Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
  • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
  • F17C11/007—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrocarbon gases, such as methane or natural gas, propane, butane or mixtures thereof [LPG]
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0341—Filters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
  • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
  • Y10S502/526—Sorbent for fluid storage, other than an alloy for hydrogen storage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a gas pressure vessel and its use for filling a further gas pressure vessel.
• Gas-powered vehicles are an alternative to conventional vehicles powered by gasoline or diesel fuel.
• the high pressures which corresponding storage containers must have are a technical problem. It is known that the pressure required in a storage container, such as a tank, in order to store a sufficient amount of gas is reduced can be when an adsorbent is provided in the tank. By this adsorbent can be reduced for the same amount of pressure required for the container.
• a motor vehicle having such a container containing an adsorbent is disclosed in JP-A 2002/267096.
• JP-A 2003/278997 proposes to solve this problem, the filling of a container in a vehicle by directly connecting this to a city gas line, with a compressor is interposed perform.
• gas pressure vessel which may for example be part of a gas station, which allows a comparatively simple filling of a motor vehicle, as is currently the case with gas-driven vehicles with a pressure vessel without adsorbent and in which the adsorbent is protected from contamination ,
• An object of the present invention is thus to provide such containers.
• the object is achieved by a gas pressure vessel with a minimum volume of 1 m 3 and a predetermined maximum filling pressure for receiving, storing and dispensing a gaseous under storage conditions fuel gas, which is suitable to drive by burning a vehicle, characterized in that the gas pressure vessel a filter by which the fuel gas can flow at least during the intake or the delivery, the filter being adapted to remove possible impurities of the fuel gas from the stream, and wherein the impurities are suitable, an adsorbent used for storing the fuel gas in its storage capacity lower than the fuel gas.
• the fuel gas may be a clean gas or a gas mixture, the fuel gas being suitable for driving a vehicle by burning it.
• the fuel gas contains at least one of hydrogen or methane.
• the pure gases are used, but rather gases from natural sources containing the pure gases hydrogen and / or methane. This is preferably city gas or natural gas. Very particular preference is natural gas.
• the fuel gas is gaseous under storage conditions. This means that the fuel gas in the gas pressure vessel is in gaseous state. Accordingly, the fuel gas is present in the gaseous state up to a pressure which corresponds to the maximum filling pressure of the gas pressure vessel. This should apply for a temperature range of up to -20 ° C.
• the gas pressure container to a filter through which the fuel gas can flow at least during recording or during the delivery, wherein the filter is adapted to remove possible impurities of the fuel gas from the stream and wherein the impurities are suitable, a for storing the fuel gas used adsorbent in its storage capacity to reduce the fuel gas.
• the object of the filter is thus to protect inserted adsorbent from contamination in order to ensure its sufficient storage capacity for the fuel gas.
• impurities may be at least one higher hydrocarbon, ammonia or hydrogen sulfide or a mixture of two or more of these.
• impurities may be carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide.
• at least one odorant may also constitute an impurity.
• Odorianssschers is called tetrahydrothiophene.
• numerous gaseous foreign substances are possible, through which the fuel gas may be contaminated and may specifically disturb the adsorbent.
• higher hydrocarbons examples include ethane, propane, butane and other higher alkanes and their unsaturated analogues.
• the type of contamination depends on the fuel gas used and on its production or extraction process.
• the adsorbent used can be present in the gas pressure vessel according to the invention. Another possibility is that the adsorbent used is located in another gas pressure vessel, which is located in or on a vehicle. In this case, it can be avoided by the filter that when filling the additional gas pressure vessel in or on the vehicle, the adsorbent used there is adversely affected by impurities in its storage capacity relative to the fuel gas.
• filter is used in a simplified manner, even if these are multiple filters.
• the fuel gas can flow through the filter when it is received in the gas pressure vessel according to the invention.
• the fuel gas is already cleaned for storage with the aim of later delivery to a vehicle.
• This is particularly useful when an adsorbent is already used in the gas pressure vessel according to the invention. In this way it can be avoided that the adsorbent used in the gas pressure vessel according to the invention is affected by impurities in its storage capacity relative to the fuel gas.
• the inclusion of the fuel gas in the gas pressure vessel according to the invention can be carried out by means known in the art for receiving the fuel gas.
• a conventional valve technology can be used, wherein expediently a supply line is present, which leads into the gas pressure vessel and which expediently has at least one valve.
• the filter may represent a part of the supply line, although other components may also be present.
• several supply lines may be present, which may also contain several filters or no filter accordingly.
• the supply line to the gas pressure vessel for receiving the fuel gas in the gas pressure vessel can also serve to deliver the fuel gas.
• the fuel gas can flow through the filter again.
• the supply line, which simultaneously represents the discharge has a bypass which allows a bypass of the filter.
• other lines may be present, which serve for receiving and / or delivery and which have no filter.
• the means for receiving the fuel gas in the gas pressure container according to the invention may be equipped with the filter.
• the means for emitting the fuel gas may be provided with a filter such that when the fuel gas is discharged, it flows through the filter.
• the means for dispensing may be conventional valve and line technology. This should be dimensioned so that the filling of another pressure vessel in or on a vehicle takes a maximum of 3 to 5 minutes.
• the means for emitting the fuel gas can furthermore have means for cooling (for example in the form of at least one inlet and outlet with cooling liquid).
• means for cooling for example in the form of at least one inlet and outlet with cooling liquid.
• the means for discharging the fuel gas additionally have an exhaust, the expanded fuel gas, which has passed through the further gas pressure vessel for cooling or flows back into the gas pressure vessel according to the invention.
• a gas pressure vessel in which the filter is flowed through only when the fuel gas is discharged is particularly suitable when the gas pressure vessel has no Adsor- bens and this is also used for conventional gas filling in vehicles, wherein the gas pressure vessel located in the vehicle no adsorbent for storage of the fuel gas.
• the gas pressure vessel can be used dual in the presence of means for dispensing the fuel gas, which have no filter. It is then the conventional delivery of the fuel gas to a known in the art gas-powered vehicle possible, in which case the use of the filter is not required and therefore it is preferably avoided. If the fuel gas is now to be delivered to a vehicle whose further gas pressure vessel has an adsorbent for storing the fuel gas, the fuel gas can be released through the filter so that the adsorbent in the vehicle is protected from contamination.
• the means for receiving the fuel gas in the gas pressure vessel according to the present invention also serve to deliver the fuel gas.
• the means for receiving and the means for delivery have a filter. In such a case, therefore, several separate filters are required.
• the maximum filling pressure is 300 bar (absolute). This value corresponds approximately to the maximum filling pressure which is maintained in conventional filling systems for gas-powered motor vehicles if they have no adsorbent for storing the fuel gas.
• the maximum inflation pressure of the gas pressure vessel of the present invention may also be lower than 300 bar (absolute).
• the maximum filling pressure for the gas pressure vessel according to the invention is therefore preferably 200 bar (absolute).
• the maximum filling pressure should be above 100 bar in order to ensure a sufficient pressure gradient for the delivery of the fuel gas to the further gas pressure vessel in or on the vehicle. Accordingly, the maximum filling pressure for the further gas pressure vessel mounted in or on a vehicle is 100 bar (absolute), preferably 80 bar (absolute), more preferably 50 bar (absolute). However, this should not be less than 10 bar (absolute).
• the predetermined maximum filling pressure for the gas pressure vessel according to the invention may be lower than 300 bar (absolute). This is particularly important because of the lower maximum pressure, a more cost-effective design of the gas pressure vessel is possible.
• the maximum filling pressure of a gas pressure vessel according to the invention, which has an adsorbent for storing the fuel gas is 150 bar (absolute).
• the maximum filling pressure is 100 bar (absolute), more preferably 90 bar (absolute). In this case, however, it should be noted in particular that there is a pressure gradient of inventive gas pressure vessel to further gas pressure vessel in or on a vehicle in the direction of the vehicle.
• the valve for the delivery of the fuel gas should have a larger cross-section by about a factor of 3.
• the gas pressure container according to the invention may, as has already been stated, comprise means for receiving and means for emitting the fuel gas, at least in one case containing a filter.
• feed and / or discharge lines are usually used, which have such a filter and are also equipped with appropriate valves.
• other components may be present.
• sensors that examine the quality of the fuel gas. Such sensors may be present in front of the filter in the flow direction or arranged downstream of the latter.
• a control technology can be provided, which close at correspondingly high impurity content existing valves in order to avoid that the adsorbent used for storing the fuel gas is impaired in its storage capacity relative to the fuel gas.
• the means for receiving the fuel gas in the gas pressure vessel according to the invention may further comprise a compressor which serves to fill the gas pressure vessel and can build up the required pressure.
• the filter may for example be in the form of an exchangeable cartridge or be an integral part of an inlet and / or outlet.
• the impurities are bound by adsorption to a corresponding adsorbent in the filter.
• Suitable adsorbents are metal oxides, molecular sieves, zeolites, activated carbon as well as the porous organometallic framework described in more detail below and mixtures thereof.
• combination filters are suitable which contain several different adsorbents which have been optimized for certain impurities.
• one or more filters containing different adsorbents for separating impurities can be used.
• the adsorbents used in the filter for separating the impurities from the fuel gas can optionally be regenerated after removal or without these being removed. This can be done for example by baking. In general, it is possible to remove such impurities by pressure swing adsorption or temperature swing adsorption or combinations thereof.
• the filter is preceded by a desiccant, which deprives the fuel gas e- existing moisture (water).
• a plurality of inlets and / or outlets may be provided which have filters, wherein the uptake and / or release of the fuel gas takes place in such a way that at least one conduit serves to receive or dispense via a filter, at least one further conduit being present the filter is regenerated at the same time.
• the gas pressure vessel according to the invention has a minimum volume of 1 in 3 .
• the gas pressure vessel has a minimum volume of 10 m 3 , more preferably more than 100 m 3 .
• gas pressure vessel is also used in the case where a plurality of interconnected gas pressure vessels are used.
• gas pressure vessel also includes the embodiment in which a plurality of interconnected gas pressure vessels are used.
• the minimum volume stated above refers to the sum of the individual minimum volumes.
• the filter may be present at least at one of the gas pressure vessel. Likewise, the filter may be present on several gas pressure vessels.
• the gas pressure vessel according to the invention thus serves for receiving, storing and dispensing a fuel gas which is suitable for driving a vehicle by burning it.
• Another object of the present invention is thus the use of a gas pressure vessel according to the invention for filling a further gas pressure vessel, wherein the further gas pressure vessel is located in or on a vehicle and contains an adsorbent for storing the fuel gas.
• the vehicle may be, for example, a passenger car or a truck.
• the volume of the further gas pressure vessel, which is located in or on the vehicle, is in the range of 50 to 500 I.
• a filter may also be present.
• the adsorbent used to store the fuel gas may be activated carbon or a porous organometallic framework.
• the storage density in a gas pressure vessel with adsorbent with respect to the fuel gas should at 25 ° C at least 50 g / l, preferably at least 80 g / l for methane-containing and at least 25 g / l, preferably at least 35 g / l for hydrogen-containing fuel gases.
• the activated carbon is in the form of a shaped body and has a specific surface area of at least 500 m 2 / g (Langmuir, N 2 , 77 K). More preferably, the specific surface area is at least 750 m 2 / g, and most preferably at least 1000 m 2 / g.
• the adsorbent for storing the fuel gas is a porous organometallic framework material.
• the porous organometallic framework contains at least one at least one metal ion coordinated at least bidentate organic compound.
• This metal-organic framework (MOF) is described for example in US 5,648,508, EP-AO 790 253, M. O'Keeffe et al., J. sol. State Chem., 152 (2000), pages 3 to 20, H. Li et al., Nature 402 (1999), page 276, M. Eddaoudi et al., Topics in Catalysis 9 (1999), p 105 to 11 1, B. Chen et al., Science 291 (2001), pages 1021 to 1023 and DE-A-101 11 230.
• MOF metal-organic framework
• the MOFs according to the present invention contain pores, in particular micro and / or mesopores.
• Micropores are defined as those with a diameter of 2 nm or smaller and mesopores are defined by a diameter between 2 and 50 nm, each according to the definition, as described by Pure Applied Chem. 57 (1985), pages 603-619, in particular on Page 606 is specified.
• the presence of micro- and / or mesopores can be checked by means of sorption measurements, these measurements determining the absorption capacity of the organometallic frameworks for nitrogen at 77 Kelvin according to DIN 66131 and / or DIN 66134.
• the specific surface area - calculated according to the Langmuir model (DIN 66131, 66134) for a MOF in powder form is preferably more than 5 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 10 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 50 m 2 / g , more preferably more than 500 m 2 / g, even more preferably more than 1000 m 2 / g and particularly preferably more than 1500 m 2 / g.
• MOF shaped bodies can have a lower specific surface;
• the total length of the flywheel is 1100 mm 22 // gg, the maximum load is 50 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 500 m 2 / g, and in particular more than 1000 m 2 / g.
• the metal component in the framework of the present invention is preferably selected from Groups Ia, IIa, MIa, IVa to Villa and Ib to VIb. Particularly preferred are Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni , Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb and Bi. More preferred are Zn, Cu, Mg, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, Lu, Ti, Zr, V, Fe, Ni, and Co.
• Cu, Zn, Al, Fe, and Co. are particularly preferred.
• At least bidentate organic compound refers to an organic compound containing at least one functional group capable of having at least two, preferably two coordinative, bonds to a given metal ion, and / or to form two or more, preferably two metal atoms in each case a coordinative bond.
• Examples of functional groups which can be used to form the abovementioned coordinative bonds are, for example, the following functional groups: -CO 2 H, -CS 2 H, -NO 2 , -B (OH) 2 , -SO 3 H, - Si (OH) 3, -Ge (OH) 3, -Sn (OH) 3, -Si (SH) 4, - Ge (SH) 4, -Sn (SH) 3, -PO 3 H, 3 H -AsO , -AsO 4 H, -P (SH) 3 , -As (SH) 3 , -CH (RSH) 2 , -C (RSH) 3 -CH (RNH 2 ), -C (RNH 2 ) 3 , -CH (ROH) 2 , -C (ROH) 3 , -CH (RCN) 2 , -C (RCN) 3 where, for example, R preferably represents an alkylene group having 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms
• functional groups are to be mentioned in which the abovementioned radical R is absent.
• -CH (SH) 2 , -C (SH) 3 -CH (NH 2 ) 2 , -C (NH 2 J 3 , -CH (OH) 2 , -C (OH) 3 , -CH (CN) 2 or -C (CN) 3 TO call.
• the at least two functional groups can in principle be bound to any suitable organic compound as long as it is ensured that the organic compound having these functional groups is capable of forming the coordinative bond and the preparation of the framework.
• the organic compounds containing the at least two functional groups derived from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic compound o- of an aromatic compound or an aliphatic as well as aromatic compound are preferred.
• the aliphatic compound or the aliphatic portion of the both aliphatic and aromatic compound may be linear and / or branched and / or cyclic, wherein also several cycles per compound are possible. More preferably, the aliphatic compound or the aliphatic portion of the both aliphatic and aromatic compound contains 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 14, further preferably 1 to 13, further preferably 1 to 12, further preferably 1 to 1 1 and especially preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 C atoms. Methane, adamantane, acetylene, ethylene or butadiene are particularly preferred in this case.
• the aromatic compound or the aromatic part of both aromatic and aliphatic compound may have one or more cores, such as two, three, four or five cores, wherein the cores may be separated from each other and / or at least two nuclei in condensed form.
• the aromatic compound or the aromatic moiety of the both aliphatic and aromatic compounds has one, two or three nuclei, with one or two nuclei being particularly preferred.
• each nucleus of the named compound may contain at least one heteroatom, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Al, preferably N, O and / or S.
• the aromatic compound or the aromatic moiety of the both aromatic and aliphatic compounds contains one or two C 6 cores, the two being either separately or in condensed form.
• benzene, naphthalene and / or biphenyl and / or bipyridyl and / or pyridyl may be mentioned as aromatic compounds.
• the at least bidentate organic compound is derived from a di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acid or its sulfur analogs.
• the term "derive" in the context of the present invention means that the at least bidentate organic compound can be present in the framework material in partially deprotonated or completely deprotonated form. Furthermore, the at least bidentate organic compound may contain further substituents, such as -OH, -NH 2 , - OCH 3 , -CH 3 , -NH (CH 3 ), -N (CH 3 J 2 , -CN and halides.
• dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 4-oxo-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid bonic acid, 1,9-heptadecane dicarboxylic acid, heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4.
• dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 4-oxo-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic
• 4,5-dicarboxylic acid 1, 4,5,6,7,7, hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, phenylindane-1-carboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-4,5 dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 2-benzoylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-cis-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2'-dicarboxylic acid.
• Bichinolin-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedicarboxylic acid, O-hydroxybenzophenone dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 300 dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 400 dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 600 dicarboxylic acid, pyrazole-3 , 4-dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dimethyl-2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-
• Tricarboxylic acids such as 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-2,3,8-quinolinetricarboxylic acid, 1, 2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1, 2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphono-1, 2,4- butanetricarboxylic acid, 1, 3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo [2,3-F] quinoline -2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, 5-acetyl-3-amino-6-methylbenzene-1, 2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 3-amino-5-benzoyl-6-methylbenzene-1, 2,4-tricarbon acid, 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid or aurintricarboxylic acid,
• each of the cores can contain at least one heteroatom, where two or more nuclei have identical or different heteroatoms may contain.
• monocarboxylic dicarboxylic acids preference is given to monocarboxylic dicarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic tricarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic tetracarboxylic acids, dicercaric dicarboxylic acids, dicercaric tricarboxylic acids, dicerous tetracarboxylic acids, tricyclic dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic tricarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic tetracarboxylic acids, tetracyclic dicarboxylic acids, tetracyclic tricarboxylic acids and / or tetracyclic tetracarboxylic acids.
• Suitable heteroatoms are, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Al, preferred heteroatoms here are N, S and / or O.
• a suitable substituent in this regard is, inter alia, -OH, a nitro group, an amino group or an alkyl or To name alkoxy group.
• acetylenedicarboxylic acid ADC
• benzenedicarboxylic acids naphthalenedicarboxylic acids
• biphenyl nyldicarboxylic acids such as 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BPDC)
• bipyridinedicarboxylic acids such as 2,2'-bipyridine dicarboxylic acids such as 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5-dicarboxylic acid
• benzene tricarboxylic acids such as 1, 2,3-benzenetricarboxylic or 1, 3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), adamantane tetracarboxylic acid (ATC), adamantane dibenzoate (ADB) benzene tribenzoate (BTB), methanetetrabenzoate (MTB), adamantane tetrabenzoate or dihydroxyterephthalic acids such as 2,5
• Isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid or 2,2-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid are very particularly preferably used.
• the MOF may also comprise one or more monodentate ligands.
• Suitable solvents for the preparation of the MOF include ethanol, dimethylformamide, toluene, methanol, chlorobenzene, diethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, water, hydrogen peroxide, methylamine, sodium hydroxide, N-methylpolidone ether, acetonitrile, benzyl chloride, triethylamine, ethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
• Further metal ions, at least bidentate organic compounds and solvents for the preparation of MOF are described inter alia in US Pat. No. 5,648,508 or DE-A 101 11 230.
• the pore size of the MOF can be controlled by choice of the appropriate ligand and / or the at least bidentate organic compound. Generally, the larger the organic compound, the larger the pore size.
• the pore size is preferably from 0.2 nm to 30 nm, more preferably the pore size is in the range from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, based on the crystalline material.
• pores also occur whose size distribution can vary.
• more than 50% of the total pore volume, in particular more than 75%, of pores having a pore diameter of up to 1000 nm is formed.
• a majority of the pore volume of pores becomes two
• Diameter ranges formed It is therefore further preferred if more than 25% of the total pore volume, in particular more than 50% of the total pore volume, is formed by pores which are in a diameter range of 100 nm to 800 nm and if more than 15% of the total pore volume, in particular more than 25% of the total pore volume is formed by pores, which in a diameter range of up to 10 nm.
• the pore distribution can be determined by means of mercury porosimetry.
• MOFs The following are examples of MOFs.
• the metal and the at least bidentate ligands, the solvent and the cell parameters are also indicated. The latter were determined by X-ray diffraction.
• organometallic frameworks are MOF-2 to 4, MOF-9, MOF-31 to 36, MOF-39, MOF-69 to 80, MOF103 to 106, MOF-122, MOF-125, MOF-150, MOF-177, MOF-178, MOF-235, MOF-236, MOF-500, MOF-501, MOF-502, MOF-505, IRMOF-1, IR-MOF-61, IRMOP-13, IRMOP-51, MIL-17, MIL-45, MIL-47, MIL-53, MIL-59, MIL-60, MIL-61, MIL-63, MIL-68, MIL-79, MIL-80, MIL-83, MIL-85, CPL 1 to 2, SZL-1 which are described in the literature.
• a porous organometallic framework material in which Zn, Al or Cu as the metal ion and the at least bidentate organic compound are terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid.
• MOFs In addition to the conventional method for producing the MOF, as described for example in US 5,648,508, they can also be prepared by electrochemical means. In this regard, reference is made to DE-A 103 55 087 and WO-A 2005/049892.
• the MOFs produced in this way have particularly good properties in connection with the adsorption and desorption of chemical substances, in particular of gases. They are thus different from those produced conventionally, too if these are formed from the same organic and metal ion components and are therefore to be considered as new frameworks. In the context of the present invention, electrochemically produced MOFs are particularly preferred.
• the electrochemical preparation relates to a crystalline porous organometallic framework material comprising at least one at least one metal ion coordinatively bound, at least bidentate organic compound which is obtained in a reaction medium containing the at least one bidentate organic compound characterized in that at least one metal ion by oxidation at least an anode containing the corresponding metal is produced.
• electrochemical preparation refers to a production process in which the formation of at least one reaction product is associated with the migration of electrical charges or the occurrence of electrical potentials.
• At least one metal ion refers to embodiments according to which at least one ion of a metal or at least one ion of a first metal and at least one ion of at least one second metal different from the first metal by anodic Oxidation be provided.
• the electrochemical preparation comprises embodiments in which at least one ion of at least one metal is provided by anodic oxidation and at least one ion of at least one metal via a metal salt, the at least one metal in the metal salt and the at least one metal that is anodic Oxidation can be provided as a metal ion, the same or different from each other.
• the present invention encompasses an embodiment in which the reaction medium contains one or more different salts of a metal and the metal ion contained in that salt or salts is additionally provided by anodic oxidation of at least one anode containing that metal , Likewise, the reaction medium may contain one or more different salts of at least one metal and at least one metal other than these metals may be provided via anodic oxidation as the metal ion in the reaction medium.
• the at least one metal ion is replaced by Nodal oxidation of at least one of this at least one metal-containing A node provided, wherein no further metal is provided via a metal salt.
• metal as used in the context of the present invention in connection with the electrochemical preparation of MOFs includes all elements of the periodic table which can be provided via anodic oxidation by electrochemical means in a reaction medium and with at least one at least bidentate organic compounds at least one organometallic porous framework material are capable of forming.
• the resulting MOF is obtained in powder form or as an agglomerate.
• This can be used as such as a sorbent in the process according to the invention alone or together with other sorbents or other materials. This is preferably done as bulk material, in particular in a fixed bed.
• the MOF can be converted into a shaped body. Preferred methods here are the extrusion or tableting.
• additional materials such as binders, lubricants, or other additives may be added to the MOF.
• mixtures of MOF and other adsorbents, for example activated carbon are produced as shaped articles or separately give shaped articles, which are then used as shaped-body mixtures.
• pellets such as disc-shaped pellets, pills, spheres, granules, extrudates such as strands, honeycomb, mesh or hollow body may be mentioned.
• Foaming in porous plastics such as e.g. Polyurethane.
• Kneading and molding may be done according to any suitable method as described, for example, in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th Edition, Volume 2, pp. 313 et seq. (1972), the contents of which are incorporated by reference in the context of the present application in its entirety ,
• kneading and / or shaping by means of a piston press, roll press in the presence or absence of at least one binder material, compounding, pelleting, tableting, extrusion, coextrusion, foaming, spinning, coating, granulation, preferably spray granulation, spraying, spray drying may be preferred or a combination of two or more of these methods.
• pellets, strands and / or tablets are produced.
• Kneading and / or molding may be carried out at elevated temperatures such as, for example, in the range of room temperature to 300 ° C and / or elevated pressure such as in the range of normal pressure up to a few hundred bar and / or in a protective gas atmosphere such as in the presence of at least one Noble gas, nitrogen or a mixture of two or more thereof.
• elevated temperatures such as, for example, in the range of room temperature to 300 ° C and / or elevated pressure such as in the range of normal pressure up to a few hundred bar and / or in a protective gas atmosphere such as in the presence of at least one Noble gas, nitrogen or a mixture of two or more thereof.
• binders may be both viscosity-increasing and viscosity-reducing compounds.
• Preferred binders include, for example, binders containing alumina or alumina, as described, for example, in WO 94/29408 silicon dioxide, as described, for example, in EP 0 592 050 A1, mixtures of silica and aluminum oxide, as described, for example, in WO 94/13584, clay minerals, as described, for example, in JP 03-037156 A, For example, montmorillonite, kaolin, bentonite, halloysite, dickite, nacrit and anauxite, alkoxysilanes, as described for example in EP 0102 544 B1, for example tetraalkoxysilanes such as tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, or example Trialkoxysi- lane such as trimethoxysilane Triethoxysilane, tripropoxysilane, tributoxy
• an organic compound and / or a hydrophilic polymer such as cellulose or a cellulose derivative such as methylcellulose and / or a polyacrylate and / or a polymethacrylate and / or a polyvinyl alcohol and / or or a polyvinylpyrrolidone and / or a polyisobutene and / or a polytetrahydrofuran.
• a pasting agent inter alia, preferably water or at least one alcohol such as a monoalcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1 - propanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol or a mixture of water and at least one of said alcohols or a polyhydric alcohol such as a glycol, preferably a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol, alone or in admixture with water and / or at least one of said monohydric alcohols are used.
• a monoalcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1 - propanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol or a mixture of water and at least one of said alcohols or a polyhydric alcohol such as a glyco
• the order of the additives, such as template compound, binder, pasting agent, viscosity-increasing substance during shaping and kneading is basically not critical.
• the molded article obtained according to kneading and / or molding is subjected to at least one drying, which is generally carried out at a temperature in the range from 25 to 300 ° C., preferably in the range from 50 to 300 ° C. and more preferably in Range of 100 to 300 ° C is performed.
• at least one drying which is generally carried out at a temperature in the range from 25 to 300 ° C., preferably in the range from 50 to 300 ° C. and more preferably in Range of 100 to 300 ° C is performed.
• E- benso it is possible to dry in vacuo or under a protective gas atmosphere or by spray drying.
• At least one of the compounds added as additives is at least partially removed from the shaped body.

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