EP1944104B1 - Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Trägerpartikeln - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Trägerpartikeln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1944104B1
EP1944104B1 EP20080150013 EP08150013A EP1944104B1 EP 1944104 B1 EP1944104 B1 EP 1944104B1 EP 20080150013 EP20080150013 EP 20080150013 EP 08150013 A EP08150013 A EP 08150013A EP 1944104 B1 EP1944104 B1 EP 1944104B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
flask
media
particulates
mold
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EP20080150013
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1944104A1 (de
Inventor
Attila P. Farkas
Gary W. Scholl
John A. Redemske
David Bean
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Metal Casting Technology Inc
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Metal Casting Technology Inc
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Priority claimed from US11/651,935 external-priority patent/US7735543B2/en
Application filed by Metal Casting Technology Inc filed Critical Metal Casting Technology Inc
Publication of EP1944104A1 publication Critical patent/EP1944104A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1944104B1 publication Critical patent/EP1944104B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C15/00—Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
    • B22C15/10—Compacting by jarring devices only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to method and apparatus for compacting support particulates about a casting mold or fugitive pattern in a container.
  • US 3,581,805 discloses a molding machine for compacting loose molding material in the mold box, comprising a pair of spaced-apart circular discs mounted for rotation in parallel vertical planes about a common rotational axis and vibrating means.
  • EP 0 242 473 A2 discloses an apparatus for processing particulates comprising a vibratory bed including a horizontally disposed bed plate.
  • JP 07001076 discloses a vibrating molding machine, wherein the direction of the vibration by the vibrating machine is changed.
  • JP 2001170739 discloses a molding method of a mold, wherein the filling of molding sand is executed by giving a table plate an almost circular vibration along a prescribed vertical plane.
  • the table plate is inclined at a small angle to the horizontal plane.
  • JP 11179487 discloses a vibration device controlling hydraulic pressure of a piston cylinder mechanism including a vibrating plate.
  • the shell mold or foam pattern has been oriented so that those channel-shaped voids are vertical or near vertical.
  • most compaction processes deal with the problem by controlling the fill rate of the casting flask. Since only the top fraction of an inch of a free surface of support particulates readily flows, this approach calls for filling the particulates media up to the level of the difficult-to-fill horizontal channel-shaped void and pausing the filling process until the fluidized particulates have a chance to travel to the end of the channel-shaped void. Filling of the casting flask is then resumed until the next hard-to-fill void is reached. Relying on this technique calls for precise vibration and particulates addition, recipes, and accurate fill level control.
  • the present invention provides method and apparatus for compacting support particulates media about a casting mold or fugitive pattern in a container wherein a combination of systematic steps of container vibrating, container rotating, and container tilting relative to the gravity vector are used to vary mold or pattern orientation in a manner that the support particulates media are induced to fill simple and complex voids at a mold or pattern wall. Support particulates media are induced to flow into the voids where the particulates are trapped and consolidated by gravity and vibration vectors variable relative to the mold or pattern during the method.
  • One embodiment of the invention involves continuously vibrating, continuously rotating, and continuously tilting the container to vary mold or pattern orientation relative to the gravity vector. Another embodiment of the invention involves tilting the container in angular increments of inclination during compaction of the particulates media thereabout.
  • the container can be subjected to rotation and vibration continuously, or intermittently at each of the angular increments of inclination.
  • Still another embodiment of the invention involves subjecting the container to rotation and vibration while the container is tilted at a fixed angle of inclination relative to the gravity vector.
  • the present invention can be practiced to compact support particulates media about a gravity casting mold or pattern as well as a counter gravity casting mold or pattern.
  • the mold or fugitive pattern is placed in a flask, and the flask is filled with support particulates media.
  • the flask is set to continuously vibrating and rotating about a first axis while the container is continuously or fixedly tilted about a second axis relative to the gravity vector.
  • the combination of container vibration, rotation, and tilting relative to the gravity vector causes channels, chambers, crevices, and other voids formed by the particular configuration of the mold or pattern wall to be repeatedly and methodically reoriented so that the free surface of the support particulates media in the voids is moved past its dynamic angle of repose and is caused to flow into those voids by the combined action of the vibration and the continuously changing orientation of the voids.
  • Systematic repetition of such flask actions will eventually fill the voids formed by the mold or pattern wall with compacted support particulates media.
  • a lid optionally can be placed on the upwardly facing surface of the particulates media in the container to increase the angle to which the container can be tilted during practice of the compaction method.
  • the container is disposed on a rotatable fixture and a first motor is provided for rotating the fixture to impart rotation to the container about a first axis thereof.
  • the fixture in turn, is disposed on a tiltable frame and a second motor is providing for tilting the frame to tilt the container about a second axis relative to the gravity vector.
  • One or more vibrators are disposed on a table supporting the frame, on the frame itself, on the fixture itself, and/or on the container itself.
  • a source of support particulates is provided to fill the container with the particulates after the mold or pattern is received in the container.
  • the compaction method and apparatus of the invention are advantageous in that they are minimally part-specific and need no complex particulates feeding recipe. Moreover, the compaction method and apparatus of the invention can be practiced to compact support particulates media about gravity casting molds or fugitive patterns as well as about countergravity casting molds or fugitive patterns.
  • the present invention provides method and apparatus for compacting support particulates about a casting mold, such as a ceramic shell mold, or a fugitive pattern, such as a plastic pattern, in a container using a combination of container vibration, container rotation, and container tilting relative to the gravity vector to vary mold or pattern orientation in a manner that the support particulates are induced to fill simple and complex voids at a mold or pattern wall.
  • the present invention can be practiced to compact support particulates in voids about any type of mold or fugitive pattern used in the casting of metals or alloys where support of the mold or pattern is desireable.
  • a thin wall ceramic shell mold 10 having a central riser passage 10a and a plurality of mold cavities 10b that communicate via respective gate passages 10g with the riser passage to receive molten metal or alloy therefrom during countergravity casting as described in US Patent 5,069,271 .
  • Such a ceramic shell mold 10 is typically formed by the well known lost wax process wherein a fugitive (e.g. wax or plastic) pattern assembly (not shown) is repeatedly dipped in ceramic slurry, drained of excess ceramic slurry, stuccoed with coarse ceramic stucco particles, and dried until a desired shell mold wall thickness is built up.
  • the fugitive pattern then is selectively removed to leave a ceramic shell mold, which is fired to impart sufficient strength thereto for casting a molten metal or alloy therein.
  • the shell mold 10 is provided with a ceramic collar 12 for communication with a fill tube (not shown) as described in the above patent for countergravity casting of a molten metal or alloy upwardly through the riser passage 10a and into the mold cavities 10b and a ceramic closure member 12'.
  • the invention can be practiced with ceramic shell molds having any shell mold wall thickness where support of the shell mold wall during casting is desireable.
  • the invention is not limited to practice with ceramic shell molds of the type shown in Figure 1 for countergravity casting of a metal or alloy and can be practiced with casting molds of any type and with gravity casting of metals or alloys.
  • a ceramic shell mold supported by a support particulates media for gravity casting of a metal or alloy therein can be used in practice of the invention.
  • the invention can be practiced with a fugitive pattern such as, for purposes of illustration and not limitation, a plastic (e.g. polystyrene) foam pattern in a container wherein the pattern optionally may be coated with a thin refractory coating on the exterior surface of the pattern.
  • the ceramic shell mold 10 includes an exterior configuration that forms a plurality of elongated channel-shaped or crevice-shaped voids V about the exterior surface or wall of the mold.
  • the voids V are shown extending laterally (generally radially) relative to the riser passage 10a.
  • the voids V are formed between laterally extending mold sections 10s that define therein a respective mold cavity 10b.
  • the voids V can have any shape and/or orientation relative to the riser passage depending upon the particular exterior configuration of the mold that is employed.
  • Figure 1 is provided simply to illustrative representative voids V which can be filled with compacted support particulates pursuant to the invention.
  • Figure 1A is provided to further show a casting flask (container) 20 containing a hypothetical, cylindrical casting mold 10 residing in support particulates media 30 wherein the mold 10 includes illustrative hypothetical intricate elongated channel-shaped annular voids V which are located at the outside mold wall 10w radiating away from the riser passage 10a toward the inner wall of the flask 20.
  • the voids V are shown with varied configurations to illustrate different void shapes which can be filled with compacted support particulates (e.g. dry sand) by practice of the invention.
  • the particulates media 30 will readily flow into those voids V which have upfacing openings OP and in general slope downwardly.
  • Voids designated 1 and 4 in Figure 1A will completely fill with loose (dry) particulates media; whereas voids 2 and 3 will fill only partially before the particulates media starts spilling over the edge of the flask. Vibration will enhance the flow of the particulates media into the voids and will increase consolidation of the particulates media in those voids. However, vibration will also cause more of the media to spill from the flask 20.
  • the flask 20 can be tilted to a much steeper angle without spilling of the particulates media over the edge of the flask.
  • the force from the weight of lid 40 normal to the surface of the media is greater than the lifting force due to the wedge of particulates media 30 created by the angle of repose as illustrated in Figure 7A . Because of this, the flask 20 can be tilted to 45-50 degrees without spillage of the particulates media 30.
  • FIG 3 at tilt angles made possible by the lid 40, more voids V are filled completely with the particulates media.
  • Vibration of the flask 20 speeds the filling of the voids and compacts the particulates media once the voids are completely filled.
  • the resulting rarified media "bubbles" work their way to the upper surface of the particulates media under the lid 40 and escape along the rim of the lid.
  • the upper surface of the particulates media 30 drops as a result, and the lid 40 settles deeper into the flask 20.
  • the rarified media "bubble” rises straight up along the gravity vector, its path through the media is distorted by rotation, tracing a spiral toward the flask inner wall. If the "bubble” encounters any obstruction impermeable to the media, it will accumulate under such obstruction. If the obstruction is a mold surface, it will face up during part of the flask rotation cycle, releasing the "bubble". Eventually the rarified media "bubble” will encounter the flask inner wall and due to the inclined flask rotation, will spiral upward along the flask inner wall until it escapes through the exposed upper surface of the particulates media as discussed above.
  • This particulate media and rarified media "bubble" movement process will completely fill any void V, regardless of its complexity, as long as all segments of the void slope downward during at least a portion of the rotation cycle of the flask 20.
  • the slope must be greater than the angle of repose of the particulates media for a given vibration imparted to the flask 20. This angle hereafter is referred to as the dynamic angle of repose of the particulates media and is much less than the static angle of repose.
  • voids 6, 7 and 8 cannot be completely filled under the flask vibration, rotation and tilt conditions discussed so far. This is so because the end of void 6 slopes up during the entire rotation cycle of the flask and the last two segments of voids 7 and 8 are blocked by the always upward sloping fourth segment. These voids 6, 7, and 8 can be filled by another embodiment of the invention discussed below.
  • the voids V in Figures 1 through 5 are shown residing in a plane containing the flask longitudinal (rotational) axis L, the voids can be oriented in any direction and filled with particulates media 30 so long as the voids slope downwardly during a portion of the rotation cycle of the flask 20. Further, if voids 6 through 8 in Figures 1 through 5 were oriented in a "plane perpendicular to the flask longitudinal (rotational) axis", (a plane parallel to the container bottom), they could be readily filled with compacted particulates media by vibration and rotation of the tilted container as described above.
  • Figure 9 is an elevational view of a compaction test cell (simulating a section of a mold or pattern P) with an intricate channel-shaped void V, similar to void 5 in Figures 1 through 5 , that was completely filled with compacted sand by practice of the invention.
  • the compaction test cell was constructed of polystyrene bars sandwiched between vertical, transparent acrylic plates AP.
  • the compaction test cell formed a channel-shaped void having dimensions of 1 1 ⁇ 2 inches by 1 1 ⁇ 2 inches by 36 inches long, similar in shape to void 5 in Figures 1 through 5 .
  • the compaction test cell was placed on the bottom of a 30-inch deep cylindrical flask, and the flask was filled with dry Calimo 22 support media in 32 seconds. The flask was not vibrated during the filling sequence. Next, the flask was tilted to a fixed angle of inclination of 30° relative to the gravity vector (vertical), vibrated with less than 1 G and rotated at 6 rpm for two minutes on a centrifugal casting machine having capability to tilt, rotate, and weakly vibrate for initial testing purposes.
  • Figures 10A through 10L illustrate a filling sequence that occurs to fill and compact the foundry sand in the tortuous channel-shaped void V, Figure 9 , of the test cell.
  • This sequence is offered merely for purposes of illustration and not limitation of the invention.
  • the test cell is initially positioned on its side in the vertically oriented flask (not shown) with open end E of the test cell facing to the left in Figure 10A .
  • the flask is oriented vertically with its open end facing upwardly (e.g. see Fig. 1A ).
  • Foundry sand 30 is then introduced into the flask until it is filled so as to dispose the test cell in the foundry sand, where only a portion of the foundry sand around the test cell in the flask is shown in Figure 10A for convenience.
  • Figures 10B-10L the foundry sand 30 around the test cell is omitted for convenience.
  • Figure 10A shows sand penetration only to the static angle of repose after filling of the vertical flask.
  • Figure 10B shows the extent of particulates media (sand) penetration into the voids after the filled flask is tilted to the 30° angle of inclination and the systematic rotation has brought the open end E of the test cell to a partially upward facing position, wherein initial orientation of the test cell about the axis of rotation is not important.
  • Figure 10C the tilted flask is rotated 180 degrees further about its longitudinal axis at 6 rpm while being vibrated at less 1G with the slug of particulates media being shown to have flowed deeper into the channel.
  • the invention can be practiced to compact support particulates media about a casting mold or fugitive pattern for use in gravity or countergravity casting processes.
  • Figures 7A, 7B illustrate a flask 20' for use with a gravity casting lost foam pattern 10' disposed in the flask with the flask filled with the support particulates media 30'.
  • the flask or container 20' can be made of steel or any other appropriate material and can have any shape such as, for example, a cylindrical flask or a flask with a square or other polygonal cross-section.
  • the fugitive pattern 10' comprises a pour cup 10a', a riser 10s', and a pair of engine cylinder head patterns 10p' connected to the riser 10s' by gating 10g'.
  • the pattern 10' can be made of polystyrene that is coated with a thin layer (e.g. 1 ⁇ 2 mm) of refractory, usually, but not limited to, a mica or silica base material.
  • the flask 20' includes circular flanges 20a' and circular intermediate reinforcing rib 20b' for for ease of rolling in the compaction apparatus of Figures 8A, 8B .
  • Figure 8A, 8B illustrate apparatus for compacting the particulates media 30' about lost foam engine block pattern 10" shown in more detail in Figure 6 disposed in the particulates media 30' in the flask 20'.
  • the support particulates media 30' can comprise dry foundry sand or any free-flowing refractory particulates, which typically are unbounded particulates devoid of resin or other binder as described in US Patent 5,069, 271 .
  • the support particulates optionally may be bonded to a limited extent that does not adversely affect the capability of the support particulates to be fluidized and compacted about the mold or pattern in the flask 20' pursuant to the invention.
  • the apparatus includes a conventional vibrating compaction table (base) T' (shown schematically). Alternately or in addition separate vibrators can be employed in a manner shown in Figures 11A ; 12A , 12B ; 14 , 16 and 18 . Tilting of the flask 20' to a selected angle of inclination relative to the gravity vector is achieved by any of the trunnion (tilting) mechanisms shown in Figures 11A, 11B , 11C ; 12A, 12B ; 13 ; 14 ; 16 ; and 18 disposed on the vibrating table T' and described herebelow. For purposes of illustration and not limitation, trunnion support stanchions 17' are provided on the table T' to support a tiltable frame 13' on which a rotatable nest (fixture) 50' is disposed for receiving the flask 20'.
  • the flask 20' is placed into the nest 50' prior to tilting of the nest 50' on frame 13'.
  • the nest 50' comprises a base plate 50a' on which the flask 20' is disposed.
  • the nest base plate 50a' includes a cylindrical recess to receive the bottom of the flask 20'.
  • Nest base plate 50a' rests on three crowned roller bearings B1' spaced 120 degrees apart on support posts 13b' on the frame 13' and is centered by four more roller bearings B2' on support flanges 13f' engaging about the circular base plate 50a' of the flask.
  • a gear motor 60' rotates the nest 50' by means of a drive belt 62' engaging belt-receiving groove 50g' on the base plate 50a'.
  • the pattern 10" is placed into the flask, and the flask is filled with support particulates media 30', such as dry foundry sand, from any suitable particulates source, such as an overhead hopper (not shown).
  • support particulates media 30' such as dry foundry sand
  • any suitable particulates source such as an overhead hopper (not shown).
  • a square-shaped, loosely-fitting, free-floating lid 40' with an opening for the pour cup 10a" is shown placed on the upper surface of the particulates media to prevent it from spilling when the tilt angle exceeds the angle of repose of the particulates media.
  • the pour cup 10a" extends through the lid opening so to be exposed to receive molten metal or alloy to be cast, Figure 8B , in gravity manner from a crucible or other melt-holding vessel (not shown).
  • the force vector, along the axis of the flask from the weight of the lid 40' is shown in Figure 8A being larger than opposing vector from the wedge of particulates media 30' above its static angle of repose. This keeps the top surface of the particulates media square with the sides of the flask when the flask is tilted up to 50 degrees. As the media is consolidated, the lid settles deeper into the flask. When the flask is returned to an upright position, the top surface of the media is horizontal.
  • Vibration of the table T' and rotation of the flask 20' can be started while the flask 20' is still vertically oriented in the nest 50', although the invention is not limited to this sequence.
  • the nest 50' then is tilted to a fixed angle of inclination relative to the gravity vector as shown in Figure 8A on the trunion support stanchions 17' (only one shown).
  • the tilted flask 20' is rotatably supported in the inclined position by two more roller bearings B3' disposed on upstanding side plates 13s' of frame 13' in a manner to engage the circular intermediate rib 20b' of the flask as shown in Figure 8B .
  • Vibration and rotation of the flask while it is tilted are continued until the voids on the pattern 10", especially on an engine block pattern, are filled with compacted foundry sand.
  • Figure 6 shows lost foam engine block pattern 10" that includes internal oil passages 10p''.
  • a flask having the engine block pattern is subjected to vibration parallel to gravity as shown, although vibration in any direction can be used in practice of the invention, and rotation while the flask is tilted as shown.
  • Oil channels 10pp" perpendicular to the longest oil passages vary between -45° and +45° inclination in a sinusoidal manner due to the rotation.
  • Other short oil channels 10sp" extend in and out of the plane of the drawing shown. These oil channels or passageways 10sp" are also varied between -45° and +45° inclination by the rotation.
  • the engine block pattern 10" actually was orbited offset several inches from the axis of rotation (longitudinal axis) L of the flask. Since one complete rotation occurs during each orbit of the pattern, the effect on filling and compaction of foundry sand in the oil channels of the pattern 10" is the same.
  • Casting flask 20' is secured to variable-tilt, rotatable nest or fixture 50' on top of a conventional compaction table T'.
  • a mold or pattern 10' is loaded into the flask by hand typically without vibration of the flask. For example, a small amount of foundry sand is placed in the flask and the pattern is gently pressed into the foundry sand. In production, the pattern would be supported in the flask by a fixture (not shown) at the beginning of the flask fill cycle, which fixture would release the pattern at a later time.
  • the vertical flask is filled with support particulates media, such as foundry sand, by any conventional means.
  • the flask 20' may be vibrated during the filling operation, but it is not necessary to do so at this time. (If vibration is not induced during the filling process, vibration isolators are not needed on the mold-loading fixture.) When sufficient particulates media has been introduced to maintain mold or pattern orientation, the mold or pattern is released and the remainder of the flask is filled.
  • cover 40' is placed on the upper surface of the particulates media 30' at this time.
  • the cover has an opening for the pour cup 10a' of the pattern.
  • Vibration of compaction table T' is started simultaneously with rotation of the flask about its vertical longitudinal axis L, and the flask 20' is tilted to the compaction angle of inclination with respect to the gravity vector.
  • a 30-35° tilt angle is sufficient and lid 40' is not needed.
  • the flask 20' can be tilted to a fixed angle of inclination "A" where the flask is vibrated and rotated either continuously or intermittently.
  • the flask 20' can be tilted continuously from the vertical position to the 30-35° angle of inclination "A" and then back to the vertical position, if desired, in back and forth manner, while the flask is vibrated and rotated either continuously or intermittently.
  • the flask 20' can be tilted in increments between the vertical position and the 30-35° angle of inclination "A", such as for purposes of illustration and not limitation, from vertical orientation to a 10° angle for a period of time, to a 20° angle for a period of time, and then to a 30° angle for a period of time while the container is vibrated and rotated, which can occur continuously or intermittently during the time the container resides at each of the angular positions (e.g. 10°, 20°, etc.) .
  • the angular positions e.g. 10°, 20°, etc.
  • the sequence then can be reversed from the 30° angle for a period of time to the 20° angle for a period of time, and then to the 10° angle for a period of time with container vibration and container rotation occurring continuously or intermittently during the time the container resides at each of the angular positions (e.g. 10°, 20°, etc.).
  • the rotational cycle frequency of the flask be an even multiple of the tilting cycle frequency of the flask.
  • the flask is rotated at a steady 2 rpm, then the flask is smoothly and continuously cycled through a tilt angle from 0° (vertical) to the angle of inclination and then back to 0° position in one minute. This cycle is repeated until full compaction is achieved.
  • Such parameters will result in equal opportunity for all voids at the mold or pattern, symmetrically oriented about the rotational axis, to be filled regardless of orientation.
  • a tilt angle can be found where the downward flow of the particulates media 30' at the upper surface thereof is exactly matched by the rate of rotation of the upper surface of the particulates media. As long as this tilt angle is not exceeded, the upper surface of the particulates media 30' stays parallel to the rim of the flask 20' and will be level when the flask 20' is returned to vertical. For lost foam patterns with long, intricate internal passages, such as oil channels in engine blocks, a 45° tilt angle is the best, see Figures 6 - 8 .
  • a floating lid 40' may be required to prevent the sand from spilling.
  • Flask rotational speed of between 1/2 to 2 rpm is preferred for most molds or patterns. Slow rotational speeds orient horizontal and near horizontal voids V so they are inclined past the dynamic angle of repose of the particulates media for several seconds during each rotation. This allows ample time for the voids to fill. Very slow rotational speed will mandate longer compaction cycles for intricate zigzagging voids such as void 5 in Figures 1 - 5 because several rotations are needed to fill such voids.
  • High rotational speed changes void orientation before media flow to the void is established.
  • centrifugal effects come into play, causing rotation to become detrimental.
  • the flask is rotated at 60 rpm, a void V inclined at 30° relative to container axis L with an opening 5 inches or more from the axis of rotation of the flask, the component of the gravity vector acting along the void will be neutralized by the centrifugal acceleration, and particulates media flow into the void will be blocked.
  • mold or pattern distortion is minimized.
  • Deep or contorted voids or large-volume voids with small openings OP may not completely fill during one rotation cycle. This, however, is not a problem. As the free surface in such void rotates past the dynamic angle of repose, particulates media flow is reestablished. Compacted media that has now rotated above the void, thus left, will fluidize and flow down into the void again. (see Figure 10 .) Conventional particulates compaction techniques will not do this.
  • Bridging of the particulates media granules or particles will randomly occur. If bridging occurs near the opening (e.g. opening OP- Fig. 1A ) of a narrow internal void, or in the void, particulates media flow to the void may be temporarily blocked by a dome-like secondary void formed in-situ at the opening or in the void. However, flask rotation will turn such a secondary dome-like void on its side, causing the dome-like void to collapse; reestablishing media flow to the void. Once a void is completely filled, gravity and vibration will consolidate the particulates media in the void while the void is sloped past the dynamic angle of repose of the particulate media. Once there are no free surfaces left in voids, no more particulates media fluidization will occur, except on the top, free surface.
  • the compaction cycle is completed by returning the flask to the vertical orientation and stopping the rotation and the vibration.
  • Figure 13 illustrates another apparatus embodiment of the invention for gravity or countergravity casting a mold or pattern.
  • Figure 13 shows a hydraulically operated compaction apparatus that is attached to the support deck 100 of a conventional compaction table (base) T.
  • a flask 120 is supported in a rotatable nest (fixture) 150, which in turn is disposed on a tiltable nest support frame 113.
  • the nest support frame 113 is tiltably (pivotally) supported on fixed trunnion posts or stanchions 117 by pivot pins 135 (one shown).
  • the trunnion support stanchions 117 reside on a base pad 141 that is fixedly mounted on deck 100.
  • the nest support frame 113 includes arcuate runners 132 that slide on arcuate rails 133a of a cradle 133 formed as part of or fixedly attached to the base pad 141. Vibration is transmitted from the table (base) T to the flask 120 through base pad 141 to rails 133a of a cradle 133 and then to the runners 132 of the nest support frame 113 on which the flask 120 is carried.
  • the cradle and runner arrangement also serves as a centering device about coaxial trunnion pivot pins 135 (one shown).
  • the flask 120 is tilted in the manner described above about the pivot pins 135 by the action of hydraulic cylinders 136 connected at one end to the cradle 133 and at the other end to the outer side of the flask 120.
  • the upper half of the flask rides on a pair of roller bearings B3 while the flask is rotated.
  • the lower end of the flask 120 sits in the cylindrical rotatable nest 150 disposed on the nest support frame 113.
  • the nest 150 is free to rotate on a combination radial/thrust bearing (hidden in this view).
  • the nest 150 is rotated by a hydraulic motor through a friction drive by a pneumatic tire (also hidden in this view).
  • the flask 120 receives a mold or pattern (not shown) of the type discussed above and particulates media (not shown) of the type discussed above for compaction about the mold or pattern.
  • inventions 11A-11E can be used with any mold or pattern that needs compacted particulates media support during countergravity casting.
  • Figures 11A-11E illustrate a self-contained apparatus for compacting support particulates media 230 around a counter-gravity casting ceramic shell mold 210 in flask 220.
  • This apparatus also can be used as well for compacting support particulates media about any kind of a gravity-poured mold or about any kind of lost foam pattern. Only the bottom of the flask 210 and the mold clamping arrangement would need to be different.
  • a ceramic fill tube 211 is shown fastened to the shell mold 210, which is of the type described in US Patent 5,069,271 and illustrated as ceramic shell mold 10 in Figure 1 .
  • the mold 210 is placed into the casting flask 220 so that tube 211 protrudes from the bottom of the flask 210.
  • the flask 210 is filled with support particulates media 230 and is covered with a lid 240 if the flask is to be tilted to the point where the particulates media 230 would spill from the flask.
  • Flask 210 rests in a cylindrical nest (fixture) 250 comprising base plate 250a which is supported by three crowned roller bearings B1 supported on the bottom of tiltable frame 213.
  • Nest support frame 213 is supported by trunnions 235 resting in stanchions 217 of the main frame (base) 218.
  • Each stanchion includes a plate 217a attached thereto for mounting electric vibrators 222 in a combination of orientations.
  • the vibrators can be mounted with their axes vertical, for sideward vibration, or horizontal for up and down vibration. They can be mounted counter rotating for essentially linear vibration, or rotating in the same direction for a circular vibration pattern. Frequency and amplitude of vibration also can be adjusted.
  • the compaction apparatus is supported on four pneumatic vibration isolators 221. In this arrangement the entire apparatus vibrates.
  • Rotation of the flask 220 is achieved by means of a gear motor 260 turning flask nest 250 by means of drive belt 262. Tilting of frame 213 is by means of another gear motor 265, drive belt 267, turning an acme screw 269, which in turn drives an acme nut attached to bar 270, which tilts the frame by acting on lever 271. Large amplitude vibration, greater than 1 G, causes unacceptable wear in the brass acme nut.
  • the tilted flask 220 is supported in rotation by two more roller bearings B3 that are disposed on the titlable frame 213 and support the side of the flask.
  • the ceramic shell mold 210 is permanently assembled to the ceramic tube 211 through which the melt will be drawn into the mold.
  • the countergravity casting embodiment involves the following steps.
  • the vertical flask 220 is filled with support particulates media 230, such as foundry sand, by any conventional means.
  • the flask 220 may be vibrated during the filling operation, but it is not necessary to do so at this time. (If vibration is not induced during the filling process, vibration isolators are not needed on the mold-loading fixture.)
  • a floating cover 240 is placed on the exposed surface to contain the media 230.
  • Vibration of the main frame 218 by vibrators 222 is started simultaneously with rotation of the flask about its vertical axis L and the flask is tilted continuously, incrementally, or at a fixed angle of inclination in the manner described above with respect to the gravity vector. For most molds or patterns having a multitude of cavities, a 30-35° maximum tilt angle is sufficient and a lid is not needed.
  • a tilt angle can be found where the downward flow of the particulates media on the upper surface is exactly matched by the rate of rotation of the upper surface. As long as this tilt angle is not exceeded, the particulates media upper surface stays parallel to the rim of the flask and will be level when the flask is returned to vertical.
  • Flask rotational speed of between 1/2 to 2 rpm works best for most molds or patterns. Because of the tilt angle (angle of inclination) of the flask, horizontal voids that rotate to partially face upwardly readily fill under the combined influence of gravity and vibration. As the flask rotates, filled voids partially face downwardly during half of the cycle. However, they will not empty because their openings (e.g. OP) are now blocked by compacted particulates media.
  • OP openings
  • the compacted particulates media around the mold or pattern prevents the mold or pattern from shifting in the flask; therefore the mold or pattern need not be supported during the compaction cycle.
  • mold or pattern distortion is minimized. Deep or contorted voids or large-volume voids with small openings may not completely fill during one rotation cycle. This, however, is not a problem. As the free surface in such void rotates past the dynamic angle of repose, particulates media flow is reestablished. Compacted media that has now rotated above the void, thus left, will fluidize and flow down into the void again. (see Figure 10 .) Conventional particulates compaction techniques will not do this.
  • Bridging of the particulates media granules or particles will randomly occur. If bridging occurs near the opening of a narrow internal void, or in the void, particulates media flow to the void may be temporarily blocked by dome-like secondary void formed in-situ at the opening or in the void. However, flask rotation will turn such a secondary dome-like void on its side, causing the dome-like void to collapse; reestablishing flow to the void.
  • the compaction cycle is completed by returning the flask to the vertical orientation, Figure 11A , and stopping the rotation and the vibration.
  • Figures 12A, 12B depict a similar apparatus as that shown in Figures 11A, 11B and differing only in having a flask tilting mechanism that comprises a harness 280 pulled by a hand winch 282.
  • An electric winch could be used just as well to pull the harness 280.
  • This tilting arrangement is advantageous in that it is unaffected by vibration greater than 1 G.
  • like reference numerals are used in connection with like features of Figures 11A, 11B .
  • vibration amplitude need not be as great as needed for conventional compaction techniques. For many compaction applications, vibration acceleration less than 1 G is sufficient. At amplitudes less than 1 G, the flask maintains contact with the support bearings, compaction noise is low and equipment wear is acceptable. The apparatus of Figures 11 through 13 will work well at these lower amplitudes.
  • the flask needs to rotate less than a dozen times. Alternately, the flask can be rotated as little as 360°, and then rotated in the reverse direction for 360°. This rotational oscillation can be repeated as many times as needed. Each 360° rotational oscillation will have the same effect as two continuous revolutions in the same direction. Usually, 2 to 6 oscillations will achieve complete compaction.
  • This technique make it easy to supply power to vibrators mounted directly on the flask as shown in Figure 18 where vibrators 322 are shown disposed directly on the flask 320. The advantage of this embodiment is that more vibration energy is transmitted to the particulate media (not shown) in the flask 320.
  • the flange 320f of the casting flask 320 is bolted, clamped or otherwise supported on a hub or nest (fixture) 350, which is retained on tiltable platform frame 352 with impact resistant synthetic plates being used as bearing surfaces between the flange, the hub or nest 350 and the platform frame 352 as described below in connection with Figures 14-15 .
  • the hub or nest 350 is rotated by drive belt 362, driven by hydraulic motor 360. Tilting of the platform frame 352 up to 180° is accomplished via hydraulic actuator 355 disposed on stanchions 317, which are mounted on a table T.
  • the table is mounted on four pneumatic vibration isolators 321.
  • the flask can be sealed by a lid (not shown but described in connection with Figures 14-15 ).
  • the spread of the stanchions 317 is widened to accommodate the vibrators rotating with the flask. The advantage of this variation is that more vibration energy is transmitted to the media in the flask.
  • FIG. 14 through 18 Such an embodiment is depicted in Figures 14 through 18 where the flange 320f of casting flask 320 is bolted or clamped to a hub or nest 350, which is retained between flange 351 and platform frame 352.
  • the hub or nest 350 rotates on synthetic bearing surfaces 349, Figure 15 .
  • This assembly is captured between retaining flange 351 and platform 352.
  • the hub 350 is rotated through drive belt 362 driven by hydraulic motor 360. Tilting of the platform 352 up to 180° is accomplished via hydraulic actuator 355 disposed on stanchions 317, which are mounted on a table T.
  • the table is mounted on four pneumatic vibration isolators 321.
  • the flask 320 is sealed by a lid 340 that rests on top of the support media 330.
  • the lid includes an inflatable rim seal tube 340t and a rotary union 361 connected to a vacuum source, such as vacuum pump (not shown).
  • the inflatable rim seal tube 340t provides an airtight seal against the wall of flask 320.
  • the lid 340 includes a screen 359 through which air can pass but not the particulates media 330, thereby allowing for the partial evacuation of the flask through plenum 372 disposed on the lid 340.
  • the plenum 372 communicates via a fitting F1 of rotary union 361 to a vacuum pump and via fitting F2 to an air pump to inflate seal 340t, Figure 17 , which can be a commercially available rotary union.
  • the plenum 372 includes radial fins 372a to provide reinforcement for screen 359. Atmospheric air pressure causes elastic membrane 363 of the lid 340 to bulge and to conform to top of the particulates media in the flask.
  • the flask can be evacuated to partial vacuum (e.g. 3-4 psi vacuum) through rotary union 361 and plenum 372.
  • the pressure differential thus established across the lid 340 is used to retain the mold or pattern and the particulates media in the flask when the flask is upended or inverted past horizontal as shown in Figure 16 .
  • the lid 340 with inflatable rim seal tube 340t is retained by atmospheric pressure acting against the partially evacuated flask 320.
  • Vibration of the flask 320 during compaction is provided by two electric vibrators 322' and/or vibrators 322 of the type shown in Figures 14 and 16 , mounted on the stanchions, or in Figure 18 mounted directly on the flask 320.
  • the apparatus is mounted on four pneumatic vibration isolators 321, which support the table T.
  • the upper surface of the particulates media 330 drops as the particulates media is compacted into the voids V at the mold 310 (or pattern) in the flask.
  • the lid 340 continues to engage the upper surface of the particulates media as it receeds into the flask, regardless of flask orientation, by virtue of the pressure differential between the outside ambient air pressure and the partial vacuum in the flask 320. Air tight, moveable sealing between the lid 340 and adjacent wall of the flask 320 is maintained by inflatable rim seal tube 340t.
  • the casting flask 320 is bolted, clamped or otherwise fastened to the rotating hub or nest 350 that is sandwiched between components of a tilting platform. Because the rotating hub or nest 350, along with the flask 320 secured to it, are confined to the extent that they can only rotate and tilt, the vibration transmitted to the flask preserves its directional nature to a greater extent and secondary vibration out of the plane of the vibration vector is diminished. This has the desirable effect of simultaneously changing both the gravity and the vibration vectors relative to the mold or pattern in the flask in a smooth, continuous, methodic manner.
  • a hydraulic motor provides rotation to the nest 350, while a hydraulic actuator tilts the platform 352 up to 180 degrees continuously, incrementally or to a fixed angle of inclination.
  • the flask contains ceramic shell mold 310 having fill tube 311.
  • the flask includes a lid 340 that has inflatable tube seal 340t along its periphery and that has a rotary union 361 for seal inflation and for the partial evacuation of the flask.
  • an inner tube-type check valve (not shown) can be used on the inflatable tube seal 340t such that the air passage in the rotary union for the seal 340t can be eliminated.
  • the lid has a flexible membrane exposed to ambient air on one side and to the flask interior on the other side.
  • Atmospheric pressure will support the lid 340, and the contents of the flask regardless of its orientation.
  • the particulates media flows into voids at the mold or pattern and is compacted.
  • a "bubble” comprising rarified media will develop and travel toward the high point of the flask 320. If the flask is tilted past horizontal the high point will be at the bottom corner of the flask. As it floats up, the "bubble” will spread at the angle of repose and accumulate under any impermeable obstruction encountered during the upward passage. With an upended flask an air gap will form at the bottom of the flask.
  • the air gap will spiral along the flask wall to the top of the flask where it is accommodated by the lid 340 settling into the flask to take up some of this space and the rest of the space being filled by the flexible membrane 363 as it is bulged into the flask by atmospheric pressure.
  • the displaced air in the flask exits through the screen 359 on the bottom center of the lid 340.
  • Pressure from the lid 340 and the flexible membrane 363 further compacts the top layer of the media.
  • the pressure maintains compaction.
  • the rotational cycle frequency be an even multiple of the tilting cycle frequency. For example, if the flask is rotated at a steady 2 rpm, then the flask is smoothly and continuously cycled through a tilt angle from 0 to 180° and then back to 0° in one minute. This cycle is repeated until full compaction is achieved. Such parameters will result in equal opportunity for all voids at the mold or pattern to be filled regardless of orientation. The apparatus described in Figures 14 through 18 will completely fill all voids shown in Figures 1 through 5 with compacted particulates media.
  • a lid can be fabricated with a seal and flexible membrane as described previously above.
  • the pour cup on the casting mold is temporarily sealed and the entire casting mold, including the pour cup is covered in support media.
  • the lid is fitted to the chamber, the lid seal is inflated and the flask is evacuated to 3-4 psi below ambient pressure.
  • the flask can now be completely upended during the compaction process.
  • the low pressure differential across the lid is sufficient to retain the contents of the flask.
  • the flask is returned to vertical, the lid is removed, and sufficient media is removed to expose the pour cup for casting.
  • the feeding rate of the particulates media to the flask does not have to be varied as in existing lost foam compaction systems.
  • the flask can be quickly filled and compacted afterward.
  • the vibration vector of the compaction table does not have to be varied. Instead the mold or pattern orientation is methodically varied relative to the vibration and gravity vectors.
  • the compaction method is part independent, and no special compaction recipes are required for different molds or patterns.

Claims (41)

  1. Verfahren zum Kompaktieren eines partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') um eine Form (10) oder ein Modell (10') herum, umfassend: Anordnen einer Form (10) oder eines Modells (10') in einem partikelförmigen Medium (30, 30') in einem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) und Unterwerfen des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) einer Kombination von Vibrieren, Rotieren und Kippen relativ zum Schwerkraftvektor, derart, dass das partikelförmige Medium (30, 30') veranlasst wird, Hohlräume (V) an einer Form (10)- oder Modellwand zu füllen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, umfassend: Rotieren des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) um eine erste Achse und Kippen des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) um eine zweite Achse.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) um seine Längsachse rotiert wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei die zweite Achse senkrecht zu der ersten Achse ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, umfassend: kontinuierliches Vibrieren, kontinuierliches Rotieren und kontinuierliches Kippen des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320), um eine Orientierung der Form (10) oder des Modells (10') relativ zu einem Schwerkraftvektor zu variieren.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Rotation umfasst: ein- oder mehrmaliges Oszillieren zwischen einer Umdrehung in einer ersten Richtung, gefolgt von Rotation in der entgegengesetzten Rückwärtsrichtung.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, umfassend: Kippen des Behälters in Neigungswinkelinkrementen während des Kompaktierens des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30').
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) bei jedem der Neigungswinkelinkremente einer Rotation und Vibration unterworfen wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, umfassend: Unterwerfen des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) einer Rotation und Vibration, während der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) in einem festen Neigungswinkel gekippt ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei über die Kombination von Rotation und Kippen durch eine Außenwand der Form (10) oder des Modells (10') gebildete Hohlräume (V) kontinuierlich und wiederholt umorientiert werden, so dass eine freie Oberfläche des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') in den Hohlräumen (V) über ihren dynamischen Ruhewinkel hinaus bewegt wird, wodurch das partikelförmige Medium (30, 30') dazu veranlasst wird, in diese Hohlräume (V) zu fließen durch die kombinierten Wirkung der Vibration und der sich konstant ändernden Orientierung der Hohlräume (V) relativ zum Schwerkraftvektor.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Kombination von Rotation und Kippen Öffnungen zu den Hohlräumen (V) nach unten gerichtet positioniert.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei konsolidiertes partikelförmiges Medium (30, 30') in dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) die nach unten gewandten Öffnungen blockiert, um zu verhindern, dass partikelförmiges Medium in den Hohlräumen (V) aus denselben austritt.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Kombination von Rotation und Kippen Öffnungen zu den Hohlräumen (V) neu, wieder nach oben gerichtet positioniert, so dass das partikelförmige Medium (30, 30') wieder in diese Hohlräume (V) hineinfließt.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei nach erfolgter vollständiger Füllung der Hohlräume (V) mit partikelförmigem Medium (30, 30') eine Konsolidierung des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') durch die kombinierte Wirkung von Vibration und Schwerkraft bei nach oben gerichteten Öffnungen zu den Hohlräumen (V) und nach unten geneigten Hohlräumen (V) erzielt wird.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, umfassend einen abschließenden Schritt des Zurückbringens des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) in eine vertikale Orientierung nach Kompaktierung des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30').
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, umfassend: Nivellieren des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') nach Zurückbringen des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) in die vertikale Orientierung, durch Vibration oder manuelles Nivellieren.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, umfassend: Platzieren eines Deckels, welcher ein Material größerer Dichte als die Schüttdichte des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') umfasst, auf die freie Oberfläche des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') in dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320).
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, wobei der nicht-gehaltene Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340) ein Verschütten des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') aus dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) verhindert, wenn der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) über den Ruhewinkel des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') hinaus gekippt wird.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, umfassend: Kippen des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) bis zu 50 Grad, bezogen auf seine anfängliche vertikale Position.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, umfassend: mindestens teilweises Dichten des Deckels (40, 40', 240, 340) relativ zu dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320), so dass ein Druck unter Umgebungsdruck in dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) hergestellt werden kann.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, umfassend: Bewegen des Deckels (40, 40', 240, 340) mittels Druckdifferenz über den Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340), derart, dass er - unabhängig von der Orientierung des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) - mit einer oberen Oberfläche des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') in Eingriff bleibt, wenn er während der Kompaktierung absinkt.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 21, wobei ein Teil des Deckels (40, 40', 240, 340) oder der ganze Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340) eine flexible Membran (363) umfasst, die durch einen Differenzdruck über die Membran (363) in innigem Kontakt mit der Mediumsoberfläche gehalten wird.
  23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, wobei der Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340) durch eine Drehverbindung hindurch mit einer Vakuumquelle in Verbindung steht, so dass der Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340) mit dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) mitrotieren gelassen wird.
  24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, umfassend: Unterwerfen des Behälters (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) einer kontinuierlichen Rotation und Vibration, während er kontinuierlich bis zu 180 Grad zwischen einer vertikalen, aufrechten Orientierung und einer umgedrehten Orientierung hin- und her gekippt wird.
  25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, umfassend: temporäres Bedecken eines Eingussbechers einer Schwerkraft-Gießform in dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) mit partikelförmigem Medium (30, 30') vor dem Kompaktieren, gefolgt von Entfernen einer ausreichenden Menge an partikelförmigen Medium, um den Eingussbecher nach dem Kompaktieren aufzudecken.
  26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine umhüllte Gegenschwerkraft-Gießform mit einem vorstehenden Füllrohr (211) in dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) platziert wird, derart, dass das Füllrohr (211) aus dem Behälter herausragt.
  27. Verfahren nach Anspruch 26, umfassend: Klemmen des Füllrohrs, während der Behälter mit dem partikelförmigen Medium (30, 30') gefüllt wird, bis die Form mit dem partikelförmigen Medium (30, 30') bedeckt ist.
  28. Verfahren nach Anspruch 27, wobei nach Kompaktierung des partikelförmigen Mediums ein Gießdeckel (40, 40', 240, 340) oben auf das partikelförmigen Medium aufgesetzt und in die Oberfläche eingearbeitet wird, um mögliche Hohlräume (V) an der Oberfläche zu eliminieren.
  29. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Kompaktierung des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') um eine keramische Schalenform (210) herum erfolgt.
  30. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Kompaktierung des partikelförmigen Mediums um ein feuerfestes flüchtiges Modell herum erfolgt.
  31. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Behälter mit der Form oder dem Modell mit partikelförmigem Medium (30, 30') gefüllt wird, während der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) einer Kombination von Vibration, Kippen und Rotation unterworfen wird.
  32. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) mit der Form oder dem Modell teilweise oder ganz mit partikelförmigem Medium gefüllt wird, bevor der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) einer Kombination von Vibration, Kippen und Rotation unterworfen wird.
  33. Vorrichtung zum Kompaktieren eines partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') um eine Form (10) oder ein Modell (10') herum, umfassend einen Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) zum Aufnehmen einer Form (10) oder eines Modells (10'), eine rotierbare Fixiereinrichtung, an welcher der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) angeordnet ist, und einen ersten Motor (60', 260, 360) zum Rotieren der Befestigungseinrichtung, um den Behälter um eine erste Achse in Rotation zu versetzen, gekennzeichnet durch einen kippbaren Rahmen (13', 113, 213, 313), an dem die Befestigungseinrichtung angeordnet ist, einen zweiten Motor zum Kippen des Rahmens (13', 113, 213, 313), um den Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) um eine zweite Achse zu kippen, eine Basis (T'), an welcher der kippbare Rahmen (13', 113, 213, 313) angeordnet ist, und einen Vibrator, welcher an mindestens einer der Einrichtungen, welche sind Basis (T'), Rahmen (13', 113, 213, 313), Befestigungseinrichtung oder Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320), angeordnet ist.
  34. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 33, wobei die Fixiereinrichtung eine rotierbare Aufnahme (50', 150, 250, 350) umfasst, welche auf Rollenlagern (B1', B2') an dem kippbaren Rahmen (13', 113, 213, 313) angeordnet ist.
  35. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 33, wobei der kippbare Rahmen (13', 113, 213, 313) durch Zapfen auf Stützen (17', 117, 217, 317), die mit der Basis verbunden sind, gestützt ist.
  36. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 35, wobei die Fixiereinrichtung eine rotierbare Nabe umfasst, an welcher der Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) befestigt ist, wobei die Nabe an einer kippbaren Plattform befestigt ist.
  37. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 36, wobei die Rotation der Nabe an der kippbaren Plattform durch einen Riemenantrieb (62', 362) erfolgt.
  38. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 33, ferner umfassend einen Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340), welcher ein Material größerer Dichte als die Schüttdichte des partikelförmigen Mediums (30, 30') umfasst, wobei der Deckel in dem Behälter (20, 20', 120, 220, 320) auf einer oberen Oberfläche des partikelförmigen Mediums aufgenommen ist.
  39. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 38, wobei der Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340) eine flexible, luftdichte Membran (363) umfasst, die auf der dem partikelförmigen Medium gegenüberliegenden Seite dem Umgebungsdruck ausgesetzt ist, um eine Abdichtung gegen die obere Oberfläche zu bilden und sich an diese anzupassen, wenn die obere Oberfläche durch Kompaktierung verändert wird.
  40. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 39, wobei der Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340) eine aufblasbare Dichtung (340t) umfasst.
  41. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 39, wobei der Deckel (40, 40', 240, 340) eine Drehverbindung (361) umfasst, welche mit einer Vakuumquelle in Verbindung steht.
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DE102004027638B3 (de) 2004-06-05 2006-02-09 Albert Handtmann Metallgusswerk Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Transport und zur Verdichtung der Formstoffpartikel bei der Formherstellung mittels Vollformgießverfahrens

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CN101269403B (zh) 2011-06-08
CA2617365C (en) 2014-11-25
BRPI0800020A (pt) 2008-08-26
CN101269403A (zh) 2008-09-24
EP1944104A1 (de) 2008-07-16
CA2617365A1 (en) 2008-07-10
JP2008168350A (ja) 2008-07-24
BRPI0800020B1 (pt) 2016-05-10
MX2008000471A (es) 2009-02-23
KR101507153B1 (ko) 2015-03-30
KR20080065943A (ko) 2008-07-15

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