EP1826792B1 - Chambre de coupure d'un disjoncteur haute tension avec un volume de chauffage recevant le gaz de soufflage généré par l'arc - Google Patents

Chambre de coupure d'un disjoncteur haute tension avec un volume de chauffage recevant le gaz de soufflage généré par l'arc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1826792B1
EP1826792B1 EP06405084A EP06405084A EP1826792B1 EP 1826792 B1 EP1826792 B1 EP 1826792B1 EP 06405084 A EP06405084 A EP 06405084A EP 06405084 A EP06405084 A EP 06405084A EP 1826792 B1 EP1826792 B1 EP 1826792B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching chamber
heating volume
heating
chamber according
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP06405084A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1826792A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Dahlquist
Christian Franck
Martin Seeger
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to AT06405084T priority Critical patent/ATE407442T1/de
Priority to DE502006001492T priority patent/DE502006001492D1/de
Priority to EP06405084A priority patent/EP1826792B1/fr
Priority to CN2007800068816A priority patent/CN101390179B/zh
Priority to PCT/CH2007/000056 priority patent/WO2007098619A1/fr
Priority to JP2008556627A priority patent/JP2009528653A/ja
Publication of EP1826792A1 publication Critical patent/EP1826792A1/fr
Priority to US12/200,379 priority patent/US20080314873A1/en
Publication of EP1826792B1 publication Critical patent/EP1826792B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H2033/888—Deflection of hot gasses and arcing products

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a heating volume according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a switch with such a switching chamber.
  • the switching chamber of the type mentioned allows the switching off of short-circuit currents in the range of 50 and more kA in the voltage range of up to a few hundred kV. It contains an axially symmetrical contact arrangement with two along a axis relative to each other movable arcing contacts, an insulating, a lsolierangesdüse, a heating volume and between the insulating and Isolierangesdüse partially axially guided and an arc zone with the heating volume connecting heating channel.
  • a high-power arc receiving arc zone When switching off a short-circuit current, a high-power arc receiving arc zone is limited when switching off a short-circuit current in the axial direction of the two arcing contacts and in the radial direction of the insulating and the Isolierangesdüse.
  • Hot gas formed by the switching arc is guided by the arc zone via a heating channel into a heating volume coaxial with the contact pieces.
  • the supplied hot gas is mixed with already existing cold gas and performed on approaching the current to be disconnected to a zero crossing as quenching gas for blowing the switching arc in the arc zone.
  • the breaking capacity of a high-voltage switch equipped with this switching chamber which is determined by the dielectric strength of the switching chamber, depends on the density of the extinguishing gas, ie on the pressure and the temperature of the extinguishing gas. If hot and cold gas are mixed only incompletely with each other, then, after the zero crossing of the short-circuit current in the heating volume, hot gas bubbles may still be present, which return to the arc zone with the extinguishing gas and may possibly lead to undesirable restrike.
  • Embodiments of a switching chamber of the type mentioned are described in DE 39 15 700 A1 and DE 199 36 987 C1 ,
  • this switch chamber opens an axially symmetric and designed as a hollow body heating channel with an inwardly inclined to the symmetry axis outer surface in a heating volume.
  • an in Fig.1 from DE 199 36 987 C1 illustrated embodiment of the switching chamber of the heating channel opens with an inwardly inclined to an axis of symmetry of the switching chamber and in the manner of a hollow truncated cone tapered section into the heating volume.
  • Another switching chamber is in DE 199 10 166 A1 described.
  • This switching chamber communicates formed during switching off and two arc contacts axially limited arc zone via an axisymmetric heating channel with a formed in the manner of a torus heating volume.
  • the heating channel opens into the heating volume with a section inclined outwards relative to the axis of symmetry. Hot gas formed by a switching arc in the arc zone therefore enters the heating volume with a velocity component guided outwards away from the axis.
  • the object is to provide a switching chamber of the type mentioned in the cold gas and generated when switching off hot gas to form a high quality extinguishing gas are mixed with simple means effectively and so a good breaking performance the switching chamber and a switch equipped with this switching chamber is ensured.
  • the heating channel opening into the heating volume with a portion inclined inwardly against an axis has a largely constant cross-section over its entire length.
  • the flow rate of the hot gas is kept constant while maintaining an inwardly directed velocity component throughout the mouth portion. The likelihood of undesirable premature vortex formation in the heating channel due to flow inhomogeneities is thus reduced.
  • hot gas flowing into the heating volume has an inwardly directed velocity component and is guided along an axially aligned inner wall of the heating volume to a rear wall which limits the heating volume axially in the flow direction.
  • the inward velocity component prevents detachment of the hot gas flow from the inner wall and therefore allows deep penetration of the hot gas into the heating volume in areas near the axis.
  • cool quenching gas to the incoming hot gas only a relatively small flow resistance, so that the speed of the incoming hot gas is not significantly reduced.
  • a vortex formation which promotes the mixing of the hot gas with cool quenching gas therefore only takes place in a relatively large distance from the mouth of the heating channel into the heating volume.
  • the formed vortex Due to the low viscosity of the hot gas, the formed vortex remains largely stable over a comparatively large period of several milliseconds, so that cool gas is obtained over this period at the mouth of the heating channel into the heating volume.
  • cool gas is obtained over this period at the mouth of the heating channel into the heating volume.
  • the inwardly inclined course of the mouth portion allows a reduction of the dimensions of the heating volume in the radial direction.
  • An insulating auxiliary nozzle delimiting the heating channel on its inside can be attached to the Opening point of the heating channel are bevelled into the heating volume, so that the inner wall of the heating volume is then formed by a small diameter having contact carrier of an arcing contact of the switching chamber.
  • the outer diameter of the heating volume can therefore be reduced and thus the manufacturing costs of the switching chamber can be reduced.
  • this edge facilitates the detachment of the hot gas flow from the lateral surface and at the same time additionally favors the formation of the vortex on the rear wall of the heating volume.
  • a vortex promoting the mixing of hot gas and cold gas is thus reliably formed downstream of the edge, which leads to an extinguishing gas of good quality even in the case of low-power switching arcs.
  • a further improvement of the leadership of the hot gas flow and thus also the dielectric properties of the quenching gas is achieved in that the sharp edge is arranged on a projecting in the manner of a nose into the heating volume ring.
  • the advantageous effects of the inclined heating channel are largely retained if the mouth section has at least two partial channels extending in the direction of inclination and arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction. This is especially true when the sub-channels each have a running in the manner of a banana cross-sectional profile.
  • the flow rate of the hot gas can also be kept constant while maintaining an inwardly directed velocity component in the entire mouth section. The likelihood of undesirable premature vortex formation in the heating channel due to flow inhomogeneities is thus reduced.
  • the mouth section is formed as a hollow truncated cone tapering in the direction of inclination, then the constant cross section in the mouth section is achieved in that the inner surface of the hollow Truncated cone is more inclined than the lateral surface.
  • Such a sizing of the heating volume favors the formation and stabilization of the vortex in a portion of the heating volume downstream of the orifice.
  • the heating volume is designed in the manner of a torus and has a predominantly rectangular cross-section in the circumferential direction, then it is advantageous for the formation and stabilization of the hot gas vortex and thus also for the quality of the extinguishing gas obtained by mixing hot and cold gas the ratio of the length of the torus in the axial direction to the height of the torus in the radial direction is between 1 and 3.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated switching chamber of a high voltage circuit breaker contains a with a compressed insulating gas, such as based on sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide or mixtures of these gases with each other, for example, air, filled and largely axially symmetric designed housing 1 and a recorded from the switching chamber housing 1 and also largely axially symmetrical designed contact assembly 2.
  • a compressed insulating gas such as based on sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide or mixtures of these gases with each other, for example, air
  • a compressed insulating gas such as based on sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide or mixtures of these gases with each other, for example, air
  • a compressed insulating gas such as based on sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide or mixtures of these gases with each other, for example, air
  • a compressed insulating gas such as based on sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen,
  • the arcing contact 4 does not necessarily have to be fixed, it can also be designed to be movable.
  • the two arcing contacts 3, 4 are coaxially covered by an insulating nozzle 6 and a heating volume 7 for storing quenching gas.
  • the heating volume 7 is designed in the manner of a torus with a rectangular cross-section in the circumferential direction. With a switch designed for nominal voltages of typically 200 to 300 kV and for a nominal short-circuit breaking current of typically 50 to 70 kA, the heating volume 7 can generally accommodate approximately 1 to 2 liters of pressurized extinguishing gas.
  • the left end of the arcing contact 4 is inserted in an electrically conductive manner in the right end of the tubular arc contact 3.
  • the - like Fig.1 is removable - burns in an arc zone 9.
  • the arc zone 9 is axially bounded by the two arc contacts 3, 4 and axially by the insulating nozzle 6 and an insulating auxiliary nozzle 11.
  • the arc zone 9 communicates with a heating channel 10.
  • the heating channel 10 is partially axially guided between the insulating nozzle 6 and the insulating auxiliary nozzle 11 and opens into the heating volume 7 with an inwardly inclined portion 5 against the axis 5.
  • the angle of inclination is ⁇ .
  • the insulating auxiliary nozzle 11 comprises the free end of the arcing contact 3 formed by contact fingers in the circumferential direction.
  • the pressure in the arc zone 9 is generally greater than in the heating volume 7.
  • the heating channel 10 then leads from the arc 8 formed hot gas in the heating volume 7. Leaves the heating effect of the arc 8 as it approaches the zero crossing of the current , so there is a flow reversal. Gas stored in the heating volume 7 flows as quenching gas via the heating channel 10 into the arc zone 9 and there blows the arc 8 at least until it is extinguished in the current zero crossing.
  • the quality of the extinguishing gas stored in the heating volume 7 for arc blowing and thus also the breaking capacity of the switching chamber depend on the gas density determined by the pressure and temperature of the extinguishing gas. Pressure and temperature are determined primarily by current intensity and duration of the switching arc, but also by the shape and volume of the heating volume 7. While the size of the heating volume 7 only affects the pressure build-up, the shape of the heating volume, the gas mixing and thus the quenching gas temperature are affected , However, the quality of the extinguishing gas also depends substantially on the flow behavior of the hot gas on the way from the arc zone 9 into the heating volume 7.
  • the mouth portion 12 inclined inwardly into the heating chamber 7 receives the indicated by a double arrow 13 hot gas an inwardly directed velocity component and is guided along a tubular contact carrier 14 of the arcing contact 3 to a heating volume in the flow direction axially limiting the rear wall 15.
  • the inward velocity component prevents detachment of the hot gas flow 13 from the contact carrier 14, which forms the axially aligned inner wall of the heating volume 7, and thus allows deep penetration of the hot gas flow 13 into the heating volume in areas near the axis.
  • a mixing of the hot gas 13 with cold gas 16 promoting swirling therefore takes place only far from the junction of the heating channel 10 in the heating volume 7 away.
  • a hot gas vortex 17 formed during the turbulence remains largely stable over a comparatively large period of several milliseconds, so that over this Period at the mouth of the heating channel into the heating volume of cold gas 18 is maintained.
  • the cold gas 18 As a particularly high-quality quenching gas for blowing the switching arc available. Also, a later-acting portion of the extinguishing gas, which was formed by intensive mixing of the hot gas vortex 17 in the rear part of the heating volume 7 with the cold gas 16 is of high quality and thus ensures that short-circuit currents of different levels and duration can be successfully interrupted.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ can be up to 45 °. At larger angles, the hot gas flow tends to prematurely detach from the contact carrier 14.
  • a well-trained axial guidance of the hot gas 13 into the interior of the heating volume 7 at the same time kept small outside diameter of the heating volume is achieved with inclination angles ⁇ , which are between 10 ° and 30 °.
  • the mouth portion 12 is designed in the manner of a tapering in the direction of inclination, hollow truncated cone.
  • the hollow truncated cone can be formed by conically tapering the Isolierwhisdüse 11 to form an inner surface 19 of the hollow truncated cone acting conical surface molding a acting as a lateral surface 20 of the truncated cone conical surface in the insulating nozzle 6 and then setting the Isolieragisdüse 11 on the contact carrier 14 and the insulating nozzle 6 at the marked with the reference numeral 21 outer wall of the heating volume 7 can be achieved.
  • the heating channel 10 has over its entire length largely constant cross-section.
  • the flow rate of the hot gas is therefore largely constant in the entire heating channel, in particular in the mouth section 12.
  • the probability of undesirable premature vortex formation in the heating channel 10 due to flow inhomogeneities is kept so low.
  • the constant cross section in the mouth section 12 is achieved in that the surface 19 is inclined more than the surface 20.
  • the lateral surface 20 is delimited at the transition from the mouth section 12 into the heating volume 7 by a sharp edge 22 designed as a ring. This edge facilitates the detachment of the hot gas flow 13 from the lateral surface 20 and therefore favors the formation of the vortex 17 only at the rear wall 15 of the heating volume.
  • the radius of the edge 22 is typically 0.1 to 1 mm.
  • the edge 22 is arranged on a ring 23 protruding into the heating volume in the manner of a nose.
  • the ring 23 provides improved guidance of the hot gas flow 13 in the mouth region.
  • the mouth portion 12 may also be shaped differently. From the FIGS. 3 and 4 it can be seen that the mouth portion circumferentially offset from each other arranged sub-channels 12 '( Figure 3 ) and 12 "( Figure 4 ), which, as in Figure 3 represented approximately circular cross-section or as out Figure 4 can be seen in the form of a banana cross-sectional profile.
  • the ratio of the length of the torus in the axial direction to the height of the torus in the radial volume is between 1 and 3 in the radial direction.

Claims (11)

  1. Chambre de coupure pour un disjoncteur haute tension à isolation au gaz avec un agencement de contacts (2), contenant deux contacts d'arc (3, 4) mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre le long d'un axe (5), une buse d'isolation (6), une buse auxiliaire d'isolation (11), un volume de chauffage (7) et un canal de chauffage (10) guidé en partie axialement entre la buse d'isolation (6) et la buse auxiliaire d'isolation (11) et reliant une zone d'arc (9) au volume de chauffage (7), ce canal de chauffage (10) débouchant dans le volume de chauffage par une portion (12) inclinée vers l'intérieur vers l'axe (5), caractérisée en ce que le canal de chauffage (10) présente une section transversale essentiellement constante sur toute sa longueur.
  2. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'angle d'inclinaison (α) vaut au maximum 45°.
  3. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'angle d'inclinaison (α) est compris entre 10° et 30°.
  4. Chambre de coupure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la portion d'embouchure (12) est réalisée à la manière d'un tronc de cône creux se rétrécissant dans la direction d'inclinaison.
  5. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce qu'une surface conique de la buse auxiliaire d'isolation (11), servant de surface intérieure (19) du tronc de cône, est plus fortement inclinée qu'une surface conique de la buse d'isolation (6) agissant en tant que surface d'enveloppe (20) du tronc de cône.
  6. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la surface d'enveloppe (20) est limitée à la transition de la portion d'embouchure (12) dans le volume de chauffage (7) par une arête vive (22) réalisée sous forme de bague.
  7. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que l'arête vive (22) est disposée sur une bague (23) saillant à la manière d'un nez dans le volume de chauffage (7).
  8. Chambre de coupure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la portion d'embouchure (12) présente au moins deux canaux partiels (12', 12'') s'étendant dans la direction d'inclinaison et disposés de manière décalée l'un par rapport à l'autre dans la direction périphérique.
  9. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les canaux partiels (12") présentent chacun un profil de section transversale en forme de banane.
  10. Chambre de coupure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le volume de chauffage (7) est réalisé sous forme de tore et présente, dans la direction périphérique, une section transversale essentiellement rectangulaire, le rapport de la longueur du tore dans la direction axiale à la hauteur du tore dans la direction radiale étant compris entre 1 et 3.
  11. Disjoncteur haute tension comprenant une chambre de coupure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10.
EP06405084A 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Chambre de coupure d'un disjoncteur haute tension avec un volume de chauffage recevant le gaz de soufflage généré par l'arc Active EP1826792B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT06405084T ATE407442T1 (de) 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Schaltkammer eines hochspannungsschalters mit einem heizvolumen zur aufnahme von schaltlichtbogenerzeugtem löschgas
DE502006001492T DE502006001492D1 (de) 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Schaltkammer eines Hochspannungsschalters mit einem Heizvolumen zur Aufnahme von schaltlichtbogenerzeugtem Löschgas
EP06405084A EP1826792B1 (fr) 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Chambre de coupure d'un disjoncteur haute tension avec un volume de chauffage recevant le gaz de soufflage généré par l'arc
PCT/CH2007/000056 WO2007098619A1 (fr) 2006-02-28 2007-02-06 Chambre de commutation pour commutateur a haute tension a volume chauffe pour reprise d'un gaz d'extinction produit par l'arc electrique de commutation
CN2007800068816A CN101390179B (zh) 2006-02-28 2007-02-06 高压开关的具有用于容纳由切换电弧产生的灭弧气体的加热容积的灭弧室
JP2008556627A JP2009528653A (ja) 2006-02-28 2007-02-06 スイッチング・アークにより作り出されるクエンチング・ガスを保持するための加熱ボリュームを有する高電圧スイッチのためのスイッチング・チャンバ
US12/200,379 US20080314873A1 (en) 2006-02-28 2008-08-28 Switching chamber for a high-voltage switch having a heating volume for holding quenching gas produced by switching arcs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06405084A EP1826792B1 (fr) 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Chambre de coupure d'un disjoncteur haute tension avec un volume de chauffage recevant le gaz de soufflage généré par l'arc

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1826792A1 EP1826792A1 (fr) 2007-08-29
EP1826792B1 true EP1826792B1 (fr) 2008-09-03

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EP06405084A Active EP1826792B1 (fr) 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Chambre de coupure d'un disjoncteur haute tension avec un volume de chauffage recevant le gaz de soufflage généré par l'arc

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080314873A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1826792B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009528653A (fr)
CN (1) CN101390179B (fr)
AT (1) ATE407442T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502006001492D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007098619A1 (fr)

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AU2013347028B2 (en) * 2012-11-13 2017-05-18 Hitachi Energy Ltd Contact system
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502006001492D1 (de) 2008-10-16
CN101390179A (zh) 2009-03-18
CN101390179B (zh) 2011-12-14
WO2007098619A1 (fr) 2007-09-07
EP1826792A1 (fr) 2007-08-29
JP2009528653A (ja) 2009-08-06
US20080314873A1 (en) 2008-12-25
ATE407442T1 (de) 2008-09-15

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