Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
  • C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
  • C10B47/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge in shaft furnaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
  • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

• the invention refers to method and equipment for whole tyre pyro ⁇ ysis intended for application in the chemical industry for the ⁇ nai destruction of solid substances, containing carbon and hydrocarbons aiming at their decomposition to liquid hydrocarbon fractions obtained after condensation in a concurrent process, solid carbon and hydrocarbon combustible gases.
• a method of pyrolysis of whole tyres is known in the art accomplished by indirect heating thermal processing and significant gastightness.
• the gaseous products realized during the heating are conducted and rectified in a concurrent continuous process, and the different solid substances are taken out.
• every tyre passes through an oil bath, and during its further progress to the upper part of the thermal processing zone it is drained, dried and heated.
• the disadvantages of this method are that part of the oil in the bath is taken with each subsequent tyre, it is not folly drained and penetrates the zone of thermal treatment with oil residues, which leads to additional energy costs for pyrolysis of the oil too.
• Equipment for whole tyre pyrolysis is also known in the art, comprising a vertical cylindrical reactor with heating combustion system and feeding transport system positioned horizontally at the upper level of the reactor. There is an output conveying transport system under the reactor. There are pipelines in the upper part of the reactor, connected to its inner chamber to take out the gaseous products realized, the same being additionally processed into a condensation separation system connected to the equipment.
• the combustion system comprises combustion chamber, embraces the whole height of the reactor, and burners placed symmetrically around the reactor in the lower part of the combustion chamber. There is a circular channel in the upper part of the combustion chamber, taking out the exhaust gases.
• the feeding transport system is made of subsequently installed feeding roller conveyor and chambers.
• the chambers are three and are separated by overhead valves.
• the first chamber is a receiving one, open and is a continuation of the roller conveyor.
• the second chamber is a forehearth, separated from the other two by overhead valves and is provided of two gas pipes for supply of part of the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and for inert gas supply.
• the third chamber is located above the reactor and covers its lid.
• the receiving chamber and the forehearth are provided of pneumatic cylinders for advancing the tyre that follows.
• the discharge conveyor system comprises pairs of watercooled shafts enclosed into a casing, connected with its upper part to the lower part of the reactor. The lower part of the casing is sunk into a water pool where a discharge conveyor is placed with its edges elevated over the water level.
• a shortcoming of this whole tyre pyrolysis equipment is that the feeding transport system has three chambers, the receiving chamber being separated by the other two chambers next only by overhead valves, which substantially reduces the heat efficiency of the equipment.
• the substantial problem with the overhead valves is the unreliable closing and gastightening of the chambers, as well as the impossibility to reduce the pressure therein.
• Another problem of the overhead valves is also the possibility to infiltrate oxygen in the reactor, which is completely undesirable.
• One of the most important conditions for conducting a pyrolysis process is the organic substances thermal destruction wherein the complex hydrocarbons shall be decomposed into simple in the absence of oxygen to prevent their burning.
• the objective of the invention is to create a method an equipment for pyrolysis of whole tyres by achieving a better thermal efficiency and high reliability, guaranteeing that no oxygen shall penetrate in the reactor of the equipment, and especially in the area of thermal processing under indirect heating.
• This task is achieved by a method of whole tyre pyrolysis accomplished with thermal processing by indirect heating and substantial gastightness.
• the gaseous hydrocarbons realized during the heating are conveyed and rectified into a continuous concurrent process that takes place into a condensation separation installation with discharge of the solid components.
• every tyre is preheated, and according to the invention, a separate space is determined for its preheating apart from the area of thermal processing and the environment, the space being vacuum treated before the next tyre is supplied.
• the subsequent tyre is supplied in and this space is again isolated from the thermal treatment area and the environment, filling it with inert gas.
• Another feature is that when applying the whole tyre pyrolysis method the preheating of each tyre is made directly from the area of thermal treatment.
• the task is solved with an equipment for whole tyre pyrolysis comprising a vertically positioned cylindrical reactor heated by a combustion system.
• a feeding conveyor system Above the reactor's upper level is placed a feeding conveyor system.
• There is a discharge conveyor system under the reactor hi the upper part of the reactor there are pipelines connected to its internal part intended to discharge the gaseous products realized in the reactor. These gaseous products are conducted to a condensation separation installation connected to the equipment.
• the combustion system comprises a combustion chamber embraces the reactor along its height and burners symmetrically placed in the lower part of the combustion chamber.
• Successively installed supply roller conveyor and chambers form a feeding conveyor system.
• the chambers according to the invention are two. The first is horizontally oriented, open receiving chamber, connected to the supply roller conveyor, and the second is also horizontal, partially covering the reactor and the hermetically closing forehearth. There is a vertical valve .between both chambers
• the hermetically closed forehearthjias two sections the first one located just over the cylindrical reactor, covering its whole lid, tightly attached with its lower part to the reactor, and trie secon ⁇ section is connected to the receiving chamber and is its continuation.
• a vertical valve provided of vertical pneumatic cylinders for opening and horizontal pneumatic cylinders for hermetic sealing.
• the forehearth walls of the first section placed over the reactor shall be double and water-cooled, with horizontal duct for vacuum treatment and an inlet for inert gas supply.
• pushing pneumatic cylinders are provided for supplying the whole tyres from the receiving chamber to the forehearth and from the forehearthjto the reactor.
• the receiving chamber shall have one first pushing pneumatic cylinder, installed outside the receiving chamber between guides, oriented perpendicularly to the course that the tyres follow to be fed in.
• the forehearth shall have also a pair of external second feeding pneumatic cylinders with a pushing rod placed between them and connected to them pushing the successive tyre, the pushing rod being hermetically sealed to the respective wall of the forehearth.
• the lid of the reactor located in the water cooled walls section of the forehearth shall be connected to a lifter installed between two third lifting pneumatic cylinders, vertically attached to the external upper part oi the forehearth over the cylindrical reactor.
• pipelines for the gaseous products realized in the cylindrical reactors shall be horizontal, radially arranged channels.
• the feeding roller conveyor shall be comprised of two parts, one being freely rotational and the other force driven.
• the conveying transport system is composed of at least one pair of water-cooled rollers with three band conveyors placed beneath.
• the pair of rollers is tightly sealed in a casing under the reactor, the upper part of the casing being attached to the bottom of the reactor, which is opened, and the bottom part of the casing is placed in a water pool.
• a water back-pressure gate is formed for the cylindrical reactor and it is environmentally isolated from beneath.
• One of the band conveyors is horizontal reversing, and the other two are left and right sloping discharge conveyors.
• the method of whole tyre pyrolysis achieves a guaranteed absence of oxygen in the reactor thanks to the fact that before the tyres are fed in the reactor, they are vacuum treated in the separate space, and then, still with the corresponding tyre in, it is filled with inert gas.
• Fig. 1 is a transverse section of the equipment for pyrolysis of whole tyres
• Fig. 2 is a top view of the feeding conveyor system
• Fig. 3 is a front view along A of fig. 2 of the feeding conveyors system
• the method of whole tyre pyrolysis is accomplished with thermal treatment by indirect heating at substantial gastightness.
• the gaseous hydrocarbons realized are carried to a condensation separation installation connected to the equipment where they are rectified in a continuous concurrent process.
• the separated solids are taken out, and every tyre is preheated before being dropped into the thermal processing area.
• the space where it shall advance is vacuum treated. This space is separated from the area of thermal treatment. After the space is vacuum treated, the subsequent tyre is dropped and it is filled of inert gas.
• the preheating of each subsequent tyre is made directly from the area of thermal processing for 15 to 60 seconds depending on how intensive the industrial process is.
• the equipment of whole tyre pyrolysis comprises a vertically positioned cylindrical reactor 1 provided of a combustion system for heating, consisting of a combustion chamber 2 that embraces_tiie reactor i along its height, and burner 3 surrounding symmetrically the reactor 1 in the lower part of the combustion chamber 2. They are of a known type and could be of individual adjustment. Besides the burners 3 are tangentially situated around the cylindrical reactor 1. Horizontal, radially arranged channels 4 are located in the upper part of the cylindrical reactor 1, the pipelines 4 being connected to the inner space of the reactor to convey the gaseous products to the concurrent condensation separation installation (not shown on the figures attached).
• the feeding conveyor system comprising a supply roller conveyor 5 that has a freely rotating and force driven sections, and two chambers.
• the first one is horizontally oriented open receiving chamber 6 that is a continuation of the supply roller conveyor 5.
• the second is a forehearth 7 and is also horizontal as a continuation of the receiving chamber 6.
• Forehearth 7 is closing hermetically by means of a vertical valve 8 dividing both chambers 6 and 7.
• the forehearth 7 has a first section 9, located just above the cylindrical reactor 1.
• the first section 9 embraces the lid 10 of the cylindrical reactor 1 with its upper part, and its lower part is tightly attached to the cylindrical reactor 1.
• the forehearth 7 has also a second section 11 that is connected to the receiving chamber 6 and is its continuation. At the inlet of the forehearth 7 a hermetically closing vertical valve 8 is mounted.
• a hermetically closing vertical valve 8 is mounted at the inlet of the forehearth 7 .
• the vertical valve 8 it is provided of a pair of vertical pneumatic cylinders 12 for opening, and two pairs of horizontal pneumatic cylinders 13 for gastight sealing.
• the walls of the forehearth 7 in the first section 9 mounted over the cylindrical reactor 1 are double and water-cooled, and they have horizontal ducts 14 and inlets 15 for vacuum treatment before the subsequent tyre is let in and for the provision of inert gas after the subsequent tyre is let in the forehearth 7, respectively.
• First pushing pneumatic cylinders 16 are provided for conducting the whole tyres to the receiving chamber 6 and the forehearth 7.
• the first pushing pneumatic cylinder 16 is installed outside the receiving chamber 6 between guides l /. me pushing pneumatic cylinder 16 and the guides 17 are perpendicular to the course the tyres follow during their transportation by supply roller conveyor 5.
• the forehearth 7 has two external pairs of second feeding pneumatic cylinders 18 with a pushing rod 19 placed between them and connected to them, the pushing rod 19 being hermetically sealed to the respective wall of the forehearth 7.
• the inner walls of the forehearth 7 are covered with spark proof material.
• the lid 10 of the cylindrical reactor 1, located in the first sector 9 with watercooled walls of the forehearth 7 is connected to a lifter 20 installed between two third lifting pneumatic cylinders 21, connected vertically from outside the forehearth 7 over the cylindrical reactor 1.
• the equipment has also a conveying transport system consisting of at least one pair of water-cooled rollers 22 with three band conveyors placed beneath.
• the pair of the water-cooled rollers 22 is tightly sealed in a casing 23 attached to and under the cylindrical reactor 1 which is open, and the lower part of the casing 23 is placed into a water pool 24.
• a water back-pressure gate of the reaction space of the cylindrical reactor 1 is formed.
• One of the band conveyors is a horizontal reversing conveyor 25, and the other two are left 26 and right 27 sloping discharge conveyors, respectively. They are provided, respectively, for conveying the whole tyres at the beginning of the process until the regular operation in the reaction unit starts, and to discharge the solids - carbon and steel wire during the regular operation.
• the cylindrical reactor 1 is heated by the combustion system, respectively, by the tangentially positioned burners 3 of the combustion chamber 2. Simultaneously, the supply roller conveyor 5 feeds the subsequent whole tyre to the receiving chamber 6. During this time interval, the receiving chamber 6 is separated from the forehearth 7 by a vertical valve 8. In this instant the two pairs of horizontal pneumatic cylinders 13 close hermetically the vertical valve 8. The lid 10 of the cylindrical reactor 1 is also closed. The forehearth 7 is vacuum treated through the horizontal duct 14. Once the vacuum treatment is over, the pair of vertical pneumatic cylinders 12 releases the vertical valve 8 while the two pairs of horizontal pneumatic cylinders 13, providing gastightness are idle.
• the subsequent tyre is fed to the second section 11 of the forehearth 7 with the first pushing pneumatic cylinder 16 installed outside the receiving chamber 6 between the guides 17.
• the subsequent tyre passes the area of the vertical valve 8, it is closed and gastightened following the described way and the corresponding means: the vertical and horizontal pneumatic cylinders 12 and 13.
• an inert gas is supplied to the forehearth 7 through the other horizontal inlet 15.
• the subsequent tyre remains between 15 and 60 seconds (depending on how intensive the process is) in the forehearth 7, a time for which it absorbs residual heat from the previous cycle.
• the lid 10 of the cylindrical reactor 1 is lifted with the externally mounted lifter 20, attached to the lid 10 and forwarded with the aid of the two third lifting pneumatic cylinders 21.
• the tyre receives a new portion of heat and is simultaneously driven to the opening of the cylindrical reactor 1 with the pair of second feeding pneumatic cylinders 18 and the pushing rod 19 connected to them.
• the process is carried out with uninterrupted feeding of whole tyres at a determined rate and with a constant release of gaseous hydrocarbons, being conducted through the horizontal radially arranged channels 4 to the condensation separation installation, connected to the equipment and operating as a sole unit with it.
• This unit traditionally comprises a centrifugal cyclone for dust arrest and separation of the heavy liquid fractions, two scrubbers backfilled and sprinkling for successive separation of the heavy cut and the float fraction, and tubular water cooler for the float fractions, all of them not shown on the figures attached.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Coke Industry (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

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• 2004
  • 2004-10-14 BG BG108905A patent/BG65643B1/bg unknown
  • 2004-12-28 RU RU2007116207/04A patent/RU2358002C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-12-28 JP JP2007535955A patent/JP2008516058A/ja active Pending
  • 2004-12-28 WO PCT/BG2004/000027 patent/WO2006039764A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2004-12-28 CA CA002583790A patent/CA2583790A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-12-28 US US11/577,118 patent/US20080257709A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-12-28 EP EP04802163A patent/EP1807485A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-12-28 AU AU2004324028A patent/AU2004324028B2/en not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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