Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
  • C03C25/10—Coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
  • C03C25/10—Coating
  • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
  • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
  • C03C25/10—Coating
  • C03C25/42—Coatings containing inorganic materials
  • C03C25/44—Carbon, e.g. graphite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
  • C03C25/10—Coating
  • C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
  • C03C25/47—Coatings containing composite materials containing particles, fibres or flakes, e.g. in a continuous phase
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
  • Y10T428/249933—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a natural or synthetic rubber matrix
  • Y10T428/249937—Fiber is precoated
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
  • Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2962—Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament

Definitions

• the present invention relates to glass strands coated with an electrically conductive size for reinforcing organic materials of the polymer type, so as to obtain composite materials.
• the reinforcing glass threads are produced by mechanical drawing of molten glass threads flowing from the multiple orifices of a die filled with molten glass, by gravity under the effect of the hydrostatic pressure linked to the height of the liquid, to form filaments which are gathered in base son, which son are then collected on a suitable support.
• the glass filaments are coated with a sizing composition, generally aqueous, by passing on a sizing member.
• the role of the sizing is essential in many ways.
• the yarns protects the filaments from the abrasion resulting from the friction of the latter, at high speed, on the drawing and winding members of the thread by acting as a lubricant.
• the size also gives cohesion to the wire by ensuring the connection of the filaments between them.
• the wire sufficiently integrated to withstand the rewinding operations necessary to form including rovings "assembled" from several basic son, and also eliminates electrostatic charges generated during these operations.
• the size improves the impregnation of the yarn by the matrix to be reinforced and promotes adhesion between the glass and said matrix, thus leading to composite materials with improved mechanical properties.
• the sizing protects the wires from chemical and environmental aggressions, which contributes to increasing their durability. In applications requiring cutting the thread, the size allows to avoid the bursting and the release of the filaments, and it participates with the over-image to disperse the electrostatic charges generated during cutting.
• the glass threads in their various forms are commonly used to effectively reinforce dies of various kinds, for example thermoplastic or thermosetting organic materials, and inorganic materials, for example cement.
• the invention is concerned here with reinforcing yarns which are incorporated in thermosetting polymer matrices to manufacture either impregnated mats or "Sheet Molding Compounds" (SMC) which can be shaped directly by molding in a mold. hot pressurized mold, ie pasta intended to be molded by the BuIk Molding Compound (BMC) technique.
• SMC Sheet Molding Compounds
• An SMC is a semi-finished product which combines a mat of glass yarn and a paste of a thermosetting resin, in particular chosen from polyesters.
• glass acts as reinforcement and provides mechanical properties and dimensional stability to castings. It generally represents 25 to 60% of the weight of the MSC. Most often, glass is in the form of chopped strands, although continuous strands can be used for some applications.
• the paste comprises the thermosetting resin and fillers, optionally additives such as initiators, viscosity regulators and mold release agents.
• the SMC is manufactured by depositing a first layer of paste on a film supported by a conveyor belt, by cutting son unwound from rovings by means of a rotary cutter with a length of
• the wires being distributed randomly (isotropically distributed), and depositing a second layer of film-supported paste, the resin face being directed towards the glass.
• the combination of the different layers then passes into the air gap of one or more calendering devices in order to impregnate the glass threads with the resin and to evacuate the trapped air.
• the SMC has yet to undergo a ripening treatment which aims to raise the viscosity of the resin to a value of 40-100 Pa.s imposed to enable it to be molded under good conditions.
• the molding from SMC allows the production of individual parts, in medium or large series, which are inexpensive, particularly because the SMC is deposited directly in the mold without having to make a precise cut to the dimensions of this one. .
• What distinguishes the BMC from the SMC is the form that is here a paste intended to be injected into a mold in compression.
• the parts produced by these molding techniques are particularly used in the automotive field to replace body parts or protection against shocks that are currently metal, especially steel.
• the painting operation of metal parts is carried out by cataphoresis: it consists in depositing, electrostatically, one or more layers of primer (s) to obtain a "smoothing" of the surface, and paint (s) .
• the composite parts can not be used as such because the polymeric material has an electrical insulator character. It is therefore necessary to make them conductive for use on conventional painting lines operating by cataphoresis.
• composition for use in molding processes which comprises a crosslinkable prepolymer, at least one unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the prepolymer, an initiator of the copolymerization and electrically conductive fillers, for example graphite, metal-coated particles or metal particles.
• the implementation of the composition is made difficult by the high content of conductive charges necessary to obtain a good level of conduction.
• the conductive fillers are incorporated directly into the matrix, which causes a significant increase in viscosity: the impregnation of the glass wire is made more difficult and the pressure to be applied for molding must be increased.
• the solution of increasing the amount of solvent to reduce the viscosity has other disadvantages: it decreases the mechanical properties of the composite and generates micro-bubbles that affects the quality of the surface finish of the final parts.
• the present invention aims to provide reinforcing son which are particularly suitable for the realization of SMC, and which are able to conduct the electric current, so as to obtain moldings of composite materials that can be treated by cataphoresis.
• the invention relates to glass threads coated with an aqueous sizing composition which comprises at least one film-forming agent, at least one compound chosen from plasticizers, surfactants and dispersing agents, at least one agent coupling of glass and electroconductive particles.
• "glass threads coated with a sizing composition which comprises " means not only glass threads coated with the composition in question as obtained at the immediate exit of the one or more sizing members, but also these same son having undergone one or more subsequent treatments.
• the term "son” is understood to mean the basic threads resulting from the non-twisted gathering of a multitude of filaments, and the products derived from these yarns, especially the assemblies of these rovings. Such assemblies can be obtained by unwinding simultaneously several windings of basic son, and then gathering them in locks which are wound on a rotating support. It can also be "direct" rovings of the same title (or linear density) equivalent to that of assembled rovings, obtained by the gathering of filaments directly under the die and the winding on a rotating support.
• aqueous sizing composition means a composition capable of being deposited on the filaments being drawn and which is in the form of a suspension or a dispersion comprising at least 70 % by weight of water, preferably 75% and possibly containing less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% of one or more essentially organic solvents that can help to solubilize certain constituents of the sizing composition .
• the composition does not contain an organic solvent, in particular to limit emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) into the atmosphere.
• the film-forming agent according to the invention has several roles: it confers the mechanical cohesion of the coating by adhering the conductive particles to the glass filaments and ensuring the connection of these particles together, where appropriate with the material to be reinforced; it helps to bind the filaments to each other; Finally, it protects the wires against mechanical damage and chemical and environmental aggressions.
• the film-forming agent is a polymer chosen from vinyl polyacetates (homopolymers or copolymers, for example copolymers of vinyl acetate and ethylene), polyesters, epoxies, polyacrylics (homopolymers or copolymers), polyurethanes, polyamides (homopolymers or copolymers, for example polyamide-polystyrene or polyamide-polyoxyethylene block copolymers), cellulosic polymers and mixtures of these compounds.
• Polyvinyl acetate, epoxy and polyurethanes are preferred.
• the plasticizing agent makes it possible to lower the glass transition temperature of the film-forming agent, which gives flexibility to the size and makes it possible to limit the shrinkage after drying.
• the surfactant improves the suspension and dispersion of the conductive particles and promotes compatibility between the other constituents and the water. It can be chosen from cationic, anionic or nonionic compounds.
• cationic or nonionic surfactants In order to avoid problems of stability of the sizing composition and inhomogeneous dispersion of the particles, it is preferred to use cationic or nonionic surfactants.
• the dispersing agent helps disperse the conductive particles in the water and reduces their sedimentation.
• the plasticizers, surfactants and dispersants may have one or more functions specific to each of the categories mentioned above.
• the choice of these agents and the amount to be used depends on the film-forming agent and the conductive particles.
• These agents may especially be chosen from:> organic compounds, in particular - optionally halogenated polyalkoxylated, aliphatic or aromatic compounds, such as ethoxylated / propoxylated alkyphenols, preferably containing 1 to 30 ethylene oxide groups and 0 to 15 groups; propylene oxide, ethoxylated / propoxylated bisphenols, preferably containing 1 to 40 ethylene oxide groups and 0 to 20 propylene oxide groups, the ethoxylated / propoxylated fatty alcohols, preferably of which the alkyl chain comprises 8 to 20 carbon atoms; and containing 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups and up to 20 propylene oxide groups.
• These polyalkoxylated compounds may be block or random copolymers,
• polyalkoxylated fatty acid esters for example of polyethylene glycol, preferably having an alkyl chain containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms and containing 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups and up to 20 propylene oxide groups, the compounds amines, for example amines, optionally alkoxylated, amine oxides, alkylamides, succinates and taurates of sodium, potassium or ammonium, derivatives of sugars including sorbitan, sodium alkylsulfates and alkylphosphates, potassium or ammonium.
• Inorganic compounds, for example derivatives of silica these compounds may be used alone or in admixture with the aforementioned organic compounds.
• the electrically conductive particles make it possible to impart electrical conductivity to the glass strands and the level of performance depends on the amount of particles present on the strand.
• these are carbon-based particles, in particular graphite particles and / or carbon black particles.
• the particles may have any shape, for example spherical, scaly or needle. Nevertheless, it has been found that the electrical conductivity of a mixture of particles of different shapes is improved with respect to the same quantity of particles of identical shape. Mixtures combining two forms (binary mixture) or three forms (ternary mixture) of particles are advantageous.
• the conductive particles Preferably, 30 to 60% of the conductive particles have an aspect ratio
• particle size is an important parameter for electrical conductivity. As a general rule, the particle size taken in their largest dimension does not exceed 250 ⁇ m, preferably 100 ⁇ m.
• the above-mentioned particles are combined with a conductive carbon black powder with a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably having a mean size of less than 100 nm. Because of their small size, carbon black particles make it possible to create points of contact between the graphite particles, which makes it possible to further improve the electrical conductivity.
• the coupling agent makes it possible to ensure that the size is adhered to the surface of the glass.
• the coupling agent is chosen from hydrolysable compounds, especially in an acidic medium containing, for example, citric or acetic acid, belonging to the group consisting of silanes such as gamma-glycidoxypropyltri-methoxysilane, gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, poly (oxyethylene / oxypropylene) trimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane or styrylaminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, siloxanes, titanates, zirconates and mixtures of these compounds.
• the silanes are selected.
• one or more other constituents may be present.
• a viscosity regulating agent which makes it possible to adjust the viscosity of the composition to the conditions of application on the filaments, generally between 5 and 80 mPa.s, preferably at least equal to 7 mPa.s.
• This agent also makes it possible to stabilize the dispersion of the particles so as to prevent them from sedimenting too rapidly, and that they migrate outwards and end up on the surface of the winding during winding of the wire.
• the viscosity regulating agent is chosen from compounds that are highly hydrophilic, that is to say capable of capturing a large quantity of water, such as carboxymethylcelluloses, guar gums or xanthan gums, carrageenans, alginates, polyacrylics, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, especially with a molecular weight greater than 100,000, and mixtures of these compounds.
• the size may also comprise the usual glass fiber additives: lubricating agents such as mineral oils, fatty esters, for example isopropyl palmitate or butyl stearate, and alkylamines, complexing agents such as derivatives of EDTA and gallic acid, and anti-foam agents such as silicones, polyols and vegetable oils.
• lubricating agents such as mineral oils, fatty esters, for example isopropyl palmitate or butyl stearate, and alkylamines
• complexing agents such as derivatives of EDTA and gallic acid
• anti-foam agents such as silicones, polyols and vegetable oils.
• All the compounds mentioned above contribute to obtaining glass threads that can be easily manufactured, can be used as reinforcements, which are incorporated without problem with the resin during the manufacture of the composites and moreover possess properties of electrical conduction.
• the amount of sizing represents 2 to 7% of the weight of the final wire, preferably 3.5 to 6%.
• the conductive wire according to the invention may be glass of any kind, for example E, C, R, AR and reduced boron level (less than 6%). E and AR glasses are preferred.
• the diameter of the glass filaments constituting the wires may vary to a large extent, for example 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
• wide variations can occur in the linear density of the wire used, such as a assembled roving wire, which can range from 68 to 4800 tex depending on the applications concerned, this wire being consisting of basic son whose linear density varies from 17 to 320 tex.
• the invention also relates to the sizing composition itself, before it is deposited on the glass filaments. It includes the constituents mentioned above and water.
• the sizing composition comprises (in% by weight):
• additives preferably 0 to 3%.
• the amount of water to be used is determined so as to obtain a solid content (solids content) which varies from 8 to 35%, preferably from 12 to 25%.
• the preparation of the sizing composition is carried out in the following manner: a) a dispersion D of the conductive particles is produced in water containing the dispersing agent, b) the other components of the sizing are introduced, namely film-forming agents, plasticizers, surfactants, coupling in hydrolysed form and optionally viscosity regulators and additives, in water to form an emulsion E, and c) mixing the dispersion D and emulsion E.
• steps a) and c) are carried out with sufficient agitation to prevent the risk of sedimentation of the conductive particles.
• a viscosity control agent When a viscosity control agent is used, it is introduced in step b) first in the form of an aqueous solution, optionally heated to about 80 ° C in order to have a better dissolution.
• the dispersion D is stable under the usual storage conditions, at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. It can be used in particular without major inconvenience for a period of about 6 months, if necessary by subjecting it to agitation before use if the particles have sedimented.
• the sizing composition is to be used almost immediately after being prepared, preferably in a period of time not exceeding about 4 days under the aforementioned storage conditions.
• the particles that have sedimented can be dispersed again without the qualities of the composition being affected.
• the aqueous solution is deposited on the filaments before their gathering in base wire (s). Water is usually removed by drying the wires after collection.
• the subject of the invention is also a composite material, in particular an SMC or a BMC, combining at least one thermosetting polymer material and reinforcing threads, said threads being made up of all or part of glass threads coated with the composition of sizing previously described.
• the level of glass within the composite material is generally between 5 and 60% by weight.
• the composite material is in the form of a SMC having a glass content of between 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 20 to 45%.
• the material is in the form of a BMC having a glass content of between 5 and 20% by weight.
• the thermosetting polymer material is a phenolic resin.
• the subject of the invention is also the use of the sized glass wires according to the invention for the production of electrically conductive molded parts using the compression molding technique, said wires being used in particular in the form of SMC. or BMC.
• the moldings can be painted on usual lines applying the paint by cataphoresis, especially for the production of auto parts.
• a part molded from SMC or BMC is suitable for being coated with paint under the aforementioned conditions since it has a surface resistivity, especially between
• a part having an "internal" resistivity that is to say a volume resistivity such that it can be conferred by a layer of conductive fibers within the matrix, for example of the order from 0.01 to 1000 M ⁇ .m, could also be treated under the same conditions.
• the sizing of the glass strands does not have to have a high solubility in the matrix to be reinforced so that the conductive particles are dispersed throughout the room so that they can undergo the treatment. cataphoresis painting.
• a poorly soluble size in the matrix for example containing one or more polyurethanes as film-forming agent, or even insoluble, may therefore be suitable for the application of paint on such molded parts.
• the use of the conductive glass yarn according to the invention is not limited to the molding technique SMC or BMC.
• Glass son are more generally used for any manufacturing technique of composite materials implementing a reinforcement in the form of glass son which advantageously requires electrical conduction.
• the glass threads may be in the form of a mat or a sail that can be used in particular as a reinforcing or surface-coating element of SMC, said son may or may not be associated with other reinforcing son, especially glass.
• the son according to the invention can thus be used in all fields where thermal conductivity and heat dispersion properties are sought, for example in home appliances and automobiles. These wires can still be used for electromagnetic shielding applications, especially in transport, especially automobiles, the building and the areas requiring the protection of electronic components, in particular relating to magnetic media information.
• the examples given below make it possible to illustrate the invention without however limiting it.
• the wad is defined by the amount of fibrils obtained after scrolling a mass of wire 3 kg. It is expressed in mg / 100 g of yarn.
• R is the resistance, in M ⁇ I is the length of the fiber, in cm.
• the resistance R is measured by means of an ohm-meter, the distance between the two electrodes being 20 cm. - on the molded part
• the "internal" resistivitivity, in M ⁇ .m, is measured on a plate obtained according to the above-mentioned standard NF EN 1149-1, pierced by two remote holes, one of which is the other 20 cm. In each hole is inserted a metal rivet (diameter: 4 mm) serving as a connector, and said connectors being connected to the electrodes of an ohm-meter.
• the flexural stress and flexural modulus in MPa and the deflection in mm are measured under the conditions of ISO 14125-1. • * • the Charpy shock, in kJ / m 2 , is measured under the conditions of the ISO standard
• a sizing composition comprising (in% by weight):
• composition is prepared by adding the components in a vessel containing water at 80 ° C, maintained vigorously stirring, the conductive particles being added last.
• the composition has a viscosity of 7 mPa.s at 20 ° C and a solids content of 19.2%.
• the sizing composition is deposited on glass filaments E of 1 1 micron diameter before their assembly into a single wire which is wound into a cake.
• modified example 1 The procedure of modified example 1 is carried out in that the sizing composition comprises (in% by weight):
• plasticizer mixture of dipropylene glycol dibenzoate 0.12 and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (4)
• composition has a viscosity of 15 mPa.s at 20 ° C and a solids content of 19.5%.
• plasticizer mixture of dipropylene glycol dibenzoate 0.18 and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (4)
• the composition has a viscosity of 12 mPa.s at 20 ° C and a solids content of 20.2%.
• composition is applied to 16 ⁇ m diameter glass filaments E gathered in 4 threads of 100 tex which are wound directly under the die in the form of cakes comprising the 4 separate threads. After drying the cakes, the yarns extracted from the cakes are rewound in the form of an assembled roving of 2400 tex (6 cakes of 4 x 100 tex).
• plasticizer mixture of dipropylene glycol dibenzoate 0.18 and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (4)
• the composition has a viscosity of 14 mPa.s at 20 ° C and a solids content of 21.6%.
• an SMC is made in the following manner. On a polyethylene film is successively deposited a first layer of unsaturated polyester resin paste, cut glass son (length: 25 mm), a second layer of the aforementioned pulp and a second polyethylene film identical to the previous one.
• the paste has the following composition (in parts by weight): - polyester resin (M 0494, Cray Valley) 52
• the glass threads represent 30% by weight of the SMC composite.
• the SMC is cut to a size slightly smaller than that of the mold and deposited therein after removing the polyethylene films.
• the molding is carried out at a temperature of 145 ° C under pressure (70 bar) and a loading rate of 25%.
• the molded part has the electrical and mechanical properties indicated below. By way of comparison also appear the properties of a molded part under the same conditions from an SMC composite comprising glass son coated with a traditional nonconductive sizing (Reference).
• Example 3 Under the conditions of Example 3, a sizing composition comprising (in% by weight) is prepared:
• composition has a viscosity of 35 mPa.s at 20 ° C and a solids content of 22.4%.
• the wire has a linear density equal to 91 tex and a loss on ignition equal to 4.7%.
• the molded part has a surface resistivity equal to 1 x 10 6 M ⁇ / D and an internal resistivity equal to 1 M ⁇ .m.
• the procedure of modified example 5 is carried out in that the size composition comprises (in% by weight):
• the composition has a viscosity of 15 mPa.s at 20 ° C and a solids content of 22.4%.
• the wire has a linear density equal to 96 tex and a loss on ignition equal to 4.5%. From this wire, an SMC is produced under the conditions of Example 4.
• the molded part has a surface resistivity equal to 1 ⁇ 10 5 M ⁇ / D and an internal resistivity equal to 0.1 M ⁇ .m.
• the moldings of Examples 4 to 6 have lower surface resistivity values than the reference based on a conventional non-electrically conductive SMC.
• Examples 5 and 6 also have a significantly lower internal resistivity than the reference (internal resistivity greater than 10 6 M ⁇ .m).
• the inventors attribute this effect to the relatively poorly soluble nature in the matrix of the film-forming agent present in the sizing of the glass strands.
• the conductive particles remain on the wires, or in their close environment, and do not migrate to the surface of the piece.
• the conductive network formed by the glass son within the room provides sufficient internal resistivity to allow the application of cataphoresis painting.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)

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