EP1732695B1 - Procede de commande d'un dispositif de separation electrostatique de particules dans des flux gazeux et unite de commande associee - Google Patents

Procede de commande d'un dispositif de separation electrostatique de particules dans des flux gazeux et unite de commande associee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1732695B1
EP1732695B1 EP05714729A EP05714729A EP1732695B1 EP 1732695 B1 EP1732695 B1 EP 1732695B1 EP 05714729 A EP05714729 A EP 05714729A EP 05714729 A EP05714729 A EP 05714729A EP 1732695 B1 EP1732695 B1 EP 1732695B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue gas
control unit
particles
diameter
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05714729A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1732695A1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Schmatloch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
EMPA
Original Assignee
Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
EMPA
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Publication of EP1732695A1 publication Critical patent/EP1732695A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of how a particular device for electrostatic particle separation in gas streams can be controlled, as well as the relevant control unit.
  • the method and associated control unit for its use is suitable for controlling a device which serves to clean or filter the flue gas of small furnaces.
  • These small furnaces with capacities up to about 70kW are different heat generators for the space heating needs as well as for cooking. In particular, these include fireplace stoves, tiled stoves, wood-burning stoves, cookers and boilers fired with wood.
  • Aerodynamically relevant to human health are particles with an aerodynamic diameter of significantly less than 10 microns, because particles can accumulate from such a smallness in the lung. These particles also bind dioxins, which are taken up by humans after the particle deposition on soils and plants via the food chain. Since it has been shown by measurements that the emitted particles of wood firing in the critical range of less than 10 microns in diameter, it is therefore necessary to install even in the field of simple wood combustion systems suitable flue gas devices to retain these micro particles.
  • the EMPA is a device for flue gas cleaning presented to small combustion, which can be installed in the existing flue of such a firing: either this flue gas duct is electrically conductive by the stovepipe approximately from sheet steel, chrome steel or aluminum, or the fireplace is entirely made of stone and Masonry or built of plastic.
  • the device forms a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on the flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode is held on insulators.
  • the device includes a high-voltage generator for establishing a DC voltage between this spray electrode and the inner wall of the electrically conductive flue gas channel section.
  • a portion of an electrically conductive tube is mounted to the lid to form a collector surface.
  • the typical connection value of the high voltage generator is between 10 and 50VA and it can be operated with 220V / 50Hz or 110V / 60Hz alternating current.
  • the charge of Spray electrode can be negative or positive to earth. The cleaning of the collector part can easily be done by hand after removal of the electrode wire with the bracket.
  • this device has a self-supporting rod electrode in the form of a Bleshstsammlungs that is strong enough that he can carry himself. Instead of such a metal strip but also a wire of sufficient strength can be used.
  • the decisive feature of the spray electrode is the presence of the smallest possible radii, where high local field strengths occur. It has now been shown that the best results are achieved with a wire as thin as possible, which extends with its free end in the middle along a flue gas tube. However, thin rod-like wires begin to vibrate as a result of the resulting charge conditions, because the high electrical charge of the wire generates image charges of opposite polarity on the proximal inner surface of the exhaust pipe. The tube wall opposite a negatively charged wire is therefore positively charged.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to automatically design the switching on and off of a device for the electrostatic particle separation in the flue gas stream of wood furnaces and thus to provide a method for this and the associated control unit for operating the method.
  • This object is achieved by a method for controlling a device for the electrostatic particle separation in gas streams, which is characterized in that the changes in the dielectric properties are detected within the flue gas duct as a result of combustion, by the electrical capacity between the flue and one located in the flue gas stream Spray or measuring electrode is measured.
  • control unit for a device for the electrostatic particle separation in gas streams consisting of a spray or measuring electrode and an electrically conductive flue gas channel section as a collector surface, further comprising a measuring device for measuring the capacitance between the flue gas channel and the spray or measuring electrode and an electronic control unit for the circuit of the device using the measured capacitance as a reference variable.
  • Electrostatic precipitators basically work on the principle that electrically charged, solid or liquid particles are deflected in an electric field. The soot particles must therefore first be charged electrically. The unipolar charged particles subsequently deposit on separation plates as a result of the action of the electrostatic field. With such electrostatic precipitators dust and aerosols with particle sizes from 0.01 to 60 ⁇ m can be deposited. The efficiency of the deposition also depends on the flow velocity of the particles and the dust concentration in the gas flow, as well as on the temperature and humidity in the inflowing gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a possible device for electrostatic particle separation in gas streams shown, which is also suitable for flue gas cleaning of small furnaces. It is designed for installation in a straight section of an existing, electrically conductive stovepipe 1.
  • the device comprises an electrode holder 6 made of metal, preferably made of stainless steel, which is provided for receiving the electrode 4 with a bore.
  • the socket 6 has an electrode thickness of 0.3 mm in the socket area a diameter of several millimeters and is held by a clamp or bayonet connection in a metallic holder 7, as shown in enlarged section.
  • the holder 7 is attached to a support rod 2, which is also preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the holding bar 2 is guided by an insulator 3 in the flue gas pipe 1.
  • the insulator 3 is advantageously made of a plastic, for which polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is suitable, because this material allows a certain charge migration, so that no charge nests can form, but discharges continuously. In contrast, in a porcelain or ceramic insulator under DC voltage charge nests, which then migrate to the outside and lead to spontaneous breakthroughs (TE).
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • the insulator 3 is firmly connected to the lid 5.
  • the version 6 can be cylindrical or as shown here spherically shaped, with a diameter of about 10mm and a central bore in which the electrode 4 is seated and held.
  • the opening on the furnace tube 1 is designed so large that the holder 7 is inserted under elastic bending of the wire 4 in the furnace tube 1, and thereafter, the opening 1 is closed gas-tight with the lid 5, including offering about suitable clamps, clamping lever or clamping screws ,
  • a high voltage generator with rectifier function is both electrically and thermally isolated from the furnace tube 1 and is powered by a power cable.
  • the high voltage output is passed through the insulator 3 via the socket 6 to the spray electrode 4, which advantageously consists of a tungsten wire.
  • the other pole is at ground potential and is electrically connected to the furnace tube 1, which acts opposite the electrode 4 as Abscheide imagery.
  • an electrostatic filter is formed, wherein the wire 4 forms the spray electrode, and the inside of the furnace tube 1 over the length of the electrode wire 4 also forms the collecting electrode or collector surface, so that the entire chimney, so far as it consists of conductive material, can act as a collector surface ,
  • the high voltage is first turned off. Then, the holder 7 is removed with the electrode 4 from the furnace tube 1. Thereafter, the inside of the stovepipe 1 can be rubbed off with a damp cloth, whereby the electrically retained particles are wiped off and stuck on the cloth. Alternatively, the collected particles can also be wiped off and vacuumed with the vacuum cleaner brush.
  • the electrode 4 is then reintroduced into the furnace tube 1 and the lid 5 placed gas-tight on the opening and clamped.
  • the cleaned collector surfaces are now free again to be fogged with new particles, because now also the electrical attraction is fully effective again. With such an electrode, namely a tapered tungsten wire, it is possible to deposit up to 90% of the particles in the flue gas.
  • FIG. 2 For example, there is shown a biasing measurement apparatus prior to a particle separation apparatus that has been practically tested. Every 30 minutes, the flue gas flow was interrupted, resulting in a very significant drop in measured capacity. The measurement took place here over 10 hours and shows a reliable reproducible capacity change, which correlates with the presence of the flue gas stream. Without flue gas, a consistently lower capacity is measured than with flue gas. Therefore, the measured value of the capacitance can be used as a reference for a control unit.
  • the actual capacitance measurement can be done by measuring the charging or discharging time of the capacitor, which is formed from the electrodes - ie either of spray and flue gas duct or flue gas pipe section and flue gas duct. It is also advantageous to integrate the capacitance of this capacitor into a resonant circuit or an unstable flip-flop so that the capacitance changes are reflected in the oscillation frequency. A change in the oscillation frequency then gives the signal for switching on or off the operating voltage.
  • FIG. 3 shows a device for electrostatic particle deposition in a schematic representation, and the associated control unit 9 for switching on and off of the device, which is connected to the mains.
  • This control unit 9 is grounded and includes a measuring device 10 for the capacity and a control logic 11 for the associated high voltage source 12 of the device.
  • the measuring device for the capacitance measurement as in FIG. 2 shown this device is connected upstream, so that therefore a flue gas first flows through the electrically conductive flue gas tube 7 inside the electrically conductive flue gas channel 1 and thereby affects the capacity between these two parts 1.7.
  • the quantities measured by the measuring device 10 are then processed by the control logic 11 in the control unit and, correspondingly, the high-voltage source 12 is switched on or off, which ensures the ionization voltage at the electrode 4 with respect to the flue gas channel 1. This ensures that the Device for the electrostatic particle separation is always reliably put into operation as soon as and as long as flue gas flows through the flue gas pipe section 1 upstream in the flue gas duct 1, while after the fading of the flue gas flow due to the then reduced measured capacity, the device is turned off.

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour la commande d'un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions, où les changements des propriétés diélectriques sont détectés à cause de la combustion à l'intérieur du canal de gaz brulé , en mesurant la capacité électrique entre le tronçon à conduction électrique du canal de gaz brulé (1) et une électrode de vaporisation ou de mesure (4) située dans ce tronçon du flux de gaz brulé, caractérisé en ce que la capacité est déterminée en mesurant le temps de charge et de décharge du condensateur , où le condensateur est formé par les électrodes , c'est-à-dire soit par l'électrode de vaporisation (4) et le tronçon du canal de gaz brulé (1) à conduction électrique ou par un tronçon de tube de gaz brulé (7) à conduction électrique et un tronçon du canal de gaz brulé (1) à conduction électrique.
  2. Procédé pour la commande d'un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la capacité du condensateur est intégrée dans un circuit oscillant ou dans une bascule électronique instable, de manière à ce que les changements de capacité influencent la fréquence d'oscillation et en ce qu'un signal est généré pour la mise en service et la mise hors service de la tension de service à cause de la modification de la fréquence d'oscillation.
  3. Unité de commande pour un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions avec une électrode de vaporisation ou de mesure (4) et un tronçon de tube de gaz brulé (7) à conduction électrique comme surface collectrice, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commande est composée d'un instrument de mesure (10) pour mesurer la capacité entre le canal de gaz brulé (1) et électrode de vaporisation ou de mesure (4), ainsi que d'une logique de commande (11) électronique pour la commutation du dispositif en utilisant la capacité mesurée comme grandeur de référence.
  4. Unité de commande pour un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de mesure (4) est déterminée de manière à fonctionner également comme électrode de vaporisation.
  5. Unité de commande pour un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de mesure (4) forme un tronçon de tube de gaz brulé (7) à conduction électrique, lequel tronçon est disposé de façon électriquement isolée à l'intérieur du canal de gaz brulé (1) également électriquement conducteur et lequel tronçon est destiné à être traversé par le gaz brulé et en ce qu'un instrument de mesure (10) pour mesurer la capacité entre le canal de gaz brulé (1) et électrode de vaporisation ou de mesure (4) existe et utilise une logique de commande (11) électronique pour la commutation du dispositif en utilisant la capacité mesurée comme grandeur de référence.
  6. Unité de commande pour un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le tronçon de tube de gaz brulé (7) à conduction électrique est disposé de façon concentrique et de façon électriquement isolée à l'intérieur du canal de gaz brulé (1) électriquement conducteur.
  7. Unité de commande pour un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions selon une des revendications 5 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le tronçon de tube de gaz brulé (7) à conduction électrique présente pour un canal de gaz brulé (1) de 130 mm une longueur d'environ 1 m et un diamètre extérieur d'environ 100 mm.
  8. Unité de commande pour un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions selon une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la capacité est susceptible d'être déterminée en mettant à disposition des moyens pour mesurer le temps de charge et de décharge du condensateur , où le condensateur est formé par les électrodes , c'est-à-dire soit par l'électrode de vaporisation (4) et le tronçon du canal de gaz brulé (1) à conduction électrique ou par le tronçon de tube de gaz brulé (7) et le canal de gaz brulé (1).
  9. Unité de commande pour un dispositif pour la séparation électrostatique de particules avec un diamètre de moins de 10 µm dans des gaz brulés de fours à bois de petites dimensions selon une des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la capacité du condensateur est intégrée dans un circuit oscillant ou dans une bascule électronique instable, de manière à ce que les changements de capacité influencent la fréquence d'oscillation et en ce qu'un signal est susceptible d'être généré pour la mise en service et la mise hors service de la tension de service à cause de la modification de la fréquence d'oscillation.
EP05714729A 2004-04-08 2005-03-31 Procede de commande d'un dispositif de separation electrostatique de particules dans des flux gazeux et unite de commande associee Not-in-force EP1732695B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH6182004 2004-04-08
PCT/CH2005/000187 WO2005097332A1 (fr) 2004-04-08 2005-03-31 Procede de commande d'un dispositif de separation electrostatique de particules dans des flux gazeux et unite de commande associee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1732695A1 EP1732695A1 (fr) 2006-12-20
EP1732695B1 true EP1732695B1 (fr) 2009-05-13

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EP (1) EP1732695B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE431190T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005007280D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005097332A1 (fr)

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DE102008011561A1 (de) 2008-02-28 2009-09-10 Raziol Zibulla & Sohn Gmbh Einrichtung zur Reinigung ölhaltiger Abluft
DE102010042914B4 (de) * 2010-10-26 2012-05-24 Wachtel GmbH & Co. Bäckereimaschinen-Backöfen Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erfassung von Verbrennungsluftbestandteilen
CN102962135B (zh) * 2012-09-26 2015-08-05 山东国舜建设集团有限公司 湿式烧结脱硫烟气深度净化装置
ES1147908Y (es) * 2015-06-30 2016-03-10 Univ Vigo Precipitador electrostático autoregenerable
DE102018009727A1 (de) * 2018-12-11 2019-11-28 Diehl Aviation Gilching Gmbh Abscheidevorrichtung zum Reinigen von Gasen
CN109940000B (zh) * 2019-04-24 2023-11-28 伟通工业设备（江苏）有限公司 Uv固化防雾涂装线用可间隔蓄压冲刷的静电除尘装置

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GB769457A (en) * 1953-12-17 1957-03-06 Research Corp Automatic voltage control of electrostatic precipitator with saturable reactor
US4177045A (en) * 1978-07-10 1979-12-04 Orel Jeannette V Self-acting smoke sorbing device
US5688308A (en) * 1995-05-30 1997-11-18 Trion, Inc. Electrostatic air cleaning system with air flow sensor
JP4265120B2 (ja) * 2001-07-19 2009-05-20 株式会社豊田中央研究所 内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置
US6919053B2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2005-07-19 Constantinos J. Joannou Portable ion generator and dust collector

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EP1732695A1 (fr) 2006-12-20
DE502005007280D1 (de) 2009-06-25
ATE431190T1 (de) 2009-05-15
WO2005097332A1 (fr) 2005-10-20

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