EP1807772A2 - Appareil et procede fournissant une indication visuelle de l'ambiguite d'un caractere pendant une saisie textuelle - Google Patents

Appareil et procede fournissant une indication visuelle de l'ambiguite d'un caractere pendant une saisie textuelle

Info

Publication number
EP1807772A2
EP1807772A2 EP05817263A EP05817263A EP1807772A2 EP 1807772 A2 EP1807772 A2 EP 1807772A2 EP 05817263 A EP05817263 A EP 05817263A EP 05817263 A EP05817263 A EP 05817263A EP 1807772 A2 EP1807772 A2 EP 1807772A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
character
candidate
word
display
symbol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05817263A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
James Stephanick
Ethan R. Bradford
Pim Van Meurs
Richard Eyraud
Michael R. Longe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tegic Communications Inc
Original Assignee
Tegic Communications Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tegic Communications Inc filed Critical Tegic Communications Inc
Publication of EP1807772A2 publication Critical patent/EP1807772A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/20—Natural language analysis
    • G06F40/274—Converting codes to words; Guess-ahead of partial word inputs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
    • G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
    • G06F3/0233—Character input methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
    • G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
    • G06F3/0233—Character input methods
    • G06F3/0236—Character input methods using selection techniques to select from displayed items
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
    • G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
    • G06F3/0233—Character input methods
    • G06F3/0237—Character input methods using prediction or retrieval techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • H04M1/7243—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality with interactive means for internal management of messages
    • H04M1/72436—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality with interactive means for internal management of messages for text messaging, e.g. short messaging services [SMS] or e-mails
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2250/00—Details of telephonic subscriber devices
    • H04M2250/70—Details of telephonic subscriber devices methods for entering alphabetical characters, e.g. multi-tap or dictionary disambiguation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to text input technology. More specifically, the invention relates to text entry solutions to wireless communication devices which have limited keypads.
  • chording Neither chording nor multiple-stroke specification has produced a keyboard having adequate simplicity and efficiency of use. Multiple-stroke specification is inefficient, and chording is complicated to learn and use.
  • Input sequences may be interpreted simultaneously as words, word stems, and/or completions, numbers, and unambiguous character strings based on stylus tap location or keying patterns, such as multi-tap.
  • keyboards for small devices consists of a touch-sensitive panel on which some type of keyboard overlay has been printed, or a touch-sensitive screen with a keyboard overlay displayed.
  • a finger or a stylus can be used to interact with the panel or display screen in the area associated with the key or letter that the user intends to activate. Due to the reduced size of many portable devices, a stylus is often used to attain sufficient accuracy in activating each intended key.
  • U.S. Patent 6,801 ,190 uses word-level auto- correction to resolve the accuracy problem and permit rapid entry on small keyboards. Because tap locations are presumed to be inaccurate, there is some ambiguity as to what the user intended to type. The user is presented with one or more interpretations of each keystroke sequence corresponding to a word, such that the user can easily select the desired interpretation. This approach enables the system to use the information contained in the entire sequence of keystrokes to resolve what the user's intention was for each character of the sequence.
  • Handwriting recognition is another approach that has been taken to solve the text input problem on small devices that have a touch-sensitive screen or pad that detects motion of a finger or stylus.
  • Writing on the touch-sensitive panel or display screen generates a stream of data input indicating the contact points.
  • the handwriting recognition software analyzes the geometric characteristics of the stream of data input to determine each character or word. Due to differences in individual writing styles and the limitations of handwriting technology on mobile devices, however, recognition accuracy is less than perfect, resulting in character ambiguity even though current handwriting systems do not typically reveal that ambiguity to the user.
  • a specific challenge facing word-based disambiguation is that of providing sufficient feedback to the user about the keystrokes being input, particularly for the novice or infrequent user who is unfamiliar with the reduced keyboard layout or the disambiguation system.
  • each keystroke represents a unique character which can be displayed to the user as soon as it is entered.
  • word-level disambiguation for example, this is often not possible, because each entry represents multiple characters, and any sequence of entries may match multiple words or word stems.
  • the ambiguity may confuse the first-time user if the system displays characters that change as each key is pressed: the user does not know that the system offers the desired word at the end, and he may needlessly attempt to fix each character before proceeding.
  • Ambiguity is especially a problem when, for example, the user makes a spelling or entry error and is not aware of such error until the complete sequence is entered and the desired result is not presented. Displaying word stems that match the partial sequence reduces this problem, by showing when the user is on the right track towards the desired word, but does not eliminate it entirely, especially if some stems are concealed due to display space constraints.
  • U.S. patent no. 5,818,437 describes a keystroke window (102) that displays keycap icons representing the ambiguous key sequence, which confirms that the user pressed the intended keys. But the display provides neither an explanation of how the words are being assembled from that key sequence nor feedback that the user is on the right track.
  • An apparatus and method for providing visual indication of character ambiguity and ensuing reduction of such ambiguity during text entry are described.
  • An application text entry field is presented in a display screen, into which the user enters text by means of a reduced keyboard and a disambiguating system.
  • the default or most likely word construct for the current key sequence may be presented at the insertion point of the text entry field.
  • An indication of ambiguity is presented in the display screen to communicate to the user the possible characters associated with each key.
  • a word choice list field may also be present to display at least one word construct matching the current key sequence.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a succession of display screens updated to show decreasing ambiguity during text entry according to one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a succession of display screens updated to show decreasing ambiguity during text entry according to an alternate embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a succession of display screens updated to show decreasing ambiguity during text entry according to another alternate embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4 illustrates pairs of display screens updated to show indication of ambiguity during alternate word selection according to another embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a succession of display screens updated to show decreasing ambiguity during text entry according to a further alternate embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a succession of display screens updated to show decreasing ambiguity after explicit entry of a character according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates display screens updated to show decreasing ambiguity upon explicit entry of a character according to two embodiments of the invention.
  • the objects do not have to be linguistic, because the disambiguating system claimed herein can be used to look up icons, phone numbers, or inventory records, as long as a type of symbolic string representation is present. Therefore, it should be appreciated that use of terms, such as letter, word, word stem, and the like is not limited only to those applications, and they are used to facilitate ease of reading and understanding the discussion herein.
  • the display often changes with each keystroke such as, for example, initially showing all possible ambiguities and further showing the ongoing convergence to a less ambiguous or even non-ambiguous solution, as illustrated in Figs. 1 through 4 described in further detail below.
  • Figs. 1 through 4 as multiple keys are entered consecutively and a word or words is converged upon, the displayed ambiguous character set for each key may decrease or dissipate.
  • the display screen 700 includes an application text entry field 701 , which displays for the user an inline default word choice 704, such as, for example, a default word construct, an ambiguity field 702, which displays a visual indication of character ambiguity, and a word choice list field 703, which displays word construct combinations formed upon depression of various keys.
  • an inline default word choice 704 such as, for example, a default word construct
  • an ambiguity field 702 which displays a visual indication of character ambiguity
  • a word choice list field 703 which displays word construct combinations formed upon depression of various keys.
  • a user depresses the "4" key corresponding characters "g", "h”, and "i" are displayed horizontally in the ambiguity field 702 of the succession screen Fig. 1 A.
  • the most likely candidate in the set of ambiguous characters such as, for example, the "i" character is highlighted in bold.
  • all characters may be displayed identically.
  • the most likely candidate in the set of word choices displayed in the word choice list field 703 may also be displayed in bold.
  • the display screen 800 includes an application text entry field 801 , which displays for the user an inline default word choice 804, such as, for example, the currently selected word construct, an ambiguity field 802, which displays a visual indication of character ambiguity, and a word choice list field 803, which displays word combinations formed upon depression of various keys.
  • the ambiguous sets of characters displayed in field 802 are displayed vertically, creating a matrix of characters.
  • the letters of the most likely or selected candidate in each set of ambiguous characters is highlighted, for example in bold, whereas the invalid characters remain but are shown in a lighter shade than the other characters to indicate that they are no longer part of any word construct.
  • Some other font attribute such as strikeout may be used instead.
  • the display screen 900 includes an application text entry field 901 , which displays for the user an inline default word choice 904 such as, for example, the selected word construct, and a word choice list field 902, which displays the depressed succession of keys and word combinations formed upon depression of various keys.
  • the sets of ambiguous characters displayed in field 902 are displayed vertically under the corresponding numeral associated with each key.
  • the visual indication of character ambiguity is displayed in the vertical columns housing each set of ambiguous characters.
  • the most likely candidate in each set of ambiguous characters is highlighted, for example in bold, and the word choices are ordered with the most likely choice at the top of the list.
  • Figs. 4A-4F illustrates alternate embodiments of screens 1000, which include an application text entry field 1001 , which displays for the user an inline default word choice 1004, such as, for example, the selected word construct, an ambiguity field 1002, which displays a visual indication of character ambiguity, and a word choice list field 1003, which displays word combinations formed upon depression of various keys.
  • the ambiguous sets of characters displayed in field 1002 are also displayed vertically, but create an ordered matrix of characters such that the letters across the top line spell out the selected word choice and the other letters in each set fall below them.
  • one character in each set of ambiguous characters is highlighted, for example in bold, representing the spelling of the most likely or selected word candidate, whereas other possible characters are shown in normal text.
  • unused characters are either removed or shown in a lighter shade at the bottom of each set.
  • the word choice list field 1003 is a scrolling field, which facilitates selection of a most likely word choice and enables the user to scroll up or down through the word choice list.
  • the ambiguity field is updated as the user scrolls through the word choice list, to reflect the sequence of characters in the highlighted word choice.
  • the ambiguity field 1002 may be displayed within or layered above the application text entry field 1001 , or without the word choice list field displayed, and may include the sequence of numerals associated with each key depressed by the user.
  • the single explicitly-entered character can be shown, communicating the reduction in ambiguity to the user.
  • the ambiguity of the other keys in the key sequence is likely to be reduced as the explicitly-entered character is used by the system to filter out all of the non-matching word candidates.
  • the single character may be highlighted, for example in bold, to indicate that each word candidate contains that character in the corresponding position, and/or highlighted in a distinct way to indicate that it has been explicitly entered.
  • the third character in the sequence, 'n' is entered explicitly instead of ambiguously. Only that character is indicated for the third keypress 601. And because only word choices that match 'n' in the third position are included, e.g. excluding the word "good", the other ambiguous keypresses are reduced more quickly to one valid character per key compared with the same sequence in Fig. 1.
  • the user is able to interact directly with the ambiguity field and select the desired character from each set of ambiguous characters. For example, on a touch-screen displaying the embodiment in Fig. 2 the user may tap on the desired letter within each set.
  • the user may move a character cursor to indicate and select a specific letter below each letter in the default word.
  • the system may offer a means to switch to a temporary mode for this explicit character entry.
  • the remaining ambiguity may be reduced significantly. For example, if at the step of Fig. 1 E the user explicitly selects the letter 'n' for the third character, the result would be the same as that shown at the step of Fig. 6E.
  • the system determines which keypress of the current sequence is the most ambiguous, which may be defined as which explicit entry would most reduce the number of word choices, or based on the weighted frequency of the words and stems beginning with the sequence.
  • the highlighted candidate character, or the entire ambiguous set is marked with a different color or font attribute.
  • the system may present the most ambiguous set in a list from which the user may select, automatically or upon a user action. This helps the user learn and appreciate when it may be beneficial to use an explicit method during entry.
  • each set of ambiguous characters is color-graded to indicate the characters' relative ambiguities.
  • T9 shows the letter in red and a designated key or keys, e.g., the left/right arrows, can be used to cycle through "n", "o", and "m".
  • the user may temporarily connect an external keyboard to the device, e.g. via a Bluetooth wireless connection, and type the specific letter for each of one or more selected ambiguous inputs or complete the current word using only unambiguous inputs.
  • the system may switch to a temporary mode for explicit character entry automatically when an external keyboard is detected. The reduction in ambiguity from any such inputs would again be reflected in the ambiguity field.
  • Some languages and key layouts may assign more characters per key than the device can display for each keypress, so a modified presentation of the ambiguity field must be used.
  • the characters on each key are sorted, first by those which are valid and second by frequency of use, and a predetermined number of them are displayed.
  • the character class, vowel group, or diacritic marks are indicated generically so that each need not be shown separately. With the horizontal format in Fig. 1 , however, it is possible to show a larger number of characters in each set for the first few keystrokes.
  • the ambiguity is only partially reduced by explicit entry. For example, after the user presses the "3" key on a phone that supports multiple European languages the system may display the set of characters “d”, “e”, T, "e", “e”, and “e” in the ambiguity field. If, through a means as described above, the user explicitly enters an 'e' but does not have the means or desire to specify the accent, the system reduces the ambiguous set displayed for that input to "e", "e", "e”, and "e”. The remaining ambiguity based on the matching word choices may still be reduced significantly, which is reflected in a reduction in ambiguity among the other inputs shown in the ambiguity field.
  • Figs. 7A-7F illustrate an alternative embodiment of the visual ambiguity field, where the ambiguity of only one input, typically the last one entered, is shown.
  • the ambiguity field may appear immediately, after a user pause or timed delay, or upon a designated input action.
  • Fig. 7A shows some or all of the characters associated with the 2 key, including at least one accented letter.
  • the user may have a designated input action, such as the down-arrow key, to explicitly select one of the characters rather than allow the best character choice for the default word.
  • the down- arrow key has been pressed to explicitly select the "m," resulting in the display of only words, stems, and/or word completions with an "m" in the second position.
  • this embodiment of the ambiguity field supports other technologies such as handwriting, body gesture, and speech recognition and auto-correcting keyboards.
  • the ambiguity field gives feedback as to how the system is interpreting the user's input, for example highlighting the most likely interpretation while listing other possible interpretations, and allowing the user to explicitly select the correct interpretation if desired.
  • Figs. 7D and 7E display handwritten input and the returned N-best list for each gesture.
  • Fig. 7F shows the effect of the user tapping on the desired letter "n," and its effect on the word choices displayed.
  • the highlighted character in the ambiguity field is constrained by the available vocabulary and corresponds to a letter of the most likely word rather than being the most likely character interpretation in its N-best list.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Input From Keyboards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Machine Translation (AREA)
  • Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil et procédé fournissant une indication visuelle de l'ambiguïté d'un caractère et assurant la réduction d'une telle ambiguïté pendant la saisie textuelle. Une zone (701) de saisie de texte d'application est affichée à l'écran dans laquelle l'utilisateur saisit le texte au moyen d'un clavier réduit et d'un système de suppression d'ambiguïté. La construction du mot par défaut ou la plus probable pour la séquence de touches courante est présentée au point d'insertion de la zone de saisie de texte. Une indication d'ambiguïté (702) est affichée à l'écran pour indiquer à l'utilisateur les éventuels caractères ambigus associés à cette touche. Une zone (703) présentant une liste de choix de mots est également affichée à l'écran et propose au moins une construction de mot correspondant à la séquence de touches courante.
EP05817263A 2004-11-05 2005-11-04 Appareil et procede fournissant une indication visuelle de l'ambiguite d'un caractere pendant une saisie textuelle Withdrawn EP1807772A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62537804P 2004-11-05 2004-11-05
US11/213,131 US8583440B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2005-08-26 Apparatus and method for providing visual indication of character ambiguity during text entry
PCT/US2005/040234 WO2006052858A2 (fr) 2004-11-05 2005-11-04 Appareil et procede fournissant une indication visuelle de l'ambiguite d'un caractere pendant une saisie textuelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1807772A2 true EP1807772A2 (fr) 2007-07-18

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Country Link
US (1) US8583440B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1807772A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2586585A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006052858A2 (fr)

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WO2006052858A3 (fr) 2006-08-03
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WO2006052858A8 (fr) 2007-04-26
US20050283358A1 (en) 2005-12-22

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