EP1918408B1 - Martensitic free cutting stainless steel - Google Patents

Martensitic free cutting stainless steel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1918408B1
EP1918408B1 EP07019360.2A EP07019360A EP1918408B1 EP 1918408 B1 EP1918408 B1 EP 1918408B1 EP 07019360 A EP07019360 A EP 07019360A EP 1918408 B1 EP1918408 B1 EP 1918408B1
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stainless steel
content
free cutting
less
martensitic
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1918408A3 (en
EP1918408A2 (en
Inventor
Koichi Ishikawa
Tetsuya Shimizu
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Daido Steel Co Ltd
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Daido Steel Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a martensitic free cutting stainless steel. More particularly, it relates to a martensitic free cutting stainless steel which does not contain Se which is one of free cutting elements.
  • S generally forms a sulfide type inclusion such as MnS or MnSe. Accordingly, stress concentrates to the inclusion upon forming chips, thereby to improve the machinability.
  • Pb is present in the form of a simple substance in the steel, and serves as a lubricant between a tool and chips. As a result, the machinability is improved.
  • JP-A-2002-38241 discloses a free cutting stainless steel which contains, by mass percent, C: 0.50% or less, Si: 0.05 to 2.00%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.00%, S: 0.05 to 0.50%, Se: 0.02 to 0.20%, Te: 0.01 to 0.10%, and Cr: 10.00 to 30.00%, in which component ratios of a Mn/S ratio: 2 or less, a Se/S ratio: 0.2 or more, and a Te/S ratio: 0.04 or more are satisfied, with the balance including Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • JP-A-8-134602 discloses a martensitic stainless steel which contains, by weight percent, C: 0.5% or less, Si: 0.05 to 2.00%, Mn: 0.10 to 3.00%, P: 0.20% or less, Ni: 2.00% or less, Cr: 12.0 to 25.0%, Mo: 0.10 to 3.00%, S: 0.40 to 0.50%, Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.10% or less, 0.60 to 200ppm, Pb: 0.03 to 0.30%, and Te: 0.02 to 0.15%, with the balance including Fe and inevitable impurities, and has a Mn/S ratio of 4.5 to 6.5, and a Te/S ratio of less than 0.07.
  • the machinability is improved by the stress concentration to the sulfide.
  • the size or form of the formed sulfide directly affects the machinability.
  • the formed sulfide is too large, it operates as the breakage starting point, resulting in the deterioration of the strength of the stainless steel.
  • the formed sulfide extends extremely in one direction, the anisotropy occurs in the stainless steel, resulting in the deterioration of the toughness. Also from these viewpoints, it is important to control the size and the form of the sulfide.
  • the free cutting stainless steel of JP-A-2002-38241 has a Mn/S ratio of as small as 2.0 or less, and hence it is inferior in hot workability. This tends to cause an increase in manufacturing cost as well.
  • the inclusions increase in size. Therefore, the sulfides extend long in the longitudinal direction of the steel material. Accordingly, anisotropy occurs in the toughness, the fatigue strength, or the like, and thus the characteristics are largely degraded.
  • selenium ions detrimental to a human body are generated due to the corrosion of selenides.
  • the free cutting stainless steel of JP-A-8-134602 has a largely increased S content, and whereby it has been improved in machinability due to the increase in size of sulfides.
  • sulfides are excessively formed, and in addition, the inclusions increase in size. Therefore, the sulfides extend long in the longitudinal direction of the steel material. Accordingly, anisotropy occurs in the toughness, the fatigue strength, or the like, and thus the characteristics are largely degraded. Further, it also causes the deterioration of the corrosion resistance, the hot workability, or the cold workability.
  • the patent application US 2002/0170638 A1 discloses martensitic stainless steel parts having high hardness and corrosion resistance, which can be produced with high finishing accuracy, and from which release of sulfide gas is effectively suppressed.
  • the parts are produced by forging and/or machining a steel of a specific alloy composition to the shape of the part followed by quenching and tempering, or vice versa, and applying a solution of oxidative acid to the surface of the part so as to dissolve and remove sulfides existing on the surface of the part.
  • FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the test piece collection direction in the Charpy impact test.
  • the present invention relates to a martensitic free cutting stainless steel according to claim 1.
  • the martensitic free cutting stainless steel may further comprise:
  • the martensitic free cutting stainless steel may further comprise:
  • the martensitic free cutting stainless steel may further comprise:
  • the martensitic free cutting stainless steel may further comprise:
  • the martensitic free cutting stainless steel may further comprise:
  • a martensitic free cutting stainless steel in accordance with the present invention satisfies the foregoing component composition, and S, Mn, Te, and O satisfy the foregoing respective formulae, whereby the good balance is achieved. Accordingly, in the steel, a sulfide having a specific size and form is present in a specific area ratio. Therefore, the martensitic free cutting stainless steel in accordance with the invention is excellent in machinability, hot workability, cold workability, and toughness in comparison with the conventional martensitic free cutting stainless steels.
  • the stainless steel of the invention contains the following elements, with the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the types of the addition elements, the component ratio, the reason for limitation, and the like are as follows.
  • the unit of the component ratio is weight percent.
  • all the percentages defined by weight are the same as those defined by mass, respectively.
  • C is an element which is solid-solved in the base metal, and enhances the hardness. Accordingly, in order to obtain a sufficient hardness, the lower limit of the content of C is set at 0.10% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of C is preferably 1.00% or less, and more preferably 0.50% or less.
  • the lower limit of the content of Si is set at 0.10% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of Si is preferably 0.2% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of Si is set at 2.00% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content of Si is preferably 1.20% or less, and more preferably 0.50% or less.
  • Mn operates as a deoxidizer of the steel.
  • Mn forms a compound effective for the improvement of the machinability by the coexistence with S.
  • the lower limit of the content of Mn is set at 0.80% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content ofMn is set at 1.50% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content of Mn is preferably 1.20% or less.
  • S binds to Mn, Cr, or the like to form a compound effective for the improvement of the machinability.
  • the lower limit of the content of S is set at 0.15% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of S is set at 0.30% or less.
  • the upper limit of the S content is preferably 0.25% or less, and more preferably 0.20% or less from the viewpoints of achieving the excellent balance with the hot workability.
  • the lower limit of the content of Cr is set at 10.5% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of Cr is preferably 11.0% or more, and more preferably 12.0% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of Cr is set at 15.0% or less, and preferably 14.0% or less.
  • Pb is an element effective for the improvement of the machinability.
  • the lower limit of the content of Pb is set at 0.03% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of Pb is preferably 0.10% or more, and more preferably 0.13% or more from the viewpoints of ensuring a sufficient amount for the improvement of the machinability, and the like.
  • the upper limit of the content of Pb is set 0.23% or less from the viewpoints of facilitating the improvement of the hot workability, and the like.
  • Te is an element effective for improving the machinability, and it also suppresses the extension of sulfide due to rolling.
  • the lower limit of the content of Te is set at 0.01% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of Te is preferably 0.10% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content of Te is preferably 0.08% or less, and more preferably 0.05% or less from the viewpoints of facilitating the improvement of the hot workability, and the like.
  • the lower limit of the content ofB is set at 0.0005% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of B is preferably 0.0010% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of B is set at 0.010% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content ofB is preferably 0.008% or less.
  • the lower limit of the content of O is set at 0.005% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of O is preferably 0.007% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of O is set at 0.030% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content of O is preferably 0.020% or less.
  • the content thereof is preferably low. Accordingly, the upper limit of the content ofP is set at 0.10% or less. The upper limit of the content ofP is preferably 0.050% or less.
  • the lower limit of the content of P is set at 0.005% or more.
  • the content thereof is desirably controlled to the minimum. Accordingly, the upper limit of the content ofN is set at 0.050% or less. The upper limit of the content ofN is preferably 0.030% or less, although it depends on the even balance with the manufacturing cost.
  • the stainless steel of the present invention may further arbitrarily contain one or two or more elements selected from the following elements in addition to the foregoing essential elements.
  • the component ratio, the reason for limitation of each element, and the like are as follows.
  • Cu is an element which is effective for the improvement of the corrosion resistance, especially the corrosion resistance in a reducing acid environment.
  • the lower limit of the content of Cu is set at 0.01% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of Cu is preferably 0.05% or more, and more preferably 0.10% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of Cu is set at 2.0% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content of Cu is preferably 1.0% or less, and more preferably 0.8% or less.
  • Ni is an element which is effective for enhancing the corrosion resistance imparted by Cr.
  • the lower limit of the content ofNi is set at 0.01% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of Ni is preferably 0.05% or more, and more preferably 0.10% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content ofNi is set at 2.0% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content ofNi is preferably 1.0% or less, and more preferably 0.5% or less.
  • Mo is an element which is capable of improving the corrosion resistance and the strength.
  • the lower limit of the content of Mo is set at 0.01% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of Mo is preferably 0.05% or more, and more preferably 0.10% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of Mo is set at 1.0% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content of Mo is preferably 0.60% or less, and more preferably 0.50% or less.
  • Bi is an element which is capable of further improving the machinability. Accordingly, it may be optionally added.
  • the lower limit of the content of Bi is set at 0.01% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of Bi is preferably 0.05% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content ofBi is set at 0.30% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content ofBi is preferably 0.20% or less.
  • Ca, Mg, and REM are elements which are effective for the improvement of the hot workability. Accordingly, they may be optionally added. In order to obtain the effect, all of the content of Ca, the content of Mg, and the content of REM are set at 0.0001% or more, respectively.
  • the content of Ca is set at 0.05% or less, and preferably 0.01% or less.
  • the content ofMg is set at 0.02% or less, and preferably 0.01% or less.
  • the content of REM is set at 0.02% or less.
  • W has an effect of further improving the corrosion resistance and the strength. Accordingly, it may be optionally added.
  • the content of W is set at 0.01% or more.
  • the lower limit of the content ofW is preferably 0.05% or more, and more preferably 0.10% or more.
  • the content of W is set at 2.0% or less.
  • the upper limit of the content of W is preferably set at 1.0% or less.
  • Nb, Ta, and V each form a carbonitride to thereby refine the grain size, and thus have an effect of enhancing the toughness.
  • all of the content of Nb, the content of Ta, and the content of V are set at 0.01% or more, respectively.
  • All of the content ofNb, the content of Ta, and the content of V are preferably 0.05% or more, and more preferably 0.10% or more, respectively.
  • all of the content ofNb, the content of Ta, and the content of V are set at 0.50% or less, respectively. All of the content ofNb, the content of Ta, and the content of V are preferably 0.40% or less, respectively.
  • the stainless steel of the invention satisfies the respective formulae of 3.0 ⁇ [Mn]/[S] ⁇ 10.0, 0.10 ⁇ [Te]/[S] ⁇ 0.50 and 15 ⁇ [S]/[O] ⁇ 30.
  • each parenthesis [ ] in the formulae indicates the weight percent of each element.
  • the lower limit of the value of [Mn]/[S] is set at 3.0 or more.
  • the lower limit of the value of [Mn]/[S] is preferably 4.0 or more.
  • the upper limit of the value of [Mn]/[S] is set at 10.0 or less.
  • the upper limit of the value of [Te]/[S] is 0.50 or less from the viewpoint of the hot workability.
  • the lower limit of the value of [S]/[O] is set at 15 or more.
  • sulfides having a circle equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more and an aspect ratio of 10 or less are present in a total amount of 0.50% or more by area ratio. As a result, an excellent machinability can be exerted.
  • the upper limit of the above-mentioned area ratio is 10.0% or less. When it exceeds the value, anisotropy occurs in the toughness, the fatigue strength, or the like. Like this, it is observed that the characteristics tend to be largely degraded.
  • the above-mentioned area ratio can be determined in the following manner. Namely, for the mirror-polished surface of the stainless steel of the invention, typical microphotographs are taken at a 200-fold magnification in 50 visual fields. Then, color extraction of the sulfide (inclusion) is carried out. Thus, the circle equivalent diameter and the aspect ratio of each sulfide are measured by image processing. Out of these, the total area ratio of the sulfides having a circle equivalent diameter of 2 ⁇ m or more and an aspect ratio of 10 or less can be determined.
  • the aspect ratio indicates the value of the longer diameter of the sulfide/shorter diameter of the sulfide.
  • the heating temperature during the hot processing, hot forging or hot rolling is in a temperature range of 950 to 1250°C.
  • Annealing is carried out at 750 to 900°C for 3 to 5 hours. Then, furnace cooling is carried out to around 600°C at a rate of 10 to 20°C/hour. Thereafter, air cooling is carried out.
  • pickling or polishing for removal of the surface oxide layer may be optionally carried out, and cold rolling may be optionally carried out.
  • the application of the stainless steel of the invention as described above is not particularly limited.
  • the stainless steel of the invention can be preferably used for members required to be subjected to cold cutting processing (such as finishing processing), and to have a corrosion resistance, a high strength, and the like, such as a motor shaft, a pump shaft, a valve component, a screw, a bolt, and a nut.
  • respective ingots were heated to 1000 to 1200°C, and processed into round bar steels with a diameter of 60 mm and with a diameter of 20 mm, and square bar steels with a width of 60 mm and a height of 30 mm by hot forging.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are SUS410 and SUS416 specified according to JIS, respectively.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Comparative Example 9 and Comparative Example 10 are SUS420J2 and SUS420F specified according to JIS, respectively.
  • the stainless steels in accordance Comparative Examples 1 to 8 are for the comparison with the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 1 to 15, and 31 to 35.
  • the stainless steels in accordance Comparative Examples 9 to 16 are for the comparison with the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 16 to 30, and 36 to 40.
  • the measurement method was as follows. Samples with a length of 10 mm per side were collected from the 20-mm round bar steels, and each sample was embedded in a resin so that the longitudinal direction is the measurement surface. Then, for the mirror-polished surface of each stainless steel, typical microphotographs were taken at a 200-fold magnification in 50 visual fields by means of an optical microscope.
  • [X] denotes the content (wt%) of element X.
  • [X]/[Y] denotes the ratio (wt%) of elements X to Y * Illustrative Example Table 5 [Mn]/[S] [Te]/[S] [S]/[O] Area ratio of sulfide (%) Ex.
  • [X] denotes the content (wt%) of element X.
  • [X]/[Y] denotes the ratio (wt%) of elements X to Y * Illustrative Example Table 6 [Mn]/[S] [Te]/[S] [S]/[O] Area ratio of sulfide (%) Ex.
  • [X] denotes the content (wt%) of element X.
  • [X]/[Y] denotes the ratio (wt%) of elements X to Y * Illustrative Example
  • the machinability evaluations were carried out for two of the machinability in turning and the machinability in drilling.
  • the machinability in turning was evaluated in the following condition.
  • the tool wear amount and the chip shape were relatively evaluated.
  • the tool wear amount was evaluated by measuring the wear amount of the average tool flank wear (see, JIS B170 section "(5) Tool damage No. 5005").
  • the case where the tool wear amount was 50 ⁇ m or less was rated as "A”; the case of 51 to 100 ⁇ m was rated as “B”; and the case of 101 ⁇ m or more was rated as "C”.
  • chip shape was confirmed by visual observation.
  • the one which was good in chip breakability was rated as "A”; the one which was broken into coils of approximately several turns was rated as “B”; and the one which was inferior in breakability and provided continuous chips was rated as "C”.
  • continuous chips unfavorably make automation difficult.
  • the machinability in drilling was evaluated in the following condition.
  • a test piece with a width of 60 mm, a height of 30 mm, and a length of 200 mm By the use of a cutting speed as to result in a tool life (undrillable) of 5000 mm and the chip shape were relatively evaluated.
  • chip shape was confirmed by visual observation of the initial chips when drill machining was carried out at a cutting speed of 20 m/min.
  • the one which was good in chip breakability was rated as "A”; the one which was broken into coils of approximately several turns was rated as “B”; and the one which was inferior in breakability and provided continuous chips was rated as "C”.
  • continuous chips unfavorably make automation difficult.
  • the hot workability was evaluated by the appearance after hot forging of each ingot into a 20-mm round bar steel and the high-temperature high-speed tensile test (Gleeble test).
  • the appearance after forging was evaluated based on the degree of occurrence of crack.
  • the one with no crack was rated as "A”; the one with slight crack of such a degree as to be able to be cut by a grinder, occurred therein, was rated as "B”; and the one with large crack occurred therein was rated as "C”.
  • the high-temperature high-speed tensile test was carried out in the following condition. Each high-temperature high-speed tensile test piece with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 110 mm was cut out from the steel in the as-casted state, and relatively evaluated based on the value of reduction of area at 1000°C.
  • the cold workability evaluation was carried out in the following condition. Namely, for each stainless steel, a cylindrical test piece with a diameter of 12 mm and a height of 18 mm was prepared from a 20-mm round bar steel was prepared. Then, for each test piece, a single-step compression test was carried out by a 600-t hydraulic press to measure the limit compressibility. Incidentally, a higher limit compressibility indicates excellent cold workability.
  • the toughness evaluation was carried out at room temperature (24°C) according to JIS Z2202.
  • a material was collected as shown in FIG. 1 from a square bar steel with a width of 60 mm and a height of 30 mm, and roughly machined. Then, the material was heated to 950°C, and kept for 30 minutes. Then, the material was oil cooled, and thus subjected to a quenching treatment. Then, the material was heated to 180°C, and kept for 1 hour. Then, the air-cooled and tempered test piece was machined into a JIS No. 4 test piece, so that a Charpy impact test in the L and T directions was carried out.
  • the corrosion resistance test was carried out in accordance with a high-temperature high-humidity test. Namely, for each stainless steel, a cylindrical test piece with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 50 mm was prepared from a 20-mm round bar steel. Then, the surface of the test piece was polished with emery papers of up to No. 400 count, and degreased and washed. Then, these respective test pieces were held in a constant-temperature constant-humidity bath at a temperature of 50°C, and a relative humidity of 98% RH for 96 hours. Then, for each test piece after holding, whether rust occurred or not was visually observed.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 1 to 15, and 31 to 35 were compared with the stainless steel in accordance with Comparative Example 2.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 16 to 30, and 36 to 40 were compared with the stainless steel in accordance with Comparative Example 10.
  • the case where rust occurred in a very small amount was judged as "A + "; the case where rust occurred in a comparable amount was judged as "A”; and the case where rust occurred in a large amount was judged as "B".
  • a cylindrical test piece with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 10 mm was prepared from a 20-mm round bar steel. Then, each sample was heated to 950°C, and kept for 30 minutes. Then, it was oil cooled, and thus subjected to a quenching treatment. Then, each test piece was heated to 180°C, and kept for 1 hour. Then, it was air cooled and subjected to a tempering treatment. Thereafter, the hardness was measured in terms of Rockwell hardness (C scale).
  • the stainless steel in accordance with Comparative Example 1 is SUS410 specified according to JIS, and contains a very small amount of S which is one of free cutting elements, and is not a so-called free cutting stainless steel. Accordingly, it contains almost no sulfides, and is very excellent in corrosion resistance, and has almost no anisotropy, and is also excellent in toughness. Further, it is also excellent in hot workability and cold workability. However, it is very inferior in machinability.
  • the stainless steel in accordance with Comparative Example 2 is SUS416 specified according to JIS.
  • SUS410 contains S which is one of free cutting elements, added therein (it also contains no Pb nor Te which is another free cutting element).
  • the machinability is improved by the presence of sulfides which are inclusions.
  • this is due to a mere increase in amount of S to be added to SUS410. Therefore, anisotropy occurs, so that the toughnesses in the L direction and in the T direction are badly balanced. This is presumably due to the fact that there occurred a sulfide which extended in the form of a string in the longitudinal direction. Further, the cold workability is also deteriorated as compared with SUS410.
  • the stainless steel in accordance with Comparative Example 9 is SUS420J2 specified according to JIS. This is also not a free cutting stainless steel as with the SUS410. Accordingly, it contains almost no sulfides, and is very excellent in corrosion resistance, and has almost no anisotropy, and is also excellent in toughness. Further, it is also excellent in hot workability and cold workability. However, it is very inferior in machinability.
  • the stainless steel in accordance with Comparative Example 10 is SUS420F specified according to JIS. As compared with SUS420J2, it contains S which is one of free cutting elements, added therein (it contains no Pb nor Te which is another free cutting element). Accordingly, the machinability is improved by the presence of sulfides which are inclusions. However, this is due to a mere increase in amount of S to be added to SUS420J2. Therefore, anisotropy occurs, so that the toughnesses in the L direction and in the T direction are badly balanced. This is presumably due to the fact that there occurred a sulfide which extended in the form of a string in the longitudinal direction. Further, the cold workability is also deteriorated as compared with SUS420J2.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Comparative examples 3 and 11 each contain O in a larger proportion than the range specified in this application. Accordingly, as compared with the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 1 to 15, and 31 to 35, and the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 16 to 30, and 36 to 40, the machinability is lower. This is presumably due to the fact that excessive addition of O resulted in the formation of oxides which are not effective for the improvement of the machinability.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Comparative Examples 4 and 12 each contain S which is one of free cutting elements in a smaller proportion than the range specified in this application. Accordingly, the total area ratio of a specific sulfide is also lower than the range specified in this application. As compared with the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 1 to 15, and 31 to 35, and the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 16 to 30, and 36 to 40, the effect of improving the machinability cannot be sufficiently obtained.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Comparative Examples 5 and 13 each contain Te which is one of free cutting elements in a smaller proportion than the range specified in this application. Accordingly, as compared with the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 1 to 15, and 31 to 35, and the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 16 to 30, and 36 to 40, the effect of improving the machinability cannot be sufficiently obtained. Further, it is indicated that the cold workability is deteriorated, and that the toughness is also deteriorated due to the anisotropy.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Comparative Examples 6 and 14 each contain O in a smaller proportion than the range specified in this application. Accordingly, as compared with the stainless steels in accordance with Example 1 to 15, and 31 to 35, and the stainless steels in accordance with Examples 16 to 30, and 36 to 40, the machinability is deteriorated. This is presumably due to the fact that too small amount of O inhibited the sufficient formation of sulfides with such a size as to improve the machinability.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Comparative Examples 7 and 15 each contain S in an extremely larger proportion than the range specified in this application. Accordingly, the machinability is comparable to that of each stainless steel in accordance with Examples 1 to 15, and 31 to 35, and that of each stainless steel in accordance with Examples 16 to 30, and 36 to 40. However, the anisotropy has occurred, resulting in a deterioration of the toughness. Further, the cold workability is also extremely deteriorated.
  • the stainless steels in accordance with Comparative Examples 8 and 16 each has, especially, an extremely smaller value of [Mn]/[S] than the range specified in this application. Accordingly, the machinability is deteriorated, and in addition, the hot workability is also inferior as compared with each stainless steel in accordance with Examples 1 to 15, and 31 to 35, and each stainless steel in accordance with Examples 16 to 30, and 36 to 40.
  • the inventive stainless steels in accordance with Examples 1-4, 8, 13, 15-19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30-33, 36-39 satisfy the component composition specified in this invention.
  • S, Mn, Te, and O each satisfy the above-mentioned respective formulae.
  • a specific sulfide is present in a specific area ratio. Accordingly, the machinability, the hot workability, the cold workability, and the toughness were excellent.

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EP07019360.2A 2006-10-03 2007-10-02 Martensitic free cutting stainless steel Expired - Fee Related EP1918408B1 (en)

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KR102471016B1 (ko) * 2018-06-13 2022-11-28 닛테츠 스테인레스 가부시키가이샤 마르텐사이트계 s쾌삭 스테인리스강
KR20220016835A (ko) * 2019-06-05 2022-02-10 에이비 산드빅 매터리얼즈 테크놀로지 마르텐사이트계 스테인리스 합금
CN110643881B (zh) * 2019-09-09 2021-08-10 南京钢铁股份有限公司 一种大规格风电紧固件用钢及其制造方法
CN110819913B (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-12-04 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 一种硫系易切削不锈钢及其制备方法
CN111118406B (zh) * 2020-01-15 2020-09-01 南京福贝尔五金制品有限公司 一种耐海洋大气腐蚀高强度螺栓的制造方法
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CN112095051B (zh) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-02 北京科技大学 镁钙碲复合处理的易切削钢及其制备方法和应用
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CN114717470B (zh) * 2021-12-01 2023-07-14 上海大学 一种含碲易切削模具钢及其制备方法
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CN101158011A (zh) 2008-04-09
US20080089804A1 (en) 2008-04-17
JP5135918B2 (ja) 2013-02-06
CN101158011B (zh) 2012-09-26
JP2008111186A (ja) 2008-05-15
EP1918408A2 (en) 2008-05-07

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