EP2047327A2 - Dispositif actif à propriétés énergétiques/optiques variables - Google Patents
Dispositif actif à propriétés énergétiques/optiques variablesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2047327A2 EP2047327A2 EP07823616A EP07823616A EP2047327A2 EP 2047327 A2 EP2047327 A2 EP 2047327A2 EP 07823616 A EP07823616 A EP 07823616A EP 07823616 A EP07823616 A EP 07823616A EP 2047327 A2 EP2047327 A2 EP 2047327A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- optical properties
- active device
- cover
- variable energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/161—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
- G02F2001/1557—Side by side arrangements of working and counter electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an active device with variable energy / optical properties comprising an active system between a protective substrate and a protective cover.
- the first types of active system that are of interest to the invention are essentially inorganic electrochemical systems, in particular essentially inorganic (mineral) electrochromic glasses, which make it possible to modulate the light and heat transmission, for example described, for example, in the patents EP-867,752, EP 831,360, PCT / FR00 / 00675, PCT / FR99 / 01653, the electrolyte being in the form of an essentially mineral layer, all the layers of the system then being essentially mineral, this electrochromic system is commonly referred to as this type of electrochromic system. under the term electrochromic "all-solid".
- these essentially inorganic electrochromic systems comprise two layers of electrochromic material separated by an electrolyte layer and framed by two electroconductive layers forming electrodes.
- electrochromic valves these are polymer-based films in which are arranged microdroplets containing particles able to be placed in a preferred direction under the action of an electric field.
- An example is described in WO93 / 09460.
- liquid crystal systems a mode of operation similar to the previous ones: they use a polymer film placed between two conductive layers and in which are dispersed liquid crystal droplets, including nematic with positive dielectric anisotropy. When the film is energized, the liquid crystals are oriented along a preferred axis, which allows vision.
- thermochromic layers in particular based on vanadium oxide, thermotropic layers or photochromic layers inorganic or organic, especially polymers, which may be in the form of polymer films or even gel films. This is particularly the case of thermotropic gels, for example those described in patents EP 639 450, US 5 615 040, WO 94/20294 and EP 878 296.
- a fourth type of active system relates to a gaschromic system whose properties are modified by passage of a gas including hydrogen, a thin layer of WO3 often surmounted by a platinum layer deposited on the surface of a glass element.
- these active systems are usually arranged against at least one protective carrier substrate. They are most often placed between a protective substrate and a cover, for example made of glass, bonded together for example by means of thermoplastic type joining polymer sheet (s).
- Plastic sealing means are often provided, the purpose of which is to isolate the active system as much as possible from the outside.
- Sealing means are thus described in French Patent No. 2,815,374 which is directed to a laminated glazing unit with a system of plastic seals composed of several elements in order to simultaneously provide all the functions of insulation to gases, liquids , to the dust.
- a seal based on polyisobutylene (gas barrier), called butyl seal and a polysulfide or polyurethane seal (liquid barrier) attached to the butyl seal.
- the object of the invention is then to overcome these drawbacks, in particular by finding means to control the durability of such active systems devices mentioned above, with a view to improving and / or better monitoring its reproducibility, in particular by means not calling into question the current methods of manufacture of these type glazing devices, and preferably that may tend to simplify them.
- the invention proposes an active device with variable energy / optical properties comprising:
- an active system between a protective substrate and a protective cover chosen from an essentially inorganic electrochemical system, an optical valve system, a liquid crystal system, a gas-chromium system, a thermochromic system,
- an entourage in at least one metal-based part around the periphery of the device the surround being assembled at least in part by the edge of said substrate and / or by the edge of said cover by means of assembly forming at least part of sealing means with steam water.
- the metal-based surround is designed and assembled for the purpose of insulation against various types of gas, liquid and dust attack.
- a mechanical reinforcement for example form a mounting frame (the body in the case of glazing for the automobile) glazing or be mounted in double glazing for the building.
- the surround extends (at least mainly) around the substrate and hood.
- the surround is neither arranged between the substrate and the cover nor held by the inner face of the substrate. Its mounting is simplified can intervene even after a possible assembly of the cover and the substrate. Surroundings can further protect and / or facilitate electrical connections.
- the surround is suitable for any type of assembly of the substrate with the cover, in particular by lamination, covering casting resin, or other means at the periphery.
- the surround is also suitable when substrate and cover are simply kept at a distance, for example by spacers or glass or metal frame.
- the surround itself can serve as the only remote holding of the substrate and the hood.
- the active device according to the invention is protected by the entourage and its assembly means is durable, compact, reliable, easily manipulated without risk of breaking the substrate or hood.
- the surround and the assembly means may form at least predominantly, preferably substantially, the sealing means with liquid water and steam.
- the complete device manufactured on the same site continuously or at close intervals, it is indeed not necessary to provide other means sealed especially with water vapor because the entourage once assembled provides a sufficient protection threshold.
- a peripheral groove for example by removing the insert
- a vapor barrier such as a seal butyl and / or a liquid water barrier such as a polyurethane seal.
- the assembly of the entourage is not carried out in the place of realization of the system or if this assembly is deferred (storage of the system for example), it is however possible to provide additional means of temporary or permanent sealing between the substrate and the hood. This makes it possible to store and / or transport the active device.
- the surround and the assembly means may provide a second level of protection if means of sealing with water vapor and / or liquid between the substrate and the cover are not sufficiently effective or resistant.
- the surround according to the invention is suitable for any type, any device geometry.
- the substrate and / or the hood can be of any shape (rectangular, round ..) -
- the device can be of any size especially with a surface exceeding the m 2 .
- the entourage is not likely to disturb the energy / optical properties of the active system.
- the surround may be monolithic or be in several parts, in particular with corner pieces, which are secured to each other by securing means preferably according to the thickness of the device rather than surrounding the device.
- the entourage may be entirely metallic, typically a self-supporting element to which the assembly means are reported.
- the surround and the associated assembly means form a single element which comprises a membrane (adhesive) composed in mass of a material based on polyisobutylene, or even ethylene vinyl acetate or polyamide, coated on the outer surface of a film made of metal and synthetic material (s).
- a membrane adheresive
- s metal and synthetic material
- the surround may be hollow or solid, curved, flat, may or may not follow the contours of the device, in particular the edge of the substrate.
- the surround may preferably have a so-called lateral portion, surrounding the periphery being pressed by its inner face against the edge of the substrate and held fixed by the assembly means.
- the free ends of the entourage may overlap in pairs or have complementary shapes adapted to cooperate mutually to achieve their assembly according to a butt.
- the ends may further be separated by glass spacers.
- the entourage can be thin.
- the surround may be at least one aluminum foil preferably of minimum thickness of about 200 microns or stainless steel preferably of a minimum thickness of about 500 microns.
- the surround may be thicker in particular for fixing, for example on rails, including walls.
- the surround may be in the form of a substantially flat profile approximately 1 mm thick and of substantially parallelepipedal section.
- This profile advantageously has a low mechanical inertia, that is to say that it can be easily wound by having a small winding radius of 10 cm for example.
- the surround can be preformed (cast, molded, extruded ...), folded on the hood and the substrate by a folding system.
- the edges of the edges are for example made by folding using machines well known to those skilled in the art of processing materials.
- the surround may be rigid enough to perform the function of mechanical support of the substrate and the cover. In this configuration, its rigidity is defined by the very nature of its constituent material, whose linear buckling resistance must be at least 400 N / m.
- the metal surround can be arranged in the manner of a ribbon on the wafers and ensure the mechanical assembly of the device through the assembly means which ensure its total adhesion to the cover and the substrate.
- the metal surround may itself be covered with a means of protection against corrosion, preferably with a polysulfide or a polyimide, in particular for outdoor use.
- the surrounding area forms with the gas circulation ducts a closed system (pierced surround for the ducts).
- the surround may be assembled at least in part by the edge of the substrate and / or the cover and / or by the edges of the outer main faces of the cover and / or the substrate.
- the surround is assembled at least in part by the wafer of the substrate and / or the wafer of the chosen plane cover.
- the substrate and / or the hood is thick enough to maintain the surroundings.
- the substrate and / or the cover may have a thickness of between 3 mm and 10 mm, preferably of at least 4 mm, even more preferentially between 4 and
- the entourage may have a rectangular section (maintaining the environment by the edge of the substrate and the edges of the cover) or L (maintaining the environment by the edge of the substrate and the edges of the cover).
- the surround may also be assembled at least in part by the edges of the outer main faces of the cover and / or the substrate.
- the entourage may have a U-shaped section.
- the assembly means may be selected in part from at least one of the following means:
- a vapor-tight water-based material based on hot-melt polymer chosen from at least one of the following families of polymers: ethylene vinyl acetate, polyisobutylene, polyamide, optionally covered with a material that is impervious to liquid water such as polysulfide or polyurethane or silicone,
- a waterproof adhesive vapor and liquid type glue such as a hot melt polyurethane.
- hot-melt polymers can also be in the form of copolymers or branched polymers.
- These three families of hot melt polymers offer a high intrinsic seal, and they are especially very impermeable to water in vapor form. Being hot melt, they are also particularly easy to implement, at a lower cost: they can be injected in liquid or semi-liquid form at the desired locations easily, by known industrial means.
- These polymers are preferably between 40 and 98% by weight of the material constituting the joining joint. Additives can be added, including three different functions.
- At least one crosslinking agent for example of the isocyanate and / or epoxide type
- a number of mineral fillers may be added, preferably in powder form, and for example in oxide aluminum or magnesium, silica sand, quartz, diatomaceous flours, thermal silica also known as pyrogenation, non-fumed silica, silicates such as talc, mica, kaolin, glass microspheres, or other mineral powders such as calcium carbonate, or mineral fibers.
- An example is a saturated hydrocarbon aliphatic resin.
- tackifier instead of or in addition to the use of such a tackifier, one can also play on the distribution of the molar masses present in the hot-melt polymer, particularly in the case of polyisobutylenes: mixing several molar masses allows to have a good resistance to creep in temperature (for high masses) and also to have good adhesion to the materials to be sealed, a good "tack" (for low molar masses).
- thermofusible polymer advantageously have: a water permeability in vapor form less than or equal to
- a seal covering assembly means water vapor tight:
- PU polyurethane
- TPE thermoplastic elastomeric polymer
- thermoplastic injection of a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) / TPE mixture by injection and vulcanization of terpolymer of ethylene, of propylene and of an EPDM diene.
- Polyurethane-based hot-melt glue-type adhesives are particularly preferred, and they provide good impermeability to both water vapor and liquid water.
- Their water permeability in vapor form is typically less than or equal to 3 g / m 2 / 24h, or even close to 2.
- the adhesive should preferably also withstand the take-off by liquid water, ultraviolet as well as pull-ups that can be exerted perpendicular to the faces of the glazing and commonly called shear stresses, and by the pulls exerted parallel to the force the weight of the glazing.
- a satisfactory adhesive should preferably withstand stripping stresses of at least 0.45 MPa.
- the adhesive may have fast bonding properties, of the order of a few seconds.
- the glue can also be slow to check the electrical connections or redo them.
- the assembly means may be electrically insulating, in particular having an electrical conductivity of less than 10 -4 ohm -1 , cm -1 .
- this metal surround can be assembled on most or all of the periphery or on the main external edges of the cover or the substrate - among the means conductive assemblies preferably following: a metal weld, a solder.
- the active device needs electrical connection means to an external power source. These connection means must be designed to avoid any short circuit.
- the active system is arranged between two electrodes.
- the so-called lower electrode is the closest to the substrate (or is even a part of a conductive substrate), the so-called upper electrode is the farthest from the substrate.
- the metal surround according to the invention can advantageously serve at least for a first electrical connection to one of the electrodes.
- the device may comprise at least one of the characteristics described below (cumulative or alternative) for the connection or connections.
- the first electrical connection and preferably for each of the electrical connections, it comprises at least one of the following means:
- An internal electrical connection means preferably thin, in particular selected from at least one of the following electrical connection means associated with the environment:
- At least one electroconductive wire for example metal, for example copper, gold, silver, aluminum, tungsten,
- At least one optionally self-adhesive electroconductive strip in particular of the foil type, for example thick, between approximately 50 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, possibly extending preferably along an internal main edge of the substrate or of the cover for a better current distribution,
- an electroconductive filler in particular a foam, an optionally adhesive material deposited by inkjet loaded with (nano) metal particles of the silver or copper type; an electroconductive enamel, approximately 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m thick, possibly extending preferably along an internal main edge of the substrate or hood for a better distribution of the current
- an electroconductive glue for example a silver-filled epoxy adhesive, - At least one metal weld possibly extending one or more assembly welds.
- a known foil is a thin copper strip of 50 to 50
- the copper strips are covered with a tinning for example tin-based or lead tin alloy to limit corrosion and facilitate electrical contacts for example by metal welds
- the device may comprise, for at least the first electrical connection, an internal connection means projecting over at least one edge of the wafer of said substrate or said cover, and is chosen from one or the following means
- an electroconductive glue an electroconductive thin layer (monolayer or multilayer) possibly transparent, these means being preferably associated with metal joining welds by the edge of the cover or the substrate, and / or an overflowing portion of the one of the electrodes, in particular under a metal weld assembly of the edge of the cover or the substrate.
- the other electrode attached to the substrate may, on the other hand, be non-protruding confined to the main internal face of the substrate.
- one of the electrodes may comprise two protruding portions on two possibly opposing edges of the wafer of the substrate or the cover, one of the protruding parts being electrically insulated from the other protruding part (by any mechanical means chemical or laser treatment) and serving for electrical connection of the other electrode.
- the metal surround may be at least two parts serving for a separate electrical connection, the parts being secured and electrically isolated by at least one of the following means:
- a material based on hot-melt polymer chosen from at least one of the following families of polymers: ethylene vinyl acetate, polyisobutylene, polyamide, optionally covered by a liquid-tight material such as polysulphide or polyurethane or silicone,
- a waterproof adhesive vapor and liquid type hot melt glue such as polyurethane.
- identical means are chosen for the non-conductive assembly means.
- the surround may also be a single piece of metal and preferably, the second electrical connection is made by a through hole formed preferably in the selected dielectric cover, the hole being filled by a metal weld and / or other electroconductive material (foam etc).
- the hole may be of the order of 5 mm.
- a covering metal pellet can be welded around the hole.
- the second electrical connection (and / or the first electrical connection) may alternatively be effected by an electrical connection element protruding outside the device between the metal-based surround and the substrate or the cover, said element being able to be preferably one or more of the following:
- an electroconductive layer (mono or multilayer), preferably thin, for example in conductive enamel or in any material mentioned for the electrodes, possibly electrically insulated if the assembly means are (relatively) conductive and / or the surrounding is in one metal piece
- the cover can be spaced or sealed to the substrate by a so-called peripheral means surrounding the layer or by a means, said covering, on the active system or the substrate and the cover can be kept at a distance by said entourage.
- the space can be filled with gas, neutral or active (for example hydrogen) with respect to the inorganic electrochemical system.
- the device can therefore form a laminated glazing unit.
- Laminated glazings usually consist of two rigid substrates between which provided a sheet or a superposition of polymer sheets of the thermoplastic type.
- the invention also includes so-called "asymmetric" laminated glazings using a single rigid glass-type protective substrate associated with a plurality of polymer protective sheets.
- the invention also includes laminated glazings having at least one interlayer sheet based on a single or double-sided adhesive polymer of the elastomer type (that is to say not requiring a lamination operation in the conventional sense of the term, laminating imposing heating generally under pressure to soften and adhere the thermoplastic interlayer sheet).
- the sealing means may then be a lamination interlayer including a sheet of thermoplastic material polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
- PU thermoplastic material polyurethane
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- the lamination interlayer may make it possible to prevent bending of the bonnet, particularly for devices of large dimension, for example with an area greater than 0.5 m 2 .
- the substrate and the cover may be assembled by a lamination interlayer preferably of substantially the same size.
- the interlayer optionally comprises a network of electroconductive son embedded in its so-called internal surface facing an electrode, and / or an electroconductive layer or electroconductive strips on said inner surface.
- it may include one of the following means of electrical connection associated with one or the other of the electrodes:
- an electroconductive strip in particular a U-shaped strip, preferably of the foil type, fixed to at least one edge of the lamination interlayer (by softening of the thermoplastic material preferably) and in contact with an inner wall of the metallic surround (by welding preferably),
- an electroconductive strip in particular a U-band, preferably of a foil type, with a first end associated with said electrode (preferably by welding) and with a second end in contact with a through hole filled with metallic material of a dielectric cover and between these ends a part crossing said interlayer which is incised.
- the active system with variable energy / optical properties can be of different designs:
- connection methods are suitable for any electrode configuration.
- the lower electrode is an electroconductive layer, wider than the active layer and extending for example on an edge of the substrate.
- the upper electrode is an electroconductive layer extending on the substrate, and extending for example on the opposite edge. Connections occur on the inner face of the substrate and / or on its edge (overflowing electrode ).
- the upper electrode is not reported on the substrate, it is electrically connected:
- the device is necessarily symmetrical. It is thus possible to provide separate electrical connection methods or methods for the two electrodes or asymmetrical assembly methods.
- the electrodes may be electroconductive layers advantageously chosen from metal oxides, especially the following materials:
- doped tin oxide in particular fluorine SnO 2 : F or antimony SnO 2 : Sb
- the precursors that can be used in the case of CVD deposition may be organo-metallic or tin halides associated with a fluorine precursor of hydrofluoric acid or trifluoroacetic acid type
- doped zinc oxide especially with aluminum ZnO: Al
- the precursors that can be used, in the case of CVD deposition may be organo-metallic or zinc and aluminum halides
- gallium ZnO: Ga or doped indium oxide, in particular with tin ITO (the precursors that can be used in the case of CVD deposition may be organometallic or tin and indium halides), or the oxide of zinc-doped indium (IZO).
- any type of transparent electroconductive layer may be used, for example so-called TCO 'layers (for Transparent Conductive Oxide in English), for example of thickness between 20 and 1000 nm.
- TCC transparent conductive coating in English
- Ag Ag, Al, Pd, Cu, Pd, Pt In, Mo, Au and typically of thickness between 2 and 50 nm.
- the electrodes are not necessarily continuous.
- the electrodes can be deposited on a flexible substrate of the PET (polyethylene terephthalate) type that is available, for example, between two sheets of thermoplastic polymer of the PVB (polyvinyl butyral) type, assembling the two rigid protective elements of the glass type.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- the substrate or the cover may be of any kind (mineral, especially glass or organic, especially plastic) as long as they are sufficiently dust-tight, to liquids gases.
- rigid or semi-rigid can be understood to mean an element that may be especially based on glass or polyethylene terephthalate polymer (s), polymethyl methacrylate PMMA or polycarbonate PC
- the substrate and / or the protective cover may in particular be sheets of glass, for example silico-soda-lime, flat, curved and / or tempered, optionally associated with polymer sheets (PET etc.).
- the protective cover may be smaller than or equal to the substrate.
- the cover and / or the substrate may be transparent, semi-opaque, opaque depending on the emission configurations.
- the cover and the surround may present in an assembly area additional roughnesses or textures to slow the penetration some water. It is preferably the main edges of the hood or the substrate.
- the substrate may have a smooth wafer for better assembly.
- the device can also integrate any functionalization (s) known (s) in the field of glazing.
- functionalizations mention may be made of: hydrophobic / oleophobic, hydrophilic / oleophilic layer, anti-fouling photocatalytic, thermal radiation reflective stack (solar control) or infra-red (low-emissive), antireflection, mirror reflecting layer.
- the active device according to the invention (alternative or cumulative choice) may be intended for the building possibly mounted in double glazing, forming a facade, a (door) window.
- the active device according to the invention may be intended for a transport vehicle, such as a rear window, a side window or an automobile roof, a rear-view mirror, a windshield or a part of a windshield or any other vehicle.
- a transport vehicle such as a rear window, a side window or an automobile roof, a rear-view mirror, a windshield or a part of a windshield or any other vehicle.
- the active device according to the invention may be intended for street furniture such as a bus shelter wall, be a display, a jewelery display, a showcase, a greenhouse.
- the active device according to the invention may be intended for interior furnishings, in particular be a shelf element, a mirror, a furniture facade, an aquarium wall, be a pavement, for wall or floor or ceiling coverings,
- the active device according to the invention is optionally placed in front of a light to modulate the intensity or in front of a temporarily masked element, intermittently, especially in the off position.
- the active device according to the invention may be an optical element such as a camera lens, or it may be a front face or element to be placed on or near the front face of a display screen.
- device such as a computer or television or lighting.
- Figs. 1a to 1d show partial schematic views in side and bottom sections of an active device 100 in a first embodiment of the invention.
- the device 100 is an inorganic electrochromic device comprising for example:
- a lower electrode 11 comprising a stack of ITO / ZnO: Al / Ag / ZnO: Al / ITO layers of respective thicknesses 15 to 20 nm for the ITO / 60 at 80 nm for the ZnO: Al / 3 at 15 nm for silver / 60 to 80 nm for ZnO: Al / 15 at 20 nm for HTO, or is based on ITO (tin-doped indium oxide) of 500 nm, deposited under heat ( 350 0 C)
- an active stack 12 formed by a first layer of anodic electrochromic material of iridium oxide (hydrated) of 40 to 100 nm or of nickel oxide hydrated at 40 to 400 nm, alloyed or not with other metals, like cobalt, rhenium, rhodium,
- a first electrolyte layer preferably of 100 nm tungsten oxide, or silicon nitride optionally alloyed with aluminum or boron, boron nitride, aluminum nitride,
- an upper electrode 13 for example based on ITO or SnO 2 : F from 100 to 300 nm.
- the glass sheet 2 is approximately 2 to 10 mm thick, optionally extraclear (high light transmittance T L ), with a surface area of the order of m 2 , and with external main 22 and internal 23 edges. is preferably smooth.
- the device 100 further comprises a protective cover 3 of the system active 12, hood dustproof, air, liquid water, carbonated.
- This cover 3 is preferably a glass sheet which has outer and outer 32 main edges 33 and a wafer 31, the cover can be thin or thick, for example with a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, in particular of the order of mm.
- Sheets 2 and 3 are optionally tempered thermally or chemically and curved.
- the protective cover 3 is for example of the same shape as the substrate 2 for example rectangular.
- the device 710 is laminated with the aid of a lamination interlayer 43, in the form of a thermoplastic sheet, in particular of the PU, PVB or EVA type, for example having a thickness of the order of 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm.
- the device 100 is further provided with a metal surround 50 around the periphery of the device 100, and assembled so as to provide enhanced airtightness, dust, liquid water, gas and better hold mechanical.
- This surround 50 is in two parts 5a, 5b, for example each forming an L, in lateral section.
- Each part 5a, 5b comprises:
- these lateral portions 51, 53 may form two "L” in planar section or, alternatively, not shown, two "U” s.
- the lateral portions 51, 53 may be pressed around the periphery by folding.
- the covering portions 52, 54 can be folded on the cover 3 also by folding.
- the free ends of the two parts of the entourage can overlap in pairs (as shown in Figure Ic).
- This configuration is preferred when the parts are metal foils, for example aluminum of thickness approximately 500 ⁇ m.
- the free ends of the two parts of the entourage may alternatively have complementary shapes adapted to cooperate mutually to achieve their assembly according to an abutment may also overlap two by two (variant shown in Figure Id).
- This configuration is preferred when the parts are thicker in thickness of the order of about 1 mm, for example to facilitate their attachment and / or to stiffen the device 100.
- the entourage may be protected from corrosion for example a polysulfide type plastic 620 or polyimide.
- the inner surfaces of the covering portions 52, 54 and the outer leading edges 32 of the cover 3 may have complementary textures in the joining areas.
- the inner walls of the lateral and covering portions 51 to 54 are assembled to the edge 31 of the cover and to the outer edges 33 of the cover mainly by welds 63, 64, 63 ', 64'.
- An ultrasonic tinning procedure is preferably provided on the cover and / or on the substrate to ensure wettability between the glass and the solder material. Welds 63 and 64 or 63 'and 64' can naturally meet.
- the metal welds 63, 63 ' provide the electrical connections between the two metal parts 50 and the two electrodes 11', 13 '.
- the electrodes are protruding 11 ', 13' each on a distinct edge (here opposite) of the wafer 21 of the substrate. These overflows, for example obtained directly by the electrode deposition method, facilitate electrical connections with metal welds 63, 63 '.
- Each piece 5a, 5b is therefore used for external electrical connections by any means of known connectivity (91.92 son, foil, cards ).
- hot-melt polymer chosen from at least one of the following families of polymers: ethylene vinyl acetate, polyisobutylene, polyamide, for example a gray polyisobutylene marketed by Teroson under the name "Terostat - 969G” from electrical conductivity less than 10 "4 ohm " 1 , cm "1 'material possibly covered by a liquid-tight material such as a polysulfide or polyurethane.
- a glue-type vapor-tight liquid adhesive such as a hot-melt polyurethane.
- welds 63, 63 ' may only be present in a plurality of restricted areas in addition to seals.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of an active device 200 in a second embodiment of the invention.
- This second device 200 differs from the device 100 by the features presented below.
- the upper electrode 13 does not extend on the substrate.
- Other conductive elements are associated with it, for example a layer which is more conductive than it is, and / or with a plurality of strips or conducting wires.
- a network of conducting wires 93 parallel, in grid ...) embedded in the surface of the intermediate sheet 43.
- the end 94 of the wire network 93 makes it possible to connect the upper electrode 13 to the metal weld 63 'via a conductive zone which is preferably a type ⁇ bus bar' 130 in silver conductive enamel for example deposited by silkscreen, then about 10 to 100 ⁇ m thick, or material deposited by ink jet loaded with (nano) metal particles silver or copper type or a foil with a pre-assembled end on the interlayer or a conductive glue type epoxy silver.
- This zone 130 at right angle, overflows on one of the edges of the slice
- the electrode 11 ' is projecting on two edges (here opposite) of the wafer 21.
- One of the overflowing portions which then in contact with the son network 94 thus possibly replacing the bus bar 130.
- the network 93 and the conductive zone 130 do not touch the lower electrode 11 '.
- the network of wires 93 is replaced by at least one electroconductive layer and / or with one or more conductive strips added.
- Each part 5a, 5b of the entourage 50 has a cross section (is devoid of covering portions) a sufficiently thick hood is chosen for the maintenance of the entourage. Naturally the welds 63 and 64 or 63 'and 64' can meet.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of an active device 300 in a third embodiment of the invention.
- This third device 300 differs from the previous devices by the features presented below, especially for the internal connection means.
- the end 94 of the network of wires 93 makes it possible to connect the upper electrode 13 to one of the metal welds 64 'of the cover 3 via a tin-like ribbon band 130' made of tin-plated copper.
- This foil 130 ' has: - a portion at a time (pre) fixed - for example by softening the interlayer - against the insert 43 and plated or fixed - for example by solder or conductive glue including silver epoxy or by ink-jet deposited material loaded with (nano) metal particles silver or copper type - on the inner edge 23 of the substrate,
- Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional view of an active device 400 in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- This device 400 differs from the previous device 300 by the features presented below including the means of internal connections.
- the lower electrode 11 For the power supply of the lower electrode 11, it comprises a first U-shaped foil strip 110 'both (pre) fixed - for example by softening the interlayer - against the insert 43 and plated or fixed - For example by welding, conductive adhesive - on the inner wall of the part 5a, the electrode 11 not overflowing, the inner leading edge of the cover 3.
- the upper electrode 13 For the power supply of the upper electrode 13, it comprises a second U-shaped foil 130 'which passes through the interlayer
- This foil 130 ' is a side plated or fixed - for example by welding, conductive glue including epoxy to the silver or material deposited by ink jet charged with (nano) metal particles silver or copper type - on the inner wall of the part 5a, on the electrode 13 not overflowing, and covers a through hole 311 filled with metal material, preferably metal weld 630 '.
- the hole is 1 to 10 mm wide, preferably 3 to 7 mm wide.
- Figure 5 shows a schematic sectional view of an active device 500 in a fifth embodiment of the invention.
- This device 500 differs from the device 200 by the features presented below.
- the surround 50 serves only for the first electrical connection, it can be a single piece of metal 5a, for example L (and with covering parts), assembled by welds 63 all around.
- a foil-like band 131 is used outside the device and isolated for example by polyimide 132 which is preferably metallized on the outer surface for the welds 63.
- Figure 6 shows a schematic sectional view of an active device 600 in a sixth embodiment of the invention.
- This device 600 differs from the previous device 500 by the features presented below for the external electrical connection means and the assembly means.
- the surround and the associated assembly means form a single element 50 'type adhesive tape comprising an adhesive membrane 61' composed of butyl mass (butyl plastoelastic, butyl rubber) covered on the outer surface of a tear-proof film and resistant to UV and weathering composed of metal and synthetic material (s) 51 '.
- an adhesive membrane 61' composed of butyl mass (butyl plastoelastic, butyl rubber) covered on the outer surface of a tear-proof film and resistant to UV and weathering composed of metal and synthetic material (s) 51 '.
- an adhesive membrane 61' composed of butyl mass (butyl plastoelastic, butyl rubber) covered on the outer surface of a tear-proof film and resistant to UV and weathering composed of metal and synthetic material (s) 51 '.
- For the connections of the electrodes 11 ', 13 two foil type strips 110', 130 'are used on the butyl. These strips are covered or not with a polyimide insulator depending on the
- Figure 7 shows a schematic sectional view of an active device 700 in a seventh embodiment of the invention.
- This device differs from the preceding devices by the features presented below for the assembly of the cover and the substrate and the type of means of external electrical connections.
- the cover 3 and the substrate 2 are assembled by a melted glass frit 42 of thickness of the order of one hundred microns.
- the electrical connections are prepared before assembling the two parts 5a, 5b of the surrounding 50 at the earliest after the formation of the electrodes 11, 13 at the latest before sealing with the glass frit 42.
- two opposite edges of the edge of the substrate 2 are successively immersed in a tin bath or silver to form overflowing layers for the connections 66, 66 '.
- the parts 5a, 5b are assembled and secured by insulating means sealed to vapor and liquid water as already described for the device 600. In a variant, it is soldered at the edge of the foils, preferably before assembly on the substrate, which are at right angles.
- FIGS 8a and 8b show diagrammatic views in section and from above of an active device 800 in an eighth embodiment of the invention.
- This device 800 differs from the preceding devices 700 by the features presented below.
- the cover 3 For the power supply of the upper electrode 13, the cover 3 comprises a through hole 311 facing this electrode 13.
- Conductive material 65 - for example a silver-filled epoxy resin - is injected and forms a column conductive in the respective spaces between the cover and the electrodes 11, 13, in contact with a conductive area, for example a bar bus band 130 enamel to silver.
- a conductive area for example a bar bus band 130 enamel to silver.
- a pellet 312 is welded by its edges a pellet 312 to seal the hole 311.
- Figure 9 shows a schematic sectional view of an active device 900 in a ninth embodiment of the invention.
- This device 900 differs from the device 700 by the features presented below.
- the surround 50 is in two straight metal parts 5a, 5b electrically insulated by the aforementioned sealing means and assembled by welds 63, 63 'electrically insulated from each other also by the aforementioned sealing means. To promote the electrical connections between the welds and the electrodes not projecting over the wafer, it is already possible to preform soldering points before assembly at the periphery of the internal edges 23 of the substrate.
- a cap with a bevel or smaller than that of the substrate is chosen.
- the connections are made on the opposite edges of the substrate.
- the arrangement of the electrodes on the substrate may be distinct.
- the upper electrode may be present at the four corners of the inner edges of the substrate and the lower electrode may follow these inner edges 23 between these corners. We therefore choose the connection positions accordingly.
- the assembly means are essentially or entirely of the metal weld or metal braze type and if the surround is essentially or entirely of metal (in one or two solidarized pieces, of cross section or U ).
- the invention extends further; the essentially organic electrochromic systems for example described in patents EP-253 713 and EP-670 346, the electrolyte being in the form of a polymer or a gel and the other layers being of mineral type.
- viologenic glass which makes it possible to regulate the transmission or light absorption, such as those described in patents US Pat. No. 5,239,406 and EP-612,882.
- Organic materials that may be mentioned include viologenes (bipyridium salts), , 10-dihydrophenazines, 1,4-phenylenediamines, benzidines, metallocenes, Prussian blues or electronically conductive polymers (polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, etc.) or metallopolymers to inorganic electrochromic materials, or even use only organic electrochromic materials
- the structure may be in the form of a 3-layer electrode 1 / active layer AC / electrode layer 2, in which the active "layer” AC is in the form of a polymer matrix, a gel or a liquid.
- the AC layer then comprises in the same medium all the electroactive materials required, namely in particular the anodic and cathodic coloring species and optionally ionic salts having an electrolyte function, solubilized in a propylene carbonate solvent.
- the AC layer may also contain one or more polymers and additives.
- the interpenetrating network polymer systems described in application FR2857759 are also constructed on this three-layer model.
- a 3-layer system with the electrochemically active central layer AC can comprise in the same medium electroactive materials with anodic and cathodic coloration, one or more solvents, optionally one or more polymers and optionally one or more ionic salts acting as electrolyte. if necessary,
- the anodic-colored species are organic compounds such as phenazine derivatives, for example 5,10-dihydrophenazine, 1,4-phenylenediamine, benzidine, metallocene, phenothiazine, carbazole,
- the cathodically-colored species are organic compounds such as viologen derivatives (bipyridinium salt) such as methyl viologen tetrafluoroborates or octyl viologen tetrafluoroborates, or quinone or polythiophenes
- the solvents may be dimethylsulfoxide, N N, N-dimethylformamide, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidinone, gamma butyrolactone, ionic liquids, ethylene glycols, alcohols, ketones, nitriles
- the polymers may be polyethers, polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyacetates, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, celluloses,
- the ionic salts are, for example, lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) salts, trifluoromethanesulfonylimide salts, ammonium salts or ionic liquids,
- the AC layer has a thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m and preferably of 150 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m;
- the active species is in the form of an electrochemically active layer which comprises at least one of the following compounds: tungsten oxide W , niobium Nb, Sn tin, Bi bismuth, vanadium V, nickel Ni, Ir irium, antimony Sb, tantalum Ta, alone or in mixture, and optionally comprising an additional metal such as titanium, tantalum or rhenium, the system further comprises an electrolyte-functional layer which is selected from silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), oxide antimony (Sb 2 O 5 ), nickel oxide (NiO x ), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), ni
- FIG. 10 represents a schematic sectional view of an active device 1000 with an essentially organic or hybrid electrochromic system in a tenth embodiment of the invention.
- This device differs from the previous devices by the features presented below.
- the electrochromic system 12 comprises an organic or hybrid organic-inorganic active layer.
- the upper electrode 13 is deposited on the cover 3 and the peripheral means is a glass spacer 44.
- the lower electrode 12 is connected to one of the metal welds 63 of the substrate via a U-shaped foil strip 110 '.
- This foil comprises:
- the upper electrode 13 ' is connected to one of the metal welds 64' of the cover via a foil tape type 130 in U.
- each electrode 11 ', 13 does not touch the other of the metal welds 63', 64.
- one or both electrodes are overflowing on one edge of the wafer (the substrate or cover) or one or more conductive enamel strips, for example silkscreened and silver, or an inkjet deposited material loaded with (nano) metal particles silver or copper type or the conductive glue or other conductive layers.
- conductive enamel strips for example silkscreened and silver, or an inkjet deposited material loaded with (nano) metal particles silver or copper type or the conductive glue or other conductive layers.
- the devices 100 to 1000 may be intended for the building, thus forming a (part of) facade, a (part of) window or door window.
- the devices 100 to 1000 may be intended for a transport vehicle, such as a rear window, a side window or an automobile roof, a mirror for a mirror or any other land, water or air vehicle, in particular a window or a window. cockpit.
- a transport vehicle such as a rear window, a side window or an automobile roof, a mirror for a mirror or any other land, water or air vehicle, in particular a window or a window. cockpit.
- the devices 100 to 1000 may be intended for street furniture, such as a bus shelter, a display rack, a jewelery display, a showcase, a shelf element, an aquarium wall, a greenhouse.
- the devices 100 to 1000 may be intended for interior furnishings, a furniture facade, a paver, in particular glass, for wall or floor coverings, a ceiling tile for the credence of the kitchen or for the bathroom.
- the devices 100 to 1000 may be optical elements such as camera lenses, or else be as front face or element to be placed on or near the front face of display screens of such apparatus.
- computers or TVs or lighting may be optical elements such as camera lenses, or else be as front face or element to be placed on or near the front face of display screens of such apparatus.
- computers or TVs or lighting may be optical elements such as camera lenses, or else be as front face or element to be placed on or near the front face of display screens of such apparatus. computers or TVs or lighting.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0653173A FR2904437B1 (fr) | 2006-07-28 | 2006-07-28 | Dispositif actif a proprietes energetiques/optiques variables |
PCT/FR2007/051698 WO2008012461A2 (fr) | 2006-07-28 | 2007-07-20 | Dispositif actif à propriétés énergétiques/optiques variables |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2047327A2 true EP2047327A2 (fr) | 2009-04-15 |
Family
ID=37723796
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07823616A Withdrawn EP2047327A2 (fr) | 2006-07-28 | 2007-07-20 | Dispositif actif à propriétés énergétiques/optiques variables |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8035882B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2047327A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2009544997A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20090039810A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101517473B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2904437B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2442203C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008012461A2 (fr) |
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JP2020508491A (ja) | 2017-02-27 | 2020-03-19 | セイジ・エレクトロクロミクス,インコーポレイテッド | 基板および透明導電層を含む電気デバイスおよびその形成プロセス |
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CN109162618B (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种光电调光智能窗结构 |
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- 2007-07-20 CN CN200780035713XA patent/CN101517473B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-20 JP JP2009521310A patent/JP2009544997A/ja active Pending
- 2007-07-20 WO PCT/FR2007/051698 patent/WO2008012461A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-07-20 EP EP07823616A patent/EP2047327A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-20 RU RU2009107054/28A patent/RU2442203C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-07-20 US US12/375,312 patent/US8035882B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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CN101517473A (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
US20090323162A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
RU2009107054A (ru) | 2010-09-10 |
KR20090039810A (ko) | 2009-04-22 |
WO2008012461A3 (fr) | 2008-03-13 |
FR2904437A1 (fr) | 2008-02-01 |
JP2009544997A (ja) | 2009-12-17 |
RU2442203C2 (ru) | 2012-02-10 |
CN101517473B (zh) | 2012-04-11 |
WO2008012461A2 (fr) | 2008-01-31 |
US8035882B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 |
FR2904437B1 (fr) | 2008-10-24 |
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