EP2006023B1 - Précipitateur électrostatique et son système de chauffage - Google Patents

Précipitateur électrostatique et son système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2006023B1
EP2006023B1 EP20080010859 EP08010859A EP2006023B1 EP 2006023 B1 EP2006023 B1 EP 2006023B1 EP 20080010859 EP20080010859 EP 20080010859 EP 08010859 A EP08010859 A EP 08010859A EP 2006023 B1 EP2006023 B1 EP 2006023B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulator
flow
electrostatic precipitator
electrode
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20080010859
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2006023A2 (fr
EP2006023A3 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Dr. Steiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2006023A3 publication Critical patent/EP2006023A3/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, according to the preamble of claim 1. Further, the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by burning an energy source with an electrostatic precipitator according to the preamble of claim.
  • heating systems use appropriate emission control systems. These are to filter out in particular the harmful substances and particles in exhaust gases, so that the remaining, purified exhaust gas can be safely released to the environment.
  • emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
  • biomass heating systems where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
  • relatively high emission of particulate matter as a pollutant component is a problem in biomass heating systems.
  • an exhaust gas purification plant which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emissions.
  • the device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode for example in the form of a tensioned rod, is held over an insulating holder.
  • a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
  • Such an electrostatic filter with spray electrode and collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
  • This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system. It is through the spray, which is approximately in the middle the exhaust pipe extends and is therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and an associated, surrounding lateral surface of the exhaust pipe, a capacitor is formed, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
  • the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm).
  • a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface with field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode.
  • a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
  • a corona discharge forms, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, the particles move through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
  • the high voltage which is applied to the center electrode, is supplied via a high voltage supply from the outside to the center electrode. This generally runs transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, preferably radially to the center electrode.
  • the high voltage supply is covered with an insulator. Disadvantage of this isolation is that settle on the insulation exhaust particles, which form an electrically conductive surface on the insulator with a corresponding number of particles over which the center electrode can be discharged. This leads to failure of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • an electrostatic precipitator that has a particle repelling agent that is integrated directly into the insulator.
  • it is proposed to form a fluid flow parallel to the insulator and thus prevent the accumulation of particles on the insulator.
  • an electrostatic precipitator wherein the electrode feed is arranged outside the actual flow channel in the region of a cross-sectional narrowing of the flow channel and provided there with insulators.
  • a draft of air is generated along the outside of the flow channel to the insulators in order to prevent an accumulation of particles.
  • a lateral passage opening for the electrode supply shielded with Abweisestoffn.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which overcomes this disadvantage and in particular prevents or reduces the deposition of particles on the insulator to increase the service life of the electrostatic precipitator. Further, the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees reliable emission control.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is characterized in that, in an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, with a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, in the channel interior substantially in the flow direction extending electrode, and an electrode lead to feed the electrode, wherein the electrode lead is at least partially sheathed with an insulator, further comprising a particle repelling agent, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas from depositing on the insulator.
  • an electric field is generated in the channel interior by the electrode fed with high voltage and the channel wall acting as counter electrode.
  • the field lines run transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, preferably at right angles to the electrode.
  • an electrode feed which supplies the electrode with high voltage from an external voltage source. So that no discharge of the electrode takes place via the electrode feed, this is at least partially encased with an insulator.
  • the insulator is preferably formed of an insulating material comprising ceramics and the like.
  • the flow channel is formed as a tube, preferably as a tube with a circular cross section in the flow or longitudinal direction.
  • the electrode preferably extends centrally in this tube in the flow direction and is therefore also referred to as the center electrode.
  • the center electrode is preferably formed in wire form with a likewise circular cross-section in the flow direction.
  • electrode and tube form a kind of cylindrical capacitor.
  • the radius of the cross section the center electrode is relatively small as compared with the radius of the cross section of the pipe, and is preferably in a range of 0.5 mm or less.
  • the voltage which is applied to the electrode via the electrode feed is a high voltage and is preferably in a range around 15 kV.
  • the particles are deflected from their flow direction in the direction of the channel wall and are deposited on the channel wall.
  • a P abweisesch is provided. This effectively prevents particles deflected from their flow direction from depositing on the insulator or reduces the number of particles depositing on the insulator per unit of time.
  • the particle-repelling means is formed separately from the isolator and comprises at least one flow shield device with a heating device.
  • the heating device is adapted to heat an outer surface of the flow shield device and / or the insulator to a temperature required for a thermophoresis, which is correspondingly higher than that of the surrounding exhaust gas.
  • the heating device is designed to heat the flow shield device and / or the insulator to a temperature for burning off particles located there.
  • the flow shielding device at least partially surrounds the insulator in order to shield the insulator from the impact of particles.
  • the heating device can be integrated in and / or on the flow shield device.
  • the flow shield device can be designed in several parts with a plurality of flow shield units.
  • the flow shield device can be designed minimized in terms of their size and their distance from the insulator.
  • the heating system is characterized in that for generating energy by burning an energy source such as biomass with a particulate matter emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning the Energy carrier, particulate containing exhaust gases, an inventive electrostatic precipitator is provided.
  • the particle-repelling agent largely prevents particles, in particular electrically conductive particles, from depositing on the insulator surface. In this way, a discharge via electrically conductive particles along the insulator can be prevented and thus the functionality of the electrostatic precipitator can be effectively improved.
  • the particle repellents are simple and easy to implement. Indirect heating, in particular resistance heating, of the high-voltage insulation ceramic makes it possible to realize an easily implemented particle-repelling agent.
  • a grounded heating coil of the heater must not be hermetically encapsulated by moldable ceramics, ceramic adhesives, and the like, despite their close proximity to high voltage parts of the separator. Due to the physical separation of the electrical heating and the high-voltage supply, namely by a heated flow shield, a possibly more complex integration of the particle repelling agent can be bypassed in the insulation. By the separation similar thermophoretic effects can be achieved as with the integration in the ceramic, d. H. with a direct-acting particle repellent. As a result, an improved service life and a higher reliability of the separator can be realized.
  • the flow shield device can be designed in many different ways, so that optimum shielding of the insulator can be realized depending on the application.
  • the flow shield device can be made variable in terms of shape.
  • several flow shield devices can be provided.
  • the flow shield device can be formed from a plurality of flow shield units.
  • Fig. 1A-D schematically show four different embodiments of parts of an electrostatic precipitator 1 with Particleabweiseschn 2 to an insulator 3 in a cross-sectional plan view.
  • the separator 1 comprises an electrode 4, designed here as a spray or center electrode 4.
  • the flow direction of the exhaust gas is shown by an arrow, wherein the flow direction is substantially parallel to the orientation of the center electrode 4.
  • the insulator 3 extends substantially perpendicular to the center electrode 4, ie in the present case approximately in the plane of the drawing in and out.
  • the particle-repelling agent 2 which at least partially surrounds the insulator 3 and thus functions as a flow shield device 5, runs perpendicular to the flow direction represented by the arrow.
  • the flow shield device 5 is at least partially upstream of the insulator 3 in the flow direction.
  • the Fig. 1A to 1D differ essentially only by the formation of Prismabweisesch 2, so that in the following Fig. 1A to 1D On a detailed description of the other components of the separator 1 can be dispensed with.
  • Fig. 1A shows a trained as Prismabweisesch 2 first flow shielding device 5a, which is semicircular in cross section and approximately concentric with the insulator 3 (more precisely, its central axis in the plane of the drawing) and spaced therefrom formed.
  • the distance between the insulator 3 and the first flow shield device 5 a is minimal and approximately constant along the circumference of the insulator 3.
  • the flow shielding device 5a may be designed as a quarter or three-quarter arc, not concentric in other embodiments, but offset.
  • Fig. 1B shows a second flow shielding device 5b, which is annular in cross-section and is approximately concentric with the insulator 3 and spaced therefrom, and thus completely surrounds the insulator 3 circumferentially.
  • the distance between the insulator 3 and the second flow shield device 5b is minimal and approximately constant along the circumference of the insulator 3.
  • Fig. 1C shows a third flow shielding device 5c, which in cross-section comprises four fully circular flow shield units 5c ', which are arranged adjacent to each other. In the present case, each contact adjacent flow shield units 5c 'arranged circumferentially.
  • Fig. 1D shows a fourth flow shield device 5d, which in cross section has a fully circular flow shield unit 5d ', which substantially corresponds to one of the flow shield units 5c'.
  • the flow shield unit 5d ' is disposed adjacent to the insulator 3, spaced therefrom.
  • the flow shield devices 5a-5d according to the Fig. 1A-1D are arranged so that they each optimally shield the insulator 3 against flowing particles or reject the particles optimally.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the embodiment of the separator 1 after Fig. 1D in a sectioned side view.
  • the separator 1 comprises a flow channel 6, which is shown only partially.
  • the flow channel 6 consists of a circumferential channel wall 7, which is visible in sections, and a channel interior 8 enclosed thereby, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in the flow direction (see arrow)
  • the separator 1 comprises the center electrode 4, which extends substantially along a central axis of the flow channel 6 in the flow direction.
  • the center electrode 4 is fed via a high-voltage electrode feed 9.
  • the insulator 3 is disposed around the electrode feeder 9, so that the electrode feeder 9 is sheathed and overturning of electrons from the center electrode 4 to the electrode feeder 9 is prevented.
  • the electrode feed 9 and the insulator 3 extend substantially perpendicular to the central electrode 4, here in the radial direction, and penetrate the channel wall 7 from the channel interior 8 to the outside.
  • Parallel to the insulator 3 extends the Prismabweisesch 2, which also penetrates the channel wall 7.
  • the Prismabweisestoff 2, which is designed as a flow shielding device 5 d is arranged spaced from the insulator 3 and is formed substantially cylindrical.
  • the flow shield device 5d which comprises the flow shield unit 5d ', further comprises a heating device 10, which is designed here as a heating wire 10'.
  • the heating wire 10 ' is inserted into the flow shielding device 5d' and runs there approximately loop-shaped in the interior of the flow shield unit 5d ', so that the heating wire 10' of the Flow shield unit 5d 'is sheathed.
  • the flow shield device 5d ' is designed so that sufficient energy is released to cause a thermophoretic effect and thus reject particles from the insulator 3.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Séparateur électrostatique (1) disposé dans le conduit de gaz d'échappement d'une installation d'épuration de gaz d'échappement et présentant
    un canal d'écoulement doté d'une paroi (7) de canal et un intérieur (8) de canal dans lequel les gaz d'échappement contenant des particules s'écoulent dans une direction d'écoulement,
    une électrode (4) qui s'étend essentiellement dans la direction d'écoulement dans l'intérieur (8) du canal et
    une amenée d'électrode (9) perpendiculaire à l'électrode (4) qui alimente l'électrode (4),
    l'amenée d'électrode (9) étant entourée au moins en partie par un isolant (3),
    un moyen (2) pour repousser les particules qui empêche que les particules présentes dans les gaz d'échappement se déposent sur l'isolant (3) étant inclus, ce moyen (2) pour repousser les particules étant formé à distance de l'isolant (3) et séparément de ce dernier,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le moyen (2) pour repousser les particules comporte au moins un dispositif (5, 5a-5d) d'écran à l'écoulement doté d'un dispositif de chauffage (10, 10') et
    en ce que l'isolant (3) et le moyen (2) pour repousser les particules sont disposés essentiellement à l'intérieur (8) du canal.
  2. Séparateur électrostatique (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de chauffage (10, 10') convient pour chauffer la surface extérieure du dispositif (5, 5a-5d) d'écran à l'écoulement et/ou de l'isolant (3) à une température nécessaire pour la thermophorèse et supérieure de manière appropriée à celle des gaz d'échappement qui l'entourent.
  3. Séparateur électrostatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de chauffage (10) est configuré pour chauffer le dispositif (5, 5a-5d) d'écran à l'écoulement et/ou l'isolant (3) à une température permettant la combustion des particules qui s'y trouvent.
  4. Séparateur électrostatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (5, 5a-5d) d'écran à l'écoulement entoure au moins en partie l'isolant (3) pour protéger l'isolant (3) de l'incidence de particules.
  5. Séparateur électrostatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de chauffage (10, 10') est intégré dans et/ou sur le dispositif (5, 5a-5d) d'écran à l'écoulement.
  6. Séparateur électrostatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (5, 5c) d'écran à l'écoulement est formé en plusieurs pièces présentant plusieurs unités (5c') d'écran à l'écoulement.
  7. Séparateur électrostatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (5, 5a-5d) d'écran à l'écoulement est minimisé par rapport à l'isolant (3) en termes de taille et de distance.
  8. Système de chauffage destiné à former de l'énergie par combustion d'un porteur d'énergie, par exemple de la biomasse et présentant une installation de chauffage émettant des poussières fines, par exemple une installation de chauffage à biomasse destiné à brûler le porteur d'énergie, avec production de gaz d'échappement contenant des particules, et un séparateur électrostatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 qui précèdent.
EP20080010859 2007-06-19 2008-06-14 Précipitateur électrostatique et son système de chauffage Active EP2006023B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710028134 DE102007028134B3 (de) 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 Elektrostatischer Abscheider und Heizungssystem

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2006023A2 EP2006023A2 (fr) 2008-12-24
EP2006023A3 EP2006023A3 (fr) 2013-05-29
EP2006023B1 true EP2006023B1 (fr) 2014-11-05

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EP20080010859 Active EP2006023B1 (fr) 2007-06-19 2008-06-14 Précipitateur électrostatique et son système de chauffage

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DE (1) DE102007028134B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008015616A1 (de) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrostatischer Abscheider mit Partikelabweisemittel und Heizsystem
DE102009023522B4 (de) * 2009-05-30 2013-08-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrostatischer Abscheider mit Partikelabweisemittel und Heizungssystem

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB250499A (en) 1925-12-17 1926-04-15 Metallbank & Metallurg Ges Ag Method of and apparatus for continuously cleaning insulators used in electrical gas cleaning and dust-precipitating installations
SU1174574A1 (ru) * 1983-09-30 1985-08-23 Ворошиловградский машиностроительный институт Электрофильтр
IT1222712B (it) * 1986-10-15 1990-09-12 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh Dispositivo per elimentare nerofumo dai gas di scarico di un motore endotermico,specialmente da un motore diesel
DE3820740A1 (de) * 1988-06-18 1989-12-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Koagulator fuer einrichtungen zum reinigen von abgasen fossiler brennstoffe
US5421863A (en) * 1992-09-11 1995-06-06 Trion, Inc. Self-cleaning insulator for use in an electrostatic precipitator
JPH1047037A (ja) * 1996-07-29 1998-02-17 Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd 微粒子分離装置
DE10003816A1 (de) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-02 Opel Adam Ag Regenerierbarer Partikelfilter zum Entfernen von Rußpartikeln aus Abgasen
CH695113A5 (de) 2000-10-02 2005-12-15 Empa Vorrichtung zur Rauchgasreinigung an Kleinfeuerungen.
FR2843611B1 (fr) * 2002-08-14 2004-09-17 Faurecia Sys Echappement Electrofiltre a collecte centrale
US6888297B2 (en) * 2002-12-19 2005-05-03 Euv Llc Method and apparatus for debris mitigation for an electrical discharge source
FR2861131B1 (fr) * 2003-10-17 2008-02-22 Renault Sa Systeme de filtration electrostatique de particules de suie des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne et procede de regeneration d'un tel systeme
JP2005240634A (ja) * 2004-02-25 2005-09-08 Toyota Motor Corp 排ガス浄化プラズマリアクター
JP4292511B2 (ja) * 2004-06-21 2009-07-08 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排ガス浄化装置
DE102006057705B3 (de) 2006-12-07 2008-03-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Optimierter elektrostatischer Abscheider

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Publication number Publication date
EP2006023A2 (fr) 2008-12-24
EP2006023A3 (fr) 2013-05-29
DE102007028134B3 (de) 2008-12-18

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