EP1771254B1 - Principe structurel d'un systeme de purification de gaz d'echappement, et procede pour purifier des gaz d'echappement a l'aide de celui-ci - Google Patents

Principe structurel d'un systeme de purification de gaz d'echappement, et procede pour purifier des gaz d'echappement a l'aide de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1771254B1
EP1771254B1 EP05738473A EP05738473A EP1771254B1 EP 1771254 B1 EP1771254 B1 EP 1771254B1 EP 05738473 A EP05738473 A EP 05738473A EP 05738473 A EP05738473 A EP 05738473A EP 1771254 B1 EP1771254 B1 EP 1771254B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
collector
exhaust gas
particles
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05738473A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1771254A1 (fr
Inventor
Andrei Bologa
Thomas WÄSCHER
Hanns-Rudolf Paur
Klaus Woletz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Publication of EP1771254A1 publication Critical patent/EP1771254A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/16—Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/88—Cleaning-out collected particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the construction principle of an exhaust gas purification system and a method for cleaning an exhaust gas so.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is one of the most effective means / assembly of an exhaust gas purification system for fine particulate separation (see, for example, US Pat DE 101 32 582 ).
  • Electrostatic precipitation is a physical process by which particles are electrically charged and subsequently separated / separated from the gas under the action of an external electric field.
  • the electric field generates a corona discharge to charge the particles and attract them toward the wall, eventually removing them.
  • the charging and deposition of the particles generally occurs in two spatially distinct external electric fields.
  • the particles are charged by a corona discharge and then removed in an external, field-free collector.
  • the separator includes the charging device, the housing connection and the separator.
  • the charger consists of a grounded nozzle plate and high voltage needle electrodes positioned centrally in the nozzles.
  • the particles are charged in the DC corona discharge.
  • the separation device consists for example of a grounded tube bundle collector. The method and the separator differ from the conventional two-stage electrostatic precipitator by the absence of the separate depositing electric field in the collecting zone, which makes it possible to compactly construct the separator.
  • the gas flows in the same direction through the charging unit / zone, the connecting piece and the separation zone.
  • the exhaust gas purification system flows the exhaust gas to be cleaned in the direction of gravity, in the DE 102 44 051 C1 described emission control system against gravity.
  • the process and the exhaust gas purification systems effectively clean the gas flowing through, there are some problems.
  • the charged particles are deposited in the tube bundle collector by forming a liquid film.
  • the film flows on the surface of the tubes in the direction of gravity.
  • droplets form, which are again in the actually purified gas stream. This reduces the degree of separation of the system.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an exhaust gas purification system and to be able to operate long term so that their predetermined degree of separation does not, or at most does not change appreciably.
  • the exhaust gas purification system as a section in a flow channel for gas guidance has the shape of an upright U's.
  • one leg is the zone for ionization of entrained in the gas Particles / aerosols, the electrostatic charging zone or just the ionizer housed.
  • the transition from one leg to the other, the junction zone forms the sump / vessel for the particles precipitated from the gas stream and dripping from the collector.
  • At its lowest point is at least one spout for discharging the particulate-enriched liquid. Higher-level spouts may be further attached to the sump if needed.
  • the collector zone In the second leg sits the collector zone in which the particles are separated from the gas stream and are electrically neutralized, with drainage liquid down / - to be washed away.
  • the collector zone consists of at least one collector or of a plurality of successive collectors in the flow direction, wherein a collector consists of a tube bundle group of at least one tube bundle.
  • Decisive is the introduction of the particulate, to be cleaned gas in the direction of gravity from top to bottom in the leg of the system in which the ionizer is located.
  • a corona discharge electrically charges the particles as they pass through.
  • the polarity is selectable, but is often negatively charged.
  • the ionizer consists of the well on a defined electrical reference potential, usually ground potential, lying nozzle plate and the high-voltage grid usually at a negative potential with mounted and aligned electrodes.
  • the electrodes protrude with their free ends from below into the respective associated nozzle (claim 2). This is the only way to ensure that no droplets are formed at the electrodes, in particular at the electrode tips, which could delicately deprive the corona discharge.
  • the reservoir is electrically also at a reference potential.
  • the reference potential is simply earth potential.
  • connection zone in which the exhaust gas on the one hand deflected and flows when leaving against gravity vertically upwards from below into the second leg.
  • the dripping part of the still electrically charged particles / aerosols in the connection zone is collected by the sump.
  • the exhaust gas is, as already mentioned, flows through in the collector for cleaning, or for separating the particles against gravity from bottom to top.
  • the particles / aerosols are all deposited, at least largely, on the walls of the collector, where they are electrically neutralized and flow off in the direction of gravity by means of a flushing liquid sprayed onto the collector, at least from above, against the gas flow as particle-displaced liquid film in the direction of gravity Connection zone, the reservoir, drain.
  • the collector consists of at least one tube bundle, which stands on a also on electric reference potential grid sitting (claim 3). Of course, these grates can be sprayed from below, if such a measure is useful.
  • the spraying of the collector from above is standard.
  • the gas thus processed leaves the collector free of particles and now flows on as clean gas in the connected flow channel.
  • the objective of effectively cleaning an exhaust gas of fine, mainly submicron, solid or liquid particles is achieved with the exhaust gas purification system and the method operated therewith.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning system is characterized by its construction in the form of an upright U's. With her, the cleaning process can be performed highly effective and long-term stable, because the exhaust system avoids the formation of droplets at the free electrode ends in the nozzle and therefore the ionization of the particles in the corona discharge between the free end of the electrode and the inner wall of the nozzle always as intended, ie stable, runs. The effectiveness of the particle / aerosol separation is therefore complete, at least almost complete.
  • the system as part of the flow channel guide is compact and technically robust, due to the three or with spray four modules clearly arranged, easy to assemble and easy to maintain.
  • the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the ionization zone is opposite to that in the collector zone.
  • the building materials of the exhaust gas purification system are selected based on the process to be performed. Whether dielectrically or electrically conductive depends on the nature of the exhaust gas and the entrained particles. The electrical conditions must be able to be adjusted and the cleaning process can be carried out long-term without corrosion phenomena inside the plant.
  • the cleaning system can be adapted to purify exhaust gases in the form of ambient air, flue gases, wet gas, dry gas and hot gas.
  • the particles entrained in the exhaust stream, whether liquid or solid, need only be ionized, i. be electrically charged.
  • Such an emission control system is particularly suitable for the separation of submicron spatters in the diameter range D ⁇ 1 .mu.m, which are otherwise difficult to deposit.
  • FIG. 1 enters the exhaust gas to be purified from above into the inlet 2 of the emission control system 1 and flows in the direction of gravity down further through the ionizer 10 therethrough.
  • the particles / aerosols are ionized by corona discharge with a predetermined polarity - usually negatively charged.
  • FIG. 2 shows the ionizer 10 in sections.
  • An electrode tip 5 projects into each of them. All electrode tips are mounted aligned on the high-voltage grid 6.
  • the high-voltage grid 6 itself is electrically insulated mounted on the housing wall of the system. About a passage in the housing wall, the high-voltage grid 6 is connected to the high voltage potential generated in a power supply (see, for example DE 101 32 528 C1 or DE 102 44 051 C1 ).
  • the high voltage potential is generally adjustable on the power supply unit and its polarity depends on the process to be run.
  • the particles / aerosols are now electrically charged.
  • the exhaust gas flow now passes under deflection into the horizontal in the connection zone 7, ie by the foot of the U, flows there horizontally and occurs under renewed deflection against gravity from below into the other leg 8 a.
  • the connecting piece 7 serves as a catch for precipitating out of the gas stream particles and for the running in the collector 8, loaded with particles / aerosols liquid film.
  • the exhaust gas with the electrically charged particles enters the grounded collector 8.
  • the electrically charged particles When flowing upward, the electrically charged particles are attracted to the tube walls, which indeed attract attraction due to the electrical connection of the collector 8 to the ground potential, and deposited thereon. In this case, the electrical charge is removed and thereby electrically neutralizes the particles.
  • the collector 8 is usually sprayed for flushing from above (not shown in FIG. 1 ), so that the particles deposited on the collector walls are washed off downwards and collected in the connection zone 7 constructed for the collecting trough 7 and discharged via a pipe connection.
  • the now purified exhaust gas flows upward, exits at the leg outlet 9 from the exhaust gas purification system 1 and in the cultivated, continuing flow channel or is immediately discharged to the environment.
  • the effectiveness of the exhaust gas purification system 1 and of the method was tested experimentally on a pilot plant.
  • the pilot plant contained a nozzle plate with 61 nozzles and a tube bundle collector. It was operated with 9.5 - 10.5 kV DC for the corona discharge.
  • the corona current was between 4.5 and 5.5 mA.
  • the ionizer had a hollow cylindrical housing, as well as the collector.
  • the mass concentration of the particles in the exhaust gas was 70-110 mg / Nm 3 .

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Principe de construction d'une installation de nettoyage des gaz d'échappement comme segment intégré dans un canal de passage de gaz, selon lequel
    dans le sens de passage du gaz à traiter, on a successivement :
    - une zone d'ionisation des particules/aérosols entraînées par les gaz avec un ioniseur,
    - une zone de liaison,
    - une zone de collecteur pour séparer les particules/aérosols électriquement neutres, et
    - une installation de pulvérisation pour rincer la zone de collecteur, caractérisé en ce que
    - le segment (1) pour nettoyer les gaz d'échappement à une structure en U, debout, dont une branche comporte la zone d'ionisation (10) avec l'ioniseur pour les particules/aérosols entraînées par les gaz,
    * le gaz à nettoyer pénétrant par le dessus dans cette branche pour descendre dans le sens de la gravité à travers l'ioniseur (10),
    - le passage d'une branche à l'autre, c'est-à-dire la zone de liaison (7) constitue un réceptacle-cuve de collecte (7) pour les particules séparées/tombées de la veine de gaz, et dont lé point le plus bas comporte au moins un ajutage de sortie pour évacuer le liquide enrichi de particules,
    - la seconde branche (8) comporte la zone de collecteur (8) se composant d'au moins un collecteur ou de plusieurs collecteurs successifs dans le sens de passage,
    * les gaz arrivant par en dessous dans la branche (8) pour en sortir par le dessus en circulant contre la force de gravité à travers la zone de collecteur (8),
    * une installation de pulvérisation étant prévue au-dessus de la zone de collecteur (8) et dans le cas de plusieurs collecteurs, une installation de pulvérisation respective est installée entre les collecteurs.
  2. Principe de construction d'une installation de nettoyage des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la zone (10) de l'ioniseur se compose d'une plaque à buses (4) mise à un potentiel électrique de référence et une grille haute tension (6) sur laquelle sont montées et alignées des électrodes de haute tension (5), chacune des électrodes pénètre dans une buse (3) et les électrodes de haute tension (5) viennent par en dessous dans leur buse (3) respective.
  3. Principe de construction d'une installation de nettoyage des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la zone de collecteur (8) se compose d'au moins un groupe de faisceaux de tubes.
  4. Procédé de nettoyage des gaz d'échappement dans une installation de nettoyage des gaz d'échappement selon les revendications 1 à 3, procédé caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    - on dirige les gaz d'échappement d'un canal, partant du haut, dans le sens de la gravité, dans la branche avec une zone d'ionisation (10) pour descendre dans le sens de la gravité,
    - les gaz d'échappement sortant de la zone d'ionisation (10) sont dirigés vers la zone de liaison (7) dans laquelle d'une part les gaz d'échappement sont déviés pour remonter à l'équerre, dans le sens opposé à la gravité, dans la seconde branche (8) et par ailleurs, une première partie de particules/aérosols, qui s'égouttent, s'accumulent dans la zone de liaison (7),
    - les gaz d'échappement traversent le collecteur (8) pour le nettoyage, c'est-à-dire la séparation des particules, dans le sens opposé de la gravité, en arrivant par en dessous pour remonter et déposer les particules/aérosols sur les parois du collecteur (8) où les particules sont neutralisées électriquement et peuvent couler dans le sens de la gravité avec un liquide de pulvérisation, distribué au moins par le dessus sur le collecteur (8), à contre-courant de la veine des gaz, comme film de liquide chargé de particules, puis goutter dans la zone de liaison (7), dans la cuve collectrice (7),
    - le gaz sortant comme gaz nettoyé, par le dessus de la seconde branche (8) pour passer dans le canal d'écoulement qui fait suite.
EP05738473A 2004-07-31 2005-05-06 Principe structurel d'un systeme de purification de gaz d'echappement, et procede pour purifier des gaz d'echappement a l'aide de celui-ci Not-in-force EP1771254B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004037286A DE102004037286B3 (de) 2004-07-31 2004-07-31 Bauprinzip einer Abgasreinigungsanlage und Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Abgases damit
PCT/EP2005/004939 WO2006012929A1 (fr) 2004-07-31 2005-05-06 Principe structurel d'un systeme de purification de gaz d'echappement, et procede pour purifier des gaz d'echappement a l'aide de celui-ci

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1771254A1 EP1771254A1 (fr) 2007-04-11
EP1771254B1 true EP1771254B1 (fr) 2010-10-06

Family

ID=34745506

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05738473A Not-in-force EP1771254B1 (fr) 2004-07-31 2005-05-06 Principe structurel d'un systeme de purification de gaz d'echappement, et procede pour purifier des gaz d'echappement a l'aide de celui-ci

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20080302241A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1771254B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008508085A (fr)
AT (1) ATE483523T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004037286B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006012929A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005045010B3 (de) * 2005-09-21 2006-11-16 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Elektrostatische Ionisierungsstufe in einer Abscheidungseinrichtung
DE102006055543B3 (de) * 2006-11-24 2008-01-24 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Ionisierungsstufe und Kollektor einer Abgasreinigungsanlage
DE102008011949A1 (de) 2008-02-29 2010-01-21 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Elektrostatischer Abscheider
CN102773164B (zh) * 2012-07-27 2015-05-06 江苏保丽洁环境科技股份有限公司 自清洗型工业油烟净化装置

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1790961A (en) * 1931-02-03 Fornia
GB363978A (en) * 1930-08-29 1931-12-31 Lodge Cottrell Ltd Apparatus for cooling and preliminarily washing gases, particularly blast furnace gases, which are to be purified by electrical precipitation
US2195431A (en) * 1935-10-09 1940-04-02 Koppers Co Inc Gas treating apparatus
US2207576A (en) * 1938-07-26 1940-07-09 Brown Thomas Townsend Method and apparatus for removing suspended matter from gases
US2682314A (en) * 1952-10-30 1954-06-29 Research Corp Wet bottom precipitator
US2935375A (en) * 1956-02-17 1960-05-03 Gulton Ind Inc Method of purifying a gaseous current containing an aerosol
DE3515448A1 (de) * 1985-04-29 1986-10-30 Manfred R. 8023 Pullach Burger Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung von schadstoffbelasteten fluiden
US5792238A (en) * 1995-12-01 1998-08-11 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Fine-particulate and aerosol removal technique in a condensing heat exchanger using an electrostatic system enhancement
DE10132582C1 (de) * 2001-07-10 2002-08-08 Karlsruhe Forschzent Anlage zum elektrostatischen Reinigen von Gas und Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben
DE10244051C1 (de) * 2002-09-21 2003-11-20 Karlsruhe Forschzent Ionisator und seine Verwendung in einer Abgasreinigungsanlage für tropfenbeladene und/oder kondensierende Feuchtgase
US7318857B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2008-01-15 Eisenmann Corporation Dual flow wet electrostatic precipitator
US7267708B2 (en) * 2005-04-20 2007-09-11 Air-Cure Dynamics, Inc. Rigid electrode ionization for packed bed scrubbers
DE102005023521B3 (de) * 2005-05-21 2006-06-29 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Nasselektrostatische Ionisierungsstufe in einer elektrostatischen Abscheideeinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2008508085A (ja) 2008-03-21
DE102004037286B3 (de) 2005-08-11
WO2006012929A1 (fr) 2006-02-09
DE502005010346D1 (de) 2010-11-18
ATE483523T1 (de) 2010-10-15
EP1771254A1 (fr) 2007-04-11
US20080302241A1 (en) 2008-12-11

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