Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/28—Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/30—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding
  • B28B7/303—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding specially for making undercut recesses or continuous cavities the inner section of which is superior to the section of either of the mouths
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/26—Assemblies of separate moulds, i.e. of moulds or moulding space units, each forming a complete mould or moulding space unit independently from each other

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for producing molded concrete blocks and a mold system and a mold insert therefor.
• the invention is based on economically particularly important devices for the production of shaped concrete blocks by compacting the concrete quantity filled into mold cavities of a mold, in particular under the action of vibrating movements on the concrete quantity.
• Mold cavities are closed during filling and pouring by a base, in particular a vibrating table or a stone board lying on top of it. After the vibrating process has been completed, the concrete quantity is compacted into dimensionally stable concrete moldings, which are pressed down through the lower openings in the mold cavities. Different shapes can be exchanged in the molding machine.
• the side wall surfaces of the concrete blocks are typically cylindrical.
• recess bodies also referred to as cores, which protrude inwardly from the wall surfaces of the mold cavity into the mold cavity during the filling and compacting of the concrete mixture and be moved to a retracted position after compacting and before demoulding the concrete blocks.
• DE 41 00 161 A1 describes a device for producing large-volume manhole parts, in which a plurality of arc-shaped core elements are used to form steps in an inner shaft wall in a formwork coupled pivotable about parallel axes or linearly displaceable together.
• US 3,731,899 describes a mold for hollow blocks. Cliffs are arranged on the outer wall of the mold, by means of which recess bodies can be displaced into mold cavities by means of pressure medium cylinders against a resetting spring force.
• a mold contains a plurality of mold nests with recess bodies in the form of
• Wall sections which are coupled in groups via support levers to swivel shafts which extend over the mold length.
• the swivel shaft is operated via swivel levers and rollers, which are pressed upwards when the mold is placed on the vibrating table.
• DE 101 10 651 A1 shows a mold with a plurality of mold nests and mold cores which are provided on all sides and which can be moved collectively by means of traction means running around the mold nests.
• the traction means are actuated together by a hydraulic drive arranged between a plurality of mold nests.
• the invention has for its object to provide an economically more favorable device for the production of concrete blocks with lateral recesses as well as a mold system and a mold insert therefor.
• An essential advantageous property of the device according to the invention is the subdivision of the mechanical transmission devices between the at least one positionally variable recess body and the drive devices into first and second transmission means, which are connected via coupling tion elements are releasably connected, and the arrangement of the drive means on the side of a molding frame connected to the molding machine.
• drive devices and first transmission means with first coupling elements on the side of the mold frame can remain in the molding machine when the mold insert detachably held in the mold frame is replaced.
• a mold system with such a separation of the molds in the mold frame and mold insert and the transfer devices into first and second transfer means in connection with a plurality of different mold inserts with position-changing recess bodies is particularly advantageous, wherein different mold inserts can be detachably used in one and the same mold frame.
• the second transmission means which in particular can also be different in different mold inserts, engage with their second coupling elements in each case in first coupling elements of the first transmission means common to different mold inserts on the side of the common mold frame.
• the second transmission means can be optimized for the respective recess shapes and, at the same time, the advantages of a molding frame remaining in the molding machine and the drive devices required only once on this can be exploited.
• the engagement of the first and the second coupling elements can advantageously be produced automatically when a mold insert is inserted into the mold frame and / or can be released automatically when the mold insert is removed from the mold frame.
• the engagement or disengagement of the first and second coupling elements is advantageously carried out in the same direction as the insertion or removal of the mold insert relative to the mold frame. men. Manufacture and release of the engagement of the first and second coupling elements are preferably carried out without tools.
• the first and second coupling elements can, in particular, be linear, preferably vertical guides and guided, eg. B. contain pin-shaped or flat, preferably vertically extending counter-elements.
• the first and / or second coupling elements can also contain toothed structures.
• the first and second transmission means with the first and second coupling elements are advantageously arranged between horizontally opposite wall surfaces of the mold frame and mold insert. In the case of mold inserts with a plurality of mold nests, the second transmission means can also run in the region of intermediate walls between adjacent mold nests.
• the first transmission means or their first coupling elements can carry out different movement patterns under the action of the drive devices, in particular rotations or displacements.
• the first coupling elements are preferably horizontally and linearly displaceable parallel to the opposing side walls of the mold frame and mold insert. Linearly displaceable and rotatable first coupling elements can also occur together in the first transmission devices.
• the first transmission means contain at least first coupling elements which can be moved by the drive devices in the opposite direction of rotation or preferably in the opposite direction of linear displacement. For this you can the first transmission means are divided into partial transmission means and a plurality of drive devices are provided.
• the first and second coupling elements are advantageously provided on at least two opposite outer sides of the typically substantially rectangular mold insert.
• the drive devices advantageously contain actuators on at least two opposite sides of the typically essentially rectangular shaped frame, advantageously at least two actuators each working in opposite directions are provided.
• the preferably linear movements of the interlocking coupling elements can be implemented in known movements mechanical elements such as rods, levers, link guides, rollers, tension elements, gears, etc. in movements of recess bodies when changing their position.
• the type of movement of the recess bodies can differ from the type of movement of the coupling elements.
• the second transmission means can each be designed in such a way that the type of movement of the first coupling elements specified by the mold frame can occur in combination with largely any types of movement of the recess bodies.
• the type of movement of the first coupling elements and the recess body are directed linearly and identically.
• e.g. B be implemented a linear movement of the first coupling elements in a pivoting movement of recess bodies.
• the drive devices advantageously contain at least one controllable actuator, preferably with a linear movement, in particular a hydraulic cylinder.
• the transmission devices contain a plurality of hydraulic cylinders with at least predominantly horizontal directions of movement as actuators. The actuators drive the first transmission means with the first coupling elements.
• position or displacement measuring devices can be assigned to the drive devices or the transmission devices, in particular to the first transmission means, in particular connected to them and / or integrated into them.
• this enables particularly precise and flexible actuation of the drive devices, in particular if there are several actuators.
• this also different, z. B. depending on the mold use, varying travel paths and / or travel directions with constant drive units on the mold frame and first transmission means can be easily implemented.
• the drive devices arranged in the mold frame and therefore uniform for different mold inserts also advantageously permit particularly favorable integration of the control of the drive devices into a programmable control device available for the sequence control of the molding machine.
• the mold system advantageously contains at least one mold insert with linearly displaceable recess bodies and / or at least one mold insert with pivotable recess bodies.
• at least one mold insert without a position-changing recess body, for which consequently no second transmission devices and second coupling elements are required, can also be inserted into the mold frame.
• Fig. 3 shows a first section of the mold frame and mold insert
• Fig. 4 shows a second section of the mold frame and mold insert
• FIG. 6 shows a detail from FIG. 5,
• FIG. 10 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 10,
• FIG. 13 shows a first section XIII through FIG. 12,
• FIG. 14 shows a second section XIV through FIG. 12
• FIG. 15 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 8 with the cores extended
• FIG. 16 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 15,
• FIG. 17 is a view corresponding to FIG. 12 with the cores extended
• FIG. 19 shows a second section IXX through FIG. 17, FIG. 20 shows a view in the direction of travel of the cores,
• FIG. 21 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 20,
• FIG. 22 is a view transverse to the direction of travel with the cores retracted, 23 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 22,
• FIG. 25 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 24,
• FIG. 26 shows an oblique view of a molding machine
• FIG. 27 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 26,
• 31 shows a plan view of a device with an arrangement
• FIG. 32 shows a side view of a device according to FIG. 31.
• Fig. 1 shows in schematic form a mold frame with a view from below. To compare the orientation, a right-angled x, y, z coordinate system is also shown, the vertical z direction of which is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
• the form frame is essentially rectangular and surrounds a form receptacle FA with longitudinal strips LL extending in the x direction and transverse strips QL extending in the y direction, which is likewise essentially rectangular in the sketched view. Longitudinal strips and transverse strips can form a one-piece mold frame or be assembled into a mold frame.
• the molding frame is held in a molding machine and, depending on its functional principle, is guided vertically at a fixed height or vertically displaceably in a machine frame, which is indicated in the corners of the molding frame with frame elements MR.
• a machine frame which is indicated in the corners of the molding frame with frame elements MR.
• Different suitable machine types are common and known per se.
• a step ST is formed along the contour of the mold holder FA, which is a preferred embodiment for holding and aligning a mold insert and is to be understood in this schematic sketch as representative of different, also known structures between a mold frame and a mold insert.
• Drive devices AEL, AER are arranged on two opposite sides of the shape receptacle, in the sketched example on the longitudinal strips, which can advantageously be integrated into the longitudinal strips and, in particular, inserted into recesses in the longitudinal strips.
• the drive devices effect the movement of first coupling elements KE1 in a bidirectional direction of movement via movable first mechanical transmission means UM1.
• the drive devices are e.g. B. designed as a hydraulically actuated linear cylinder, the piston rods guided in the longitudinal strips form the first mechanical transmission means, in which pins extending in the z direction are arranged as first coupling elements.
• electronic position or displacement measuring devices can be assigned to the drive devices and / or the first transmission means and connected to them or integrated into them, e.g. B. as so-called digital rulers integrated in hydraulic cylinders.
• Fig. 2 also shows a view from below schematically of a mold insert which can be inserted into the mold receptacle FA of the mold frame from below, the contour EK of the mold insert advantageously corresponding to the step ST for the position-specific alignment of the mold insert in the mold frame.
• the mold insert can be clamped vertically against the mold frame by bracing devices (not shown) of the mold frame and / or the molding machine, preferably by bracing a vibrating table arrangement vertically against the mold frame.
• the mold insert has a Steinfeld SF in the inner area, which typically contains several separate mold cavities FN.
• Several recess bodies AK also referred to as cores, protrude laterally in one or more mold cavities and are variable in position between the sketched retracted position, in which the recess bodies protrude into the mold cavities, which have essentially constant cross sections in the z direction, and an extended position, in which the recess bodies are extended from the mold nests.
• the recess bodies can perform linear and / or pivoting movements when the position changes. Different shapes of the recess body and different movement patterns are known from the prior art.
• the change in position of the recess bodies between the first retracted and the second extended position is accomplished via schematically indicated second mechanical transmission means UM2, which are connected to second coupling elements KE2.
• the first and second coupling elements engage in one another and move of the first coupling elements on the part of the mold frame under the action of the drive devices forces a movement of the second coupling elements, which is converted into a change in position of the recess bodies via the second mechanical transmission means.
• the transmission devices with the respective coupling elements are designed as rigid units and the movement patterns of the cores are rectified and parallel to those of the first coupling elements.
• the movement patterns can also be implemented between the first and second coupling elements and / or within the second mechanical transmission means and / or between the second transmission means and recess bodies. Examples of such implementations of movement patterns are known from the prior art.
• the second transmission means which are shown in the sketch in FIG. 2 as surrounding the stone field SF, can also run between adjacent form nests through the stone field, for which purpose examples are also known per se from the prior art.
• Fig. 3 shows in a first cutout and Fig. 4 in a second cutout mold frame and mold insert in horizontally aligned positions before inserting the mold insert into the mold frame.
• the horizontal mutual alignment is in particular also predetermined by the outer contour of the mold insert and the inner contour of the mold receptacle, including their graded courses.
• the first coupling elements are aligned vertically in these horizontally aligned positions of the mold frame and mold insert, as indicated by the broken lines. Due to the relative vertical displacement of the mold frame and mold insert up to the stop of the stepped outer contour EK of the mold insert on the step ST of the mold frame, the first and second coupling elements automatically interlock the one.
• the mold insert can be detachably held in the mold frame by holding means not shown.
• the engagement of the coupling elements is automatically released when the mold insert is removed from the mold frame.
• the first coupling elements KE1 are designed as vertical pins and the second coupling elements KE2 as corresponding recesses.
• Other designs are known and suitable for the detachably interlocking first and second coupling elements.
• the connection of the second transmission means UM2 via the coupling elements and the first transmission means UM1 to the drive devices is largely independent of the structure of the second transmission means, so that any shape inserts with position-changing cores and correspondingly designed second transmission means can be inserted into the mold frame and actuated via the drive devices are.
• the mold frame can advantageously remain in the molding machine.
• a mold cavity FN with a mold wall FW is indicated in FIG. 3.
• a core AK is partially drawn into the mold cavity in a retracted position.
• the core AK can be moved in the direction of the arrow into a second, extended position.
• the first coupling elements on the side of the mold frame are advantageously arranged set back in recesses AU of the mold frame against the inner contour of the mold holder, the recesses for Mold receptacle or to an inserted mold insert are open and the second transmission means with the second coupling elements protrude into the recesses.
• the mold system with different mold inserts that can be used in the common mold frame can also include mold inserts without cores that change their position. Such a mold insert would then have no second transmission means with second coupling elements and the drive devices, the first transmission means and the first coupling elements would have no function with such a mold insert.
• Fig. 5 shows a form frame with a view into the underside of it in an oblique perspective view.
• hydraulic cylinders HZR, HZL are drawn in as drive devices in the starting positions, the punch rods SAR, SAL of the two hydraulic cylinders being displaceable from their respective starting positions in opposite directions in the selected example.
• the hydraulic cylinders can also be moved synchronously in the same direction or in another relation to one another.
• the stamp rods form the first transmission means and are guided in the longitudinal bar and protrude into recesses AU.
• FIG. 6 shows an enlarged section from FIG. 5, from which the arrangement with the hydraulic cylinder HZL, punch rod SAL and pins S1 in the region of the recess AU becomes even clearer.
• 7 shows an advantageous embodiment of a mold insert from a mold system with several different mold inserts in an oblique view from below.
• the mold insert according to FIG. 7 has a stone field with four mold nests with a rectangular cross section, which are delimited by mold walls FW connected to a common cover plate DP and projecting downwards therefrom.
• Mold cores AK are provided on each of two opposing mold walls of the individual mold nests, which, in the sketched retracted position, into the
• Mold cavities protrude and can be displaced from this retracted position into an extended position in which the end faces of the cores AK facing the mold cavity advantageously run flush with the mold walls.
• the cores on opposite sides of a mold cavity must be moved in opposite directions.
• the total of 16 mold cores in the example are combined in two groups with a uniform direction of movement within each group, and all cores in a group are each fastened to one of two support frames URL or URR.
• the support frames are to be regarded as parts of the second transmission means of this mold insert.
• the two frames overlap with one another in the area between mold nests that are adjacent in the x direction.
• the cores AK are fastened to frame sections of the carrier frame which run in the y direction. These frame sections are advantageously all in one plane and are partially bent at the ends for the overlap and unimpeded displacement of the sections extending in the x direction at the transition to the sections extending in the x direction.
• Tabs LAL, LAR protrude from the sections of the two support frames running in the x direction, at which bores BO are formed as second coupling elements, in which the first coupling elements are formed in the vertical direction. intervention elements.
• the tabs LAR on the support frame URR are bent over to the sections of this support frame running in the x direction, which in turn means that all the tabs lie in a horizontal plane.
• FIG. 8 the mold insert from FIG. 7 is inserted into the mold frame from FIG. 5 and held by holding means not shown in the drawing.
• the bores BO as second coupling elements are in engagement with the pins S1 as the first coupling elements.
• the tabs LAL, LAR protrude into the recesses AU in the longitudinal strips LL, as can be seen more clearly in the enlarged section from FIG. 8 to FIG. 9.
• the hydraulic cylinders and their punch rods with the pins S1 are in the starting position and the cores AK projecting into the mold cavities in the retracted position.
• FIG. 10 shows a fictitious combination of only these carrier frames with the form frame.
• FIG. 11 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 10, in which the displaceability of the two support frames from the sketched position with the cores retracted into a position with the cores extended is also indicated by two opposite arrows.
• Frame sections running in the direction all lie in one plane, the sections extending in the x direction lie in separate planes, at least in the mutual overlap region.
• 12 shows a form frame from below with a vertical viewing direction.
• the hydraulic cylinders HZL, HZR are in the starting position.
• the tabs LAL, LAR the support frame of the mold insert that is not shown.
• the displaceability of the tabs LAL, LAR in opposite directions is indicated by arrows.
• the section XIII from FIG. 12 to FIG. 13 illustrates the position of the hydraulic cylinders HZL or HZR in the longitudinal strips LL and the guidance of the plunger rods in guides FS.
• FIG. 14 shows, in accordance with the section XIV from FIG. 12, the design of the punch rods SAR with flattenings compared to a round cross section. Not shown in the figures are piping for hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinders.
• FIG. 17 shows a complete view of a molding frame with stamp rods shifted into the second position and correspondingly shifted tabs LAL, LAR. 18 corresponds to a section XVIII through FIG. 17.
• a section IXX through FIG. 17 shows again in FIG. 19 the flattened shape of the stamp rod, which runs along flat surfaces of the recess AU and a cover plate AP, with the bores BO and the pins S1 engaging in these as second and first coupling elements.
• FIG. 15 an oblique representation of a mold frame with mold insert analogous to FIG. 8 is sketched, in which, however, the displacement of the hydraulic cylinders, the coupling elements and, with these, also the tabs and the carrier frame men URL, URR in the x direction, the displacements of the two support frames according to the arrows in FIG. 11 under the action of the hydraulic cylinders HZL, HZR in opposite directions.
• the displacement of the support frame is coupled with a displacement of the cores AK from the retracted position shown in FIG. 8 to the extended position shown in FIG. 15, in which the end faces of the cores facing the mold nests advantageously lie flush with the wall surfaces of the mold walls FW or can also be withdrawn against them.
• the concrete blocks previously compacted during a vibrating process can be demolded downward from the mold nests.
• FIG. 16 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 15.
• FIGS. 20 to 25 show further sections through a mold frame with a mold insert.
• 20 and the enlarged section in FIG. 21 clearly show the shape and offset of the support frames URL, URR, which run at the same height in the area of the cores AK and also the tabs with the holes BO as second coupling elements in FIG have a uniform height, whereas in the edge region with the sections running perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in the x direction, the two support frames run at different heights.
• 20 also shows a RT shaking table with a stone board SB, which is pressed against the mold insert from below and closes the lower openings of the mold nests during the filling process and the shaking process.
• FIG. 22 and the enlarged detail in FIG. 23 show a section in an xz plane through the cores AK in their position moved into the mold cavities FN.
• the arrows indicate the directions in which the cores AK are shifted after the shaking process has been completed.
• Fig. 24 and the enlarged 25 in the same sectional plane show the cores in the extended position and partially downwards due to the relative vertical displacement of the mold frame with the mold insert compared to the vibrating table with the stone board, and the molded stones FS which are still resting on the stone board.
• FIG. 26 shows an oblique view of a section from a molding machine with a molding frame of the type described.
• the enlarged section according to FIG. 27 shows the hydraulic cylinders HZL, HZR with punch rods.
• the mold insert is not shown, only the tabs LAL 1 LAR are shown in their position with the mold insert installed.
• a vibrating table can be moved vertically via a plurality of hydraulic cylinders VE supported on the molding frame and can in particular also be used for inserting and removing a molding insert.
• 28 shows an alternative embodiment of the coupling elements with a linearly displaceable toothed rack ZS as one and a rotatable toothed wheel ZR or toothed arch as another coupling element.
• 29 shows a linearly displaceable rod KS with an elongated hole LO transverse to the direction of displacement as one and a bolt KB, which is guided in the elongated hole and is arranged on a pivotable lever KH, as another coupling element.
• Different variants can be jointly provided within the first and / or second coupling elements.
• FIGS. 30 to 32 An advantageous embodiment of a mold frame in connection with drive devices and transmission devices is sketched in FIGS. 30 to 32.
• a longitudinal bar LLH of the form frame is here made in a stable, lightweight construction by means of a folded sheet or a hollow profile which is open on one side in the example, in particular with a U-shaped cross section.
• the middle leg of the U shape forms a wall surface WR of the mold frame facing the mold insert, which runs essentially vertically.
• FIG. 30 shows an oblique view of the open profile from the side facing away from the mold insert without the mold insert.
• FIG. 31 shows a sectional illustration in a horizontal sectional plane and FIG. 32 in a vertical sectional plane, each with first and second transmission means UMH 1 or UMH2 and first and second coupling elements KEH1 or KEH2.
• a hydraulic cylinder HZH 1 as an actuator of the drive devices is arranged with a horizontally guided plunger rod as the first transmission means UMH1 on the side of the central leg of the profile facing away from the mold insert.
• In the area WR there is an elongated opening SL through which a bolt protrudes as the first coupling element KEH1 in the direction of the mold insert and into a z.
• the bolt KEH1 can be displaced horizontally in the direction of the arrow from the engagement position shown in FIGS. 31 and 32 to produce and release the coupling engagement, which can be done manually or via an additional drive element.
• control of the drive devices or of the control elements assigned to them can take place via a preferably electronically programmable control device, wherein a programmable control device which is already present for the sequence control of the molding machine is preferably used.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
• Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
• Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
• Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-12-07 DE DE102005058404A patent/DE102005058404B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-11-16 WO PCT/EP2006/010987 patent/WO2007065541A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-11-16 DE DE502006007389T patent/DE502006007389D1/de active Active
  • 2006-11-16 DK DK06818577.6T patent/DK1960170T3/da active
  • 2006-11-16 PL PL06818577T patent/PL1960170T3/pl unknown
  • 2006-11-16 AT AT06818577T patent/ATE473080T1/de active
  • 2006-11-16 EP EP06818577A patent/EP1960170B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
• 2008
  • 2008-05-29 US US12/154,992 patent/US8016584B2/en active Active

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