EP1761338B1 - Procede et unite de commande pour reguler une tension de service et pour controler l'usure d'un dispositif pour la separation electrostatique des particules dans des flux gazeux - Google Patents

Procede et unite de commande pour reguler une tension de service et pour controler l'usure d'un dispositif pour la separation electrostatique des particules dans des flux gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1761338B1
EP1761338B1 EP05742112A EP05742112A EP1761338B1 EP 1761338 B1 EP1761338 B1 EP 1761338B1 EP 05742112 A EP05742112 A EP 05742112A EP 05742112 A EP05742112 A EP 05742112A EP 1761338 B1 EP1761338 B1 EP 1761338B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
flue gas
wear
operating voltage
controlling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05742112A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1761338A1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Schmatloch
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Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
EMPA
Original Assignee
Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
EMPA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting the wear of the spray electrode on a device for electrostatic particle separation in gas streams.
  • the method is particularly suitable for certain embodiments of such devices for cleaning or filtering the flue gas of small furnaces. With the application of the method also makes it possible to detect any deposits on the spray electrode and, if necessary, trigger measures to eliminate them.
  • the method allows the regulation of the electrical operating voltage of the Péroabscheidevoriques, whereby an optimal filtering effect can be achieved.
  • the invention relates to a control unit for carrying out this method.
  • Air-hygienically relevant to human health are particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 microns, because these small particles are respirable and can attach themselves accordingly in the lungs.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons may accumulate on these particles, some of which pose a significant health hazard, e.g. due to their carcinogenic potential. Because measurements have shown that the particles emitted by wood fires are in the critical range of less than 10 ⁇ m in diameter, it is therefore necessary to install suitable flue gas devices in the area of simple wood firing systems in order to retain these minute particles.
  • the EMPA a device for flue gas cleaning is presented to small combustion, which can be installed in the existing flue of such a furnace.
  • Either this flue gas duct is electrically conductive, for example because the stovepipe is made of sheet steel, chrome steel or aluminum, or else the chimney is built entirely of stone and masonry or of plastic.
  • the device forms a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on the flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode is held on insulators.
  • the device includes a high-voltage generator for establishing a DC voltage between this spray electrode and the inner wall of the electrically conductive flue gas channel section.
  • a portion of an electrically conductive tube is mounted to the lid to form a collector surface.
  • the typical connection value of the High voltage generator is about 10 VA and it can be operated with 220V / 50Hz or 110V / 60Hz AC.
  • the charging of the spray electrode can be negative or positive to the earth.
  • the cleaning of the collector part can easily be done by hand after removal of the electrode wire with the bracket.
  • this device has a self-supporting rod electrode in the form of a thin wire.
  • the decisive feature of the spray electrode is the presence of the smallest possible radii, where high local field strengths occur. It has now been shown that the best results are achieved with a wire as thin as possible, which extends with its free end in the middle along a flue gas tube.
  • thin rod-like wires begin to vibrate as a result of electrostatic interactions because the high electrical charge of the wire creates image charges of opposite polarity at the proximal inner surface of the exhaust tube. For example, the tube wall opposite a negatively charged wire is therefore positively charged.
  • the free-hanging tip of the electrode wire is therefore attracted to the tube wall and due to its elastic mechanical bending it swings back after reaching the maximum deflection and is then deflected in the opposite direction and vice versa. It sets itself a natural vibration whose frequency depends on the geometry of the wire and also on the material from which this wire is made.
  • the vibration amplitude can increase so much with increasing electrical voltage that the wire end touches the inner wall of the flue gas duct or this comes so close that it comes to a flashover.
  • a short-circuit current flows, so that there is a breakdown of the filter voltage and thus the instantaneous loss of the filter effect.
  • the spark-over can cause unwanted noise emissions and also represent an electromagnetic source of interference.
  • the frequency of such flashovers should be limited.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide on the one hand a method for controlling the state of the spray electrode and in particular its wear and on the other hand to provide a method for optimal and automatic adjustment of the operating voltage even under changing conditions within the exhaust gas flow.
  • This object is achieved by a method for controlling the operating voltage and for controlling wear on a device for electrostatic particle separation in gas streams with a held inside the gas stream of insulators and a high-pressure generator for generating a DC voltage between the spray and the inner wall of the electric conductive Rauchgaskanalabiteses, which is characterized in that the spray electrode is vibrated during the filter operation, while the AC component of the operating current of the spray electrode is detected and the frequency and strength of the AC component for condition monitoring of the spray and to control the filter operation are used.
  • control unit for regulating the operating voltage and for controlling the wear on a device for electrostatic particle separation in gas streams, which device includes an electrically conductive flue and a rod-shaped spray electrode, which is held in the middle of the flue gas channel and extends along the same, wherein the control unit is characterized in that it includes a module for measuring the operating current of the spray electrode, the AC component and its frequency, and a control logic module for evaluating these measurements and for driving a further module for generating the operating voltage of the spray electrode.
  • FIG. 1 First, a possible device for electrostatic particle separation in gas streams is shown, which is also suitable for flue gas cleaning of small furnaces and to which this method can be performed with a suitable control unit. It is designed for installation in a straight section of an existing, electrically conductive stovepipe 1.
  • the device comprises an electrode holder 6 made of metal, preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the socket 6 may be cylindrical or spherical, provided with a diameter of a few millimeters and with a central bore in which the electrode 4 is seated and held.
  • the socket 6 is attached to a support rod 2, which is also preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the holding bar 2 is guided by an insulator 3 in the flue gas pipe 1.
  • the insulator 3 is advantageously made of a plastic, for which polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is suitable, because this material allows a certain charge migration, so that no charge nests can form, but discharges continuously. If dimensioned appropriately, a porcelain or ceramic insulator could also be used.
  • the insulator 3 is firmly connected to the lid 5.
  • the opening on the furnace tube 1 is designed so large that the electrode under elastic bending of the wire 4 in the Furnace tube 1 is inserted, and thereafter, the opening 1 is closed gas-tight with the lid 5, including offering about suitable clamps, clamping lever or clamping screws.
  • a high voltage generator with rectifier function provides the operating voltage for the spray electrode.
  • the high voltage is passed through a suitable cable to the support rod 2, through the insulator 3 and finally via the socket 6 to the spray electrode 4, which advantageously consists of a tungsten wire or alternatively of stainless steel.
  • the other pole of the high-voltage generator is at ground potential and is electrically connected to the furnace tube 1, which acts opposite the electrode 4 as Abscheide II.
  • an electrostatic filter is formed, wherein the wire 4 forms the spray electrode, and the inside of the furnace tube 1 beyond the length of the electrode wire 4 also forms the collecting electrode or collector surface, so that the entire chimney, so far as it consists of conductive material, act as a collector surface can.
  • the present method deliberately uses this vibration slope and the vibration frequency and amplitude for active monitoring of the operating condition. Because of their dependence on the material properties and the dimensions of the electrode, namely, the oscillation frequency gives information about the state of the electrode. The oscillation amplitude, however, is reflected in the amplitude of the alternating current component of the operating current whose frequency corresponds to the oscillation frequency of the electrode.
  • the amplitude of the alternating current component due to the electrode oscillation is explained by the dependence of the emission current on the distance d of the electrode end to the inner wall of the smoke tube channel. As the electrode approaches, this current increases significantly (about ⁇ 1 / d) to a minimum upon swinging back through the center. For a given construction of the particle separation device, there is a maximum value for the amplitude of oscillation and thus also a maximum value for the AC component below which spark sparkovers can be reliably excluded.
  • the high voltage is first turned off. Then the cover 5 is removed together with the electrode 4 from the furnace tube 1. Thereafter, the inside of the stovepipe 1 can be rubbed with a cloth, whereby the electrically retained particles are wiped off and stuck to the cloth. Alternatively, the collected particles can also be wiped off and vacuumed with the vacuum cleaner brush.
  • the electrode 4 is then reintroduced into the furnace tube 1 and the lid 5 placed gas-tight on the opening and clamped.
  • the cleaned collector surfaces are now free again to be fogged with new particles, because now also the electrical attraction is fully effective again. With such a device, it is possible to deposit over 80% of the particles in the flue gas.
  • the process for cleaning the inner wall of the flue gas pipe can be realized by utilizing the tendency of the spray electrode to vibrate.
  • the oscillation amplitude is specifically increased so far that it comes to spark flashovers.
  • These electrical sparks cause the deposits on the inner wall of the pipe, which primarily consist of carbon, for small hand-fed wood fires, to begin to glow and burn off.
  • the spray electrode 2 can be excited by the operating voltage to vibrate.
  • this excitation can be done by electrostatic forces, as already described above.
  • the FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the various components of a corresponding control unit for the apparatus for electrostatic particle separation.
  • the frequency of the alternating current component is detected by a frequency-voltage converter. Then it can be determined with the help of comparators, whether the oscillation frequency is in the set target range. If the frequency is too low, an increase in the operating voltage of the discharge electrode is triggered in order to detach deposits from the electrode. If the frequency is too high, a warning signal, eg in the form of a warning light, is activated to indicate wear or breakage of the electrode. -
  • the amplitude of the alternating current component is measured, which is a measure of the maximum deflection of the oscillating spray electrode.
  • a controller regulates the operating voltage in such a way that during normal operation, on the one hand, a high filtering effect and, on the other hand, trouble-free operation without spark-overs are ensured. Special operating phases, such as electrode cleaning, can be set by changing the setpoint value.
  • control unit can be realized by means of a microprocessor control.
  • the frequency and amplitude of the alternating current component are detected by the processor and processed by software whose parameters can be adapted to the firing system.
  • FIG. 3 a flow chart for a possible realization of such Software regulation shown. First, it is checked whether the measured oscillation frequency is within a preset target range. If the frequency is too high, the electrode may be damaged, which can be signaled. Too low oscillation frequency is caused by deposits on the electrode. In the simplest case, a maintenance request could be displayed with another signal.
  • the oscillation frequency is in the desired range, and the amplitude of the alternating current component and thus the deflection .DELTA.x of the spraying electrode are subsequently checked at the frequency control. If necessary, the operating voltage of the electrode is adjusted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé pour le réglage de la tension de service et pour le contrôle d'usure sur un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre aérodynamique de moins de 10 µm dans le gaz brûlé de fours de petites dimensions, avec une électrode de vaporisation maintenue par des isolateurs à l'intérieures du flux de gaz et un générateur de haute tension pour la production d'une tension continue entre l'électrode de vaporisation et la paroi intérieure du tronçon conducteur électrique du canal de gaz brulé, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait osciller activement l'électrode de vaporisation pendant le service de filtration au moyen d'un générateur de haute tension par excitation électrostatique, la part du courant alternatif du courant de service de l'électrode de vaporisation étant détectée et la fréquence et l'intensité de la part du courant alternatif pour la surveillance de l'électrode de vaporisation et pour le réglage du service de filtration étant utilisé en même temps.
  2. Procédé pour le réglage de la tension de service et pour le contrôle d'usure sur un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre aérodynamique de moins de 10 µm dans le gaz brulé de fours de petites dimensions, avec une électrode de vaporisation maintenue par des isolateurs à l'intérieures du flux de gaz et un générateur de haute tension pour la production d'une tension continue entre l'électrode de vaporisation et la paroi intérieure du tronçon conducteur électrique du canal de gaz brulé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fréquence de la part du courant alternatif est comparée avec des valeurs de seuil préréglées spécifiques à l'installation, et le degré de la déviation est détecté et indiqué comme indicateur pour l'usure et l'encrassement.
  3. Procédé pour le réglage de la tension de service et pour le contrôle d'usure sur un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre aérodynamique de moins de 10 µm dans le gaz brulé de fours de petites dimensions selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'amplitude de la part du courant alternatif est comparée avec des valeurs de seuil préréglées spécifiques à l'installation pour pouvoir régler de façon optimale la tension de service de l'électrode de vaporisation pour tous les états de service du four.
  4. Procédé pour le réglage de la tension de service et pour le contrôle d'usure sur un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre aérodynamique de moins de 10 µm dans le gaz brulé de fours de petites dimensions selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'oscillation de l'électrode de vaporisation est amplifiée automatiquement pour éliminer des dépôts en augmentant la tension de service, lorsqu'un degré prédéterminé d'encrassement est atteint.
  5. Procédé pour le réglage de la tension de service et pour le contrôle d'usure sur un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre aérodynamique de moins de 10 µm dans le gaz brulé de fours de petites dimensions selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'amplitude d'oscillation de l'électrode de vaporisation est amplifiée pour éliminer des dépôts de manière à ce que les dépôts sont éliminés par claquage.
  6. Unité de commande pour le réglage de la tension de service et pour le contrôle d'usure sur un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre aérodynamique de moins de 10 µm dans le gaz brulé de fours de petites dimensions, lequel comporte un canal de gaz brulé conducteur électrique et une électrode de vaporisant en forme de baguette qui est maintenu de façon médiane dans le canal de gaz brulé et s'étend le long de celui-ci, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité comporte un module pour mesurer le courant de service de l'électrode de vaporisation, comporte la part de courant alternatif de ladite électrode et la fréquence de ladite électrode , ainsi qu'un module d'une logique de commande pour évaluer de ces valeurs de mesure et pour commander un module supplémentaire pur générer la tension de service de l'électrode de vaporisation.
EP05742112A 2004-06-29 2005-05-30 Procede et unite de commande pour reguler une tension de service et pour controler l'usure d'un dispositif pour la separation electrostatique des particules dans des flux gazeux Not-in-force EP1761338B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH10882004 2004-06-29
PCT/CH2005/000304 WO2006000114A1 (fr) 2004-06-29 2005-05-30 Procede et unite de commande pour reguler une tension de service et pour controler l'usure d'un dispositif pour la separation electrostatique des particules dans des flux gazeux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1761338A1 EP1761338A1 (fr) 2007-03-14
EP1761338B1 true EP1761338B1 (fr) 2009-06-10

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EP05742112A Not-in-force EP1761338B1 (fr) 2004-06-29 2005-05-30 Procede et unite de commande pour reguler une tension de service et pour controler l'usure d'un dispositif pour la separation electrostatique des particules dans des flux gazeux

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EP (1) EP1761338B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE433348T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005007465D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006000114A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2062648B1 (fr) 2007-11-24 2019-06-19 Robert Bosch GmbH Séparateur électrostatique et procédé
DE102008011561A1 (de) 2008-02-28 2009-09-10 Raziol Zibulla & Sohn Gmbh Einrichtung zur Reinigung ölhaltiger Abluft
DE102008038236B4 (de) * 2008-08-18 2011-07-21 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Elektrostatischer Abscheider und Heizungssystem mit einem Elektroden-Partikelabweisemittel umfassend ein Bimetall

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0054378B2 (fr) * 1980-12-17 1991-01-16 F.L. Smidth & Co. A/S Méthode de contrôle du fonctionnement d'un précipitateur électrostatique
WO1983000297A1 (fr) * 1981-07-24 1983-02-03 Rodney John Truce Detection, mesure et application des parametres de contre-couronne sur un precipitateur electrostatique
US5378978A (en) * 1993-04-02 1995-01-03 Belco Technologies Corp. System for controlling an electrostatic precipitator using digital signal processing
SE506572C2 (sv) * 1996-05-09 1998-01-12 Flaekt Ab Förfarande vid styrning av en elektrostatisk stoftavskiljare
CH695113A5 (de) * 2000-10-02 2005-12-15 Empa Vorrichtung zur Rauchgasreinigung an Kleinfeuerungen.

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Publication number Publication date
DE502005007465D1 (de) 2009-07-23
ATE433348T1 (de) 2009-06-15
WO2006000114A1 (fr) 2006-01-05
EP1761338A1 (fr) 2007-03-14

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