EP2006023B1 - Electrostatic precipitator and its heating system - Google Patents

Electrostatic precipitator and its heating system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2006023B1
EP2006023B1 EP20080010859 EP08010859A EP2006023B1 EP 2006023 B1 EP2006023 B1 EP 2006023B1 EP 20080010859 EP20080010859 EP 20080010859 EP 08010859 A EP08010859 A EP 08010859A EP 2006023 B1 EP2006023 B1 EP 2006023B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulator
flow
electrostatic precipitator
electrode
heating
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EP20080010859
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2006023A3 (en
EP2006023A2 (en
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Dietmar Dr. Steiner
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, according to the preamble of claim 1. Further, the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by burning an energy source with an electrostatic precipitator according to the preamble of claim.
  • heating systems use appropriate emission control systems. These are to filter out in particular the harmful substances and particles in exhaust gases, so that the remaining, purified exhaust gas can be safely released to the environment.
  • emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
  • biomass heating systems where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
  • relatively high emission of particulate matter as a pollutant component is a problem in biomass heating systems.
  • an exhaust gas purification plant which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emissions.
  • the device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode for example in the form of a tensioned rod, is held over an insulating holder.
  • a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
  • Such an electrostatic filter with spray electrode and collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
  • This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system. It is through the spray, which is approximately in the middle the exhaust pipe extends and is therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and an associated, surrounding lateral surface of the exhaust pipe, a capacitor is formed, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
  • the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm).
  • a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface with field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode.
  • a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
  • a corona discharge forms, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, the particles move through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
  • the high voltage which is applied to the center electrode, is supplied via a high voltage supply from the outside to the center electrode. This generally runs transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, preferably radially to the center electrode.
  • the high voltage supply is covered with an insulator. Disadvantage of this isolation is that settle on the insulation exhaust particles, which form an electrically conductive surface on the insulator with a corresponding number of particles over which the center electrode can be discharged. This leads to failure of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • an electrostatic precipitator that has a particle repelling agent that is integrated directly into the insulator.
  • it is proposed to form a fluid flow parallel to the insulator and thus prevent the accumulation of particles on the insulator.
  • an electrostatic precipitator wherein the electrode feed is arranged outside the actual flow channel in the region of a cross-sectional narrowing of the flow channel and provided there with insulators.
  • a draft of air is generated along the outside of the flow channel to the insulators in order to prevent an accumulation of particles.
  • a lateral passage opening for the electrode supply shielded with Abweisestoffn.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which overcomes this disadvantage and in particular prevents or reduces the deposition of particles on the insulator to increase the service life of the electrostatic precipitator. Further, the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees reliable emission control.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is characterized in that, in an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, with a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, in the channel interior substantially in the flow direction extending electrode, and an electrode lead to feed the electrode, wherein the electrode lead is at least partially sheathed with an insulator, further comprising a particle repelling agent, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas from depositing on the insulator.
  • an electric field is generated in the channel interior by the electrode fed with high voltage and the channel wall acting as counter electrode.
  • the field lines run transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, preferably at right angles to the electrode.
  • an electrode feed which supplies the electrode with high voltage from an external voltage source. So that no discharge of the electrode takes place via the electrode feed, this is at least partially encased with an insulator.
  • the insulator is preferably formed of an insulating material comprising ceramics and the like.
  • the flow channel is formed as a tube, preferably as a tube with a circular cross section in the flow or longitudinal direction.
  • the electrode preferably extends centrally in this tube in the flow direction and is therefore also referred to as the center electrode.
  • the center electrode is preferably formed in wire form with a likewise circular cross-section in the flow direction.
  • electrode and tube form a kind of cylindrical capacitor.
  • the radius of the cross section the center electrode is relatively small as compared with the radius of the cross section of the pipe, and is preferably in a range of 0.5 mm or less.
  • the voltage which is applied to the electrode via the electrode feed is a high voltage and is preferably in a range around 15 kV.
  • the particles are deflected from their flow direction in the direction of the channel wall and are deposited on the channel wall.
  • a P abweisesch is provided. This effectively prevents particles deflected from their flow direction from depositing on the insulator or reduces the number of particles depositing on the insulator per unit of time.
  • the particle-repelling means is formed separately from the isolator and comprises at least one flow shield device with a heating device.
  • the heating device is adapted to heat an outer surface of the flow shield device and / or the insulator to a temperature required for a thermophoresis, which is correspondingly higher than that of the surrounding exhaust gas.
  • the heating device is designed to heat the flow shield device and / or the insulator to a temperature for burning off particles located there.
  • the flow shielding device at least partially surrounds the insulator in order to shield the insulator from the impact of particles.
  • the heating device can be integrated in and / or on the flow shield device.
  • the flow shield device can be designed in several parts with a plurality of flow shield units.
  • the flow shield device can be designed minimized in terms of their size and their distance from the insulator.
  • the heating system is characterized in that for generating energy by burning an energy source such as biomass with a particulate matter emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning the Energy carrier, particulate containing exhaust gases, an inventive electrostatic precipitator is provided.
  • the particle-repelling agent largely prevents particles, in particular electrically conductive particles, from depositing on the insulator surface. In this way, a discharge via electrically conductive particles along the insulator can be prevented and thus the functionality of the electrostatic precipitator can be effectively improved.
  • the particle repellents are simple and easy to implement. Indirect heating, in particular resistance heating, of the high-voltage insulation ceramic makes it possible to realize an easily implemented particle-repelling agent.
  • a grounded heating coil of the heater must not be hermetically encapsulated by moldable ceramics, ceramic adhesives, and the like, despite their close proximity to high voltage parts of the separator. Due to the physical separation of the electrical heating and the high-voltage supply, namely by a heated flow shield, a possibly more complex integration of the particle repelling agent can be bypassed in the insulation. By the separation similar thermophoretic effects can be achieved as with the integration in the ceramic, d. H. with a direct-acting particle repellent. As a result, an improved service life and a higher reliability of the separator can be realized.
  • the flow shield device can be designed in many different ways, so that optimum shielding of the insulator can be realized depending on the application.
  • the flow shield device can be made variable in terms of shape.
  • several flow shield devices can be provided.
  • the flow shield device can be formed from a plurality of flow shield units.
  • Fig. 1A-D schematically show four different embodiments of parts of an electrostatic precipitator 1 with Particleabweiseschn 2 to an insulator 3 in a cross-sectional plan view.
  • the separator 1 comprises an electrode 4, designed here as a spray or center electrode 4.
  • the flow direction of the exhaust gas is shown by an arrow, wherein the flow direction is substantially parallel to the orientation of the center electrode 4.
  • the insulator 3 extends substantially perpendicular to the center electrode 4, ie in the present case approximately in the plane of the drawing in and out.
  • the particle-repelling agent 2 which at least partially surrounds the insulator 3 and thus functions as a flow shield device 5, runs perpendicular to the flow direction represented by the arrow.
  • the flow shield device 5 is at least partially upstream of the insulator 3 in the flow direction.
  • the Fig. 1A to 1D differ essentially only by the formation of Prismabweisesch 2, so that in the following Fig. 1A to 1D On a detailed description of the other components of the separator 1 can be dispensed with.
  • Fig. 1A shows a trained as Prismabweisesch 2 first flow shielding device 5a, which is semicircular in cross section and approximately concentric with the insulator 3 (more precisely, its central axis in the plane of the drawing) and spaced therefrom formed.
  • the distance between the insulator 3 and the first flow shield device 5 a is minimal and approximately constant along the circumference of the insulator 3.
  • the flow shielding device 5a may be designed as a quarter or three-quarter arc, not concentric in other embodiments, but offset.
  • Fig. 1B shows a second flow shielding device 5b, which is annular in cross-section and is approximately concentric with the insulator 3 and spaced therefrom, and thus completely surrounds the insulator 3 circumferentially.
  • the distance between the insulator 3 and the second flow shield device 5b is minimal and approximately constant along the circumference of the insulator 3.
  • Fig. 1C shows a third flow shielding device 5c, which in cross-section comprises four fully circular flow shield units 5c ', which are arranged adjacent to each other. In the present case, each contact adjacent flow shield units 5c 'arranged circumferentially.
  • Fig. 1D shows a fourth flow shield device 5d, which in cross section has a fully circular flow shield unit 5d ', which substantially corresponds to one of the flow shield units 5c'.
  • the flow shield unit 5d ' is disposed adjacent to the insulator 3, spaced therefrom.
  • the flow shield devices 5a-5d according to the Fig. 1A-1D are arranged so that they each optimally shield the insulator 3 against flowing particles or reject the particles optimally.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the embodiment of the separator 1 after Fig. 1D in a sectioned side view.
  • the separator 1 comprises a flow channel 6, which is shown only partially.
  • the flow channel 6 consists of a circumferential channel wall 7, which is visible in sections, and a channel interior 8 enclosed thereby, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in the flow direction (see arrow)
  • the separator 1 comprises the center electrode 4, which extends substantially along a central axis of the flow channel 6 in the flow direction.
  • the center electrode 4 is fed via a high-voltage electrode feed 9.
  • the insulator 3 is disposed around the electrode feeder 9, so that the electrode feeder 9 is sheathed and overturning of electrons from the center electrode 4 to the electrode feeder 9 is prevented.
  • the electrode feed 9 and the insulator 3 extend substantially perpendicular to the central electrode 4, here in the radial direction, and penetrate the channel wall 7 from the channel interior 8 to the outside.
  • Parallel to the insulator 3 extends the Prismabweisesch 2, which also penetrates the channel wall 7.
  • the Prismabweisestoff 2, which is designed as a flow shielding device 5 d is arranged spaced from the insulator 3 and is formed substantially cylindrical.
  • the flow shield device 5d which comprises the flow shield unit 5d ', further comprises a heating device 10, which is designed here as a heating wire 10'.
  • the heating wire 10 ' is inserted into the flow shielding device 5d' and runs there approximately loop-shaped in the interior of the flow shield unit 5d ', so that the heating wire 10' of the Flow shield unit 5d 'is sheathed.
  • the flow shield device 5d ' is designed so that sufficient energy is released to cause a thermophoretic effect and thus reject particles from the insulator 3.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrostatischen Abscheider, insbesondere für eine Abgasleitung einer Abgasreinigungsanlage, nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Weiter betrifft die Erfindung ein Heizungssystem zur Erzeugung von Energie mittels Verbrennen von einem Energieträger mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 8.The invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, according to the preamble of claim 1. Further, the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by burning an energy source with an electrostatic precipitator according to the preamble of claim.

Aufgrund der Emissionen von Heizungsanlagen und globaler Bemühungen, derartige Emissionen zu reduzieren, werden bei Heizungsanlagen entsprechende Abgasreinigungsanlagen verwendet. Diese sollen insbesondere die schädlichen Stoffe und Partikel in Abgasen herausfiltern, so dass das verbleibende, gereinigte Abgas bedenkenlos an die Umwelt abgegeben werden kann. Insbesondere werden derartige Abgasreinigungsanlagen bei Biomasse-Heizanlagen eingesetzt, bei denen neben ansonsten ökonomischen und ökologischen Vorteilen eine erhöhte Emission an Schadstoffen in den Abgasen auftreten kann. Gerade die relativ hohe Emission an Feinstaub als ein Schadstoffanteil ist bei Biomasse-Heizungsanlagen ein Problem.Due to emissions from heating systems and global efforts to reduce such emissions, heating systems use appropriate emission control systems. These are to filter out in particular the harmful substances and particles in exhaust gases, so that the remaining, purified exhaust gas can be safely released to the environment. In particular, such emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur. Especially the relatively high emission of particulate matter as a pollutant component is a problem in biomass heating systems.

Aus der EP 1 193 445 A2 ist eine Abgasreinigungsanlage bekannt, welche für Biomasse-Heizungsanlagen zur Verringerung von Feinstaubemissionen verwendet wird. Die dort beschriebene Vorrichtung ist in einen Rauchgaskanal einbaubar und weist hierzu einen Deckel auf, der gasdicht auf eine zugehörige Öffnung an einem Rauchgaskanal aufsetzbar ist. An der Innenseite des Deckels ist über eine isolierende Halterung eine Sprühelektrode, zum Beispiel in Form eines gespannten Stabes, gehalten. Ein HochspannungsTransformator mit Gleichrichterfunktion erlaubt den Aufbau einer hohen Gleichspannung zwischen dem Draht und dem Deckel, welcher elektrisch leitend mit dem Ofenrohr verbunden ist, so dass dieses als Kollektorelektrode wirkt.From the EP 1 193 445 A2 is known an exhaust gas purification plant, which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emissions. The device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel. On the inside of the lid, a spray electrode, for example in the form of a tensioned rod, is held over an insulating holder. A high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.

Ein derartiger Elektrofilter mit Sprühelektrode und Kollektorelektrode ist auch bekannt als elektrostatischer Abscheider. Dieser wird zur Abgasreinigung in einer Abgasleitung einer Heizungsanlage eingesetzt. Dabei wird durch die Sprühelektrode, welche etwa mittig durch die Abgasleitung verläuft und deshalb auch als Mittelelektrode bezeichnet wird, und einer zugeordneten, umgebenden Mantelfläche der Abgasleitung ein Kondensator gebildet, der bei einer zylinderrohrförmigen Ausbildung der Abgasleitung auch als Zylinderkondensator bezeichnet wird. Die Sprüh- oder Mittelelektrode weist dabei in der Regel einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases auf, wobei der Durchmesser des Querschnitts oder auch der Krümmungsradius im Allgemeinen relativ klein ausgebildet ist (zum Beispiel kleiner als 0,4 mm). Um nun die Schadstoffe, genauer die nicht an die Umwelt abzugebenden Partikel, des Abgases aus dem Abgasstrom abzuscheiden, wird durch die Mittelelektrode und die durch die Mantelfläche gebildete Kollektorelektrode ein quer zur Strömungsrichtung verlaufendes Feld mit Feldlinien von der Mittelelektrode zur Kollektorelektrode gebildet. Hierzu wird an die Mittelelektrode eine Hochspannung angelegt, zum Beispiel in dem Bereich von 15 kV. Dadurch bildet sich eine CoronaEntladung aus, durch welche die in dem Abgas durch das Feld strömenden Partikel unipolar aufgeladen werden. Aufgrund dieser Aufladung wandern die Partikel durch die elektrostatischen Coulomb-Kräfte zur Innenwand der Abgasleitung, welche als Kollektorelektrode dient.Such an electrostatic filter with spray electrode and collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator. This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system. It is through the spray, which is approximately in the middle the exhaust pipe extends and is therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and an associated, surrounding lateral surface of the exhaust pipe, a capacitor is formed, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe. The spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm). In order to deposit the pollutants, more precisely the particles not to be emitted to the environment, of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas flow, a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface with field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode. For this purpose, a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV. As a result, a corona discharge forms, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, the particles move through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.

Die Hochspannung, welche an der Mittelelektrode anliegt, wird über eine Hochspannungszuführung von außen zur Mittelelektrode zugeführt. Diese verläuft in der Regel quer zu der Strömungsrichtung des Abgases, bevorzugt radial zu der Mittelelektrode. Um ein frühzeitiges Durchschlagen der Hochspannung zu der Innenwand der Abgasleitung zu verhindern, ist die Hochspannungszuführung mit einem Isolator ummantelt. Nachteil an dieser Isolierung ist, dass sich auf der Isolierung Abgaspartikel absetzen, welche bei entsprechender Anzahl an Partikel eine elektrisch leitende Oberfläche auf dem Isolator bilden, über welche die Mittelelektrode entladen werden kann. Dies führt zu einem Versagen des elektrostatischen Abscheiders.The high voltage, which is applied to the center electrode, is supplied via a high voltage supply from the outside to the center electrode. This generally runs transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, preferably radially to the center electrode. In order to prevent an early penetration of the high voltage to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, the high voltage supply is covered with an insulator. Disadvantage of this isolation is that settle on the insulation exhaust particles, which form an electrically conductive surface on the insulator with a corresponding number of particles over which the center electrode can be discharged. This leads to failure of the electrostatic precipitator.

Aus der nachveröffentlichten EP 1 930 081 A2 ist ein elektrostatischer Abscheider bekannt, der ein Partikelabweisemittel aufweist, dass direkt in den Isolator integriert ist. Alternativ wird vorgeschlagen, eine Fluidströmung parallel zum Isolator auszubilden und so die Anlagerung von Partikeln am Isolator zu verhindern.From the post-published EP 1 930 081 A2 For example, an electrostatic precipitator is known that has a particle repelling agent that is integrated directly into the insulator. Alternatively, it is proposed to form a fluid flow parallel to the insulator and thus prevent the accumulation of particles on the insulator.

In GB 250,499 wird ein elekrostatischer Abscheider beschrieben, wobei die Elektrodenzuführung außerhalb des eigentlichen Strömungskanals im Bereich einer Querschnittsverengnung des Strömungskanals angeordnet und dort mit Isolatoren versehen ist. Dabei wird ein Luftzug entlang der Außenseite des Strömungskanals zu den Isolatoren erzeugt, um eine Anlagerung von Partikeln zu verhindern. Zusätzlich sind eine seitliche Durchführungsöffnung für die Elektrodenzuführung mit Abweisemitteln abgeschirmt.In GB 250,499 an electrostatic precipitator is described, wherein the electrode feed is arranged outside the actual flow channel in the region of a cross-sectional narrowing of the flow channel and provided there with insulators. In this case, a draft of air is generated along the outside of the flow channel to the insulators in order to prevent an accumulation of particles. In addition are a lateral passage opening for the electrode supply shielded with Abweisemitteln.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen elektrostatischen Abscheider zu schaffen, der diesen Nachteil überwindet und der insbesondere eine Ablagerung von Partikeln auf dem Isolator verhindert oder reduziert, um die Funktionsdauer des elektrostatischen Abscheiders zu erhöhen. Weiter liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Heizungsanlage mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Abscheider zu schaffen, die eine zuverlässige Abgasreinigung garantiert.The invention has for its object to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which overcomes this disadvantage and in particular prevents or reduces the deposition of particles on the insulator to increase the service life of the electrostatic precipitator. Further, the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees reliable emission control.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 und des Patentanspruchs 8 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This is achieved by the objects with the features of claim 1 and of claim 8 according to the invention. Advantageous developments can be found in the dependent claims.

Der elektrostatische Abscheider ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem erfindungsgemäßen elektrostatischen Abscheider, insbesondere für eine Abgasleitung einer Abgasreinigungsanlage, mit einem Strömungskanal mit einer Kanalwandung und einem Kanalinneren, durch welchen ein partikelbeinhaltendes Abgas in einer Strömungsrichtung strömt, einer sich in dem Kanalinneren im Wesentlichen in Strömungsrichtung erstreckenden Elektrode, und einer Elektrodenzuführung, um die Elektrode zu speisen, wobei die Elektrodenzuführung mit einem Isolator zumindest teilweise ummantelt ist, weiter ein Partikelabweisemittel umfasst ist, welches verhindert, dass sich Partikel des Abgases an dem Isolator ablagern.The electrostatic precipitator is characterized in that, in an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention, in particular for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system, with a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, in the channel interior substantially in the flow direction extending electrode, and an electrode lead to feed the electrode, wherein the electrode lead is at least partially sheathed with an insulator, further comprising a particle repelling agent, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas from depositing on the insulator.

In dem Strömungskanal ist durch die mit Hochspannung gespeiste Elektrode und die als Gegenelektrode fungierende Kanalwandung ein elektrisches Feld in dem Kanalinneren erzeugt. Dabei verlaufen die Feldlinien quer zur Strömungsrichtung des Abgases, bevorzugt rechtwinklig zur Elektrode. Quer zur Elektrode ist eine Elektrodenzuführung vorgesehen, welche die Elektrode mit Hochspannung von einer externen Spannungsquelle versorgt. Damit keine Entladung der Elektrode über die Elektrodenzuführung erfolgt, ist diese mit einem Isolator zumindest teilweise ummantelt. Der Isolator ist bevorzugt aus einem isolierenden Material umfassend Keramik und dergleichen gebildet.In the flow channel, an electric field is generated in the channel interior by the electrode fed with high voltage and the channel wall acting as counter electrode. The field lines run transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, preferably at right angles to the electrode. Arranged transversely to the electrode is an electrode feed which supplies the electrode with high voltage from an external voltage source. So that no discharge of the electrode takes place via the electrode feed, this is at least partially encased with an insulator. The insulator is preferably formed of an insulating material comprising ceramics and the like.

In einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Strömungskanal als Rohr ausgebildet, bevorzugt als Rohr mit einem kreisförmigen Querschnitt in Strömungs- oder Längsrichtung. Die Elektrode erstreckt sich bevorzugt mittig in diesem Rohr in Strömungsrichtung und wird deshalb auch als Mittelelektrode bezeichnet. Die Mittelelektrode ist vorzugsweise drahtförmig mit einem ebenfalls kreisförmigen Querschnitt in Strömungsrichtung ausgebildet. Damit bilden Elektrode und Rohr eine Art Zylinderkondensator. Der Radius des Querschnitts den Mittelelektrode ist, verglichen mit dem Radius des Querschnitts des Rohrs, relativ klein und liegt bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 0,5 mm oder weniger. Die Spannung, welche über die Elektrodenzuführung an der Elektrode angelegt wird, ist eine Hochspannung und liegt bevorzugt in einem Bereich um die 15 kV.In one embodiment, the flow channel is formed as a tube, preferably as a tube with a circular cross section in the flow or longitudinal direction. The electrode preferably extends centrally in this tube in the flow direction and is therefore also referred to as the center electrode. The center electrode is preferably formed in wire form with a likewise circular cross-section in the flow direction. Thus electrode and tube form a kind of cylindrical capacitor. The radius of the cross section the center electrode is relatively small as compared with the radius of the cross section of the pipe, and is preferably in a range of 0.5 mm or less. The voltage which is applied to the electrode via the electrode feed is a high voltage and is preferably in a range around 15 kV.

In dem elektrischen Feld im Kanalinneren werden die Partikel aus ihrer Strömungsrichtung in Richtung der Kanalwandung abgelenkt und lagern sich an der Kanalwandung ab. Um zu verhindern, dass sich Partikel auf dem Isolator, der in das Kanalinnere zu der Elektrode hineinragt, ablagern, ist ein Partikelabweisemittel vorgesehen. Dies verhindert wirkungsvoll, dass aus ihrer Strömungsrichtung abgelenkte Partikel sich auf dem Isolator ablagern oder reduziert die Anzahl der sich auf dem Isolator ablagernden Partikel pro Zeiteinheit.In the electric field in the channel interior, the particles are deflected from their flow direction in the direction of the channel wall and are deposited on the channel wall. In order to prevent particles from depositing on the insulator, which projects into the channel interior to the electrode, a Partikelabweisemittel is provided. This effectively prevents particles deflected from their flow direction from depositing on the insulator or reduces the number of particles depositing on the insulator per unit of time.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das Partikelabweisemittel beabstandet zu dem Isolator separat ausgebildet und umfasst mindestens eine Strömungsschildeinrichtung mit einer Heizeinrichtung.According to the invention, the particle-repelling means is formed separately from the isolator and comprises at least one flow shield device with a heating device.

Noch ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass die Heizeinrichtung geeignet ist, eine äußere Oberfläche der Strömungsschildeinrichtung und/oder des Isolators auf eine für eine Thermophorese erforderliche Temperatur, die entsprechend höher ist, als die des umgebenden Abgase, aufzuwärmen.Yet another embodiment provides that the heating device is adapted to heat an outer surface of the flow shield device and / or the insulator to a temperature required for a thermophoresis, which is correspondingly higher than that of the surrounding exhaust gas.

In einer Ausführungsform ist die Heizeinrichtung ausgebildet, um die Strömungsschildeinrichtung und/oder den Isolator auf eine Temperatur zum Abbrennen von dort befindlichen Partikeln zu erwärmen.In one embodiment, the heating device is designed to heat the flow shield device and / or the insulator to a temperature for burning off particles located there.

Zudem ist in einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die Strömungsschildeinrichtung den Isolator zumindest teilweise umgibt, um den Isolator vor dem Auftreffen von Partikeln abzuschirmen.In addition, in one embodiment it is provided that the flow shielding device at least partially surrounds the insulator in order to shield the insulator from the impact of particles.

Die Heizeinrichtung kann in und/oder an der Strömungsschildeinrichtung integriert sein. Insbesondere kann die Strömungsschildeinrichtung mehrteilig mit mehreren Strömungsschildeinheiten ausgebildet sein. Dabei kann die Strömungsschildeinrichtung hinsichtlich ihrer Größe und ihres Abstandes zu dem Isolator minimiert ausgebildet sein.The heating device can be integrated in and / or on the flow shield device. In particular, the flow shield device can be designed in several parts with a plurality of flow shield units. In this case, the flow shield device can be designed minimized in terms of their size and their distance from the insulator.

Das Heizungssystem ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erzeugung von Energie mittels Verbrennen von einem Energieträger wie Biomasse mit einer Feinstaub emittierendenHeizungsanlage wie eine Biomasse-Heizungsanlage zum Verbrennen des Energieträgers, wobei partikelbeinhaltende Abgase entstehen, ein erfindungsgemäßer elektrostatischer Abscheider vorgesehen ist.The heating system is characterized in that for generating energy by burning an energy source such as biomass with a particulate matter emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning the Energy carrier, particulate containing exhaust gases, an inventive electrostatic precipitator is provided.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen elektrostatischen Abscheider und dem erfindungsgemäßen Heizungssystem werden insbesondere die folgenden Vorteile realisiert:With the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention and the heating system according to the invention, the following advantages are realized in particular:

Durch das Partikelabweisemittel wird weitestgehend verhindert, dass sich Partikel, insbesondere elektrisch leitende Partikel, auf der Isolatoroberfläche ablagern. Hierdurch kann eine Entladung über elektrisch leitende Partikel entlang des Isolators verhindert werden und es lässt sich somit die Funktionsfähigkeit des elektrostatischen Abscheiders wirkungsvoll verbessern.The particle-repelling agent largely prevents particles, in particular electrically conductive particles, from depositing on the insulator surface. In this way, a discharge via electrically conductive particles along the insulator can be prevented and thus the functionality of the electrostatic precipitator can be effectively improved.

Die Partikelabweisemittel sind einfach aufgebaut und lassen sich leicht realisieren. Durch die indirekte Beheizung, insbesondere Widerstandsbeheizung, der Hochspannungs-Isolationskeramik lässt sich ein leicht zu realisierendes Partikelabweisemittel realisieren. So muss eine geerdete Heizwicklung der Heizeinrichtung trotz ihrer nahen Anordnung an hochspannungsführenden Teilen des Abscheiders nicht durch gießfähige Keramik, keramische Klebstoffe und dergleichen hermetisch eingekapselt sein. Durch die bauliche Trennung der elektrischen Beheizung und der Hochspannungszuführung, nämlich durch ein beheiztes Strömungsschild ist eine unter Umständen aufwendigere Integration der Partikelabweisemittel in die Isolation umgehbar. Durch die Trennung lassen sich vergleichbare thermophoretische Effekte erzielen wie bei der Integration in der Keramik, d. h. bei einem direkt wirkenden Partikelabweisemittel. Hierdurch lässt sich eine verbesserte Standzeit sowie eine höhere Betriebssicherheit des Abscheiders realisieren.The particle repellents are simple and easy to implement. Indirect heating, in particular resistance heating, of the high-voltage insulation ceramic makes it possible to realize an easily implemented particle-repelling agent. Thus, a grounded heating coil of the heater must not be hermetically encapsulated by moldable ceramics, ceramic adhesives, and the like, despite their close proximity to high voltage parts of the separator. Due to the physical separation of the electrical heating and the high-voltage supply, namely by a heated flow shield, a possibly more complex integration of the particle repelling agent can be bypassed in the insulation. By the separation similar thermophoretic effects can be achieved as with the integration in the ceramic, d. H. with a direct-acting particle repellent. As a result, an improved service life and a higher reliability of the separator can be realized.

Die Strömungsschildeinrichtung kann auf unterschiedlichste Weisen ausgeführt sein, so dass eine optimale Abschirmung des Isolators je nach Anwendungsfall realisierbar ist. Die Strömungsschildeinrichtung kann hinsichtlich der Form variierbar ausgeführt werden. Zudem lassen sich mehrere Strömungsschildeinrichtungen vorsehen. Die Strömungsschildeinrichtung kann aus mehreren Strömungsschildeinheiten ausgebildet sein.The flow shield device can be designed in many different ways, so that optimum shielding of the insulator can be realized depending on the application. The flow shield device can be made variable in terms of shape. In addition, several flow shield devices can be provided. The flow shield device can be formed from a plurality of flow shield units.

Die Zeichnungen stellen mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dar und zeigen in mehreren Figuren:

  • Fig. 1A-D schematisch vier verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Teilen eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders mit Partikelabweisemitteln um einen Isolator in einer quer geschnittenen Draufsicht und
  • Fig. 2 schematisch die Ausführungsform des Abscheiders nach Fig. 1D in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht.
The drawings illustrate several embodiments of the invention and show in several figures:
  • Fig. 1A-D schematically, four different embodiments of parts of an electrostatic precipitator with Partikelabweisemitteln to an insulator in a cross-sectional plan view and
  • Fig. 2 schematically the embodiment of the separator according to Fig. 1D in a sectioned side view.

Fig. 1A-D zeigen schematisch vier verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Teilen eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders 1 mit Partikelabweisemitteln 2 um einen Isolator 3 in einer quer geschnittenen Draufsicht. Der Abscheider 1 umfasst eine Elektrode 4, hier als Sprüh- oder Mittelelektrode 4 ausgebildet. Zudem ist in den Figuren die Strömungsrichtung des Abgases durch einen Pfeil dargestellt, wobei die Strömungsrichtung im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Ausrichtung der Mittelelektrode 4 verläuft. Der Isolator 3 verläuft im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Mittelelektrode 4, d. h. vorliegend etwa in die Zeichenebene hinein bzw. hinaus. Analog zum Isolator 3 verläuft das Partikelabweisemittel 2, welches den Isolator 3 zumindest teilweise umgibt und somit als Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5 fungiert, senkrecht zu der durch den Pfeil dargestellten Strömungsrichtung. Die Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5 ist zumindest teilweise dem Isolator 3 in Strömungsrichtung vorgelagert. Die Fig. 1A bis 1D unterscheiden sich im Wesentlichen nur durch die Ausbildung der Partikelabweisemittel 2, so dass im Folgenden bei den Fig. 1A bis 1D auf eine ausführliche Beschreibung der der anderen Bauteile des Abscheiders 1 verzichtet werden kann. Fig. 1A-D schematically show four different embodiments of parts of an electrostatic precipitator 1 with Particleabweisemitteln 2 to an insulator 3 in a cross-sectional plan view. The separator 1 comprises an electrode 4, designed here as a spray or center electrode 4. In addition, in the figures, the flow direction of the exhaust gas is shown by an arrow, wherein the flow direction is substantially parallel to the orientation of the center electrode 4. The insulator 3 extends substantially perpendicular to the center electrode 4, ie in the present case approximately in the plane of the drawing in and out. Analogous to the insulator 3, the particle-repelling agent 2, which at least partially surrounds the insulator 3 and thus functions as a flow shield device 5, runs perpendicular to the flow direction represented by the arrow. The flow shield device 5 is at least partially upstream of the insulator 3 in the flow direction. The Fig. 1A to 1D differ essentially only by the formation of Partikelabweisemittel 2, so that in the following Fig. 1A to 1D On a detailed description of the other components of the separator 1 can be dispensed with.

Fig. 1A zeigt eine als Partikelabweisemittel 2 ausgebildete erste Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5a, welche im Querschnitt halbkreisförmig ausgebildet ist und etwa konzentrisch zu dem Isolator 3 (genauer dessen Mittelachse in die Zeichnungsebene) und beabstandet zu dieser ausgebildet ist. Der Abstand zwischen Isolator 3 und erster Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5a ist minimal und entlang des Umfangs des Isolators 3 in etwa konstant. In anderen Ausgestaltungen kann die Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5a als viertel- oder dreiviertel Bogen gestaltet sein, in noch anderen Ausgestaltungen nicht konzentrisch, sondern versetzt. Fig. 1A shows a trained as Partikelabweisemittel 2 first flow shielding device 5a, which is semicircular in cross section and approximately concentric with the insulator 3 (more precisely, its central axis in the plane of the drawing) and spaced therefrom formed. The distance between the insulator 3 and the first flow shield device 5 a is minimal and approximately constant along the circumference of the insulator 3. In other embodiments, the flow shielding device 5a may be designed as a quarter or three-quarter arc, not concentric in other embodiments, but offset.

Fig. 1B zeigt eine zweite Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5b, welche im Querschnitt ringförmig ausgebildet ist und etwa konzentrisch zu dem Isolator 3 und beabstandet zu diesem ausgebildet ist und somit den Isolator 3 umfänglich komplett umgibt. Der Abstand zwischen Isolator 3 und zweiter Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5b ist minimal und entlang des Umfangs des Isolators 3 in etwa konstant. Fig. 1B shows a second flow shielding device 5b, which is annular in cross-section and is approximately concentric with the insulator 3 and spaced therefrom, and thus completely surrounds the insulator 3 circumferentially. The distance between the insulator 3 and the second flow shield device 5b is minimal and approximately constant along the circumference of the insulator 3.

Fig. 1C zeigt eine dritte Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5c, welche im Querschnitt vier vollkreisförmig ausgebildete Strömungsschildeinheiten 5c' umfasst, die benachbart zueinander angeordnet sind. Vorliegend kontaktieren sich die jeweils benachbart zueinander angeordneten Strömungsschildeinheiten 5c' umfänglich. Die vier Strömungsschildeinheiten 5c' sind auf einem Bogen, welcher konzentrisch zu dem Isolator 3 verläuft, angeordnet. Dabei sind die vier Strömungsschildeinheiten 5c' in Strömungsrichtung dem Isolator 3 vorgelagert angeordnet. In anderen Ausgestaltungen sind mehr als vier, beispielsweise 7 Strömungsschildeinheiten 5c vorgesehen oder weniger als vier, beispielsweise drei. Fig. 1C shows a third flow shielding device 5c, which in cross-section comprises four fully circular flow shield units 5c ', which are arranged adjacent to each other. In the present case, each contact adjacent flow shield units 5c 'arranged circumferentially. The four flow shield units 5c 'are arranged on an arc concentric with the insulator 3. The four flow shield units 5c 'are arranged upstream of the insulator 3 in the flow direction. In other embodiments, more than four, for example, 7 flow shield units 5c are provided or less than four, for example three.

Fig. 1D zeigt eine vierte Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5d, welche im Querschnitt eine vollkreisförmige Strömungsschildeinheit 5d' aufweist, welche im Wesentlichen einer der Strömungsschildeinheiten 5c' entspricht. Die Strömungsschildeinheit 5d' ist benachbart zu dem Isolator 3, beabstandet zu diesem, angeordnet. Fig. 1D shows a fourth flow shield device 5d, which in cross section has a fully circular flow shield unit 5d ', which substantially corresponds to one of the flow shield units 5c'. The flow shield unit 5d 'is disposed adjacent to the insulator 3, spaced therefrom.

Die Strömungsschildeinrichtungen 5a-5d gemäß den Fig. 1A-1D sind so angeordnet, dass sie jeweils den Isolator 3 optimal gegen strömende Partikel abschirmen oder die Partikel optimal abweisen.The flow shield devices 5a-5d according to the Fig. 1A-1D are arranged so that they each optimally shield the insulator 3 against flowing particles or reject the particles optimally.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch die Ausführungsform des Abscheiders 1 nach Fig. 1D in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht. Der Abscheider 1 umfasst in der dargestellten Ausführungsform einen nur teilweise dargestellten Strömungskanal 6. Der Strömungskanal 6 besteht aus einer umlaufenden Kanalwandung 7, welche abschnittsweise sichtbar ist, und einem davon eingeschlossenen Kanalinneren 8, durch welchen ein partikelbeinhaltendes Abgas in der Strömungsrichtung (siehe Pfeil) strömt. Weiter umfasst der Abscheider 1 die Mittelelektrode 4, welche sich im Wesentlichen entlang einer Mittelachse des Strömungskanals 6 in Strömungsrichtung erstreckt. Die Mittelelektrode 4 wird über eine Hochspannungs-Elektrodenzuführung 9 gespeist. Um die Elektrodenzuführung 9 ist der Isolator 3 angeordnet, so dass die Elektrodenzuführung 9 ummantelt ist und ein Überschlagen von Elektronen von der Mittelelektrode 4 zu der Elektrodenzuführung 9 verhindert wird. Die Elektrodenzuführung 9 und der Isolator 3 verlaufen im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Mittelektrode 4, hier in radialer Richtung, und durchdringen die Kanalwandung 7 vom Kanalinneren 8 nach außen. Parallel zu dem Isolator 3 verläuft das Partikelabweisemittel 2, welches ebenfalls die Kanalwandung 7 durchdringt. Das Partikelabweisemittel 2, welches als Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5d ausgebildet ist, ist beabstandet zu dem Isolator 3 angeordnet und ist im Wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildet. Die Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5d, welche die Strömungsschildeinheit 5d' umfasst, umfasst weiter eine Heizeinrichtung 10, welche hier als Heizdraht 10' ausgebildet ist. Der Heizdraht 10' wird in die Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5d' eingeführt und verläuft dort in etwa schleifenförmig im Inneren der Strömungsschildeinheit 5d', so dass der Heizdraht 10' von der Strömungsschildeinheit 5d' ummantelt ist. Dabei ist die Strömungsschildeinrichtung 5d' jedoch so ausgebildet, dass ausreichend Energie abgegeben wird, um einen thermophoretischen Effekt zu bewirken und damit Partikel von dem Isolator 3 abzuweisen. Fig. 2 schematically shows the embodiment of the separator 1 after Fig. 1D in a sectioned side view. In the illustrated embodiment, the separator 1 comprises a flow channel 6, which is shown only partially. The flow channel 6 consists of a circumferential channel wall 7, which is visible in sections, and a channel interior 8 enclosed thereby, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in the flow direction (see arrow) , Furthermore, the separator 1 comprises the center electrode 4, which extends substantially along a central axis of the flow channel 6 in the flow direction. The center electrode 4 is fed via a high-voltage electrode feed 9. The insulator 3 is disposed around the electrode feeder 9, so that the electrode feeder 9 is sheathed and overturning of electrons from the center electrode 4 to the electrode feeder 9 is prevented. The electrode feed 9 and the insulator 3 extend substantially perpendicular to the central electrode 4, here in the radial direction, and penetrate the channel wall 7 from the channel interior 8 to the outside. Parallel to the insulator 3 extends the Partikelabweisemittel 2, which also penetrates the channel wall 7. The Partikelabweisemittel 2, which is designed as a flow shielding device 5 d, is arranged spaced from the insulator 3 and is formed substantially cylindrical. The flow shield device 5d, which comprises the flow shield unit 5d ', further comprises a heating device 10, which is designed here as a heating wire 10'. The heating wire 10 'is inserted into the flow shielding device 5d' and runs there approximately loop-shaped in the interior of the flow shield unit 5d ', so that the heating wire 10' of the Flow shield unit 5d 'is sheathed. However, the flow shield device 5d 'is designed so that sufficient energy is released to cause a thermophoretic effect and thus reject particles from the insulator 3.

Claims (8)

  1. Electrostatic precipitator (1) in an exhaust gas line of an exhaust gas purification system, the flow duct having a duct wall (7) and a duct interior (8), through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, with an electrode (4) extending essentially in the flow direction in the duct interior (8), and with an electrode feed (9) perpendicular to the electrode (4), in order to feed the electrode (4), the electrode feed (9) being at least partially sheathed with an insulator (3), and, further, a particle repulsion means being comprised, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas from settling on the insulator (3), the said particle repulsion means (2) being formed at a distance from and separately from the insulator (3), characterized in that the particle repulsion means (2) comprises at least one flow shield device (5, 5a-5d) with a heating device (10, 10'), and in that the insulator (3) and the particle repulsion means (2) are arranged essentially in the duct interior (8).
  2. Electrostatic precipitator (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heating device (10, 10') is suitable for heating an outer surface of the flow shield device (5, 5a-5d) and/or of the insulator (3) to a temperature which is necessary for thermophoresis and which is correspondingly higher than that of the surrounding exhaust gas.
  3. Electrostatic precipitator (1) according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the heating device (10) is designed to heat the flow shield device (5, 5a-5d) and/or the insulator (3) to a temperature for burning off particles located there.
  4. Electrostatic precipitator (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flow shield device (5, 5a-5d) at least partially surrounds the insulator (3) in order to shield the insulator (3) from the impingement of particles.
  5. Electrostatic precipitator (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heating device (10, 10') is integrated in and/or on the flow shield device (5, 5a-5d).
  6. Electrostatic precipitator (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flow shield device (5, 5c) is of multi-part design with a plurality of flow shield units (5c').
  7. Electrostatic precipitator (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flow shield device (5, 5a-5d) is minimized in respect of its size and of its distance from the insulator (3).
  8. Heating system for the generation of energy by means of the combustion of an energy carrier, such as biomass, with a heating plant emitting fine dust, such as a biomass heating plant for the combustion of the energy carrier, particle-containing exhaust gases arising, and with an electrostatic precipitator (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 7.
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