EP1855260A1 - Systeme d'alarme incendie - Google Patents

Systeme d'alarme incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1855260A1
EP1855260A1 EP05782278A EP05782278A EP1855260A1 EP 1855260 A1 EP1855260 A1 EP 1855260A1 EP 05782278 A EP05782278 A EP 05782278A EP 05782278 A EP05782278 A EP 05782278A EP 1855260 A1 EP1855260 A1 EP 1855260A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiver
fire
fire detector
time slot
detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05782278A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1855260B1 (fr
EP1855260A4 (fr
Inventor
Masahiro Matsushita Electric Works Ltd. NAGATA
Hideki Matsushita Electric Works Ltd. KASAI
Takashi Matsushita Electric Works Ltd. FUJII
Satoshi Matsushita Electric Works Ltd. HIRATA
Gon Matsushita Electric Works Ltd. MOZUMI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1855260A1 publication Critical patent/EP1855260A1/fr
Publication of EP1855260A4 publication Critical patent/EP1855260A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1855260B1 publication Critical patent/EP1855260B1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/007—Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
    • G08B26/007—Wireless interrogation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire alarm system comprising a plurality of fire detectors for detecting a fire, and a receiver which sounds an alarm on receiving a signal from each fire detector, and, more particularly, to a fire alarm system in which each fire detector and the receiver communicate by radio with each other.
  • Japanese Patent No. 3029716 discloses a fire alarm system which comprises a plurality of fire detectors for detecting fire and a receiver which sounds an alarm on receiving a signal from each fire detector, and in which each fire detector and the receiver communicate by radio with each other.
  • each fire detector in order to check that each fire detector works normally, periodical communication is performed at a predetermined time interval. That is, the receiver sends a reply request message to each fire detector once every several hours, and each fire detector sends back a reply message which indicates its own operating condition, such as battery information, to the receiver on receiving the reply request message. The receiver judges whether a failure, e.g. battery exhaustion, occurs or not in each fire detector based on the received replay message.
  • a failure e.g. battery exhaustion
  • the periodical communication is performed more frequently in order to increase the reliability of the fire alarm system.
  • the periodical communication is due to be required to be performed once within 300 seconds.
  • a polling method in which the receiver transmits a request message to each fire detector in turn, an ARQ method (Automatic Repeat reQuest method), in which the receiver transmits a receipt acknowledgement (ACK) to the fire detector which sent the reply message and each fire detector sends the reply message repeatedly until it receives the receipt acknowledgement, a token-ring method (registered trademark), in which a token is circulated among the fire detectors, and so on, can be considered.
  • ARQ method Automatic Repeat reQuest method
  • ACK receipt acknowledgement
  • a token-ring method registered trademark
  • transmission frequency of the receiver increases in proportion to the number of the fire detectors.
  • the fire alarm system uses a frequency which does not require a license, but in such a frequency which do no require a license, there is a rigid restriction on a transmission time duty, that is, an allowable transmission time per unit of time (namely, per one hour).
  • a transmission time duty that is, an allowable transmission time per unit of time (namely, per one hour).
  • EU European Union
  • the above duty has to be less than 0.1 % in the frequency for an alarm used in the fire alarm system. Therefore, in the polling method and the ARQ method, because the duty will go beyond the limit when the number of the fire detectors increases, the number of the fire detectors cannot be increased very much.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fire alarm system which can avoid the collision reliably even if the periodical communication is performed frequently.
  • the fire alarm system in accordance with the present invention comprises a plurality of fire detectors and a receiver.
  • Each of the fire detectors has a detection means for detecting a fire, and a radio transmitter and receiver means which transmits and receives a radio signal to and from the receiver, and the radio transmitter and receiver means transmits the radio signal to the receiver when the detection means detects fire and also performs periodical communication with the receiver which informs the receiver of an operating condition of its own fire detector at a predetermined time interval.
  • the receiver has a radio transmitter and receiver means which transmits and receives the radio signal to and from each of the fire detectors, and an informing means which informs an outside about a fire if the received radio signal includes fire detection information.
  • each of the fire detectors and the receiver perform radio communication with each other by using a super frame comprising a plurality of frames each of which includes one down-time slot for transmission from a receiver side to a fire detector side and a plurality of up-time slots for transmission from the fire detector side to the receiver side, and the fire detectors are assigned respectively to different ones of the up-time slots for transmission of the radio signal. Therefore, in the fire alarm system of the present invention, because each fire detector transmits the radio signal in distinct up-time slot, it is possible to avoid the collision reliably even if the periodical communication is performed frequently.
  • the receiver transmits a synchronizing signal to all the fire detectors in the down-time slot in the first frame in the super frame, and each of the fire detectors determines a starting timing of the up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector based on a point of time when it received the synchronizing signal.
  • all the fire detectors can operate in synchronization with one another by receiving the synchronizing signal and adjusting the synchronism individually.
  • the receiver transmits, to all the fire detectors, a reply request message which requests the periodical communication, in the same down-time slot as said synchronizing signal, and each of the fire detectors which received the reply request message transmits, to the receiver, a reply message which informs the receiver of the operating condition of its own fire detector in the up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector.
  • a reply message which informs the receiver of the operating condition of its own fire detector in the up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector.
  • the receiver when the receiver could not receive the reply message in any up-time slot, the receiver retransmits the reply request message to the fire detector which is assigned to the up-time slot in which the receiver could not receive the reply message, in the down-time slot of the next frame, and the fire detector which received the reply request message transmits the reply message to the receiver again in the next up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector.
  • the fire detector which received the reply request message transmits the reply message to the receiver again in the next up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector.
  • the receiver may retransmit the reply request message to the fire detector which is assigned to the up-time slot in which the receiver could not receive the reply message, in the down-time slot of the next frame, and the fire detector which received the reply request message may transmit the reply message to the receiver again in a plurality of arbitrary up-time slots.
  • the fire detector which received the reply request message may transmit the reply message to the receiver again in a plurality of arbitrary up-time slots.
  • the receiver may retransmit the reply request message to the fire detector which is assigned to the up-time slot in which the receiver could not receive the reply message while specifying one or more up-time slots in which the receiver could receive the reply message, in the down-time slot of the next frame, and the fire detector which received the reply request message may transmit the reply message to the receiver again in the specified one or more up-time slots.
  • the fire detector which received the reply request message may transmit the reply message to the receiver again in the specified one or more up-time slots.
  • the receiver may retransmit the reply request message while specifying the up-time slots which are different for each frame, and the fire detector which received the reply request message may transmit the reply message to the receiver again in the specified up-time slots.
  • the fire detector which received the reply request message may transmit the reply message to the receiver again in the specified up-time slots.
  • the fire detector which received the reply request message may transmit the reply message to the receiver again in the specified up-time slots.
  • the receiver may calculate an upper limit of the number of times of transmission from each fire detector to the receiver allowed in one super frame by using a transmission time allowed in one super frame, a time necessary for a single up-time slot and a single down-time slot, and the number of the up-time slots in one frame, and the receiver may send the number of times of the transmission which is less than or equal to the upper limit to all the fire detectors together with the reply request message, and each fire detector may transmit the reply message to the receiver in the up-time slots assigned for its own fire detector in one super frame until the number of times of the transmission reaches the transmitted (specified) number of times of the transmission.
  • the receiver has a detection means for detecting signal strength of the received radio signal, and the receiver relatively reduces the number of times of the transmission, to the fire detector which sent the radio signal with relatively high signal strength, and the receiver relatively increases the number of times of the transmission within the upper limit, to the fire detector which sent the radio signal with relatively low signal strength. In this case, it is possible to reduce unnecessary traffic as well as to perform the periodical communication reliably.
  • each of the fire detectors transmits fire detection information to the receiver in the next up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector. In this case, it is possible to inform the receiver of the fire reliably without a collision between the fire detection information and the radio signal sent by the other fire detectors, such as the reply message and the fire detection information.
  • the receiver when the receiver receives the fire detection information, it transmits a confirmation message, in the next down-time slot, to the fire detector which sent the fire detection information, and the fire detector which sent the fire detection message transmits the fire detection information to the receiver in the up-time slots assigned for its own fire detector until it receives the confirmation message.
  • the fire detection information it is possible to transmit the fire detection information to the receiver reliably even when the receiver could not receive the fire detection information normally due to noise, interfering wave, and so on.
  • each of the fire detectors has a unique address, and a lower address of the unique address corresponds to a position of the up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector. In this case, it is not necessary to store the position of the up-time slot in each fire detector in addition to the unique address of the fire detector.
  • each fire detector when each fire detector transmits the radio signal to the receiver, it may transmit an upper address derived from the unique address by loss of the lower address as information indicating an originating fire detector. Because the receiver can know the lower address of the fire detector from the position of the up-time slot, each fire detector has only to send the upper address derived from the unique address by loss of the lower address, whereby it is possible to reduce the transmission time and to reduce the power consumption.
  • each of the fire detectors has a timer which counts a time from an end of the reception of the time slot including the synchronizing signal to a beginning of the reception of the time slot including the synchronizing signal in the next super frame, and each of the fire detectors calculates an error between the time counted by the timer and an actual timing at which it actually receives the time slot including the synchronizing signal, and it corrects the time counted by the timer from then on by using the error.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fire alarm system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This fire alarm system comprises a single receiver 1 and six fire detectors 10 1 to 10 6 .
  • Each of the fire detectors 10 1 to 10 6 is installed in, for example, a ceiling of a facility, and, as shown in FIG. 2, it has a detector 11 which detects a fire by detecting temperature change and/or smoke generated by fire, a radio transmitter and receiver part 12 which modulates and demodulates between an after-mentioned data format and a carrier of a predetermined frequency, and transmits and receives a radio signal to and from the receiver 1, a battery power source 14 for supplying power to each part from batteries, a switch 16 which opens and closes between the battery power source 14 and the radio transmitter and receiver part 12, a controller 13 for controlling the radio transmitter and receiver part 12 and the switch 16, and an antenna 15 for transmitting and receiving the radio signal.
  • the controller 13 mainly comprises a microcomputer and nonvolatile memory such as EEPROM, and programs for performing various processes are stored in the nonvolatile memory.
  • the radio transmitter and receiver part 12 transmits the radio signal to the receiver 1 when the detector 11 detects a fire, and also it performs periodical communication with the receiver 1 which informs the receiver 1 of an operating condition of its own fire detector at a predetermined time interval.
  • An after-mentioned unique IP address is provided to each fire detector during manufacturing or during construction, and it is stored in the nonvolatile memory of the controller 13.
  • the receiver 1 is installed in, for example, a management room of a building, and, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, it has a radio transmitter and receiver part 2 which modulates and demodulates between an after-mentioned data format and a carrier of a predetermined frequency, and transmits and receives the radio signal to and from each detectors 10 1 to 10 6 , operation switches 3a for configuring various setting, an informing part 3 including a liquid crystal display 3b for displaying various information, such as fire alert, and a speaker 3c for generating an audible alarm, an alarm message, and so on, a controller 4 for controlling the radio transmitter and receiver part 2 and the informing part 3, a power source 5 for supplying power to each part from commercial power supply, and an antenna 6 for transmitting and receiving the radio signal.
  • a radio transmitter and receiver part 2 which modulates and demodulates between an after-mentioned data format and a carrier of a predetermined frequency, and transmits and receives the radio signal to and from each detectors 10 1 to 10 6
  • the controller 4 mainly comprises a microcomputer and nonvolatile memory such as EEPROM, and programs for performing various processes are stored in the nonvolatile memory.
  • a unique IP address which is different from that of the fire detectors 10 is provided to the receiver 1 during manufacturing or during construction, and it is stored in the nonvolatile memory of the controller 4.
  • the receiver 1 and each of the fire detectors 10 1 to 10 6 perform radio communication with each other by using a frequency which does not require a license. Therefore, they have to meet radio characteristics which conforms to, for example, low-power security or specified low power radio standard in Japan, FCC Regulations Part15 Subpart C in the United States, and Short Range Device in Europe.
  • FIG. 4 shows a data format of the data which is transmitted and received between the receiver 1 and each of the fire detectors 10 1 to 10 6 .
  • This data format includes a 32-bit preamble (PR) in which "1" and "0" alternate (bit synchronization pattern), a 16-bit unique word (UW) of a prescribed bit string (frame synchronization pattern), a 32-bit unique system ID (sysID) assigned to the fire alarm system, a 8-bit unique detector ID (NodeID) assigned to each fire detector 10, a 16-bit message (Msg), and a 16-bit error-detecting code (CRC). That is, the unique address of each fire detector is the system ID plus the detector ID (namely, the system ID + the detector ID), and the unique address of the receiver 1 is the system ID.
  • PR preamble
  • UW 16-bit unique word
  • UW 16-bit unique word
  • NodeID 8-bit unique detector ID
  • Msg 16-bit message
  • CRC error-detecting code
  • the receiver 1 When the receiver 1 transmits a message to a specific fire detector, the receiver 1 specifies the detector ID of the fire detector 10 in the detector ID (NodeID) of the data format, and when the receiver 1 transmits a message to all the fire detectors 10, it specifies "0" (zero) in the detector ID of the data format.
  • each fire detector sends a replay to the receiver 1, it specifies the detector ID of its own fire detector in the detector ID of the data format.
  • the receiver 1 and each fire detector which received the radio signal amplify the received signal by the radio transmitter and receiver parts 12 and 2, and demodulate the data format, and output it to the controllers 13 and 4, respectively.
  • the controllers 13 and 4 sample the data demodulated by the radio transmitter and receiver part 12 and 2 by a digital input port of the microcomputer, and extract the bit timing during the reception of the preamble (PR), and then they detect the unique word by shifting the consecutive 16 bits of the received bits until they correspond with the prescribed unique word. Then, the controllers 13 and 4 check the received system ID and the detector ID against the unique address stored in the nonvolatile memory, and if they correspond with each other and the bit error is not detected, these controllers accept the message (Msg) and perform a predetermined process programmed beforehand.
  • PR preamble
  • a reply request message in which the receiver 10 requests the periodical communication to the fire detectors 10 a reply message to the reply request message, fire detection information for informing the receiver 1 of occurrence of a fire, and so on, are included.
  • the receiver 1 inserts a synchronizing signal in the message (Msg), and it transmits the message (Msg) including the synchronizing signal to the fire detectors 10.
  • the fire detector 10 which received the synchronizing signal determines a starting timing of the up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector and a time at which the fire detector begins to receive the time slot including the synchronizing signal in the next super frame, based on the point of time when it received the synchronizing signal.
  • FIG. 5 shows a configuration of the super frame used in the radio communication of this embodiment.
  • This super frame SF includes 30 frames F1 to F30, and each frame includes one down-time slot B for downward transmission (namely, from the receiver side to the fire detector side) and 99 up-time slots D1 to D99 for upward transmission (namely, from the fire detector side to the receiver side).
  • the time distance of each time slot B and D1 to D99 is 0.1 seconds, and the time distance of each frame is 10 seconds, and the period of the super frame is 300 seconds.
  • Each time slots B and D1 to D99 further includes 50-millisecond data format shown in the above-mentioned FIG. 4, 20-millisecond start time for activating the radio transmitter and receiver parts 12 and 2 of the receiver 1 and the fire detector 10 and transmitting data at stable carrier frequency, and 15-millisecond guard times provided at both ends of each time slot.
  • the guard time is an empty time for absorbing a timing difference caused by an error between operation clock frequencies of the fire detector 10 and the receiver 1 (in other words, between operation clock frequencies of the microcomputers which makes up the controllers 13 and 4).
  • the fire detectors 10 1 to 10 6 are assigned respectively to different ones of the up-time slots D1 to D99 for transmission of the radio signal. Therefore, even if the periodical communication is performed frequently, it is possible to avoid the collision between the transmissions from the fire detectors reliably.
  • each fire detector 10 1 to 10 6 assigns each fire detector 10 1 to 10 6 to one of the up-time slots D1 to D99.
  • a method in which each fire detector is assigned by a DIP switch provided each fire detector 10 1 to 10 6 a method in which the slot number is stored in the nonvolatile memory of the controller 13 during manufacturing, a method in which the receiver 1 assigns each fire detector in turn by using a radio communication during construction and each fire detector stores the assignment in the nonvolatile memory of the controller 13, and so on, can be considered.
  • the detector ID namely, a lower address out of the unique address of each fire detector is made to correspond to the slot number in a one-to-one relationship.
  • the controller 13 of each fire detector determines the up-time slot number of its own fire detector from the lower address of the unique address stored in the nonvolatile memory. In this case, it is possible to save the trouble of storing the slot number in addition to the unique address or setting the slot number separately.
  • the receiver 1 transmits the reply request message to each fire detector, and each fire detector which received the reply request message sends back the reply message to the receiver 1.
  • the content of the replay message includes the presence or absence of an abnormality in the fire detector (for example, the battery voltage came down below a threshold, or a defective operation was occurred in the detector 11, and so on). If the reply message includes the content of such an abnormality, the receiver 1 informs a system administrator of occurrence of the abnormality by, for example, displaying the detector ID of the fire detector which sent the reply message on the informing part 3.
  • the controller 4 of the receiver 1 specifies "0" in the detector ID of the data format in the down-time slot B of the first frame F1 of the super frame SF, and transmits the reply request message including the synchronizing signal to all the fire detectors 10, as the message (Msg).
  • the controller 13 closes the switch 16 immediately after the fire detector is turned on to supply the power to the radio transmitter and receiver part 12, and it continues a receiving operation until it receives the reply request message including the synchronizing signal (Steps S1 and S2 of FIG. 6).
  • each fire detector 10 When each fire detector 10 receives the reply request message including the synchronizing signal, it opens the switch 16 by the controller 13 to stop supplying power to the radio transmitter and receiver part 12, and it stops the receiving operation (Step S3 of FIG. 6). Then, each fire detector 10 activates a first timer, a second timer, and a third timer, built in the microcomputer of the controller 13, at the same time (Step S4 of FIG. 6).
  • the third timer counts a time from the end of the down-time slot B to the beginning of the reception of the down-time slot B in the next frame.
  • each fire detector 10 When the count of the second timer reaches its end, that is, in the up-time slot D i assigned for its own fire detector, the controller 13 of each fire detector 10 transmits the reply message through the radio transmitter and receiver part 12, and after the transmission, each fire detector activates the fourth timer built in the microcomputer (Steps S5 and S6 of FIG. 6).
  • each fire detector waits until the third timer expires and the message (Msg) is transmitted from the receiver 1 in the down-time slot B of the next frame (Step S7 of FIG. 6).
  • the controller 4 receives the reply message sent back from each fire detector 10 while the third timer is activated, that is, during the up-time slots D1 to D99. If the controller 4 receives the reply message from all the fire detectors, it sends a reception confirmation message for informing each fire detector of normal reception, as the message (Msg), to all the fire detectors 10 simultaneously (that is, in the multicasting).
  • the controller 13 of each fire detector 10 closes the switch 16 again to activate the radio transmitter and receiver part 12, and it receives the down-time slot B from the receiver 1. After the controller 13 received the down-time slot B, it activates the third timer again (Step S8 of FIG. 6).
  • Step S9 of FIG. 6 the controller 13 of each fire detector opens the switch 16 to halt the radio transmitter and receiver part 12 until the first timer expires (Step S10 of FIG. 6), and when the first timer expires and the next super frame SF begins, the controller 13 closes the switch 16 again to receive the down-time slot B (Step S11 of FIG. 6), and repeats the above operation from Step S4.
  • the receiver 1 may not be able to receive the reply message from the fire detectors normally due to noise, interfering wave, and so on.
  • the receiver 1 specifies the detector ID of the fire detector from which the receiver 1 could not receive the reply message in the detector ID of the data format of FIG. 4, and the receiver sends the reply request message, as a substitute for the reception confirmation message, again, to the fire detector in the down-time slot B of the next frame F2.
  • the receiver 1 specifies the ID of the fire detector 10 3 in the detector ID, and it sends the reply request message again in the down-time slot B of the next frame F2.
  • "T" indicates a transmission state
  • "R" indicates a reception state.
  • each fire detector receives the down-time slot B in the next frame F2
  • the fire detectors except for the fire detector 10 3 discard the transmitted data because the detector ID in the data format of the transmitted data does not correspond with each of their own IDs (Step S9 and S12 of FIG. 6), and they open the switch 16 to halt the radio transmitter and receiver part 12 until the third timer expires, and they repeat the Steps S7, S8, S9, and S12 until they receive the reception confirmation message.
  • the controller 13 of the fire detector 10 3 accepts the reply request message because the detector ID of the data format received in the down-time slot B of the second frame F2 corresponds with the detector ID of its own fire detector, and it sends back the reply message again at the point of time when the fourth timer expires, that is, in the up-time slot D3 assigned for its own fire detector in the second frame F2 (Steps S13 and S6).
  • the receiver When the receiver receives the reply message from the fire detector 10 3 normally, it specifies "0" in the detector ID and sends the reception confirmation message as the message (Msg) to all the fire detectors simultaneously. If the receiver could not receive the reply message from the fire detector 10 3 , it sends the reply request message to the fire detector 10 3 again, and repeats the above operations.
  • the receiver 1 may sends the reply request message to each fire detector in the second and subsequent frames F2, F3, ..., within the upper limit of the number of times of the transmission.
  • each fire detector determines the starting timing of the up-time slot assigned for its own fire detector by using the second and fourth timers based on the point of time when it received the synchronizing signal. That is, all the fire detectors can operate in synchronism with one another by receiving the synchronizing signal and adjusting the synchronism individually. Furthermore, because each fire detector performs the transmitting operation only while it receives the down-time slot B by using the third timer, it is possible to reduce useless power consumption. Furthermore, because each fire detector which finished the periodical communication halts the operation of the radio transmitter and receiver part 12 until it receives the synchronizing signal in the next super frame by using the first timer, it is possible to further reduce the useless power consumption.
  • the receiver 1 transmits the reply request message to all the fire detectors in the same down-time slot B as the synchronizing signal, it is possible to perform the periodical communication without increasing the transmission frequency from the receiver 1 to each fire detector even when the number of the fire detectors increases.
  • the transmission time duty becomes 0.1 (sec) ⁇ 2/300 (sec) ⁇ 100 ⁇ 0.067%, because the receiver 1 transmits the reply request message in the down-time slot B of the first frame F1 and it transmits the reception confirmation message in the time slot B of the second frame F2, in the super frame SF of 300 seconds.
  • the radio communication is performed by using the frequency which does not require the license, it is necessary to meet not only the Proposal of European Standard (Pr_ EN54-25) but also the European Radio Law. Because the limit value of the transmission time duty at the frequency for an alarm in the European Radio Law is less than 0.1 %, the fire alarm system of this embodiment meets this limitation.
  • the upper limit L1 of the number of times of the transmission from the receiver 1 to the fire detector is limited by the limit value of the transmission time duty.
  • the limit value of the transmission time duty at the frequency for an alarm is less than 0.1 %
  • the limit namely 36 times per one hour, it is possible that, when the receiver 1 could not receive the reply message normally, the receiver 1 transmits the down-time slots B collectively in successive frames and prohibits the transmission of the down-time slot B in the frames after the completion of the process.
  • the upper limit of the number of times of the transmission may be stored in the nonvolatile memory of the controller 4.
  • the upper limit of the number of times of the transmission such as 36 times per one hour, should be established between the receiver 1 and each fire detector 10 1 to 10 6 , and it is not necessary that such a restriction should be established in the whole system comprising the receiver 1 and the fire detectors 10 1 to 10 6 .
  • Step S1 of FIG. 9 When a certain fire detector 10 detects a fire by the detector 11, it judges whether the second timer is in the counting operation or not (Step S1 of FIG. 9). If the second timer is in the counting operation, the fire detector transmits a fire detection information for informing the receiver 1 of detection of a fire, as a substitute for the reply message of the periodical communication, to the receiver 1 as the message (Msg) at the time when the second timer expires, that is, in the up-time slot Di assigned for its own fire detector in the frame F1, and after that, it activates the fourth timer (Steps S2 and S3 of FIG. 9).
  • the fire detector transmits the fire detection information to the receiver 1 at the time when the fourth timer expires, that is, in the up-time slot Di assigned for its own fire detector in the frame, and after that, it activates the fourth timer (Steps S7 and S3 of FIG. 9).
  • the receiver 1 which received the fire detection information transmits the reception confirmation message of the fire detection information to the fire detector which transmitted the fire detection information, in the next down-time slot B. Then, the receiver 1 informs the system administrator of the fire by using the liquid crystal display 3b and the speaker 3c of the receiver 1.
  • Step S4 of FIG. 9 the fire detector which sent the fire detection information closes the switch 16 to receive the next down-time slot B, and after the reception, it activates the third timer again (Step S5 of FIG. 9). If the content of the message (Msg) of the down-time slot B is the reception confirmation message of the fire detection information, the fire detector which sent the fire detection information returns to the main routine (that is, the flow chart of FIG. 6) (Step S6 of FIG. 9).
  • the fire detector does not receive the reception confirmation message of the fire detection information, there is a possibility that the receiver 1 does not receive the fire detection information normally, so the fire detector retransmits the fire detection information at a point of time when the fourth timer expires (Steps S8 and S3 of FIG. 9). And then, the fire detector repeats from the Step S3 to the Steps S6 and S8 of FIG. 9 until it receivers the reception confirmation message from the receiver 1 so as to inform the receiver 1 of the occurrence of the fire reliably.
  • the second timer of the fire detector 10 3 since the second timer of the fire detector 10 3 had not expired yet at the time when the fire detector 10 3 detected the fire, it transmits the fire detection information to the receiver 1 in the up-time slot D3 of the frame F1 after the second timer expires.
  • the receiver 1 transmits the reception confirmation message of the fire detection information to the fire detector 10 3 in the down-time slot B of the second frame F2.
  • the fire detector 10 3 receives the reception confirmation message of the fire detection information in the down-time slot B of the second frame F2, it returns to the main routine. If the fire detector 10 3 does not receive the reception confirmation message of the fire detection information, it retransmits the fire detection information after the expiration of the fourth timer.
  • the receiver 1 also transmits the reception confirmation message of the fire detection information to the fire detector 10 2 in the down-time slot B of the third frame F3.
  • the fire detector 10 2 receives the reception confirmation message for the fire detection information in the down-time slot B of the third frame F3, it returns to the main routine. If the fire detector 10 2 does not receive the reception confirmation message for the fire detection information, it retransmits the fire detection information after the expiration of the fourth timer.
  • the fire detectors 10 3 and 10 2 send the fire detection information in a row until they receive the reception confirmation message of the fire detection information.
  • the upper limit of the number of times of the transmission in the super frame SF is set so that the transmission time duty does not exceed the limit value.
  • the fire detector 10 which detected the fire transmits the fire detection information to the receiver 1 in the next frame F(k+1), at the latest, of the frame F(k) in which the fire was detected, it is possible to transmit the fire detection information to the receiver 1 within 10 seconds, which is the period of the frame, after the fire detector detects the fire.
  • the European EN Standard EN54-25
  • the fire detector which received the reply request message sends the reply message again in the same up-time slot (see FIG. 8).
  • the fire detector which received the reply request message may send the reply message in a plurality of arbitrary up-time slots.
  • the fire detector 10 3 when the receiver 1 could not receive the reply message normally from the fire detector 10 3 assigned to the up-time slot D3 in the frame F1, the fire detector 10 3 resends the reply message in the two up-time slots D3 and D4 in the next frame F2.
  • the plurality of the up-time slots may be decided by using random number generated by the controller 13, or, the up-time slots having earlier numbers may be used.
  • each fire detector checks whether the detector ID of the transmitted data format corresponds with its own ID, and if the detector ID does not correspond, the fire detector discards the data (Step S12 of FIG. 12) and repeats the Steps S7, S8, S9 and S12 until it receives the reception confirmation message.
  • the fire detector whose ID corresponds with the detector ID of the transmitted data format accepts the reply request message, and it determines a plurality of up-time slot numbers by random numbers and so on.
  • the fire detector sets a plurality of timers to the beginning of each of the determined up-time slots, and when each timer expires, the fire detector operates the radio transmitter and receiver part 12 and transmits the reply message again (Step S13 of FIG. 12).
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing the operation for the periodical communication, it is preferable that each fire detector retransmits the fire detection information in a plurality of arbitrary up-time slots of the next frame even when the receiver 1 could not receive the fire detection information, as shown in the Step S8 of the FIG. 13. Because the Steps S1 to S7 of FIG. 13 are identical to the Steps S1 to S7 of FIG. 9, so no duplicate explanation is made here.
  • the receiver 1 may retransmit the reply request message while specifying one or more up-time slots in which the receiver could receive the message, and the fire detector which received the reply request message may resend the reply message to the receiver 1 in the specified one or more up-time slots.
  • the receiver 1 when the receiver could not receive the reply message from the fire detector 10 2 assigned to the up-time slot D2 in the frame F1, the receiver 1 selects one or more up-time slots, for example, two up-time slots D1 and D3, out of the up-time slots in which the receiver 1 could receive the reply message normally in the frame F1, and it transmits the reply request message again to the fire detector 10 2 while specifying the selected up-time slots D1 and D3.
  • the fire detector 10 2 resends the reply message in the specified up-time slots D1 and D3 in the second frame F2.
  • the receiver 1 may select the up-time slot having the lowest number out of the proven up-time slots Di when it selects the up-time slot Di.
  • the number of the up-time slots Di to be selected may be three or more as long as it is within the limit value of the transmission time duty.
  • the receiver 1 may transmit the reply request message again while specifying the up-time slots which are different for each frame. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, when the receiver 1 could not receive the reply message normally from the fire detector 10 2 assigned to the up-time slot D2 in the frame F1, the receiver 1 retransmits the reply request message while specifying the up-time slot D1 in the next frame F2, and retransmits the reply request message while specifying the up-time slot D3 which is different from the up-time slot D1 in the next frame F3.
  • the fire detector 10 2 resends the reply message in each of the specified up-time slots.
  • each fire detector sends the reply message once in response to the reply request message sent from the receiver 1, and only the fire detector to which the reply request message was individually sent sends the reply message several times. But, in order to send the reply message to the receiver 1 more reliably, each fire detector may send the reply message several times within the limit value of the transmission time duty.
  • the receiver 1 may calculate the upper limit of the number of times of the transmission from each fire detector to the receiver 1 allowed in one super frame by using the transmission time allowed in the one super frame SF, the time necessary for a single up-time slot and a single down-time slot, and the number of the up-time slots in one frame, and the receiver 1 may send the number of times of the transmission, which is less than or equal to the upper limit, to all the fire detectors together with the reply request message, and each fire detector may send the reply message to the receiver 1 in the up-time slots assigned for its own fire detector in one super frame until the number of times of the transmission reaches the transmitted (specified) number of times of the transmission.
  • T F T B + T D ⁇ i
  • the receiver 1 sends the reply request message to all the fire detectors while specifying the number of times of transmission which is less than or equal to 3 times, for example, twice, and each fire detector sends the reply message to the receiver 1 twice in one super frame. In this case, it is possible to increase the possibility that the receiver 1 receives the reply message.
  • conditions for calculating the above-mentioned upper limit such as the time width T SF of the super frame SF and the limit value Z% of the transmission time duty, are inputted by a contractor by operating the operation switches 3a of the informing part 3 during construction, and the process to calculate the above-mentioned upper limit is performed by the controller 4 of the receiver 1.
  • the receiver 1 has a sensor (namely, a detection means. Not shown.) for detecting signal strength of the received radio signal, and the receiver 1 relatively reduces the number of times of the transmission, to the fire detector which sent the radio signal with relatively high signal strength, and the receiver 1 relatively increases the number of times of the transmission within the upper limit, to the fire detector which sent the radio signal with relatively low signal strength.
  • the receiver 1 instructs the fire detector 10 1 to send the reply message only once
  • the receiver 1 instructs the fire detector 10 2 to send the reply message three times, which is the upper limit.
  • each fire detector when each fire detector transmits data to the receiver 1, it specifies its own detector ID in the detector ID (NodeID) of the data format shown in FIG. 4 and transmits the data.
  • the receiver 1 when the lower address (namely, the detector ID) of the unique address of each fire detector corresponds to the slot number in a one-to-one relationship, the receiver 1 can identify the detector ID of the fire detector which sent the data from the slot number. Therefore, it is preferable that each fire detector sends only the upper address (that is, the system ID (SysID)) derived from the unique address by loss of the lower address. In this case, it is possible to reduce the transmission time, whereby it is possible to reduce the power consumption.
  • the system ID system ID
  • the starting timing of the reception of the time slot including the synchronizing signal in the next super frame SF is estimated by the first timer.
  • the time that the first timer counts may have an error because of an error between the operation clock of the microcomputer which makes up the controller 13 and the operation clock of the microcomputer which makes up the controller 4 of the receiver 1.
  • the guard times of 15 milliseconds are provided at both ends of the up-time slot B and the down-time slot Di.
  • the absolute error allowed for each of the microcomputers of the controller 13 of the each fire detector and the controller 4 of the receiver 1 is ⁇ 25 ppm, so even when a crystal oscillator is used for the clock of the microcomputer, the cost may increase substantially in order to satisfy the above absolute error.
  • the controller 13 of the fire detector 10 calculates an error between the time from the end of the reception of the time slot including the synchronizing signal to the beginning of the reception of the time slot including the synchronizing signal in the next super frame, counted by the first timer, and an timing at which the fire detector actually receives the time slot including the synchronizing signal, and the controller 13 corrects the time counted by the timer from then on by using the calculated error.
  • the controller 13 it is possible to ease the permissible error of the operation clock of the microcomputer, whereby it is possible to reduce the cost.
  • the synchronizing signal is inserted only in the message (Msg) of the first frame of the super frame SF in this embodiment, the synchronizing signal may be inserted in the message (Msg) of the frames other than the first frame.
  • the informing part 3 of this embodiment comprises the liquid crystal display 3b and the speaker 3c
  • a plurality of receivers 1 may be connected to a central supervisory board through wires, and when the receiver 1 receives the fire detection information, the informing part 3 may transmit the fire detection information to the central supervisory board, and the central supervisory board may take necessary measures (for example, it may sound the fire alarm or it may alert the fire department).
  • the duration time of the frame which constitutes the super frame and the duration time of the time slot are not limited to the above numeric value, and of course, they should be changed as appropriate according to the fire alarm system based on the number of fire detectors and other various factors.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP05782278A 2005-06-08 2005-09-08 Systeme d'alarme incendie Not-in-force EP1855260B1 (fr)

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JP2005168719A JP4396584B2 (ja) 2005-06-08 2005-06-08 火災報知システム
PCT/JP2005/016505 WO2006131998A1 (fr) 2005-06-08 2005-09-08 Systeme d'alarme incendie

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US20100199339A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2010-08-05 Panasonic Corporation Mobile terminal device, wireless communication unit, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method
US8199002B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2012-06-12 Panasonic Corporation Wireless fire alarm system
US8401059B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2013-03-19 Panasonic Corporation Radio communication system
EP2672774A4 (fr) * 2011-02-02 2015-03-04 Panasonic Corp Système de communication sans fil
EP2897422A4 (fr) * 2012-09-12 2015-09-02 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Système de communication sans fil
FR3063594A1 (fr) * 2017-03-06 2018-09-07 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif et procede de communication selective de signaux
WO2019207261A1 (fr) 2018-04-26 2019-10-31 Finsecur Procédé de communication sans-fil entre au moins un terminal de détection d'un risque autonome énergétiquement et un organe communicant
FR3080727A1 (fr) * 2018-04-26 2019-11-01 Finsecur Procede de communication sans-fil entre au moins un terminal de detection d'un risque autonome energetiquement et un organe communicant
FR3080725A1 (fr) * 2018-04-26 2019-11-01 Finsecur Procede de communication sans-fil entre au moins un terminal de detection d'un risque autonome energetiquement et un organe communicant
EP4095819A1 (fr) * 2021-05-25 2022-11-30 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Système d'alarme et dispositif d'alarme

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EP1901256B1 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2012-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé destiné à la transmission radio dans une cellule de système de détection des dangers
JP5027517B2 (ja) * 2007-01-17 2012-09-19 パナソニック株式会社 無線伝送システム
JP4944804B2 (ja) * 2008-01-11 2012-06-06 パナソニック株式会社 火災警報システム
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JP5149684B2 (ja) * 2008-04-22 2013-02-20 パナソニック株式会社 火災警報システム
JP5015855B2 (ja) * 2008-04-24 2012-08-29 パナソニック株式会社 火災警報システム
JP5075014B2 (ja) * 2008-05-27 2012-11-14 パナソニック株式会社 火災警報システム
JP5222123B2 (ja) * 2008-12-19 2013-06-26 パナソニック株式会社 火災警報システム
JP2010134623A (ja) * 2008-12-03 2010-06-17 Nohmi Bosai Ltd 警報システム
JP5391056B2 (ja) * 2009-01-19 2014-01-15 パナソニック株式会社 無線通信システム
JP5314589B2 (ja) * 2009-02-23 2013-10-16 パナソニック株式会社 無線通信システム
JP5322705B2 (ja) * 2009-03-09 2013-10-23 能美防災株式会社 警報システム
JP5342305B2 (ja) * 2009-03-31 2013-11-13 パナソニック株式会社 火災警報システム
JP4525852B2 (ja) * 2009-11-02 2010-08-18 パナソニック電工株式会社 火災警報システム
JP5091956B2 (ja) * 2010-01-15 2012-12-05 パナソニック株式会社 火災警報システム
JP5705012B2 (ja) * 2011-04-28 2015-04-22 能美防災株式会社 火災報知設備
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JP5369144B2 (ja) * 2011-06-27 2013-12-18 パナソニック株式会社 無線通信システム
JP5391321B2 (ja) * 2012-09-14 2014-01-15 パナソニック株式会社 火災警報システム
JP2014204423A (ja) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-27 パナソニック株式会社 無線通信システム
JP6481918B2 (ja) * 2013-04-10 2019-03-13 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 無線通信システム
JP6074852B2 (ja) * 2013-04-10 2017-02-08 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 無線通信システム
JP2015038681A (ja) * 2013-08-19 2015-02-26 ホーチキ株式会社 無線防災システム
JP2016134791A (ja) * 2015-01-20 2016-07-25 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 負荷制御装置、通信装置および負荷制御システム
JP6566353B2 (ja) * 2015-08-07 2019-08-28 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 自動火災報知システムの子機、自動火災報知システム、および自動火災報知システムの親機
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JP7378055B2 (ja) 2019-07-02 2023-11-13 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 通信装置、サブ通信システム、通信システム、通信方法、及びプログラム
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8199002B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2012-06-12 Panasonic Corporation Wireless fire alarm system
US8401059B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2013-03-19 Panasonic Corporation Radio communication system
US20100199339A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2010-08-05 Panasonic Corporation Mobile terminal device, wireless communication unit, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method
US8295483B2 (en) * 2007-06-19 2012-10-23 Panasonic Corporation Mobile terminal device, wireless communication unit, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method
EP2128834A1 (fr) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-02 Honeywell International Inc. Système d'alarme à grand déploiement peu onéreux doté d'une surveillance de l'alarme et d'élaboration de rapports
EP2672774A4 (fr) * 2011-02-02 2015-03-04 Panasonic Corp Système de communication sans fil
EP2897422A4 (fr) * 2012-09-12 2015-09-02 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Système de communication sans fil
FR3063594A1 (fr) * 2017-03-06 2018-09-07 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif et procede de communication selective de signaux
WO2019207261A1 (fr) 2018-04-26 2019-10-31 Finsecur Procédé de communication sans-fil entre au moins un terminal de détection d'un risque autonome énergétiquement et un organe communicant
FR3080727A1 (fr) * 2018-04-26 2019-11-01 Finsecur Procede de communication sans-fil entre au moins un terminal de detection d'un risque autonome energetiquement et un organe communicant
FR3080725A1 (fr) * 2018-04-26 2019-11-01 Finsecur Procede de communication sans-fil entre au moins un terminal de detection d'un risque autonome energetiquement et un organe communicant
EP4095819A1 (fr) * 2021-05-25 2022-11-30 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Système d'alarme et dispositif d'alarme

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DE602005023219D1 (de) 2010-10-07
EP1855260B1 (fr) 2010-08-25
WO2006131998A1 (fr) 2006-12-14
JP4396584B2 (ja) 2010-01-13
JP2006343983A (ja) 2006-12-21
DK1855260T3 (da) 2010-10-04
EP1855260A4 (fr) 2008-11-26
ATE479174T1 (de) 2010-09-15

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