une zone partielle depuis le côté de la traversée à haute tension (5) et/ou des moyens de répulsion des particules pouvant être chauffés.
  3. Collecteur électrostatique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'isolation électrique (8) est une couche d'isolation appliquée sur l'électrode de charge (4) et/ou un élément d'enveloppe électriquement non conducteur autour de l'électrode de charge (4).
  4. Collecteur électrostatique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'isolation électrique (8) se compose d'un revêtement en céramique ou d'un corps en céramique, notamment d'un tube en céramique.
  5. Collecteur électrostatique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de charge (4), dans la zone d'extrémité dirigée vers l'aval, est prolongée approximativement de la longueur de l'isolation électrique (8) en amont afin de compenser la disparition en amont de la surface de pulvérisation dans la zone d'extrémité en aval.
  6. Système de chauffage destiné à produire de l'énergie par combustion d'une source d'énergie telle que la biomasse avec une installation de chauffage émettant des particules fines telle qu'une installation de chauffage à biomasse destinée à la combustion de la source d'énergie, des fumées contenant des particules étant produites, équipé d'un collecteur électrostatique selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 5.
EP10162010.2A 2009-05-13 2010-05-05 Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage Not-in-force EP2251088B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009021072A DE102009021072A1 (de) 2009-05-13 2009-05-13 Elektrostatischer Abscheider und Heizsystem

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2251088A2 EP2251088A2 (fr) 2010-11-17
EP2251088A3 EP2251088A3 (fr) 2013-11-20
EP2251088B1 true EP2251088B1 (fr) 2015-01-07

Family

ID=42358689

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10162010.2A Not-in-force EP2251088B1 (fr) 2009-05-13 2010-05-05 Séparateur électrostatique et système de chauffage

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EP (1) EP2251088B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009021072A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202012100052U1 (de) 2012-01-06 2012-07-11 Georg Hipp Maschinenbau Gmbh Anordnung einer beheizbaren Elektrode in einem Kamin oder einem Abgaskanal
DE202014004295U1 (de) * 2014-05-22 2015-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrostatischer Partikelabscheider
CN107377219A (zh) * 2017-07-20 2017-11-24 江门市凯骏环保科技有限公司 一种带加热功能的静电过滤装置

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD259799B1 (de) * 1987-04-01 1989-11-22 Entstaubungstech Edgar Andre Anordnung von isolationskoerpern zur elektrischen isolierung der tragstange der spruehsysteme in elektroabscheidern
DE8804328U1 (de) * 1988-03-30 1988-07-07 Müller, Johannes A., Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing., 7980 Ravensburg Elektrostatisch wirkendes Rußabbrennfilter
DE3810910C1 (fr) * 1988-03-30 1989-08-10 Johannes A. Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. 7980 Ravensburg De Mueller
DE3820740A1 (de) * 1988-06-18 1989-12-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Koagulator fuer einrichtungen zum reinigen von abgasen fossiler brennstoffe
CH695113A5 (de) 2000-10-02 2005-12-15 Empa Vorrichtung zur Rauchgasreinigung an Kleinfeuerungen.
DE102006057705B3 (de) * 2006-12-07 2008-03-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Optimierter elektrostatischer Abscheider
DE102007056696B3 (de) * 2007-11-24 2009-05-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrostatischer Abscheider mit Partikelabweisemittel, Heizungssystem und Verfahren zum Betrieb
DE102008015616A1 (de) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrostatischer Abscheider mit Partikelabweisemittel und Heizsystem

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Publication number Publication date
DE102009021072A1 (de) 2010-11-25
EP2251088A3 (fr) 2013-11-20
EP2251088A2 (fr) 2010-11-17

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