EP1920227A1 - Dispositif et procede de mesure interferometrique de masques de phases - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de mesure interferometrique de masques de phases

Info

Publication number
EP1920227A1
EP1920227A1 EP06777129A EP06777129A EP1920227A1 EP 1920227 A1 EP1920227 A1 EP 1920227A1 EP 06777129 A EP06777129 A EP 06777129A EP 06777129 A EP06777129 A EP 06777129A EP 1920227 A1 EP1920227 A1 EP 1920227A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
mask
imaging optics
measuring arrangement
pinhole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06777129A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Haidner
Ulrich Wegmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Zeiss SMS GmbH
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss SMS GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Zeiss SMS GmbH filed Critical Carl Zeiss SMS GmbH
Publication of EP1920227A1 publication Critical patent/EP1920227A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J9/00Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
    • G01J9/02Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B9/00Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B9/02Interferometers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J9/00Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
    • G01J9/02Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
    • G01J9/0215Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods by shearing interferometric methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/68Preparation processes not covered by groups G03F1/20 - G03F1/50
    • G03F1/82Auxiliary processes, e.g. cleaning or inspecting
    • G03F1/84Inspecting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70216Mask projection systems
    • G03F7/70283Mask effects on the imaging process
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70483Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
    • G03F7/70591Testing optical components
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/26Phase shift masks [PSM]; PSM blanks; Preparation thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a corresponding method for the interferometric measurement of phase masks, in particular from lithography.
  • phase masks are used to transfer structures that are below the Abbe's resolution limit to wafers.
  • a measurement of the phase masks is required.
  • phase masks are used in lithography for increasing the lateral resolution.
  • PSMs phase shift mask
  • phase shift mask have a phase shift of typically 180 ° between transparent areas.
  • DE 102 58 142 A1 describes a device for optical measurement of an imaging system by wavefront detection by means of shearing interferometry.
  • an overlay structure is detected with an object structure to be arranged in front of the imaging system, an image structure to be arranged on the image side after the imaging system and a downstream detector and evaluation unit and evaluated on the basis of object and image structure.
  • the image structure and / or the object structure include a periodic multi-frequency pattern that has at least two different periodicity lengths in at least one direction. and / or comprises at least one main two-dimensional pattern with periodically arranged structure fields and at least one sub-pattern formed in structure fields of the main pattern.
  • the device can be used, for example, for high-precision, spatially resolved measurement of projection objectives in microlithography systems for semiconductor component structuring.
  • DE 102 60 985 A1 is an apparatus for the interferometric wavefront measurement of an optical imaging system in which the measurement of an optical imaging system is effected by wavefront detection by means of shearing interferometry.
  • the solution provides for the use of a lighting part to be arranged on the object side before the imaging system, a diffraction grating to be arranged after the imaging system, a filter mask to be arranged in the image plane of the imaging system and a detector unit connected downstream of the imaging mask, the illumination part comprising a coherence mask with a multi-opening mask structure which is designed to suppress unwanted diffraction orders.
  • the filter mask is arranged movably in the image plane of the imaging system.
  • the device can be used, for example, for the spatially resolved measurement of high-aperture projection objects of microlithography systems with regard to possible image errors.
  • the spatially resolving detector may also include a sensor constructed in CMOS technology, which is characterized by low power consumption and allows the integration of a digital-to-analog converter at the detector.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • a sensor with CID (Charge Injection Device) technology is also possible.
  • No. 6,573,997 B1 describes a hybrid shearing and phase shift point diffraction interferometer which combines the strengths of two existing interferometry methods, increases measurement accuracy and improves the dynamics of both systems.
  • the described solution is intended for testing projection optics of photolithographic systems.
  • a single optical element can also be tested.
  • this optical element is irradiated by an electromagnetic energy source and examined in succession, by displacement of the hybrid mask in the optical beam path, interferometrically, by means of shearing and phase shift point diffraction interferometry.
  • different aberrations can be determined and characterized to prevent blurred images being projected onto the wafer from the projection optics. From the analysis of the interferogram and the resulting wavefront, it is possible to deduce the presence of deviations.
  • LSI Lateral-shearing interferometer
  • an incoherently illuminated coherence mask is imaged onto a diffraction grating via a first imaging optic, wherein a phase mask is present in or near the pupil plane of the first imaging optic, which can be exactly positioned in the xy plane, for example Phase masks can be measured with different shear distances and directions.
  • phase-shifted interferograms are generated by translational displacement of the coherence mask or the pinhole or the diffraction grating in the x-y direction and mapped onto a spatially resolving detector via a second imaging optics. From these interferograms the phase and transmission function of the phase mask is determined by the evaluation unit, whereby the image of the interferograms on the spatially resolving detector is enlarged.
  • the proposed apparatus and method are intended for interferometric measurement of photolithographic phase masks
  • the solution may, of course, be applied generally to planar phase objects, such as biological structures, thereby providing points of attachment to an interference microscope.
  • FIG. 1 a differentiated LSI measuring arrangement
  • FIG. 2 a PDI measuring arrangement
  • FIG. 3 shows a differentiated LSI measuring arrangement with two-stage first imaging optics
  • Figure 4a the structure of a phase mask with different shear directions
  • FIG. 4b shows the measured sections of the phase function for the different shearing directions.
  • a differentiated LSI measuring arrangement is understood below to mean an LSI measuring arrangement in which a coherence mask is used instead of the usual pinhole and the diffraction grating is arranged in the focus of the imaging system.
  • the coherence mask in the reticle causes only a few orders of diffraction, in particular the -1., 0. And +1. Diffraction order be brought to interfering.
  • the inventive apparatus for the interferometric measurement of phase masks consists of an interferometric measuring arrangement, with a radiation source, a diffraction grating, two imaging optics, a spatially resolving detector and an evaluation unit.
  • the radiation passing through a coherence mask or the pinhole is caused to interfere by a diffraction grating, wherein a phase mask is arranged in or near the pupil plane of the first imaging optics, which can be exactly positioned in the xy direction.
  • phase-shifted interferograms are generated by translational displacement of the coherence mask or the diffraction grating in the xy direction and imaged onto the spatially resolving detector via a second imaging optics.
  • the phase and transmission function of the phase mask are determined from the phase-shifted interferograms, whereby the image of the interferograms on the spatially resolving detector is magnified.
  • the radiation source can emit radiation of different wavelengths for which the imaging optics are corrected accordingly.
  • the incoherent radiation can emit differently polarized radiation through additional polarization filters.
  • the polarization filters are arranged in the vicinity of a plane conjugate to the pupil plane of the first imaging optics.
  • the arranged on a reticle coherence mask, and arranged as an amplitude grating on a substrate diffraction gratings are preferably designed to be movable and changeable.
  • the phase mask arranged in the pupil plane of the first imaging optics can be tilted in a defined manner with respect to the optical axis of the interferometric measuring arrangement.
  • the enlarged image of the phase-shifted interferograms is realized by the first, the second or both imaging optics, wherein preferably the second imaging optics is designed to be interchangeable to realize different magnification levels.
  • phase mask can be tilted defined with respect to the optical axis of the interferometric measuring arrangement.
  • edges of the phase stages can be imaged and measured with improved lateral resolution.
  • reflection artifacts can be avoided.
  • the measurement results are not falsified by aberrations of the interferometric measuring arrangement, it is expedient to calibrate the measuring arrangement. While the calibration of the phase function is performed by a plane plate of known thickness, which is arranged in the pupil plane of the first imaging optics, the calibration of the transmission function by a plane plate known transmission, which is also arranged in the pupil plane of the first imaging optics. This allows both the aberrations of the imaging system and the inhomogeneities of the illumination due to the illumination and the imaging system to be calibrated out.
  • the interferometric measuring arrangement can be designed as a "differentiated lateral-shearing interferometer" (LSI), in which the diffraction grating is arranged in the focal plane of the first imaging optics.
  • LSI differential lateral-shearing interferometer
  • an incoherently illuminated coherence mask 1 is imaged onto the diffraction grating 3 via a first imaging optic 2.
  • the phase mask 4 to be measured is arranged, which can be exactly positioned in the xy direction.
  • the phase mask 4 can be moved to the desired xy position in a ⁇ m-precise manner so that the desired, previously determined regions of the phase mask 4 can be examined.
  • phase-shifted interferograms of the phase mask 4 are generated and imaged on the spatially resolving detector 6 via the second imaging optics 5. From the (not shown) Evaluation unit are determined from the phase-shifted interferograms, the phase and transmission function of the phase mask 4, wherein the image of the interferograms on the spatially resolving detector 6 is thereby increased.
  • the individual elements of the LSI measuring arrangement can in this case have the already mentioned advantageous embodiments.
  • dLSI differentiated LSI measuring arrangement
  • NA of the first imaging optics 1, 2, 3: 0.9
  • the imaging optics 2 and 5 can also be embodied as immersion optics, so that numerical apertures greater than 1 are possible.
  • interferograms are generated which result from the superimposition of the -1, 0 and +1 diffraction orders, whereby two or all three may be superimposed.
  • the period of the coherence mask has the same period as the diffraction grating, taking into account the magnification.
  • the coherence function has the shear spacing 1 (distance between 0th and 1st or Oth and -1th Diffraction order of the grating) a zero and for the shear distance 2 (distance between -1-er and + 1-th diffraction order of the Lattice) has a finite value, so the interferogram is superimposed on the -1. and +1. Diffraction order has a contrast, while the superposition is suppressed with the O-th diffraction order.
  • 3-beam coherence masks unlike 2-beam coherence masks in phase masks with nontransparent regions, do not lead to regions without information about the phase and the transmission.
  • the interferometric measuring arrangement can be embodied as a "Point Diffraction Interferometer" (PDI)
  • PDI Point Diffraction Interferometer
  • a pinhole is used here instead of the coherence mask
  • the diffraction grating becomes outside and an additional pinhole in the focal plane the first imaging optics arranged.
  • the mask 1 ' which has a pinhole, is imaged onto the diaphragm structure 7 via a first imaging optic 2.
  • a coherent spherical wave is generated by the pinhole by diffraction, wherein the diameter of the pinhole is typically smaller than the wavelength.
  • the diffraction grating 3 ' is outside and an additional diaphragm structure 7 in the focal plane of the first illustration is shown.
  • Appearance optics 2 arranged.
  • the additional diaphragm structure 7 is also designed as a pinhole.
  • the phase mask 4 to be measured is arranged, which can also be exactly positioned here in the xy direction.
  • the phase mask 4 can be moved in the desired xy position with ⁇ m accuracy, so that the previously determined regions of the phase mask 4 can be examined.
  • phase-shifted interferograms of the phase mask 4 are generated and imaged on the spatially resolving detector 6 via the second imaging optics 5.
  • the phase and transmission function of the phase mask 4 are determined from the phase-shifted interferograms, wherein the image of the interferograms on the spatially resolving detector 6 is thereby increased.
  • the individual elements of the PDI measuring arrangement can in this case have the already mentioned advantageous embodiments.
  • the coherence mask, the diffraction grating and the diaphragm structure are designed to be changeable, so that the interferometric measuring arrangement can optionally be used as LSI or PDI.
  • the radiation passing through a coherence mask or the pinhole is made to interfere with a diffraction grating, wherein a phase mask is arranged in or near the pupil plane of the first imaging optic, which can be exactly positioned in the xy direction.
  • phase-shifted interferograms are generated and imaged via a second imaging optics on a spatially resolving detector. From these phase-shifted interferograms the phase and transmission function of the phase mask are determined by the evaluation unit, wherein the image of the interferograms on the spatially resolving detector is increased.
  • the radiation source can emit radiation of different wavelengths for which the imaging optics are corrected accordingly.
  • the incoherent radiation can emit differently polarized radiation through additional polarization filters.
  • the polarization filters are arranged in the vicinity of a plane conjugate to the pupil plane of the first imaging optics.
  • the arranged on a reticle pinhole, and arranged as an amplitude grating on a substrate diffraction gratings are preferably designed to be movable and interchangeable.
  • the phase mask arranged in the pupil plane of the first imaging optics can be tilted in a defined manner with respect to the optical axis of the interferometric measuring arrangement.
  • the enlarged image can be realized by the first, the second or both imaging optics, wherein preferably the second imaging optics is designed to be interchangeable for the realization of different magnification levels. If the enlarged image is taken through the first imaging optics, then this is to be executed as a two-stage imaging system, whereby the necessary enlargement must take place between the two stages.
  • the illustrated PDI measuring arrangement can be embodied as a hybrid PDI / LSI measuring arrangement.
  • FIG. 3 shows a differentiated LSI measuring arrangement with two-stage first imaging optics, in which the enlarged image is produced between the partial optics 2 and 2 '.
  • the measurement results are not falsified by aberrations of the interferometric measuring arrangement, it is expedient to calibrate the measuring arrangement. While the calibration of the phase function is performed by a plane plate of known thickness, which is arranged in the pupil plane of the first imaging optics, the calibration of the transmission function is performed by a plane plate of known transmission, which is also in the pupil plane of the first th imaging optics is arranged. This allows both the aberrations of the imaging system and the inhomogeneities of the illumination due to the illumination and the imaging system to be calibrated out.
  • the interferometric measurement can be carried out both with a differentiated "lateral shearing interferometer” (dLSI) and with a "point diffraction interferometer” (PDI). While in a dLSI measuring arrangement the diffraction grating is arranged in the focal plane of the first imaging optics, in a PDI measuring arrangement the diffraction grating is arranged outside and an additional diaphragm structure in the focal plane of the first imaging optics. While the PDI measuring arrangement uses a pinhole for illumination, the dLSI measuring arrangement has a coherence mask instead of a pinhole, in contrast to the LSI measuring arrangement.
  • dLSI lateral shearing interferometer
  • PDI point diffraction interferometer
  • the evaluation function unit determines the phase function and the transmission function of the phase mask from the phase-shifted interferograms.
  • account shall be taken of the reflected and / or absorbed radiation components attributable to the interferometer optics. The consideration must be spatially resolved, since the transmission of the system depends on the place of passage through the interferometer optics.
  • interferograms of a Ronchigitter serving as a phase mask were evaluated with a phase depth of ⁇ , whereby among other things the numerical aperture (NA) of the imaging optics and the period of the Ronchigitters were varied.
  • NA numerical aperture
  • Figure 4a shows the structures 8 of a phase mask, for the interferometric measurement different shear directions A, B and C.
  • the measured sections of the phase function for these different shear directions A, B and C. are shown in Figure 4b. It It can be seen that an increase of the resolution is possible by different shearing directions. It should be noted that by selecting a suitable shear direction A, B and C, the local resolution can be increased, which is particularly important for small structures.
  • the reliability and accuracy of the measurement accuracy can be significantly improved here as well, since a larger number of different measurement data is available for the evaluation.
  • LSI Lateral Shearing Interferometer
  • PDI Point Diffraction Interferomerter
  • the effect of the phase mask can no longer simply be achieved by a Describe the transmission function whose real part describes the transmission and whose imaginary part describes the phase delay.
  • the effect of such structure sizes is described by vectorial diffraction theories [4]. Since the determined measurement results vary depending on the used polarization direction of the illumination radiation, the use of polarization filters is recommended.
  • the determination of the phase function and / or transmission function is carried out using a measurement model, which takes into account the mentioned parameters of the interferometric measuring arrangement. With the aid of the measuring model, it is possible to calculate back to the surface profile of the phase mask from the measured phase function and the transmission function.
  • the measurement model can hereby be based on the inverse diffraction theory, which is based on a priori information about the surface profile of the phase mask and information about the measurement parameters.
  • the phase and transmission function determined by the measurement method is calculated back to the real phase mask before the imaging. Inverse recalculation is only possible for simple structures. In the real case, one will use the simpler forward calculation [4] in conjunction with iterative optimization methods [5] to obtain the phase and transmission function of the phase mask. In order to enable a faster calculation, it is resorted to "look-up tables", in which for certain surface parameters, such as height and width of the structure, the calculation was performed.
  • the measurement model takes into account the measurement conditions given above, such as transmitted NA, wavelength, polarization state, pixel size of the detector, shear distance, shear direction, etc.
  • phase mask If the structure sizes of the phase mask are in the range of the wavelength, the rigorous diffraction theory must be used for the forward calculation. This also takes into account the polarization properties of the light. The effect of the phase mask can no longer be described simply by a transmission function whose real part describes the transmission and whose imaginary part describes the phase delay through the phase mask.
  • the proposed solution is characterized in particular by working with the same incoherent laser beam sources, such as scanner / stepper systems.
  • the proposed interferometric measuring arrangements are characterized by compactness and robustness against environmental influences.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Instruments For Measurement Of Length By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé associé destinés à réaliser une mesure interférométrique de masques de phases, en particulier pour la lithographie. Dans ledit dispositif permettant la mesure de masques de phases (4), le rayon entrant à travers le masque de cohérence (1) est mis en interférence grâce à un réseau de diffraction (3), un masque de phase (4) étant situé dans ou à proximité de la zone de pupille de la première optique de représentation (2), lequel peut être positionné exactement dans le sens x-y, à partir duquel des interférogrammes à phase décalée sont produits par un mouvement de translation du masque de cohérence (1) ou du réseau de diffraction (3) dans le sens x-y, sont représentés grâce à une seconde optique de représentation (5) sur un détecteur (6) de résolution et la fonction de transmission et de phase du masque de phase peut être déterminée par une unité d'évaluation. Bien que la solution proposée soit utilisée pour une mesure interférométrique de masques de phases photolithographiques, elle peut être utilisée pour des objets de phase plats, tels que des structures biologiques, des points de rattachement étant produits pour un microscope à interférences.
EP06777129A 2005-08-31 2006-08-31 Dispositif et procede de mesure interferometrique de masques de phases Withdrawn EP1920227A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005041203A DE102005041203A1 (de) 2005-08-31 2005-08-31 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur interferometrischen Messung von Phasenmasken
PCT/EP2006/008502 WO2007025746A1 (fr) 2005-08-31 2006-08-31 Dispositif et procede de mesure interferometrique de masques de phases

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1920227A1 true EP1920227A1 (fr) 2008-05-14

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EP06777129A Withdrawn EP1920227A1 (fr) 2005-08-31 2006-08-31 Dispositif et procede de mesure interferometrique de masques de phases

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7911624B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1920227A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009506335A (fr)
KR (1) KR20080041671A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005041203A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007025746A1 (fr)

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DE102005041203A1 (de) 2007-03-01
JP2009506335A (ja) 2009-02-12
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US20080231862A1 (en) 2008-09-25
US7911624B2 (en) 2011-03-22

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