EP1963362B1 - Metastin derivatives and use thereof - Google Patents

Metastin derivatives and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1963362B1
EP1963362B1 EP06843555A EP06843555A EP1963362B1 EP 1963362 B1 EP1963362 B1 EP 1963362B1 EP 06843555 A EP06843555 A EP 06843555A EP 06843555 A EP06843555 A EP 06843555A EP 1963362 B1 EP1963362 B1 EP 1963362B1
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Prior art keywords
arg
phe
trp
compound
leu
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EP1963362A1 (en
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Taiji Asami
Naoki Nishizawa
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Takeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Takeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Priority to SI200631152T priority Critical patent/SI1963362T1/sl
Priority to PL06843555T priority patent/PL1963362T3/pl
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    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to metastin derivatives and use thereof.
  • Human-derived metastin also called KiSS-1 peptide
  • mouse or rat-derived metastin WO 01/75104
  • Sustained release preparations containing metastin are also known ( WO 02/85399 ).
  • metastin has an effect of suppressing cancer metastasis and is thus effective for preventing or treating cancers (for example, lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, colonic cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, brain tumor, etc.); metastin also has an effect of controlling the pancreatic function and is effective for preventing or treating pancreatic diseases (e.g., acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, etc.); and metastin further has an effect of controlling placental function and is effective for preventing or treating choriocarcinoma, hydatid mole, invasive mole, miscarriage, fetal hypoplasia, abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal lipid metabolism or abnormal delivery ( WO 00/24890 , WO 01/75104 and WO 02/85399 ).
  • cancers for example, lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, color
  • EP-A-1577323 describes metastin derivatives which exhibit cancer metastasis or cancer growth inhibition activity, and which have good blood stability.
  • WO2004/060264 describes modified peptides which correspond to, or are analogous to, a portion of the metastin amino acid sequence, which exhibit cancer metastasis inhibiting activity and cancer proliferating inhibiting activity.
  • the present invention aims at providing stable metastin derivatives having excellent biological activities (a cancer metastasis suppressing activity, a cancer growth suppressing activity, a gonadotrophic hormone secretion stimulating activity, sex hormone secretion stimulating activity, etc.).
  • the present inventors have made extensive studies to solve the foregoing problems and as a result, have found that by substituting the constituent amino acids of metastin with specific amino acids, unexpectedly blood stability, solubility, etc. are more improved, gelation tendency is reduced, pharmacokinetics are also improved, and an excellent cancer metastasis suppressing activity or a cancer growth suppressing activity is exhibited.
  • the present inventors have further found that unexpectedly these metastin derivatives have an effect of suppressing the gonadotropic hormone secretion, an effect of suppressing the sex hormone secretion, etc., which are totally different from the effects known so far. Based on these findings, the present inventors have continued further investigations and come to accomplish the present invention.
  • the present invention provides the following features, and so on.
  • the present invention further provides the following features, and so on.
  • Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) is referred to as metastin 10 (Metastin 10), i.e., MS10.
  • N-terminal Tyr and the C-terminal Phe in MS 10 are counted as the 1- and 10-positions, respectively.
  • [Hph10]MS10 means a peptide wherein Phe at the C terminus (10-position) of MS10 is substituted with Hph.
  • des(1)-MS10 means a peptide wherein Tyr at the N terminus (1-position) of MS10 is deleted.
  • des(1-3)-Fmoc-MS10 means a peptide wherein Tyr-Asn-Trp at the N terminus (1 to 3-positions) is deleted and the amino group of Asn at the 4-position is modified with Fmoc.
  • des(1)-Ac-[D-Tyr2,D-Trp3,Thr5,AzaGly7,D-Arg9,Trp10]MS10 of Compound No. 708 means a peptide wherein the amino end of MS 10 is modified with Ac, Tyr at the N terminus (1-position) is deleted, Asn at the 2-position is substituted with D-Tyr, Trp at the 3-position is substituted with D-Trp, Ser at the 5-position is substituted with Thr, Gly at the 7-position is substituted with AzaGly, Arg at the 9-position is substituted with D-Arg and Phe at the 10-position is substituted with Trp, i.e., Ac-D-Tyr-D-Trp-Asn-Thr-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-D-Arg-Trp-NH 2 .
  • the metastin derivatives can be represented by the formula:
  • XX0 represents a modifying group at the amino end; and each of XX2, XX3, XX4, XX5, XX6, XX8, XX9 and XX10 represents 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 8-, 9- and 10-positions of MS 10 described above, respectively.
  • the chemical bond "-" in the formula "XX0-XX2" means a bond between the group represented by XX0 and the amino group ( ⁇ -amino group) containing in XX2. More specifically, formula "XX0-XX2" represents the hydrogen atom in the amino group (NH 2 ) contained in XX2 is substituted with a group represented by XX0.
  • the chemical bond "-" in the formula "XX10-NH 2 " represents the bond between the carboxyl group ( ⁇ -carboxyl group) and -NaH2. More specifically, the formula “XX10-NH 2 " indicates that -OH in the carboxyl group (-COOH) contained XX10 is substituted with -NH 2 .
  • XX2 can represent a chemical bond "-," and this chemical bond "-" has the same significance as described above.
  • metastin derivatives of the present invention the following definitions are used:
  • Aze(2) represents [azetidine-2-carboxylic acid]
  • Aze(3) represents [azetidine-3-carboxylic acid]
  • Pic(2) represents [pipecolinic acid]
  • Pic(3) represents [3-piperidinecarboxylic acid]
  • D-Dap represents [D-2,3-diaminopropionic acid]
  • D-Pya(4) represents [4-pyridyl-D-alanine]
  • Hyp represents [trans-4-hydroxyproline]
  • Thz represents [thioproline]
  • Aib represents [ ⁇ -aminoisobutanoic acid]
  • Abz(2) represents [2-aminobenzoic acid]
  • Abz(3) represents [3-aminobenzoic acid]
  • Izc represents [imidazolidine-2-carboxylic acid]
  • DL-Ala(Pip) represents [DL-(4-piperidin-1-yl)alanine]
  • Pzc(2) represents [piperazine-2-carbox
  • the amino acid may be either an L-amino acid or a D-amino acid.
  • Alanine may be ⁇ -alanine or ⁇ -alanine unless otherwise indicated.
  • Further definitions include D-NMeAla [D-N ⁇ -methylalanine], D-NMePhe [D-N ⁇ -methylphenylalanine], Ala(cPr) [cyclopropylalanine], Arg(me) [N ⁇ -methylarginine], threo-Ser(3Phenyl), erythro-Ser(3Phenyl), substituted phenylalanine, selected from Phe(2F) [2-fluorophenylalanine], Phe(3F) [3-fluorophenylalanine], Phe(4F) [4-fluorophenylalanine], Phe(4Cl) [4-chlorophenylalanine], Phe(2Me), Phe(3Me), and Phe(4
  • AzaGly represents azaglycine
  • the metastin derivatives of the present invention are:
  • the compounds represented by the following compound numbers are preferred as the metastin derivatives.
  • the metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs have excellent blood stability, solubility, etc., in addition to the excellent effects of suppressing cancer metastasis and cancer growth, and are useful as agents for preventing or treating cancers (for example, lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, colonic cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, etc.).
  • the metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs have the effect of controlling pancreatic function and are useful as agents for preventing or treating pancreatic diseases (e.g., acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, etc.).
  • the metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs have the effect of controlling placental function and are useful as agents for preventing or treating choriocarcinoma, hydatid mole, invasive mole, miscarriage, fetal hypoplasia, abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal lipid metabolism or induction of delivery.
  • metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs have the effects of increasing sugar level, promoting pancreatic glucagon secretion and promoting urine formation, and are useful as agents for preventing or treating obesity, hyperlipemia, type II diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, edema, urinary disturbances, insulin resistance, unstable diabetes mellitus, fatty atrophy, insulin allergy, insulinoma, arteriosclerosis, thrombotic disorders or lipotoxicity.
  • metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs have excellent activities of promoting gonadotropic hormone secretion, promoting sex hormone secretion, inducing ovulation or stimulating ovulation, and are useful as low toxic and stable agents, e.g., agents for improving gonadal function, agents for preventing or treating hormone-dependent cancer (e.g., prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc.), infertility, endometriosis, early puberty, myoma of the uterus, etc., agents for inducing or stimulating ovulation, gonadotropic hormone secretagogue agents, contraceptives, sex hormone secretagogue agents, or the like.
  • hormone-dependent cancer e.g., prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc.
  • agents for inducing or stimulating ovulation gonadotropic hormone secretagogue agents
  • contraceptives sex hormone secretagogue agents, or the like.
  • metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs are useful as agents for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease, Autism, moderate cognitive impairment, etc.
  • the metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs are useful as agents for suppressing gonadotropic hormone secretion or sex hormone secretion; down-regulating agents for gonadotropic hormone or sex hormone; down-regulating agents for human OT7T175 (metastin receptor) protein consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9; agents for preventing or treating hormone-dependent cancers (e.g., prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc.; particularly, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, etc.); agents for preventing or treating endometriosis; agents for inhibiting ovarian follicular maturation; menstrual cycle-suspending agents; agents for treating myoma of the uterus; agents for treating early puberty; contraceptives, etc.
  • hormone-dependent cancers e.g., prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc.; particularly, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, etc.
  • agents for preventing or treating endometriosis agents
  • metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs are useful as agents for potentiating immunity (eg., prophylactic agents for infection after bone-marrow transplant, agents for potentiating immunity intended for cancer,etc); immunostimulator(eg., regeneration of the thymus, regrowth of the thymus, enhancement of T cell development,etc); agents for preventing or treating bulbospinal muscular atrophy; agents for protecting ovary; agents for preventing or treating benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH); agents for preventing or treating gender identity disorder; or agents for in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  • potentiating immunity eg., prophylactic agents for infection after bone-marrow transplant, agents for potentiating immunity intended for cancer,etc
  • immunostimulator eg., regeneration of the thymus, regrowth of the thymus, enhancement of T cell development,etc
  • agents for preventing or treating bulbospinal muscular atrophy agents for protecting ovary
  • agents for preventing or treating infertility, hypogonadism, oligospermia, azoospermia, aspermia, asthenospermia, or necrospermia are also useful as agents for preventing or treating infertility, hypogonadism, oligospermia, azoospermia, aspermia, asthenospermia, or necrospermia.
  • hormone-dependent diseases e.g., sex hormone dependent cancer such as prostate cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, hypohysial tumor, etc.
  • metastin per se or DNA encoding metastin, etc. are also useful as agents for suppressing gonadotropic hormone secretion or sex hormone secretion; down-regulating agents for gonadotropic hormone or sex hormone; down-regulating agents for human OT7T175 (metastin receptor) protein consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9; agents for preventing or treating hormone-dependent cancers (e.g., prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc.; particularly, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, hormone-sensitive breast cancer, etc.); agents for preventing or treating endometriosis; agents for inhibiting ovarian follicular maturation; menstrual cycle-suspending agents; agents for treating myoma of the uterus; agents for treating early puberty; contraceptives, etc.
  • hormone-dependent cancers e.g., prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc.; particularly, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, hormone-sensitive breast cancer, etc.
  • agents for preventing or treating endometriosis agents
  • the metastin derivatives of the present invention can be prepared by publicly known methods for peptide synthesis.
  • the methods for peptide synthesis for example, either solid phase synthesis or liquid phase synthesis may be used. That is, the partial peptide or amino acids that can constitute the peptide of the present invention are repeatedly condensed with the remaining part to give the product having a desired sequence. Where the product has protecting groups, these protecting groups are removed to give the desired peptide.
  • Publicly known methods for condensation and removal of the protecting groups are described in (1) to (5) below.
  • the product may be purified and isolated by a combination of conventional purification methods such as solvent extraction, distillation, column chromatography, liquid chromatography and recrystallization to give the peptide of the present invention.
  • conventional purification methods such as solvent extraction, distillation, column chromatography, liquid chromatography and recrystallization to give the peptide of the present invention.
  • the peptide obtained by the above methods is in a free form, the peptide can be converted into an appropriate salt by a publicly known method; conversely when the peptide is obtained in a salt form, it can be converted into its free form by publicly known methods.
  • activation reagents for peptide synthesis may be used, but trisphosphonium salts, tetramethyluronium salts, carbodiimides, etc. are particularly preferred.
  • trisphosphonium salts examples include benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), bromotris(pyrrolidino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBroP) and 7-azabenzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyAOP), examples of tetramethyluronium salts include 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 2-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1, 1,3,3-hexafluorophosphate (HATU), 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1;3,3-tetramethyluronium tetraflluoroborate (TBTU), 2-(5-norbornene-2,3-dicarbox
  • racemization inhibitors e.g., HONB, HOBt, HOAt, HOOBt, etc.
  • Solvents used in condensation may be appropriately chosen from solvents that are known to be usable for condensation.
  • acid amides such as anhydrous or hydrous N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc., halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, etc., alcohols such as trifluoroethanol, phenol, etc., sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, etc., tertiary amines such as pyridine, etc., ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, etc., nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, etc., esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, etc., or suitable mixtures thereof, etc.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, etc.
  • alcohols such as trifluoroethanol, phenol, etc.
  • sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.
  • the reaction temperature is appropriately chosen from the range known to be applicable to peptide binding reactions and is normally suitably chosen from the range of about -20°C to 50°C.
  • the activated amino acid derivatives are used generally in 1.5 to 6 times excess.
  • the condensation is examined using the ninhydrin reaction; when the condensation is insufficient, the condensation can be completed by repeating the condensation reaction without removal of the protecting groups. When the condensation is yet insufficient even after repeating the reaction, the unreacted amino acids are acylated with acetic anhydride or acetylimidazole to cancel any adverse effect on the subsequent reaction.
  • Examples of the protecting groups used to protect amino groups in the starting amino acids include Z, Boc, tert-pentyloxycarbonyl, isobornyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, Cl-Z, Br-Z, adamantyloxycarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl, phthaloyl, formyl, 2-nitrophenylsulphenyl, diphenylphosphinothioyl, Fmoc, trityl, etc.
  • Examples of protecting groups for a carboxyl group include, in addition to the C 1-6 alkyl group, C 3-8 cycloalkyl group and C 7-14 aralkyl group for R described above, allyl, 2-adamantyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, phenacyl group, benzyloxycarbonylhydrazide, tert-butoxycarbonylhydrazide, tritylhydrazide, etc.
  • the hydroxyl group of serine and threonine can be protected, for example, by esterification or etherification.
  • groups suitable for this esterification include a group derived from organic acid such as a lower (C 2-4 ) alkanoyl group such as acetyl group, an aroyl group such as benzoyl group, etc.
  • Examples of a group suitable for the etherification include benzyl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, tert-butyl group, trytyl group (Trt), etc.
  • Examples of groups for protecting the phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine include Bzl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl (Cl 2 -Bzl), 2-nitrobenzyl, Br-Z, tert-butyl, etc.
  • Examples of groups used to protect the imidazole moiety of histidine include Tos, 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl (Mtr), DNP, Bom, Bum, Boc, Trt, Fmoc, etc.
  • Examples of protecting groups for the guanidino group in arginine include Tos, Z, 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl (Mtr), p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl (MBS), 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl (Pmc), mesitylene-2-sulfonyl (Mts), 2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyldihydrobenzofuran-5-sulfonyl (Pbf), Boc, Z, NO 2 , etc.
  • Mtr 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl
  • MSS p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl
  • Pmc 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl
  • Mts mesitylene-2-sulfonyl
  • Pbf 2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyld
  • protecting groups for side chain amino group of lysine include Z, Cl-Z, trifluoroacetyl, Boc, Fmoc, Trt, Mtr, 4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylideneyl (Dde); etc.
  • protecting groups for the indolyl of tryptophan include formyl (For), Z, Boc, Mts, Mtr, etc.
  • a protecting group for asparagine and glutamine include Trt, xanthyl (Xan), 4,4'-dimethoxybenzhydryl (Mbh), 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl (Tmob), etc.
  • Examples of the activated carboxyl groups in the starting material include the corresponding acid anhydrides, azides, activated esters [esters with alcohols (e.g., pentachlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, cyanomethyl alcohol, p-nitrophenol, HONB, N-hydroxysuccimide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) or 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt)], etc.
  • the amino acids in which the amino groups in the starting material are activated the corresponding phosphorous amides are employed.
  • the elimination of protecting groups by the acid treatment described above is carried out generally at a temperature of approximately -20°C to 40°C.
  • a cation scavenger such as anisole, phenol, thioanisole, m-cresol, p-cresol, etc., dimethylsulfide, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,2-ethanedithiol, etc.
  • 2,4-dinitrophenyl group used as the protecting group for the imidazole of histidine is removed by a treatment with thiophenol.
  • Formyl group used as the protecting group of the indole of tryptophan is removed by the aforesaid acid treatment in the presence of 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, etc. as well as by a treatment with an alkali such as a dilute sodium hydroxide solution, dilute ammonia, etc.
  • Protection of functional groups that should not be involved in the reaction of the starting materials, protecting groups, removal of the protecting groups and activation of functional groups involved in the reaction may be appropriately chosen from publicly known groups and publicly known means.
  • Methods for obtaining the amide of the peptide include, for example, solid phase synthesis using resins for the formation of peptide amide.
  • the ⁇ -carboxyl group of the carboxy terminal amino acid is first protected by amidation; the peptide chain is then extended from the amino group side to a desired length. Thereafter, a peptide in which only the protecting group of the N-terminal ⁇ -amino group in the peptide chain has been removed from the peptide and a peptide (or an amino acid) in which only the protecting group of the C-terminal carboxyl group has been eliminated are prepared.
  • the two peptides are condensed in a mixture of the solvents described above.
  • the metastin derivative of the present invention when present in the form of a configurational isomer, a diastereomer, a conformer, or the like, each can be isolated by the separating and purifying means described above, if desired.
  • the compound of the present invention when the compound of the present invention is racemic, it can be separated into an S isomer and an R isomer by the conventional optical resolving means.
  • the present invention includes both of these isomers alone and the isomers present as a mixture thereof.
  • metastin derivative of the present invention may also be hydrated or non-hydrated.
  • the metastin derivative of the present invention may also be labeled with an isotope (e.g., 3 H 14 C, 35 S), etc.
  • an isotope e.g., 3 H 14 C, 35 S
  • the peptides are represented in accordance with the conventional way of describing peptides, that is, the N-terminus (amino terminus) at the left hand and the C-terminus (carboxyl terminus) at the right hand.
  • the C-terminus is usually in the form of an amide (-CONH 2 ), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a carboxylate (-COO - ), an alkylamide (-CONHR) or an ester (-COOR) and the amide (-CONH 2 ) is particularly preferred.
  • R in the ester or alkylamide examples include a C 1-6 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, etc.; a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.; a C 6-12 aryl group such as phenyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, etc.; a C 7-14 aralkyl group such as a phenyl-C 1-2 -alkyl group, e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, etc., or an ⁇ -naphthyl-C 1-2 -alkyl group such as ⁇ -naphthylmethyl, etc.; pivaloyloxymethyl group, which are widely used as an ester for oral use, and the like.
  • Examples of a salt of the metastin derivative of the present invention include a metal salt, an ammonium salt, a salt with an organic base, a salt with inorganic acid, a salt with organic acid, a salt with basic or acidic amino acid, and the like.
  • Preferred examples of the metal salt include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts, etc.; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts, magnesium salts, barium salts, etc.; aluminum salts; and the like.
  • Preferred examples of the salts with organic bases include salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, 2,6-lutidine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, etc.
  • Preferred examples of the salts with inorganic acids include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
  • salts with organic acids include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc.
  • Preferred examples of salts with basic amino acids include salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine, etc.
  • preferred examples of salts with acidic amino acids include salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.
  • salts are preferable.
  • inorganic salts such as alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salt, magnesium salt, barium salt, etc.), ammonium salts, etc. are preferable.
  • salts with inorganic acids with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc., and salts with organic acids such as acetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc. are preferable.
  • the prodrug of the metastin derivative or a salt thereof refers to such a metastin derivative that is converted into the metastin derivative of the present invention under physiological conditions or with a reaction due to an enzyme, a gastric acid, etc., in the living body.
  • the prodrug of the present invention is the metastin derivative that undergoes enzymatic oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, etc. to be converted into the metastin derivative of the present invention, or the metastin derivative that undergoes hydrolysis, etc. by gastric acid, etc. to be converted into the metastin derivative of the present invention.
  • Examples of the prodrug of the metastin derivative of the present invention include a metastin derivative wherein an amino group of the metastin derivative of the present invention is substituted with an acyl, an alkyl, phosphoric acid, etc. (e.g., metastin derivatives wherein an amino group of the metastin derivative of the present invention is substituted with eicosanoyl, alanyl, pentylaminocarbonyl (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methoxycarbonyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidylmethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, tert-butyl, etc); metastin derivatives wherein a hydroxy group of the metastin derivative of the present invention is substituted with an acyl, an alkyl, phosphoric acid, boric acid, etc.
  • metastin derivatives wherein an hydroxy group of the metastin derivative of the present invention is substituted with acetyl, palmitoyl, propanoyl, pivaloyl, succinyl, fumaryl, alanyl, dimethylaminomethylcarbonyl, etc.
  • metastin derivatives wherein a carboxy group of the metastin derivative of the present invention is substituted with ester, amide, etc.
  • metastin derivatives wherein the carboxy group of the metastin derivative of the present invention is converted into the ethyl ester, phenyl ester, carboxymethyl ester, dimethylaminomethyl ester, pivaloyloxymethyl ester, ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester, phthalidyl ester, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl ester, cyclohexyloxycarbonylethyl ester, methylamide, etc); and the like.
  • metastin derivatives can be produced from the metastin derivatives of the present invention by per se known methods.
  • the prodrugs of the metastins derivative of the present invention may be those that are converted into the metastin derivatives of the present invention under the physiological conditions as described in " Pharmaceutical Research and Development”, Vol. 7 (Drug Design), pages 163-198, published 1990 by Hirokawa Publishing Co .
  • the metastin derivatives of the present invention or their salts or prodrugs possess the cancer metastasis suppressing activity or the cancer growth suppressing activity.
  • the metastin derivatives are useful for medicaments such as agents for preventing or treating all cancers (e.g., lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreas cancer, colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, colonic cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, etc.), and the like.
  • the compound of the present invention also possesses the effect of controlling pancreatic function and is thus useful as a medicament such as an agent for preventing or treating various pancreatic diseases (e.g., acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, etc.).
  • various pancreatic diseases e.g., acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, etc.
  • the compound of the present invention possesses the effect of controlling placental function and is thus useful as a medicament such as an agent for preventing or treating choriocarcinoma, hydatid mole, invasive mole, miscarriage, fetal hypoplasia, abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal lipid metabolism or induction of delivery, etc.
  • the compound of the present invention possesses the effects of increasing sugar level, promoting pancreatic glucagon secretion and promoting urine formation and is thus useful as a medicament such as hyperglycemic agents, pancreatic glucagon secretagogue agents or agents for promoting urine formation, which are useful for agents for preventing or treating obesity, hyperlipemia, type II diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, edema, urinary disturbances, insulin resistance, unstable diabetes mellitus, fatty atrophy, insulin allergy, insulinoma, arteriosclerosis, thrombotic disorders or lipotoxicity; and the like.
  • hyperlipemia type II diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, edema
  • urinary disturbances insulin resistance, unstable diabetes mellitus, fatty atrophy, insulin allergy, insulinoma, arteriosclerosis,
  • the compound of the present invention also possesses the effects of promoting gonadotropic hormone (e.g., FSH, LH, etc.) secretion, promoting sex hormone [e.g., androgens (e.g., testosterone, androstenedione, etc.), estrogens (e.g., estradiol, estrone, etc.), progesterones, etc.] secretion, improving gonadal function and inducing or stimulating ovulation, as well as a sexual maturation effect, etc., and hence, can be used as an agent for improving gonadal function, an agent for inducing or stimulating ovulation, a gonadotropic hormone secretagogue agent or a sex hormone secretagogue agent, or an agent for preventing or treating hormone-dependent cancers [e.g., prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc.], infertility [e.g., irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, weight loss-induced amenorrhe
  • the prodrug of the metastin derivative of the present invention or its salt is useful as an agent for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease, Autism, moderate cognitive impairment, etc.
  • the compound of the present invention has excellent blood stability, solubility and solution stability, as compared to native metastin such as metastin 54 (1-54) or metastin 10 (45-54).
  • the metastin derivative of the present invention or its salt or prodrug, metastin per se, or DNA encoding metastin, etc. is useful as an agent for suppressing gonadotropic hormone (e.g., FSH, LH) secretion or sex hormone [e.g., androgen (e.g., testosterone, androstenedione), estrogen (e.g., estradiol, estrone), progesterone] secretion; a down-regulating agent for gonadotropic hormone or sex hormone;in particular, it is useful for suppressing gonadotropic hormone secretion or sex hormone secretion via down-regulation of gonadotropic hormone or sex hormone (wherein, the down-regulation of gonadotropic hormone or sex hormone may be pulse loss of LHRH or depletion of LHRH) or down-regulation of human OT7T175 (metastin receptor) protein consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9; particularly useful as an agent for preventing or
  • an effective dose of the metastin derivative sufficient to suppress the secretion of gonadotropic hormone or sex hormone is administered at the site or tissue where the therapeutic effects are to be exerted, so that the metastin derivative is present in a dose more than required (i.e., the metastin derivative is administered in an excess over the normal effective dose, at which the metastin derivative exerts the effects of suppressing cancer metastasis, suppressing cancer growth, etc.; or the effect of promoting gonadotropic hormone secretion, the effect of promoting sex hormone secretion, etc.) to exhibit the effects of suppressing gonadotropic hormone secretion or sex hormone secretion.
  • sustained or continuous administration of the normal effective dose including an administration technique to gradually release the pharmaceutical ingredients by bolus administration; and the like.
  • the metastin derivative of the present invention or its salt or the prodrug thereof, etc. has a sufficient agonist activity more than required (a super-agonist, activity), it becomes possible to sustain the activities more than exhibited by the necessary dose at the site or tissue where the therapeutic effect are to be exhibited. It is therefore sufficient even by normal effective dose administration to suppress the secretion of gonadotrophic hormone or sex hormone, whereby the effect of suppressing gonadotropic hormone secretion or sex hormone secretion is exhibited.
  • an effective dose of the metastin derivative of the present invention or its salt or prodrug, metastin per se, or DNA encoding metastin, etc. sufficient to suppress the secretion of gonadotropic hormone or sex hormone is administered so that the metastin derivative is present in a dose more than required at the site or tissue where the therapeutic effects are to be exerted, or its activities can be sustained more than required, which enables to exhibit the effects of suppressing gonadotropic hormone secretion or sex hormone secretion.
  • the pharmaceutical comprising the compound of the present invention is low toxic. Therefore, the compound of the present invention can be safely administered either directly as it is or as a mixture with pharmacologically acceptable carriers, orally or parenterally (e.g., topically, rectally, intravenously, etc.), in the form of pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets (including dragees and film-coated tablets), powdery dosage forms, granules, capsules (including soft capsules), liquid dosage forms, injections, suppositories, sustained release dosage forms, etc., in accordance with publicly known means generally used in process for producing pharmaceutical preparations.
  • pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets (including dragees and film-coated tablets), powdery dosage forms, granules, capsules (including soft capsules), liquid dosage forms, injections, suppositories, sustained release dosage forms, etc.
  • the compound of the present invention is contained in the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention in about 0.01 to about 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • a dose of the compound of the present invention may vary depending upon subject to be administered, target organ, conditions, route of administration, etc., and in oral administration, the compound is generally administered to the patient with cancer (as 60 kg body weight) in a daily dose of about 0.01 to about 100 mg, preferably about 0.1 to about 50 mg and more preferably about 0.1 to about 20 mg.
  • a single dose of the compound may vary depending upon subject to be administered, target organ, conditions, route of administration, etc., and in the form of an injectable dosage form, it is advantageous to administer the compound to the patient with cancer (as 60 kg body weight) generally in a daily dose of about 0.001 to about 30 mg, preferably about 0.01 to about 20 mg, and more preferably about 0.01 to about 10 mg.
  • the corresponding dose as converted per 60 kg weight can be administered.
  • Pharmacologically acceptable carriers which may be used in manufacturing the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention, include various organic or inorganic carrier substances conventionally used as materials for pharmaceutical preparations. These substances include, e.g., an excipient, a lubricant, a binder and a disintegrating agent in a solid dosage form, and a solvent, a dissolution aid, a suspending agent, an isotonizing agent, a buffer, a soothing agent, etc. in a liquid dosage form.
  • conventional additives such as a preservative, an antioxidant, a colorant, a sweetener, an adsorbent, a wetting agent, etc. can be appropriately used in suitable amounts, if necessary.
  • excipients examples include lactose, saccharose, D-mannitol, starch, cornstarch, crystalline cellulose, light anhydrous silicic acid, etc.
  • lubricants examples include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, colloidal silica, etc.
  • binders include crystalline cellulose, saccharose, D-mannitol, dextrin, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, sucrose, gelatin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc.
  • disintegrating agents examples include starch, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, L-hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.
  • solvents examples include water for injection, alcohol, propylene glycol, Macrogol, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil, etc.
  • dissolution aids examples include polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, etc.
  • suspending agents examples include surfactants such as stearyl triethanolamine, sodium laurylsulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerine monostearate, etc.; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.
  • surfactants such as stearyl triethanolamine, sodium laurylsulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerine monostearate, etc.
  • hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.
  • isotonizing agents examples include glucose, D-sorbitol, sodium chloride, glycerine, D-mannitol, etc.
  • buffers include buffering solutions of a phosphate, acetate, carbonate, citrate, etc.
  • Examples of soothing agents include benzyl alcohol, etc.
  • preservatives include p-hydroxybenzoates, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, sorbic acid, etc.
  • antioxidants examples include a sulfite, ascorbic acid, ⁇ -tocopherol, etc.
  • the compound of the present invention can be used in combination with drugs other than the compound of the present invention
  • concomitant drugs examples include chemotherapeutic agents for treating cancer, hormonal therapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents, etc. (hereinafter simply referred to as concomitant agents).
  • chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anticancer antibiotics, anticancer agents derived from plants, etc.
  • alkylating' agents include nitrogen mustard, nitrogen mustard-N-oxide hydrochloride, chlorambutyl, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, thiotepa, carboquone, improsulfan tosylate, busulfan, nimustine hydrochloride, mitobronitol, melphalan, dacarbazine, ranimustine, estramustine sodium phosphate, triethylenemelamine, carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin, pipobroman, etoglucid, carboplatin, cisplatin, miboplatin, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, altretamine, ambamustine, dibrospidium hydrochloride, fotemustine, prednimustine, pumitepa, ribomustin, temozolomide, treosulphan, trophosphamide, zinostatin stimalamer,
  • antimetabolites include mercaptopurine, 6-mercaptopurine riboside, thioinosine, methotrexate, enocitabine, cytarabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, ancitabine hydrochloride, 5-FU drugs (e.g., fluorouracil, tegafur, UFT, doxifluridine, carmofur, gallocitabine, emmitefur, etc.), aminopterin, leucovorin calcium, tabloid, butocine, folinate calcium, levofolinate calcium, cladribine, emitefur, fludarabine, gemcitabine, hydroxycarbamide, pentostatin, piritrexim, idoxuridine, mitoguazone, thiazophrine, ambamustine, etc.
  • 5-FU drugs e.g., fluorouracil, tegafur, UFT, doxifluridine, carmofur, gall
  • anticancer antibiotics include actinomycin D, actinomycin C, mitomycin C, chromomycin A3, bleomycin hydrochloride, bleomycin sulfate, peplomycin sulfate, daunorubicin hydrochloride, doxorubicin hydrochloride, aclarubicin hydrochloride; pirarubicin hydrochloride, epirubicin hydrochloride, neocarzinostatin, mithramycin, sarcomycin, carzinophilin, mitotane, zorubicin hydrochloride, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, idarubicin hydrochloride, etc.
  • anticancer agents derived from plants include etoposide, etoposide phosphate, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine sulfate, vindesine sulfate, teniposide, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, etc.
  • hormones include fosfestrol, diethylstylbestrol, chlorotrianisene, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, chiormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, danazol, allylestrenol, gestrinone, mepartricin, raloxifene, ormeloxifene, levormeloxifene, anti-estrogens (e.g., tamoxifen citrate, toremifene citrate, etc.), pill dosage forms, mepitiostane, testrolactone, aminoglutethimide, LH-RH agonists (e.g., goserelin acetate, buserelin, Leuprorelin, etc.), droloxifene, epitiostanol, ethinylestradiol sulfonate, aromatase inhibitors (e.g., fosfest
  • immunotherapeutic agents include picibanil, krestin, sizofiran, lentinan, ubenimex, interferons, interleukins, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, lymphotoxin, BCG vaccine, Corynebacterium parvum, levamisole, polysaccharide K, procodazole, etc.
  • the compound of the present invention can reduce values of testosterone to emasculate level immediately after medication.
  • the concomitant drug such as LH-RH agonist (e.g., goserelin acetate, buserelin, Leuprorelin etc.; preferably Leuprorelin) is used in combination with the compound of the present invention
  • the values of testosterone can be reduced to emasculate level immediately after medication of the compound of the present invention.
  • the concomitant drug such as LH-RH agonist (eg., goserelin acetate, buserelin, Leuprorelin, etc.; preferably Leuprorelin) and the compound of the present invention results in prolonged preservation of hormone-dependent period, it can advantageously be used.
  • LH-RH agonist eg., goserelin acetate, buserelin, Leuprorelin, etc.; preferably Leuprorelin
  • the combined use of the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug is referred to as "the combined preparation of the present invention.”
  • a dosing period of the compound-of the present invention and the concomitant drug is not restricted; the compound of the present invention or its pharmaceutical composition and the concomitant drug or its pharmaceutical composition may be administered to the subject to be administered either simultaneously or at certain time intervals.
  • the dose of the concomitant drug may be modified according to the dose used clinically and may be appropriately chosen depending upon subject to be administered, route for administration, disease, combination, etc.
  • a mode for administration of the combined preparation of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is sufficient that the compound of the present invention is used in combination with the concomitant drug at the time of administration.
  • mode of administration there are, for example, (1) administration of a single dosage form obtained by mixing the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug together at the same time, (2) simultaneous administration of two dosage forms prepared separately from the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug through the same route for administration, (3) administration of two dosage forms prepared separately from the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug at certain time intervals through the same route for administration, (4) simultaneous administration of two dosage forms prepared separately from the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug through different routes for administration, (5) administration of two dosage forms prepared separately from the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug at certain time intervals (e.g., administration of the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug in this order, or administration in a reversed order) through different routes for administration, etc.
  • the combined preparation of the present invention is low toxic and thus can be safely administered orally or parenterally (e.g., topically, rectally, intravenously, etc.) either directly as they are or in the form of pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets (including dragees and film-coated tablets), powdery dosage forms, granules, capsules (including soft capsules), liquid dosage forms, injections, suppositories, sustained release dosage forms, etc., which are obtained by mixing the compound of the present invention or (and) the concomitant drug described above with pharmacologically acceptable carriers by publicly known methods.
  • Injectable dosage forms can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously, into the organ, or directly at the focus.
  • Pharmacologically acceptable carriers which may be used to manufacture the combined preparation of the present invention, include various organic or inorganic carrier substances conventionally used as materials for pharmaceutical preparations. These substances include, e.g., an excipient, a lubricant, a binder and a disintegrating agent in a solid dosage form, and a solvent, a dissolution aid, a suspending agent, an isotonizing agent, a buffer, a soothing agent, etc. in a liquid dosage forum.
  • conventional additives such as a preservative, an antioxidant, a colorant, a sweetener, an adsorbent, a wetting agent, etc. can be appropriately used in suitable amounts, if necessary.
  • excipients examples include lactose, saccharose, D-mannitol, starch, cornstarch, crystalline cellulose, light anhydrous silicic acid, etc.
  • lubricants examples include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, colloidal silica, etc.
  • binders include crystalline cellulose, saccharose, D-mannitol, dextrin, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, sucrose, gelatin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc.
  • disintegrating agents examples include starch, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, L-hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.
  • solvents examples include water for injection, alcohol, propylene glycol, Macrogol, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil, etc.
  • dissolution aids examples include polyethylene glycol; propylene glycol, D-mannitol, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, etc.
  • suspending agents examples include surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium laurylsulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerine monostearate, etc.; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.
  • surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium laurylsulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerine monostearate, etc.
  • hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.
  • isotonizing agents examples include glucose, D-sorbitol, sodium chloride, glycerine, D-mannitol, etc.
  • buffers include buffering solutions of a phosphate, acetate, carbonate, citrate, etc.
  • Examples of soothing agents include benzyl alcohol, etc.
  • preservatives include p-hydroxybenzoates, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, sorbic acid, etc.
  • antioxidants examples include a sulfite, ascorbic acid, ⁇ -tocopherol, etc.
  • a ratio of the compound of the present invention to the concomitant drug can be appropriately chosen depending upon subject to be administered, route for administration, disease, etc.
  • the amount of the compound of the present invention contained in the combined preparation of the present invention varies depending on the dosage form of the preparation, but is usually about 0.01 to 100% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 50% by weight, and more preferably about 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the amount of the concomitant drug contained in the combined preparation of the present invention varies depending on the dosage form of the preparation, but is usually about 0.01 to 100% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 50% by weight, and more preferably about 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the amount of additives such as a carrier, etc. contained in the combined preparation of the present invention varies depending on the dosage form of the preparation, and is usually about 1 to 99.99% by weight, preferably about 10 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug can be prepared into an injectable dosage form by formulating with a dispersing agent (e.g., Tween 80 (manufactured by Atlas Powder Company, USA), HCO 60 (manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), polyethylene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, dextrin, etc.), a stabilizer (e.g., ascorbic acid, sodium pyrosulfite), a surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 80, macrogol, etc.), a solubilizing agent (e.g., glycerin, ethanol, etc.), a buffering agent (e.g., phosphoric acid or its alkali metal salt, citric acid or its alkali metal salt, etc.), an isotonizing agent (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol, sorbitol, glucose,
  • An oral dosage form can be produced in a conventional manner by adding to the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug, for example, an excipient (e.g., lactose, saccharose, starch, etc.), a disintegrating agent (e.g., starch, calcium carbonate, etc.), a binder (e.g., starch, gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, etc.), a lubricant (e.g., talc, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol 6000, etc.) and other additives, compressing the resulting mixture and, if necessary, coating the compressed product for the purpose of taste masking, enteric degradation or sustained release by techniques per se publicly known.
  • an excipient e.g., lactose, saccharose, starch, etc.
  • a disintegrating agent e.g., starch, calcium carbonate, etc.
  • a binder e.g
  • Coating agents for this purpose include, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyoxyethylene glycol, Tween 80, Prulonic F68, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxymethyl cellulose acetate succinate, Eudragit (manufactured by Rohm Company, Germany, methacrylic acid/acrylic acid copolymer) and dyes (e.g., iron oxide, titanium dioxide).
  • the oral dosage form may be either an immediate release dosage form or a sustained release dosage form.
  • the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug is prepared into an oily or aqueous solid, semi-solid or liquid composition by techniques per se publicly known.
  • Oily bases used for the composition described above include glycerides of higher fatty acids [e.g., cacao butter, uitepsols (manufactured by Dynamite Nobel Company, Germany), etc.], moderate fatty acids [e.g., miglyols (manufactured by Dynamite Nobel Company, Germany), etc.], vegetable oils (e.g., sesame oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, etc.), and the like.
  • Aqueous bases include, for example, polyethylene glycols and propylene glycol.
  • Bases for aqueous gels include, for example, natural rubbers, cellulose derivatives, vinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, etc.
  • sustained release dosage form examples include sustained release microcapsules, and the like.
  • Sustained release microcapsules can be obtained by per se publicly known methods, and are preferably prepared in the form of, e.g., a sustained release dosage form by the method [2] shown below and administered.
  • the compound of the present invention is prepared into a dosage form for oral administration such as a solid dosage form (e.g., powdery dosage form, granules, tablets, capsules) or into a dosage form for rectal administration such as a suppository, etc.
  • a dosage form for oral administration is particularly preferred.
  • the concomitant drug can be prepared into the dosage form described above, depending on the kind of drug.
  • An injectable preparation obtained by dissolving the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug in water is preferred.
  • the injectable preparation may contain a benzoate and/or a salicylate.
  • the injectable preparation is obtained by dissolving the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug and optionally a benzoate and/or a salicylate in water.
  • benzoate and/or salicylate described above examples include an alkali metal salt such as sodium and potassium salts, etc., an alkaline earth metal salt such as calcium and magnesium salts, etc., an ammonium salt, a meglumine salt, a salt of an organic acid such as trometamol, and the like.
  • the concentration of the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug in the injectable preparation is about 0.05 to 50 w/v %, preferably about 0.3 to 20 w/v %.
  • the concentration of the benzoate and/or salicylate is 0.5 to 50 w/v %, preferably 3 to 20 w/v %.
  • additives generally used in an injectable preparation such as a stabilizer (ascorbic acid, sodium pyrosulfite, etc.), a surfactant (polysorbate 80, macrogol, etc.), a solubilizing agent (glycerin, ethanol, etc.), a buffering agent (phosphoric acid and its alkali metal salt, citric acid and its alkali metal salt, etc.), an isotonizing agent (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, etc.), a dispersing agent (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, dextrin), a pH adjusting agent (hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.), a preservative (ethyl p-oxybenzoate, benzoic acid, etc.), a solubilizer (concentrated glycerin, meglumine, etc.), a dissolution aid (propylene glycol, saccharose, etc.), a soothing agent (glucose, benzyl alcohol, etc.) are appropriately added to
  • the injectable preparation is adjusted to pH of 2 to 12, preferably 2.5 to 8.0 by adding a pH adjusting agent.
  • the injectable preparation is obtained by dissolving both the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug and optionally a benzoate and/or salicylate, and, if necessary, the above additives in water. These components may be dissolved in any order according to the same manner as in a conventional injectable preparation.
  • An aqueous solution for injection is preferably warmed, and used as an injectable preparation after sterilization by filtration or autoclaved as in a conventional injectable preparation to provide for an injectable preparation.
  • An aqueous injectable preparation is preferably autoclaved, e.g., at 100 to 121°C for 5 to 30 minutes.
  • the preparation may be in a solution form to which antibacterial activity is imparted to be usable as a multiple dosage form in divided dosing.
  • a preferred sustained release preparation comprises a core comprising the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug, which is optionally coated with a water-insoluble material or a swelling polymer.
  • a sustained release preparation for oral administration of a once-daily dosage form is preferred.
  • water-insoluble material used for the coating agent examples include cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose, butyl cellulose, etc., cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, etc., polyvinyl esters such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, etc., acrylic acid polymers such as an acrylic acid/methacrylic acid copolymer, a methyl methacrylate copolymer, an ethoxyethyl methacrylate/cinnamoethyl methacrylate/aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, a polyacrylic acid, a polymethacrylic acid, a methacrylic acid alkylamide copolymer, a poly(methyl methacrylate), a polymethacrylate, an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, a poly(methacrylic anhydride), a glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, in
  • the swelling polymer is preferably a polymer having an acidic removable group and exhibiting pH-dependent swelling, and a polymer having an acidic removable group, which undergoes a less swelling at an acidic pH such as in the stomach but is swollen extensively at a neutral pH such as in the small and large intestines, is preferred.
  • Examples of such a polymer having an acidic removable group and exhibiting pH-dependent swelling include a crosslinked polyacrylic acid polymer such as Carbomers 934P, 940, 941, 974P, 980, 1342, etc., polycarbophil and calcium polycarbophil (all manufactured by BF Goodrich Chemicals), Hivis Wakos 103, 104, 105 and 304 (all manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), etc.
  • the coating agent used in the sustained release preparation may further contain a hydrophilic material.
  • hydrophilic material examples include a polysaccharide which may have a sulfate group, such as pullulan, dextrin, alkali metal alginates, etc., a polysaccharide having a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyalkyl group such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc., methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, etc.
  • a polysaccharide which may have a sulfate group, such as pullulan, dextrin, alkali metal alginates, etc.
  • a polysaccharide having a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyalkyl group such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc., methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, etc
  • the amount of the water-insoluble material contained in the coating agent of the sustained release preparation is about 30 to about 90% (w/w), preferably about 35 to about 80% (w/w), more preferably about 40 to about 75% (w/w), and the swelling polymer content is about 3 to about 30% (w/w), preferably about 3 to about 15% (w/w).
  • the coating agent may further contain a hydrophilic material, and the amount of the hydrophilic material contained in the coating agent is about 50% (w/w) or less, preferably about 5 to about 40% (w/w), more preferably about 5 to about 35% (w/w).
  • the % (w/w) above is used to mean a % by weight based on the coating agent composition, which is the remainder of the coating agent solution after removing any solvent (e.g., water, a lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, etc.).
  • the sustained release preparation is manufactured by preparing a core containing a drug as illustrated below, followed by coating the resulting core with a coating agent solution obtained by heat-melting a water-insoluble material or a swelling polymer or by dissolving or dispersing such a material in a solvent.
  • the shape of a core containing a drug to be coated with a coating agent (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a core) is not specifically limited but preferably prepared into a particulate shape such as granules, fine granules, or the like.
  • the core When the core is granules or fine granules, they have a mean particle size of preferably about 150 to about 2,000 ⁇ m, more preferably about 500 to about 1,400 ⁇ m.
  • the core can be prepared in a conventional manner.
  • a drug is mixed with a suitable excipient, binder, disintegrating agent, lubricant, stabilizer, etc., and then subjected to wet extrusion granulation, fluidized bed granulation, or the like.
  • the drug content in the core is about 0.5 to about 95% (w/w), preferably about 5.0 to about 80% (w/w), more preferably about 30 to about 70% (w/w).
  • excipient contained in the core examples include a saccharide such as saccharose, lactose, mannitol, glucose, etc., starch, crystalline cellulose, calcium phosphate, cornstarch, etc. Among them, crystalline cellulose and cornstarch are preferred.
  • binder used examples include polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Pluronic F68, gum arabic, gelatin, starch, etc.
  • disintegrating agent examples include calcium carboxymethyl cellulose (ECG505), sodium croscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol), crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone (crospovidone), low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC), etc. Among them, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose are preferred.
  • Examples of the lubricant and the anticoagulant include talc, magnesium stearate and its inorganic salts, and examples of the lubricant include polyethylene glycol, etc.
  • examples of the stabilizer include an acid such as tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, etc.
  • the core can be prepared by using other techniques such as an tumbling granulation technique, a pan coating technique, a fluidized bed coating technique and a melt granulation technique, wherein a drug or a mixture of the drug with an excipient, a lubricant, etc. is portionwise added to inert carrier particles as seeds for the core with spraying a binder dissolved in a suitable solvent such as water, a lower alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.) or the like.
  • a suitable solvent such as water, a lower alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.) or the like.
  • the inert carrier particles include those prepared from saccharose, lactose, starch, crystalline cellulose and waxes, and, preferably, these carriers have a mean particle size of about 100 ⁇ m to about 1,500 ⁇ m.
  • the surface of the core may be covered with a protective material.
  • the protective material include the hydrophilic material described above and water-insoluble material.
  • the preferred protective material is polyethylene glycol or a polysaccharide having a hydroxyalkyl group or a carboxyalkyl group, more preferably, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose.
  • the protective material may contain, as a stabilizer, an acid such as tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, etc., and a lubricant such as talc.
  • the amount thereof to be coated is about 1 to about 15% (w/w), preferably about 1 to about 10% (w/w), more preferably about 2 to about 8% (w/w) based on the core.
  • the protective material can be coated by a conventional coating method and specifically, the core is spray-coated with the protective material by a fluidized bed coating technique, a pan coating technique, etc.
  • the core obtained in I above is coated with a coating agent solution prepared by melt-heating the water-insoluble material and pH-dependent swelling polymer described above and a hydrophilic material or by dissolving or dispersing them in a solvent to obtain a sustained release preparation.
  • a coating method of the core with the coating agent solution there are, for example, spray-coating, etc.
  • composition ratio of the water-insoluble material, swelling polymer and hydrophilic material in the coating agent solution can be appropriately chosen to be within the amounts of the respective components contained in the coating.
  • the amount of the coating agent is about 1 to about 90% (w/w), preferably about 5 to about 50% (w/w), more preferably about 5 to about 35% (w/w) based on the core (excluding the protective material coating).
  • the solvent for the coating agent solution water and an organic solvent can be used singly or as a mixture thereof
  • the ratio of water and the organic solvent may vary with the range of 1 to 100%, and is preferably 1 to about 30%.
  • the organic solvent is not particularly limited so far as it can dissolve the water-insoluble material, and examples of the solvent include a lower alcohol such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, etc., a lower alkanone such as acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, etc. Among them, a lower alcohol is preferred, with ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol being more preferred.
  • Water and a mixture of water and an organic solvent are used preferably as solvents for the coating agent solution.
  • an acid such as tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, etc. may be added to the coating agent solution, if necessary, for the purpose of stabilizing the coating agent solution.
  • the coating can be made using a conventional coating method. Specifically, the core is sprayed with a coating agent solution by a fluidized bed coating technique, a pan coating technique, or the like. At this time, a lubricant such as talc, titanium oxide, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, light silicic anhydride, etc., and a plasticizer such as glycerin fatty ester, hardened castor oil, triethyl citrate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, etc. may also be added.
  • a lubricant such as talc, titanium oxide, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, light silicic anhydride, etc.
  • a plasticizer such as glycerin fatty ester, hardened castor oil, triethyl citrate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, etc.
  • an antistatic agent such as talc may also be admixed, if necessary.
  • the immediate release preparation may be a liquid (solution, suspension, emulsion, etc.) or a solid (particles, pills, tablets, etc.).
  • An oral preparation and a parenteral preparation such as an injectable preparation may be used, and an oral preparation is preferred.
  • the immediate release preparation may usually contain a carrier, additives and an excipient (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as excipients) which are conventionally used in the pharmaceutical field, in addition to a drug which is an active ingredient.
  • excipients are not specifically limited so long as they are excipients conventionally used in the pharmaceutical field.
  • examples of the excipient for an oral solid preparation include lactose, starch, corn starch, crystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, etc.), powdered sugar, granulated sugar, mannitol, light silicic anhydride, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, L-cysteine, etc., with corn starch and mannitol being preferred.
  • excipients may be employed alone or in combination with each other.
  • the amounts of the excipients are, for example, about 4.5 to about 99.4 w/w %, preferably about 20 to about 98.5 w/w %, more preferably about 30 to about 97 w/w %, based on the total weight of the immediate release preparation.
  • the content of drug in the immediate release preparation may appropriately be selected from the range of about 0.5% to about 95%, preferably about 1% to about 60% to the whole amount of the immediate release preparation.
  • the preparation contains a disintegrating agent in addition to the components described above.
  • the disintegrating agent include calcium carboxymethylcellulose (ECG505 manufactured by GOTOKU CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.), sodium croscarmellose (for example, Ac-Di-Sol manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), crospovidone (for example, COLIDON CL manufactured by BASF), low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (Shin-Etsu chemical Co., Ltd.), carboxymethyl starch (MATSUTANI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY Co., Ltd.), sodium carboxymethyl starch (EXORITAB manufactured by KIMURA SANGYO), partial ⁇ starch (PCS manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), etc.
  • ECG505 manufactured by GOTOKU CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.
  • sodium croscarmellose for example, Ac-Di-Sol manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation
  • crospovidone for example, COL
  • the disintegrating agent that disintegrates granules by water absorption or swelling upon contact with water, or forming a channel between the active component comprising the core and an excipient can be used. Any of these disintegrating agents can be used alone or in combination with each other.
  • the amount of the disintegrating agent used may be appropriately chosen depending upon the type and the amount of the drug used or a particular preparation design for the intended release performance. For example, the amount is about 0.05 to about 30 w/w %, preferably about 0.5 to about 15 w/w % based on the total weight of the immediate release preparation.
  • the oral solid preparation may optionally contain additives conventionally used in a solid preparation, in addition to the components described above.
  • the additives include binders (for example, sucrose, gelatin, powdery gum arabic, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, pullran, dextrin, etc.), lubricants (polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, talc, light silicic anhydride (for example, aerosil (NIPPON AEROSIL)), surfactants (for example, anionic surfactants such as sodium alkylsulfate, nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene fatty ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty ester, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, etc.), colorants (for example, tar colorants, caramel, colcothar, titanium oxide, riboflavins), if necessary, corrigents
  • binders for example, sucrose
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc. are preferably used.
  • the immediate release preparation can be prepared by mixing the components described above and kneading the mixture, if necessary, and then molding according to a conventional technique for making pharmaceutical preparations.
  • the mixing above can be carried out in a conventional manner, e.g., by mixing, kneading, etc.
  • the preparation can be prepared by mixing components with a vertical granulator, a multi-purpose kneader (HATA IRON WORKS CO., LTD), a fluidized bed granulator FD-5S (POWREX CORPORATION) or thee like, and then granulating the resulting by wet extrusion granulation or fluidized bed granulation by a technique similar to that for preparing the core of the sustained release preparation described above.
  • a vertical granulator a multi-purpose kneader (HATA IRON WORKS CO., LTD), a fluidized bed granulator FD-5S (POWREX CORPORATION) or thee like.
  • the immediate release preparation and the sustained release preparation thus obtained can be compounded, as they are, or, together with appropriate pharmaceutical excipients, in pharmaceutical preparations separately in a conventional manner to prepare respective preparations for administering in combination with each other simultaneously or at certain time intervals.
  • both preparations may be compounded in a single dosage form for oral administration (e.g., granules, fine granules, tablets, capsules) as they are, or, together with appropriate pharmaceutical excipients.
  • Both preparations in the form of granules or fine granules may also be filled in a single capsule for oral administration.
  • a sublingual, buccal or rapid oral disintegrating preparation may be in the form of a solid preparation such as a tablet, or may be in the form of an oral mucosal patch (film) or oral disintegrating film.
  • the sublingual, buccal or rapid oral disintegrating preparation is preferably a preparation containing the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug and an excipient.
  • the preparation may also contain auxiliary agents such as a lubricant, an isotonizing agent, a hydrophilic carrier, a water-dispersible polymer, a stabilizer, etc.
  • auxiliary agents such as a lubricant, an isotonizing agent, a hydrophilic carrier, a water-dispersible polymer, a stabilizer, etc.
  • the preparation may also contain ⁇ -cyclodextrin or ⁇ -cyclodextrin derivatives (e.g., hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, etc.), and the like.
  • Examples of the above excipient include lactose, saccharose, D-mannitol, starch, crystalline cellulose, light silicic anhydride, etc.
  • Examples of the lubricant include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, colloidal silica, etc., with magnesium stearate and colloidal silica being preferred.
  • Examples of the isotonizing agent include sodium chloride, glucose, fructose, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, saccharose, glycerin and urea, with mannitol being particularly preferred.
  • hydrophilic carrier there are, for example, a swelling hydrophilic carrier such as crystalline cellulose, ethyl cellulose, crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, light silicic anhydride, silicic acid, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, etc., with crystalline cellulose (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose, etc.) being preferred.
  • a swelling hydrophilic carrier such as crystalline cellulose, ethyl cellulose, crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, light silicic anhydride, silicic acid, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, etc.
  • crystalline cellulose e.g., microcrystalline cellulose, etc.
  • water-dispersible polymer there are, for example, a gum (e.g., tragacanth gum, acacia gum, guar gum), alginate (e.g., sodium alginate), cellulose derivatives (e.g., methyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose), gelatin, water-soluble starch, polyacrylic acid (e.g., carbomer), polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polycarbophil, ascorbate palmitate salt, etc., with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, alginate, gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol being preferred.
  • a gum e.g., tragacanth gum, acacia gum, guar gum
  • alginate e.g., sodium alginate
  • Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is particularly preferred.
  • the stabilizer there are, for example, cysteine, thiosorbitol, tartatic acid, citric acid, sodium carbonate, ascrobic acid, glycine, sodium sulfite, etc., with citric acid and ascorbic acid being particularly preferred.
  • the sublingual, buccal or rapid oral disintegrating preparation can be prepared by mixing the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug and an excipient by a method per se known.
  • the auxiliary agents described above such as the lubricant, isotonizing agent, hydrophilic carrier, water-dispersible polymer, stabilizer, colorant, sweetener, preservative, etc. may also be admixed.
  • the mixture is compressed into tablets to obtain the sublingual, buccal or rapid oral disintegration tablet.
  • a solvent such as water, an alcohol, etc. can be used to moisturize or wet the components before or after tabletting, followed by drying.
  • the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug and the water-dispersible polymer preferably, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose), excipient, etc. described above are dissolved in a solvent such as water, etc. and then the resulting solution is cast into a film.
  • additives such as a plasticizer, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, a preservative, a colorant, a buffering agent, a sweeteners, etc. may be added to the preparation.
  • a glycol such as polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.
  • a bioadhesive polymer e.g., polycarbophile, carbopol
  • the casting can be carried out by pouring a solution onto a non-adhesive surface, spreading the solution using a coater such as a doctor blade in a uniform thickness (preferably, approximately 10 to 1000 microns), and then drying the solution to form a film.
  • the film thus formed is dried at room temperature or while warming, and then cut into pieces each having a desired surface area.
  • a preferred rapid oral disintegrating preparation is, for example, a rapid diffusion preparation in a solid network form, which comprises the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug and a water-soluble or water-diffusible carrier inert to the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug.
  • the network is formed by sublimating a solvent from the solid composition comprising a solution of the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug in a suitable solvent.
  • composition of the rapid oral disintegrating preparation may preferably contain a matrix-forming agent and secondary components.
  • the matrix-forming agent examples include gelatins, dextrins and animal or vegetable proteins from soybean, wheat, psyllium seed, etc.; gummy materials such as gum arabic, guar gum, agar, xanthane gum, etc; polysaccharides; alginates; carboxymethylcelluloses; carrageenans; dextrans; pectins; synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidones; materials derived from gelatin-gum arabic complexes, etc.
  • the matrix-forming agent further includes saccharides such as mannitol, dextrose, lactose, galactose, trehalose, etc.; cyclic saccharides such as cyclodextrins, etc.; inorganic salts such as sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, aluminum silicate, etc.; amino acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as glycine, L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-hydroxyproline, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, etc.
  • saccharides such as mannitol, dextrose, lactose, galactose, trehalose, etc.
  • cyclic saccharides such as cyclodextrins, etc.
  • inorganic salts such as sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, aluminum silicate, etc.
  • amino acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as glycine, L-
  • One or more matrix-forming agents can be incorporated into a solution or suspension before solidification.
  • the matrix-forming agents may be present in addition to a surfactant, or may be present in the absence of a surfactant.
  • the matrix-forming agents serve not only to form a matrix itself, but also assist to maintain diffusion of the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug in the solution or suspension.
  • the composition may contain a secondary component such as a preservative, an antioxidant, a surfactant, a thickening agent, a colorant, pH adjusting agent, a flavor, a sweetener, a taste masking agent, etc.
  • a secondary component such as a preservative, an antioxidant, a surfactant, a thickening agent, a colorant, pH adjusting agent, a flavor, a sweetener, a taste masking agent, etc.
  • a secondary component such as a preservative, an antioxidant, a surfactant, a thickening agent, a colorant, pH adjusting agent, a flavor, a sweetener, a taste masking agent, etc.
  • the suitable colorant there are, for example, iron oxide red, black and yellow, FD & C dyes available from ERIS & EVERALD such as FD &-C Blue No. 2 and FD & C Red No. 40, etc.
  • the suitable flavor include mint, raspberry, licor
  • Suitable sweetener examples include aspartame, acesulfame K and thaumatine.
  • suitable taste masking agent include sodium bicarbonate, ion exchange resins, cyclodextrin inclusion compounds, adsorbents and microencapsulated apomorphine.
  • the preparation generally contains the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug in an amount of about 0.1 to about 50% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 30% by weight and, preferably, the preparation (the sublingual tablet, buccal, etc. described above) allows 90% or more of the compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug to be dissolved (in water) within a time period of about 1 to about 60 minutes, preferably about 1 minute to about 15 minutes, more preferably about 2 minutes to about 5 minutes, or is a rapid oral disintegrating preparation which disintegrates within about 1 to about 60 seconds, preferably about 1 to about 30 seconds, more preferably about 1 to about 10 seconds, after being placed in the oral cavity.
  • the amount of the above excipient is about 10 to about 99% by weight, preferably about 30 to about 90% by weight based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the amount of ⁇ -cyclodextrin or ⁇ -cyclodextrin derivative is about 0 to about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the amount of the lubricant is about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the amount of the isotonizing agent is about 0.1 to about 90% by weight, preferably about 10 to about 70% by weight based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the amount of the hydrophilic carrier is about 0.1 to about 50% by weight, preferably about 10 to about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the amount of the water-dispersible polymer is about 0.1 to about 30% by weight, preferably about 10 to about 25% by weight based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the amount of the stabilizer is about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the preparation.
  • the preparation described above may further contain additives such as a colorant, a sweetener, a preservative, etc.
  • a dose of the combined preparations of the present invention varies depending upon kind of the compound of the present invention, age, body weight, conditions, dosage form, route for administration, dosing period, etc.
  • a dose of the compound of the present invention may vary depending upon subject to be administered, target organ, conditions, route of administration, etc., and in oral administration, the compound is generally administered to the patient with cancer (as 60 kg body weight) in a daily dose of about 0.01 to about 100 mg, preferably about 0.1 to about 50 mg and more preferably about 0.1 to about 20 mg.
  • a single dose of the compound may vary depending upon subject to be administered, target organ, conditions, route of administration, etc., and in the form of an injectable dosage form, it is advantageous to intravenously administer the compound to the patient with cancer (as 60 kg body weight) generally in a daily dose of about 0.001 to about 30 mg, preferably about 0.01 to about 20 mg, and more preferably about 0.01 to about 10 mg.
  • the corresponding dose as converted per 60 kg weight can be administered.
  • the dose may vary depending on individual conditions as described above; in such a case, a dose less than the dose given above may be sufficient, or a dose higher than the range above may be used.
  • a daily dose of the concomitant drug may vary depending on the severity of disease, the age, sex, body weight and susceptibility of the subject, dosing period and intervals, characteristics, formulation, type and active components of the pharmaceutical preparation, etc. and is not particularly limited.
  • the dose is about 0.001 to 2000 mg, preferably about 0.01 to 500 mg, and more preferably about 0.1 to 100 mg per kg body weight of mammals in terms of a drug; usually, this dose is administered by dividing 1 to 4 times per day.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations of the present invention When the pharmaceutical preparations of the present invention are administered, they may be administered concomitantly. Alternatively, the concomitant drug is first administered and then the compound of the present invention is administered, or the compound of the present invention is first administered and then the concomitant drug is administered. When they are administered at certain time intervals, the intervals vary depending on the active component to be administered, dosage form and route of administration; for example, when the concomitant drug is first administered, the compound of the present invention may be administered within 1 minute to 3 days, preferably 10 minutes to 1 day, more preferably 15 minutes to 1 hour after the administration of the concomitant drug. When the compound of the present invention is first administered, the concomitant drug may be administered within 1 minute to 1 day, preferably 10 minutes to 6 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 1 hour after the administration of the compound of the present invention.
  • 0.001 to 200 mg/kg of the concomitant drug in the form of an oral dosage preparation is administered orally and, after about 15 minutes, about 0.005 to 0.5 mg/kg of the compound of the present invention in the form of a parenteral preparation is administered parenterally as a daily dose.
  • metastins there are used, for example, human metastin described in WO 00/24890 , mouse or rat metastin described in WO 01/75104 , etc.
  • human metastin examples include a peptide comprising the N-terminal 47th-54th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and consisting of 8 to 54 amino acid residues, and the like.
  • the "peptide comprising the N-terminal 47th-54th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and consisting of 8 to 54 amino acid residues” may be any peptide, as far as it is a peptide comprising the N-terminal 47th-54th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and consisting of 8 to 54 amino acid residues, but means that these peptides have substantially the same physiological activity (e.g., a receptor binding activity, a signal transduction action, a sugar level elevating action, a pancreatic glucagon secretion promoting action, a urine formation promoting action, etc.).
  • physiological activity e.g., a receptor binding activity, a signal transduction action, a sugar level elevating action, a pancreatic glucagon secretion promoting action, a urine formation promoting action, etc.
  • a peptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (i) a peptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, (ii) a peptide comprising the N-terminal 47th-54th amino acid sequence at the C terminus in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and consisting of 8 to 15 amino acid residues, etc.
  • human metastin used includes (i) a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (human metastin 54 (1-54)), (ii) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 40th-54th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (human metastin 15 (40-54); SEQ ID NO: 15), (iii) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 45th-54th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (human metastin 10 (45-54); SEQ ID NO: 16), (iv) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 46th-54th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (human metastin 9 (46-54); SEQ ID NO: 17), (v) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 47th-54th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (human metas
  • mouse metastin (A) there are used, for example, (i) a peptide comprising the N-terminal 134th-141st amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence, represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 and consisting of 8 to 52 amino acid residues.
  • mouse metastin (A) used include (i) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 90th-141st amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, (ii) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 132nd-141st amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, (iii) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 127th-141st amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID. NO: 3, and the like.
  • mouse metastin (B) there are used, for example, (i) a peptide comprising the N-terminal 138th-145th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 and consisting of 8 to 52 amino acid residues.
  • mouse metastin (B) used include a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 94th-145th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5, and the like.
  • rat metastin there are used, for example, (i) a peptide comprising the N-terminal 112th-119th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 and consisting of 8 to 52 amino acid residues.
  • rat metastin used include (i) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 68th-119th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7, (ii) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 110th-119th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7, (iii) a peptide consisting of the N-terminal 105th-119th amino acid sequence in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7, and the like.
  • the metastins are represented in accordance with the conventional way of describing peptides, that is, the N-terminus (amino terminus) at the left hand and the C-terminus (carboxyl terminus) at the right hand.
  • the C-terminus may be in any form of a carboxyl group (-COOH), a carboxylate (-COO - ), an amide (-CONH 2 ) and an ester (-COOR).
  • examples of R of the ester group or alkyl amide include a C 1-6 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, etc.; a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.; a C 6-12 aryl group such as phenyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, etc.; a C 7-14 aralkyl such as a phenyl-C 1-2 alkyl group, e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, benzhydryl, etc., or an ⁇ -naphthyl-C 1-2 alkyl group such as ⁇ -naphthylmethyl, etc.; pivaloyloxymethyl group, which are widely used as an ester for oral use, and the like.
  • the metastins include peptides, wherein the amino group at the N-terminal methionine residue is protected with a protecting group (e.g., a C 1-6 acyl group such as a C 2-6 alkanoyl group, e.g., formyl group, acetyl group, etc.); those wherein the N-terminal region is cleaved in vivo and the glutamyl group thus formed is pyroglutaminated; those wherein a substituent (e.g., -OH, -SH, amino group, imidazole group, indole group, guanidino group, etc.) on the side chain of an amino acid in the molecule is protected with a suitable protecting group (e.g., a C 1-6 acyl group such as a C 2-6 alkanoyl group, e.g., formyl group, acetyl group, etc.), or conjugated peptides such as glycopeptides bound to
  • salts of the metastin of the present invention preferred are salts with physiologically acceptable bases (e.g., alkali metal salts) or acids (e.g., organic acids or inorganic acids), etc., especially preferred are physiologically acceptable acid addition salts.
  • physiologically acceptable bases e.g., alkali metal salts
  • acids e.g., organic acids or inorganic acids
  • salts include salts with, for example, inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid); salts with organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid) and the like.
  • inorganic acids e.g., hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid
  • organic acids e.g., acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid
  • DNAs encoding metastins there are used, for example, DNAs encoding human metastin described in WO 00/24890 , DNAs encoding mouse or rat metastin described in WO 01/75104 , etc.
  • the DNAs encoding the metastins may be any of genomic DNA, genomic DNA library, cDNA derived from the cells and tissues described above, cDNA library derived from the cells and tissues described above and synthetic DNA.
  • the vector to be used for the library may be any of bacteriophage, plasmid, cosmid and phagemid.
  • the DNA may also be directly amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter abbreviated as RT-PCR) using the total RNA or mRNA fraction prepared from the cells and tissues described above.
  • the DNA encoding human metastin, mouse metastin precursor (A), mouse metastin precursor (B) or rat metastin precursor may be any DNA, so long as each is a DNA containing a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8, or a DNA having a base sequence hybridizable to the base sequence represented by any base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8 under highly stringent conditions and encoding the human metastin, mouse metastin (A), mouse metastin (B) or rat metastin described above.
  • DNA hybridizable to the base sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8 include DNAs containing a base sequence having at least about 70% homology, preferably at least about 80% homology, more preferably at least about 90% homology and the most preferably at least about 95% homology, to the base sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the hybridization can be carried out by per se publicly known methods or by modifications of these methods, for example, according to the method described in Molecular Cloning, 2nd (J. Sambrook et al., Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1989 ).
  • a commercially available library may also be used according to the instructions of the attached manufacturer's protocol.
  • the hybridization can be carried out under highly stringent conditions.
  • the highly stringent conditions used herein are, for example, those in a sodium concentration at about 19 to 40 mM, preferably about 19 to 20 mM at a temperature of about 50 to 70°C, preferably about 60 to 65°C.
  • hybridization conditions in a sodium concentration of about 19 mM at a temperature of about 65°C are most preferred.
  • the DNA encoding the human metastin consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 the DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 is used. Accordingly, for the base sequence encoding the human metastin consisting of the various amino acid sequences described above, a base sequence corresponding to each of the partial amino acid sequences in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: I may be chosen from the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the DNA encoding the mouse metastin precursor (A) comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3
  • a DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4, and the like.
  • a base sequence corresponding to each of the partial amino acid sequences in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 may be chosen from the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4.
  • the DNA encoding the mouse metastin precursor (B) comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 there are employed a DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, and the like. Accordingly, for the base sequence encoding the mouse metastin precursor (B) comprising of the various amino acid sequences described above, a base sequence corresponding to each of the partial amino acid sequences in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 may be chosen from the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • a DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 there are employed a DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, and the like. Accordingly, for the base sequence encoding the rat metastin consisting of the various amino acid sequences described above, a base sequence corresponding to each of the partial amino acid sequences in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 may be chosen from the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • a DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 20, etc. is used.
  • metastin receptor its partial peptides or salts thereof
  • a human metastin receptor its partial peptides or salts thereof described in WO 00/24890
  • a mouse or rat human metastin receptor its partial peptides or salts thereof described in WO 01/75104 , etc.
  • a protein comprising the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 13, etc is used as the metastin receptor.
  • the amino acid sequence which is substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 13 includes, for example, an amino acid sequence having at least about 70% homology, preferably at least about 80% homology, more preferably at least about 90% homology, and most preferably at least about 95% homology, to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • protein comprising substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 13
  • the activity of substantially the same nature there are, for example, a ligand binding activity, a signal transduction activity, and the like.
  • the "substantially the same nature” is used to mean that the nature of these activities is equivalent in terms of quality.
  • the activities such as a ligand binding activity, a signal transduction activity, etc. are preferably equivalent (e.g., about 0.01 to 100 times, preferably about 0.5 to 10 times, more preferably 0.5 to 2 times), but differences in quantitative factors such as a level of these activities, or such as a molecular weight of the protein may be present and allowable.
  • the activities such as a ligand binding activity, a signal transduction activity, etc. can be assayed by per se publicly known method with modifications and may be determined according to methods of determining a ligand or screening methods described in, e.g., WO 00/24890 or WO 01/75104 .
  • metastin receptor used examples include proteins comprising (i) the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 13, of which at least 1 or 2 (preferably about 1 to about 30, more preferably about 1 to about 10 and most preferably several (1 or 2)) amino acids are deleted; (ii) the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 13, to which at least 1 or 2 (preferably about 1 to about 30, more preferably about 1 to about 10 and most preferably several (1 or 2)) amino acids are added; (iii) the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 13, in which at least 1 or 2 (preferably about 1 to about 30, more preferably about 1 to about 10 and most preferably several (1 or 2)) amino acids are substituted by other amino acids; or (iv) a combination of these amino acid sequences; and the like.
  • the metastin receptors are represented in accordance with the conventional way of describing peptides, that is, the N-terminus (amino terminus) at the left hand and the C-terminus (carboxyl terminus) at the right hand.
  • the C-terminus may be in any form of a carboxyl group (-COOH), a carboxylate (-COO-), an amide (-CONH 2 ) and an ester (-COOR).
  • examples of R of the ester group include a C 1-6 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, etc.; a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.; a C 6-12 aryl group such as phenyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, etc.; a C 7-14 aralkyl such as a phenyl-C 1-2 alkyl group, e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, etc., or an ⁇ -naphthyl-C 1-2 alkyl group such as ⁇ -naphthylmethyl, etc.; and pivaloyloxymethyl group, which are widely used as an ester for oral use, and the like.
  • a C 1-6 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
  • the metastin receptors contain a carboxyl group (or a carboxylate) at a position other than the C-terminus
  • the carboxyl group may be amidated or esterified and such amides or esters are also included within the receptor protein of the present invention.
  • the ester group used may be the same group as the C-terminal esters described above.
  • the metastin receptors include those wherein the amino group at the N-terminal methionine residue is protected with a protecting group.(e.g., a C 1-6 acyl group such as a C 2-6 alkanoyl group, e.g., formyl group, acetyl group, etc.); those wherein the N-terminal region is cleaved in vivo and the glutamyl group thus formed is pyroglutaminated; those wherein a substituent (e.g., -OH, -SH, amino group, imidazole group, indole group, guanidino group, etc.) on the side chain of an amino acid in the molecule is protected with a suitable protecting group (e.g., a C 1-6 acyl group such as a C 2-6 alkanoyl group, e.g., formyl group, acetyl group, etc.), or conjugated proteins such as glycoproteins bound to sugar chains.
  • metastin receptors include human metastin receptor consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, rat metastin receptor consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, mouse metastin receptor consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13, etc.
  • the partial peptides of the metastin receptor may be any peptide, so long as they are partial peptides of the metastin receptor described above; there are used those such as protein molecules of the metastin receptor, which are the sites exposed outside the cell membrane, and having a ligand binding activity.
  • the partial peptide of the metastin receptor consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 13 is a peptide containing the parts analyzed to be extracellular domains (hydrophilic domains) in the hydrophobic plotting analysis.
  • a peptide containing a hydrophobic domain in part can be used as well.
  • the peptide may contain each domain separately or a plurality of domains together.
  • preferred partial peptides are those having the number of amino acids of at least 20, preferably at least 50, and more preferably at least 100, in the amino acid sequence described above, which constitutes the metastin receptor.
  • the partial peptide may be a peptide having the amino acid sequence described above, of which at least 1 or 2 (preferably about 1 to about 10 and more preferably several (1 or 2)) amino acids are deleted; to which at least 1 or 2 (preferably about 1 to about 10 and more preferably several (1 or 2)) amino acids are added; or, in which at least 1 or 2 (preferably about 1 to about 10 and more preferably several (1 or 2)) amino acids are substituted by other amino acids.
  • the C terminus may be any form of a carboxyl group (-COOH), a carboxylate (-COO-), an amide (-CONH 2 ) and an ester (-COOR), as in the metastin receptor described above.
  • the partial peptides include peptides, wherein the amino group at the N-terminal methionine residue is protected with a protecting group; those wherein the N-terminal region is cleaved in vivo and the glutamyl group thus formed is pyroglutaminated; those wherein a substituent on the side chain of an amino acid in the molecule is protected with a suitable protecting group, or conjugated peptides such as glycopeptides bound to sugar chains, as in the metastin receptors described above.
  • salts with physiologically acceptable acids especially physiologically acceptable acid addition salts.
  • the salts include salts with, for example, inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid); salts with organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid) and the like.
  • inorganic acids e.g., hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid
  • organic acids e.g., acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenes
  • the DNA encoding the metastin receptor or its partial peptides there are used, for example, a DNA encoding the human metastin receptor or its partial peptides described in WO 00/24890 , a DNA encoding the mouse or rat metastin receptor or its partial peptides described in WO 01/75104 , etc.
  • the DNAs encoding the metastin receptor or its partial peptides may be any of genomic DNA, genomic DNA library, cDNA derived from the cells and tissues described above, cDNA library derived from the cells and tissues described above and synthetic DNA.
  • the vector to be used for the library may be any of bacteriophage, plasmid, cosmid and.phagemid.
  • the DNA may also be directly amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter abbreviated as RT-PCR) using the total RNA or mRNA fraction prepared from the cells and tissues described above.
  • the DNA encoding human metastin receptor, mouse metastin receptor or rat metastin receptor may be any DNA, so long as it is a DNA comprising each base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO: 14, or a DNA comprising a base sequence hybridizable to the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO: 14 under highly stringent conditions and encoding a receptor having the activity of substantially the same nature (e.g., a ligand binding activity, a signal transduction activity, etc.) as that of the human metastin receptor, mouse metastin receptor or rat metastin receptor consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • a receptor having the activity of substantially the same nature e.g., a ligand binding activity, a signal transduction activity, etc.
  • Examples of the DNA hybridizable to the base sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO: 14 include DNAs comprising a base sequence, having at least about 70% homology, preferably at least about 80% homology, more preferably at least about 90% homology and the most preferably at least about 95% homology, to the base sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the hybridization can be carried out by per se publicly known methods or by modifications of these methods, for example, according to the method described in Molecular Cloning, 2nd (J. Sambrook et al., Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1989 ), etc.
  • a commercially available library may also be used according to the instructions of the attached manufacturer's protocol.
  • the hybridization can be carried out under highly stringent conditions.
  • the highly stringent conditions used herein are, for example, those in a sodium concentration at about 19 to 40 mM, preferably about 19 to 20 mM at a temperature of about 50 to 70°C, preferably about 60 to 65°C.
  • hybridization conditions in a sodium concentration of about 19 mM at a temperature of about 65°C are most preferred.
  • the DNA encoding the human metastin receptor consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9
  • the DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 is used.
  • the DNA encoding the rat metastin receptor consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11
  • the DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 is used.
  • the DNA encoding the mouse metastin receptor consisting of the amino acid sequence represented-by SEQ ID NO: 13
  • the DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 is used.
  • the metastin receptors, their partial peptides or salts thereof and the DNAs encoding the metastin receptors or their partial peptides can be obtained or produced by the methods described in WO 00/24890 or WO 01/75104 .
  • room temperature normally means a temperature of about 10°C to about 35°C.
  • yield is shown by mol/mol% and the solvent used in chromatography by vol%, and the remaining by wt%.
  • proton NMR spectra data on OH, NH protons, etc. that are broad and unidentified are not shown.
  • Phe ⁇ (CSNH)-NH 2 The C-terminal phenylalanylamide is substituted with the phenylalanylthioamide.
  • Phg phenylglycine
  • PhOH phenol
  • PhSMe thioanisole
  • Pic(2) pipecolinic acid
  • Pic(3) 3-piperidinecarboxylic acid
  • Pip(2) 2-aminopipecolinic acid
  • Pro proline
  • Pro(4F) trans-4-fluoroproline
  • Pro(4NH 2 ) cis-4-aminoproline
  • Pya(2) 2-pyridylalanine Pya(3) : 3-pyridylalanine Pya(4) : 4-pyridylalanine
  • PyAOP (7-azabenzotriazole-1-yloxy)-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
  • PyBOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexaflu
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
  • cDNA complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
  • A adenine T : thymine
  • G guanine C : cytosine Y : thymine or cytosine N : thymine, cytosine, adenine or guanine R : adenine or guanine M : cytosine or adenine W : thymine or adenine S : cytosine or guanine RNA ribonucleic acid mRNA : messenger ribonucleic acid
  • dATP deoxyadenosine triphosphate
  • dTTP deoxythymidine triphosphate
  • dGTP deoxyguanosine triphosphate
  • dCTP deoxycytidine triphosphate ATP : adenosine triphosphate
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • SDS sodium do
  • sequence identification numbers in the sequence listing of the specification indicates the following sequence, respectively.
  • the transformant Escherichia coli DH10B/pCMV-mKiSS-1 has been on deposit since January 24, 2000 with International Patent Organisms Depository, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (the former Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology (NIBH)), located at Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (postal code 305-8566), Japan, as the Accession Number FERM BP-7003 and since December 16, 1999 with Institute for Fermentation (IFO), located at 2-17-85, Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan, as the Accession Number IFO 16348.
  • the transformant Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ /pCR2.1-mKiSS-1.4A has been on deposit since March 6, 2000 with International Patent Organisms Depository; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (the former Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology (NIBH)), located at Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (postal code 305-8566), Japan, as the Accession Number FERM BP-7073 and since February 16, 2000 with Institute for Fermentation (IFO), located at 2-17-85 Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan, as the Accession Number IFO 16360.
  • Trp(Boc), D-Arg(Pbf) and Leu were introduced in this order into 178 mg of Rink Amide MBHA Resin (0.56 mmol/g) on an ABI 433A peptide synthesizer to produce H-Leu-D-Arg(Pbf)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • 116.3 mg (0.4 mmol) of Fmoc-NHNH 2 HCl was suspended in 1 mL of DMF, and under ice cooling a suspension of 61.6 mg (0.38 mmol) of CDI in 10 ml of THF was added thereto.
  • the resin was divided into halves, one of which was taken out and the remaining half was applied again on ABI 433A, whereby D-Trp(Boc) and D-Tyr(Bu t ) were introduced in this order to give the H-D-Tyr(Bu t )-D-Trp(Boc)-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-D-Arg(Pbf)-Trp(Boc )-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the product was treated for 20 minutes in 3 ml of DMF with 9.4 ⁇ l (0.1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 17.4 ⁇ l (0.1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation.
  • the resin was washed and dried to give 202.2 mg of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-D-Trp(Boc)-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-D-Arg(Pbf)-Trp(Bo c)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • Orn(Mtt) was introduced to give 2 mmol of the Fmoc-Orn(Mtt)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin obtained was washed and swollen with DCM, 50 mL of TFA/TIS/DCM (1/5/94) was added thereto, followed by shaking for 10 minutes and removing the solution through filtration. This procedure was repeated until yellow color caused by free Mtt group in a TFA/TIS/DCM (1/5/94) solution disappeared when the solution was added; thus the Mtt group was removed.
  • the resulting Fmoc-Orn-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin was neutralized with 5%-DIEA/DCM solution. After washing with DCM, 25 mL of DCM-TFE (4:1) and 1.946 g (6 mmol) of N-methyl-N,N'-bis-Boc-1-guanylpyrazole obtained in REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1 were added to the resin. DIEA was added to the mixture to adjust pH of the resulting solution to 10. The solution was shaken for 15 hours to give 6.195 g of Fmoc-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • Fmoc-Leu was introduced into the obtained resin as in the same manner described above.
  • the resin was divided in halves and the Fmoc group was removed from the thus obtained Fmoc-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin (1 mmol) to give H-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin (1 mmol).
  • Orn(Mtt) was introduced to give 3 mmol of the Fmoc-Orn(Mtt)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin obtained was washed with DCM and swollen, and then 50 mL of TFA/TIS/TFE/DCM (1/5/19/75) was added to the resin, followed by shaking for 10 minutes and removing the solution through filtration. This procedure was repeated until yellow color caused by free Mtt group in a TFA/TIS/TFE/DCM (1/5/19/75) solution disappeared when the solution was added thereto; thus, the Mtt group was removed.
  • the resulting Fmoc-Om-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin was neutralized with 5%-DIEA/DCM solution. After washing with DCM, 20 mL of DCM-TFE (4:1) and 2.919 g (9 mmol) of N-methyl-N,N'-bis-Boc-1-guanylpyrazole obtained in REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1 were added to the resin. DIEA was added to the mixture to adjust pH of the solution to 10. The mixture was shaken for 15 hours to give the Fmoc-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • Fmoc-Leu was introduced into the obtained resin as in the same manner described above.
  • the Fmoc group was then removed from the thus obtained Fmoc-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin (3 mmol) to give the H-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin (3 mmol).
  • the resin obtained was swollen in DMF and then treated with 30 ml of 20% piperidine/DMF solution for 20 minutes to remove the Fmoc group. After the resin obtained was washed with DMF, the resin was treated with 5.419 g (12 mmol) of Trt-Phe-OH.0.5AcOEt, 6.257 g (12 mmol) of PyAOP, 24 mL (12 mmol) of 0.5M HOAt/DMF and 7.316 mL (42 mmol) of DIEA at room temperature for 90 minutes to give the Trt-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was treated with 4.780 g (12 mmol) of Fmoc-Thr(Bu t )-OH, 1.908 mL (12 mmol) of DIPCDI and 24 mL (12 mmol) of 0.5M HOAt/DMF at room temperature for 90 minutes to introduce Thr(Bu t ).
  • the Fmoc deprotection through treatment with 50 ml of 20% piperidine/DMF solution for 20 minutes and condensation by the DIPCDI/HOAt method as in the introduction of Thr(Bu t ) were performed to introduce Asn(Trt).
  • the resin was then washed and dried to give 10.624 g of the Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin. After 100 mg (0.03 mmol) of the resulting resin was swollen in DMF, the resin was treated with 3 ml of 20% piperidine/DMF solution for 20 minutes to remove the Fmoc group.
  • the resin obtained was washed with DMF and treated in 1 ml of DMF with 9.4 ⁇ L(0.1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 17.4 ⁇ L (0.1 mmol) of DIEA at room temperature for 30 minutes for N-terminal acetylation.
  • the resin was washed and dried to give 94.2 mg of the Ac-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was washed with DMF and then treated in 1 mL of DMF with 70.6 mg (0.2 mmol) of Fmoc-Acp-OH, 104.2 mg (0.2 mmol) of PyAOP and 52.4 ⁇ L (0.2 mmol) of DIEA at room temperature for 90 minutes to introduce Acp; thus, the Fmoc-Acp-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin was obtained. The obtained resin was treated with 3 ml of 20% piperidine/DMF solution and then washed with DMF to remove the Fmoc group.
  • the resin was treated in 1 mL of DMF with 9.4 ⁇ L (0.1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 17.4 ⁇ L (0.1 mmol) of DIEA at room temperature for 30 minutes to acetylate the N terminus.
  • the treated resin was then washed and dried to give 101.2 mg of the Ac-Acp-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the Fmoc-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin 800 mg (0.3 mmol), was used as a starting material, and the starting material was reacted on peptide synthesizer ABI 433A (according to the Fmoc/DCC/HOBt 0.25 mmol protocol) to introduce Phe, Thr(Bu t ), Asn(Trt), Hyp(Bu t ) and D-Tyr(Bu t ) in this order thereby to give the H-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Hyp(Bu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was treated for 20 minutes in DMF with 94.4 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 174.2 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation to give 1.049 g of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Hyp(Bu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Bo c)-Rink amide MBHA resin. The same procedure was carried out again to give 1.035 g of the resin.
  • the Fmoc-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin 661 mg (0.25 mmol), was used as a starting material, and the starting material was reacted on peptide synthesizer ABI 433A (according to the Fmoc/DCC/HOBt 0.25 mmol protocol) to introduce Phe, Thr(Bu t ), Asn(Trt), Gly and D-Tyr(Bu t ) in this order thereby to give the H-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Gly-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was treated for 20 minutes in DMF with 94.4 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 174.2 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation to give 866.6 mg of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Gly-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • 8 mL of TFA/PhSMe/m-cresol/H 2 O/TIS/EDT 80/5/5/5/2.5/2.5 was added, followed by stirring for 90 minutes.
  • the fractions containing the product were collected and lyophilized.
  • the obtained white powders 42.9 mg, were dissolved in 50 mL of water and 153 ⁇ L of ion exchange resin BioRAD AG1 x 8 AcO - form was added to the solution. While manually stirring the reaction solution sometimes, the solution was allowed to stand for an hour. The solution was then filtered through a membrane filter to remove the resin and give 39.9 mg of white powders as the acetate.
  • To the purified sample (the acetate) obtained 1.995 ml of glacial acetic acid was added and the mixture was sonicated for 5 minutes. Subsequently, 5.985 ml of pure water was added to prepare 5 mg/ml/25% aqueous acetic acid solution.
  • the resulting 5 mg/ml solution was dispensed in one vial of 4 ml, and the rest of the solution was transferred to a vial.
  • These vials were frozen at -80°C for 2 hours and then lyophilized, in which the lyophilization was performed while cooling at -40°C for an hour, -20°C for 2 hours, 0°C for 12 hours, 5°C for 8 hours and 20°C for 5 hours.
  • one vial of 20 mg and one vial of 19.08 mg prepared from the remaining solution were obtained.
  • the fractions containing the product were collected and lyophilized.
  • the obtained white powders were dissolved in 50 mL of water and 150 ⁇ L of ion exchange resin BioRAD AG1 x 8 AcO - form was added to the solution. While manually stirring the reaction solution sometimes, the solution was allowed to stand for an hour. The solution was then filtered through a membrane filter to remove the resin and give 41.9 mg of white powders as the acetate.
  • To the purified sample (the acetate) obtained 2.095 ml of glacial acetic acid was added and the mixture was sonicated for 5 minutes. Subsequently, 6.285 ml of pure water was added to prepare 5 mg/ml/25% aqueous acetic acid solution.
  • the resulting 5 mg/ml solution was dispensed in one vial of 4 ml and one vial of 3 ml, and the rest of the solution was transferred to a vial.
  • These vials were frozen at -80°C for 2 hours and then lyophilized, in which the lyophilization was performed while cooling at -40°C for an hour, -20°C for 2 hours, 0°C for 12 hours, 5°C for 8 hours and 20°C for 5 hours.
  • one vial of 20 mg, one vial of 15 mg and one vial of 4.8 mg prepared from the remaining solution were obtained.
  • the Fmoc-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin 661 mg (0.25 mmol), was used as a starting material, and the starting material was reacted on a peptide synthesizer ABI 433A (according to the Fmoc/DCC/HOBt 0.25 mmol protocol), whereby Phe, Thr(Bu t ), Asn(Trt), Glu(OBu t ) and D-Tyr(Bu t ) were introduced in this order to give the H-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Glu(OBu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was treated for 20 minutes in DMF with 94.4 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 174.2 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation to give 940.0 mg of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Glu(OBu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • linear density gradient elution 60 minutes was performed at a flow rate of 15 ml/min with eluants A/B: 76/24-66/34 using: eluant A: 0.1% TFA in water and eluant B: 0.1% TFA-containing acetonitrile on preparative HPLC using YMC Pack R&D-ODS-5-B S-5, 120A column (30 x 250 mm). The fractions containing the product were collected and lyophilized.
  • the obtained white powders 57.3 mg, were dissolved in 100 mL of water and 192 ⁇ L of ion exchange resin AG1 x 8 AcO - form, which was obtained by converting commercially available BioRAD AG1 x 8 Cl - form into the acetate type in a conventional manner, was added to the solution. While manually stirring the reaction solution sometimes, the solution was allowed to stand for an hour. The solution was then filtered through a membrane filter to remove the resin and the resin was lyophilized to give 42.7 mg of white powders. To the purified sample (the acetate) obtained, 2.135 ml of glacial acetic acid was added and the mixture was sonicated for 5 minutes.
  • the Fmoc-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin 661 mg (0.25 mmol), was used as a starting material, and the starting material was reacted on ABI 433A peptide synthesizer (according to the Fmoc/DCC/HOBt 0.25 mmol protocol), whereby Phe(3F), Thr(Bu t ), Asn(Trt), Lys(Boc) and D-Tyr(Bu t ) were introduced in this order to give the H-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Lys(Boc)-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe(3F)-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp (Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was treated for 20 minutes in DMF with 94.4 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 174.2 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation to give 881.7 mg of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Lys(Boc)-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe(3F)-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • the Fmoc-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin 661 mg (0.25 mmol), was used as a starting material, and the starting material was reacted on ABI 433A peptide synthesizer (according to the Fmoc/DCC/HOBt 0.25 mmol protocol), whereby Phe(3F), Thr(Bu t ), Asn(Trt), Glu(OBu t ) and D-Tyr(Bu t ) were introduced in this order to give the H-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Glu(OBu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe(3F)-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was treated for 20 minutes in DMF with 94.4 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 174.2 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation to give 872.5 mg of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Glu(OBu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe(3F)-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • linear density gradient elution 60 minutes was performed at a flow rate of 15 ml/min with eluants A/B: 74.5/25.5-64.5/35.5 using: eluant A: 0.1% TFA in water and eluant B: 0.1% TFA-containing acetonitrile on preparative HPLC using YMC Pack R&D-ODS-5-B S-5, 120A column (30 x 250 mm). The fractions containing the product were collected and lyophilized.
  • the obtained white powders 60.0 mg, were dissolved in 100 mL of water and 198 ⁇ L of ion exchange resin AG1 x 8 AcO - form, which was obtained by converting commercially available BioRAD AG1 x 8 Cl - form into the acetate type in a conventional manner, was added to the solution. While manually stirring the reaction solution sometimes, the solution was allowed to stand for an hour. The solution was then filtered through a membrane filter to remove the resin and give 45.2 mg of white powders as the acetate. To the purified sample (the acetate) obtained, 2.26 ml of glacial acetic acid was added and the mixture was sonicated for 5 minutes.
  • the Fmoc-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin 661 mg (0.25 mmol), was used as a starting material, and the starting material was reacted on peptide synthesizer ABI 433A (according to the Fmoc/DCC/HOBt 0.25 mmol protocol), whereby Phe(4F), Thr(Bu t ), Asn(Trt), Hyp(Bu t ) and D-Tyr(Bu t ) were introduced in this order to give the H-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Hyp(Bu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe(4F)-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was treated for 20 minutes in DMF with 94.4 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 174.2 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation to give 832.8 mg of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Hyp(Bu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe(4F)-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin. The same procedure was carried out again to give 823.9 mg of the resin.
  • linear density gradient elution 60 minutes was performed at a flow rate of 15 ml/min with eluants A/B: 74/26-64/36 using: eluant A: 0.1% TFA in water and eluant B: 0.1% TFA-containing acetonitrile on preparative HPLC using YMC Pack R&D-ODS-5-B S-5, 120A column (30 x 250 mm). The fractions containing the product were collected and lyophilized.
  • the obtained white powders 117.7 mg, were dissolved in 200 mL of water and 394 ⁇ L of ion exchange resin AG1 x 8 AcO - form, which was obtained by converting commercially available BioRAD AG1 x 8 Cl - form into the acetate type in a conventional manner, was added to the solution. While manually stirring the reaction solution sometimes, the solution was allowed to stand for an hour. The solution was then filtered through a membrane filter to remove the resin and give 115.5 mg of white powders as the acetate. To the purified sample (the acetate) obtained, 5.775 ml of glacial acetic acid was added and the mixture was sonicated for 5 minutes.
  • the Rink amide MBHA resin 357 mg (0.25 mmol), was used as a starting material, and the starting material were reacted on peptide synthesizer ABI 433A (according to the Fmoc/DCC/HOBt 0.25 mmol protocol), whereby Trp(Boc), Arg(Pbf) and Leu were introduced to give the H-Leu-Arg(Pbf)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • Trp(Boc), Arg(Pbf) and Leu were introduced to give the H-Leu-Arg(Pbf)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • 290.75 mg (1 mmol) of the Fmoc-NHNH 2 .HCl was weighed and dissolved in DMF.
  • the resin was treated for 20 minutes in DMF with 94.4 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 174.2 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation to give 596.6 mg of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Hyp(Bu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Pbf)-Trp(Boc)-Ri nk amide MBHA resin.
  • the Fmoc-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)- Rink amide MBHA resin (0.378 mmol/g), 661 mg (0.25 mmol), was used as a starting material, and the starting material were reacted on peptide synthesizer ABI 433A (according to the Fmoc/DCC/HOBt 0.25 mmol protocol), whereby Phe, Thr(Bu t ), Alb, Hyp(Bu t ) and D-Tyr(Bu t ) were introduced in this order thereby to give the H-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Hyp(Bu t )-Alb-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • the resin was treated for 20 minutes in DMF with 94.4 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of Ac 2 O and 174.2 ⁇ l (1 mmol) of DIEA for N-terminal acetylation to give 1.173 g of the Ac-D-Tyr(Bu t )-Hyp(Bu t )-Asn(Trt)-Thr(Bu t )-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(BOC 2 ,Me)-Trp(Boc)-Rink amide MBHA resin.
  • the resulting resin was treated for 10 minutes in DMF with 11.4 ⁇ l (0.12 mmol) of 2-pyridinecarboxyaldehyde in the presence of 50 ⁇ l of AcOH, 41.1 mg (0.4 mmol) of NaBH 3 CN was added to thereto and the mixture was stirred for an hour. After washing in DMF, the same procedure was repeated again. The resin obtained was washed in DMF and MeOH and dried to give 281.4 mg of the 4-[Bis-(2-Pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]benzoyl-Phe-AzaGly-Leu-Arg(Boc 2 ,Me)-Trp( Boc)-Rink Amide MBHA resin.
  • the intracellular Ca ion level-increasing activity was measured using FLIPR.
  • the stable expression cell line hOT7T175 was obtained by transfection of the expression plasmid pAK-rOT175 for animal cells into CHO/dhfr - cells, using CellPhect Transfection Kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Inc.). First, 240 ⁇ L of Buffer A (attached to CellPhect Transfection Kit) was added to 9.6 ⁇ g of plasmid DNA dissolved in 240 ⁇ L of distilled water followed by stirring. After the mixture was settled for 10 minutes, 480 ⁇ L of Buffer B (attached to CellPhect Transfection Kit) was added to the mixture, which was vigorously stirred to form liposomes containing the DNA.
  • Buffer A attached to CellPhect Transfection Kit
  • Buffer B attached to CellPhect Transfection Kit
  • CHO/dhfr - cells obtained from ATCC were inoculated on a 60 mm Petri dish. After culturing the cells in Ham's F-12 medium (Nissui Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (BIO WHITTAKER, Inc.) at 37°C for 2 days in 5% carbon dioxide gas, 480 mL of the liposomes were dropwise added to the cells on the Petri dish.
  • Ham's F-12 medium Nasui Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
  • 10% fetal bovine serum BIO WHITTAKER, Inc.
  • the cells were washed twice with serum-free Ham's F-12 medium and 3 mL of 15% glycerol was added to the cells on the Petri dish followed by treatment for 2 minutes.
  • the cells were again washed twice with serum-free Ham's F-12 medium followed by incubation in Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C for 15 hours in 5% carbon dioxide gas.
  • the cells were dispersed by trypsin treatment to recover from the Petri dish.
  • the recovered cells were inoculated on a 6-well plate in 1.25 x 10 4 cells/well and incubation was initiated at 37°C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) medium (Nissui Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) containing 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum (JRH BIOSCIENCES, Inc.) in 5% carbon dioxide gas.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
  • JRH BIOSCIENCES, Inc. 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum
  • the plasmid-transfected CHO transformants grew in the medium but the non-transfected cells gradually died, accordingly the medium was exchanged on Days 1 and 2 after the initiation of incubation to remove the cells died.
  • Approximately 20 colonies of the CHO transformants that kept growing on Days 8 to 10 after the incubation were isolated. From the cells in these colonies, cells showing high reactivity with the ligand peptide metastin (hereinafter merely
  • the intracellular Ca ion level-increasing activity of the synthetic peptide in hOT7T175/CHO was determined using FLIPR (Molecular Devices, Inc.).
  • hOT7T175/CHO was subcultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum (hereinafter abbreviated as dFBS) (hereinafter referred to as 10% dFBS/DMEM) and provided for the experiment.
  • dFBS dialyzed fetal bovine serum
  • the hOT7T175/CHO was suspended in 10% dFBS-DMEM in 15 x 10 4 cells/ml.
  • the suspension was inoculated on a 96-well plate for FLIPR (Black Plate Clear Bottom, Coster, Inc.) at 200 ⁇ l/well (3.0 x 10 4 cells/200 ⁇ L/well), followed by incubation at 37°C overnight in a 5% CO 2 incubator (hereinafter referred to as the cell plate).
  • FLIPR Black Plate Clear Bottom, Coster, Inc.
  • HANKS/HBSS (9.8 g of HANKS, 0.35 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate, 20 ml of 1M HEPES; after adjusting the pH to 7.4 with 1N sodium hydroxide, the mixture was sterilized by filtration), 210 ⁇ l of 250 mM Probenecid and 210 ⁇ l of fetal bovine serum (FBS) (HANKS/HBSS-Probenecid-FBS) were mixed.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • the dilution was then transferred to a 96-well plate for FLIPR (V-Bottom plate, Coster, Inc.) (hereinafter referred to as the sample plate).
  • the cell plate was washed 4 times with wash buffer, which was prepared by adding 2.5 mM Probenecid to HANKS/HBSS, using a plate washer to leave 100 ⁇ L of the wash buffer after the washing.
  • wash buffer which was prepared by adding 2.5 mM Probenecid to HANKS/HBSS, using a plate washer to leave 100 ⁇ L of the wash buffer after the washing.
  • the cell plate and the sample plate were set in FLIPR and 0.05 ml of a sample from the sample plate was automatically transferred to the cell plate with the FLIPR device to promote the cell response.
  • a change in the intracellular calcium ion level for 180 seconds was measured with passage of time.
  • a metastin peptide derivative (hereinafter referred to as peptide) was dissolved in 50% DMSO aqueous solution (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) to prepare a peptide solution with a concentration of 0.03, 0.01 or 0.003 mM.
  • This peptide solution was filled in five ALZET osmotic pumps (Model 2001, 0.2 ml in volume, release rate: 0.001 ml/hr, DURECT Corporation).
  • the ALZET pumps filled with the peptide solution were implanted subcutaneously in 5 CD(SD)IGS male rats of 9 weeks old after birth (Charles River Japan, Inc.) on the back under ether anesthesia by one pump/animal.
  • DMSO aqueous solution was filled in 5 ALZET osmotic pumps, which were similarly implanted in 5 male CD(SD)IGS rats (Charles River Japan, Inc.), respectively. These pump-implanted rats were fed for 6 days under normal feeding conditions. After weighing, the animal was decapitated to collect blood. After 0.03 ml/ml blood of aprotinin solution (Trasylol, Bayer) containing 0.1 g/ml EDTA.2Na was added to blood, the plasma was separated and recovered by centrifugation at 1,800 x g for 25 min.
  • aprotinin solution Trasylol, Bayer
  • stable metastin derivatives having excellent biological activities a cancer metastasis suppressing activity, a cancer growth suppressing activity, a gonadotrophic hormone secretion stimulating activity, sex hormone secretion stimulating activity, etc.

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EP06843555A 2005-12-22 2006-12-21 Metastin derivatives and use thereof Active EP1963362B1 (en)

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SI200631152T SI1963362T1 (sl) 2005-12-22 2006-12-21 Metastinovi derivati in njihova uporaba
PL06843555T PL1963362T3 (pl) 2005-12-22 2006-12-21 Pochodne metastatyny i ich zastosowanie
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