EP1807309A2 - Machine d'emballage par etirage a transfert de film au coin superieur - Google Patents

Machine d'emballage par etirage a transfert de film au coin superieur

Info

Publication number
EP1807309A2
EP1807309A2 EP05856262A EP05856262A EP1807309A2 EP 1807309 A2 EP1807309 A2 EP 1807309A2 EP 05856262 A EP05856262 A EP 05856262A EP 05856262 A EP05856262 A EP 05856262A EP 1807309 A2 EP1807309 A2 EP 1807309A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
wrapping
wrapping material
machine
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05856262A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1807309A4 (fr
EP1807309B1 (fr
Inventor
Neil G. Cousins
Boris Radovanovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cousins Packaging Inc
Original Assignee
Cousins Packaging Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cousins Packaging Inc filed Critical Cousins Packaging Inc
Publication of EP1807309A2 publication Critical patent/EP1807309A2/fr
Publication of EP1807309A4 publication Critical patent/EP1807309A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1807309B1 publication Critical patent/EP1807309B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
    • B65B11/04—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material the articles being rotated
    • B65B11/045—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material the articles being rotated by rotating platforms supporting the articles

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns stretch wrap machines, and more particularly relates to stretch wrap machines with a top corner film transfer.
  • Wrapping machines have been developed for wrapping plastic film around items on a pallet to retain the items for shipping and the like.
  • Known wrapping machines include a film dispenser mounted on an arm to rotate about the pallet and thereby wrap the items on the pallet.
  • the film dispenser may also be mounted for vertical travel such that the film is wrapped around the items in a spiral manner.
  • Other known wrapping machines include a rotary table upon which the pallet is placed. In this type of machine, the wrapping device is mounted to a stationary vertical structure. During the wrapping process, the table and pallet thereon are rotated, and the wrapping device travels vertically to thereby spiral wrap the items on the pallet.
  • a wrapping machine is desired making improvements on the aforementioned known wrapping machines.
  • An aspect of the present invention is to provide a wrapping machine for wrapping a product comprising a base, a turntable on the base for rotating the product and a source of wrapping material connected to the base, with the source of wrapping material supplying wrapping material to the product.
  • the machine also includes an apparatus configured to bring a portion of the wrapping material above the product.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a wrapping machine for wrapping a product comprising a base, a turntable on the base for rotating the product and a source of wrapping material connected to the base, with the source of wrapping material supplying wrapping material to the product.
  • the machine also includes an apparatus configured to hold a portion of the wrapping material at a position above the product as the turntable begins rotating the product.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide a wrapping machine for wrapping a product comprising a base, a turntable on the base for rotating the product, and a vertically adjustable source of wrapping material connected to the base, with the source of wrapping material supplying wrapping material to the product.
  • the machine also includes a gripping assembly gripping a portion of the wrapping material during initiation of wrapping of the product, with the gripping assembly being configured to move vertically with the vertically adjustable source of wrapping material.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of wrapping a product with wrapping material comprising rotating the product and dropping an end of the wrapping material on top of the product during or after rotation.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of packaging a product with wrapping material comprising wrapping the product with the wrapping material, bringing a portion of the wrapping material from a first position adjacent a side of the product to a second position above the product, and cutting the portion of the wrapping material to form a trailing end of the wrapping material such that the trailing end is free.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of packaging products with wrapping material comprising wrapping a first product with the wrapping material and bringing a portion of the wrapping material comprising a leading end of the wrapping material from a first position adjacent a side of the product to a second position above the product.
  • the method also includes cutting the portion of the wrapping material to form a trailing end and the leading end of the wrapping material, whereby the trailing end is free.
  • the method further includes clamping the leading end of the wrapping material during wrapping of a second product.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide a wrapping machine comprising a base, a powered rotatable turntable on the base for rotating a product, a generally upright column adjacent the turntable, a source of wrapping material including a carriage operably connected to the column for generally vertical movement along the column, and at least one track adjacent the turntable, with the track having a generally vertical portion and a generally horizontal portion extending above the turntable.
  • the machine also includes at least one powered drive assembly.
  • the machine further includes at least one vehicle operably connected to the powered drive assembly, and movably mounted to the at least one track for movement along the horizontal and vertical portions of the track upon actuation of the powered drive assembly, with the at least one vehicle including a holder configured to retain an end portion of wrapping material above a product on the turntable when the at least one vehicle is on the horizontal portion of the track.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a wrapping machine comprising a base configured to support the wrapping machine on a floor surface, a clamp connected to the base for holding an end of the wrapping material, a turntable rotatably connected to the base for rotating a product on the turntable relative to the base and the clamp, and a wrap dispenser operably mounted to the base for supplying wrapping material to a product on the turntable.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of retro-fitting a wrapping machine comprising providing a wrapping machine having a base, a powered rotatable turntable on the base for rotating a product, a generally upright column adjacent the turntable, and a source of wrapping material including a carriage operably connected to the column for generally vertical movement along the column.
  • the method also includes connecting an apparatus to the column, with the apparatus configured to bring a portion of the wrapping material above the product.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of the arm of the wrapping assembly and the I-beam of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8A is a perspective view of the arm of the wrapping assembly of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of a track, a vehicle and a cantilever beam of the arm of the wrapping assembly of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of the track and a vehicle of the wrapping assembly of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a close-up view of the track and the vehicle taken from the circle XI of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 12 is a close-up view of the track and the vehicle taken from the circle XII of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 10 is a close-up view of the track and the vehicle taken from the circle XII of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 13 is a top view of the track of the wrapping assembly of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a close-up top view of a motor support and transition section of the track of the wrapping assembly of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15A is a top view of the stretch wrap machine of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15B is a top view of an end of the arm and track of the wrapping assembly of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15C is a front view of the stretch wrap machine of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15D is a side view of a track, a vehicle and a cantilever beam of the arm of the wrapping assembly of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15D is a side view of a track, a vehicle and a cantilever beam of the arm of the wrapping assembly of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a front of a bottom of the track of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16A is a front view of the end of the track and the vehicle of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an end of the track and the vehicle of a third embodiment of the present invention, with the vehicle in a first position on the track.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the end of the track and the vehicle of a third embodiment of the present invention, with the vehicle in a second position on the track.
  • FIG. 19 is a front perspective view of the vehicle of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a rear perspective view of the vehicle of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the stretch wrap machine of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a top view of the fourth embodiment of the stretch wrap machine of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a fragmentary front view of a stationary arm and a rotating arm of the stretch wrap machine of the present invention.
  • the reference number 10 generally designates a stretch wrap machine embodying the present invention.
  • the stretch wrap machine 10 is for wrapping a product 12 and comprises a base 14, a turntable 16 on the base 14 for rotating the product 12, a source 18 of stretch wrap 20 connected to the base 14 and a wrapping assembly 22.
  • the wrapping assembly 22 is configured to bring a portion 24 of the stretch wrap 20 above the product 12, cut the stretch wrap 20 at a position above the product 12 after the product 12 has been wrapped and/or hold the portion 24 of the stretch wrap 20 at a position above the product 12 as the turntable 16 begins rotating the product 12.
  • the stretch wrap machine 10 then begins to wrap the product 12 by rotating the turntable 16 as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the rope transition point 29 will move along the top corner 31 of the product 12.
  • the rope transition point 29 will catch on the corner 200 and move therewith as illustrated in FIG. 5A, thereby beginning to wrap the product 12 with the stretch wrap 12.
  • the source 18 of stretch wrap 20 will then begin to move vertically to wrap the sides of the product 12.
  • the leading end 24' of the stretch wrap 20 will drop onto the top of the product 12.
  • the vehicle 38 will move to a bottom of the wrapping assembly 22 as illustrated in FIG. 5B.
  • the base 14 includes the turntable 16 for rotating the product 12 and a column 26 supporting the source 18 of stretch wrap 20 and the wrapping assembly 22.
  • the turntable 16 is preferably circular and configured to have the product 12 placed thereon.
  • the turntable 16 is connected to a motor 28 preferably via an endless band (e.g., a chain) that is activated to rotate the turntable 16.
  • the turntable 16 can be connected to the motor 28 using other means.
  • the motor 28 is operatively connected to a control system (not shown) that rotates the turntable 16 during the wrapping process.
  • the base 14 and turntable 16 are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the arm 34 includes a guide plate 46 that rides on the front plate 42 of the I-beam 40.
  • the guide plate 46 includes a front panel 48 and a pair of three-pronged roller guides 50 on each side of the front panel 48.
  • the three-pronged roller guide portion 50 each include three pockets 52 having a roller 54 therein.
  • the rollers 54 in the roller guide portions 50 are configured to roll on a front side, a rear side and an end edge of each side of the front plate 42 of the I-beam 40.
  • a top of the housing enclosing the rollers 54 is removed to show the rollers 54.
  • the control system for the stretch wrap machine 10 will activate the solenoid 58 to rotate the pawl 60 through the opening 62 and into contact with the ratchet plate 44 to stop downward movement of the arm 34.
  • the pawl 60 will only prevent downward movement of the arm 34, but will allow the arm 34 to move upwards.
  • an embodiment of the stretch wrap machine 10 including the I-beam 40 and the guide plate 46 for moving the arm 34 and a solenoid 58 and pawl 60 for stopping movement of the arm 34 are illustrated, it is contemplated that the arm 34 could move along the column 26 in any manner and stop vertically relative to the column 26 in any manner.
  • FIG. 10 shows the end of the horizontal section 78 connected to the cantilever beam 70 or the arm 34) and define a continuous rail 88 along the bottom of the horizontal section 78 and a right side of the vertical section 80 as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the vehicle 38 rides along the continuous rail 88 between an outermost end 90 (FIG. 11) of the horizontal section 78 and a lowest end 92 (FIG. 12) of the vertical section 80 of the track 36.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the vehicle 38 at both the outermost end 90 and the lowest end 92 (even though the vehicle 38 would be at only one of these locations).
  • the track 36 ⁇ includes a drive assembly 94 for moving the vehicle 38.
  • the illustrated vehicle 38 moves along the rail 88 of the track 36 to bring the portion 24 of the stretch wrap 20 to a position above the product 12.
  • the vehicle 38 includes a support 120 that rides on the rail 88 and is connected to the chain 102.
  • the vehicle 38 also includes a finger 122 rotatably connected to the support 120.
  • the support 120 comprises a plate 124 with four legs 126 having rollers 127 thereon for rolling on the rail (see FIG. 9) and surrounding the rail 88 and being connected to the chain 102.
  • the finger 122 extends from the plate 124 of the support 120 and includes a first portion 128 and a second portion 130 defining a pocket 132.
  • the portion 24 of the stretch wrap 20 will pull the finger 122 against the bias of the torsion spring 134 such that the finger 122 will be in an aligned position (as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 10 and 11).
  • the product 12 is placed on the turntable 16, and the carriage 30 and the wrapping assembly 22, which can ride on the carriage 30, is lowered.
  • the arm 34 of the wrapping assembly 22 preferably includes an electronic eye for determining a distance from the top of the product 12. The electronic eye will activate the solenoid 58, which will rotate the pawl 60 into contact with the ratchet plate 44 to prevent any further downward movement of the arm 34, when the arm 34 is a predetermined distance above the product 12 (see FIG. 2). At this point, the stretch wrap machine 10 is ready to begin wrapping the product 12 with the stretch wrap 20.
  • the source 18 of stretch wrap 20 vertically to allow the stretch wrap 20 to surround an outside of the product 12 between a top portion and a bottom portion of the product 12.
  • the method of wrapping the product 12 with the stretch wrap 20 between the top portion and the bottom portion of the product 12 is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the corner 200 of the product will pull the leading end 24' of the stretch wrap 20 out of the resilient spring wedge 135 in the pocket 132 of the finger 122 of the vehicle 38, thereby positioning the leading end 24' of the stretch wrap 20 to rest on the top of the product 12.
  • the vehicle 38 will move from the aligned position to the lateral position as shown in FIG. 5B because the stretch wrap 20 is no longer working against the bias of the spring 134.
  • the motor 118 of the track 36 is activated to move the chain 102 and thereby the vehicle 38 from the outermost end 90 of the horizontal section 78 to the lowest end 92 of the vertical section 80 of the track 36. If the stretch wrap 20 extending from the source 18 of stretch wrap 20 to the product 12 is in the way of the vehicle 38 as the vehicle 38 travels down the vertical section 80 of the track 36, the finger 122 can move to the aligned position against the bias of the torsion spring 134 as the finger 122 abuts the stretch wrap 20 to allow the vehicle 38 to move past the stretch wrap 20. Furthermore, the arm 34 includes a deflector 1000 for moving the arm 34 away from the carriage 30 as the arm 34 passes the carriage 30.
  • the vehicle 38 will begin to rotate to the aligned position due to the pulling force of the stretch wrap 20 from the source 18 of stretch wrap 20 on one end.
  • the blade 136 will rotate into contact with the stretch wrap 20 located between the finger 122 and the product 12. Therefore, the blade 136 will cut the stretch wrap 20 and place the trailing end 24" of the stretch wrap 20 on the top of the product 12. Accordingly, both ends of the stretch wrap surrounding the product will be on top of the product.
  • the leading end 24' of the stretch wrap 20 from the source 18 of stretch wrap 20 will be held within the finger 122 by the resilient spring wedge 135.
  • the product 12 can be removed from the turntable 16, a new or second product can be placed on the turntable 16 and the process for wrapping can start again.
  • the vehicle 38a could travel almost to the outermost end 90a of the horizontal section 78a and still capture the portion of the stretch wrap 20, but can move all of the way to the outermost end 90a of the horizontal section 78a after the wrapping procedure has begun to move the portion of the stretch wrap out of being captured between the flap 502 and the first cam 500 (because the first cam 500 will end short of the outermost end 90a).
  • the illustrated vehicle 38b includes holds the wrap as described above in the first and second embodiment of the stretch wrap machine.
  • the vehicle 38b includes a support 120b that rides on the arm 34b and a finger 122b.
  • the finger 122b is rotatably connected to the support 120b and includes a first portion 128b and a second portion 130b.
  • the support 120b includes a first stop member 606 for stopping rotational movement of the finger 122b in a first direction and a second stop member 608 for stopping rotational movement of the finger 122b in a second direction, with the first stop member 606 and the second stop member 608 abutting the first portion 128b of the finger 122b during rotation of the finger 122b.
  • the vertical column 700, the cantilever arm 702, the pivot pin 711, the motor and gear assembly 706, the rotating arm 704, the clearance member 712 and the movement of the carriage 30c on the vertical section 714 of the rotating arm 704 are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the illustrated fourth embodiment of the stretch wrap machine 10c further includes the wrapping assembly 22c on the vertical section 714 of the rotating arm 704.
  • the wrapping assembly 22c can comprise any one of the wrapping assemblies described above in the first, second and third embodiments of the stretch wrap machine described above.
  • an end of the horizontal section 716 includes a motor 708 having a linking member 710 connected thereto.
  • the linking member 710 extends from the motor 708, around a wheel 730 at a junction between the horizontal section 716 and the vertical section 714 of the rotating arm 704, and connects to the carriage 30c.
  • the motor 708 is configured to wind and unwind the linking member 710 to move the carriage 30c vertically on the vertical section 714 of the rotating arm 704.
  • the wrapping assembly 22c is configured to ride on the carriage 30c.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine d'emballage par étirage destinée à envelopper un produit et comprenant une base, un plateau tournant sur la base destiné à faire tourner le produit, une source de film à étirage reliée à la base ainsi qu'un ensemble d'emballage configuré pour amener une extrémité du film à étirage au-dessus du produit, à couper le film à étirage au niveau d'une position située au-dessus du produit après que le produit ait été emballé et/ou pour maintenir une extrémité du film à étirage au niveau d'une position située au-dessus du produit à mesure que le plateau tournant commence à faire tourner le produit.
EP05856262A 2004-11-03 2005-11-03 Machine d'emballage par etirage a transfert de film au coin superieur Not-in-force EP1807309B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62470304P 2004-11-03 2004-11-03
PCT/IB2005/004121 WO2006085147A2 (fr) 2004-11-03 2005-11-03 Machine d'emballage par etirage a transfert de film au coin superieur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1807309A2 true EP1807309A2 (fr) 2007-07-18
EP1807309A4 EP1807309A4 (fr) 2011-02-23
EP1807309B1 EP1807309B1 (fr) 2013-04-03

Family

ID=36793404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05856262A Not-in-force EP1807309B1 (fr) 2004-11-03 2005-11-03 Machine d'emballage par etirage a transfert de film au coin superieur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1807309B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101107168B (fr)
AU (1) AU2005326960B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2601562A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2007005258A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006085147A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105416732A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-03-23 佛山市禾才科技服务有限公司 一种节能的包装装置和方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2377762B1 (fr) * 2010-04-15 2012-08-29 MSK - Verpackungs-Systeme GmbH Dispositif et procédé destinés à l'enveloppement d'une pile de marchandise à l'aide d'une feuille
CN102826246B (zh) * 2012-09-12 2014-08-20 山东深蓝机器有限公司 在线式摇臂缠绕覆膜包装机
CN104477432A (zh) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-01 桐乡市广宇塑料制品有限公司 一种包装机
DE102015101489A1 (de) 2015-02-02 2016-08-04 Signode Industrial Group Llc Verpackungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben
CN105691687B (zh) * 2016-04-05 2017-12-05 常州光明包装机械有限公司 缠绕机
CN109866954B (zh) * 2019-04-08 2020-10-20 湖州师范学院求真学院 一种交通标志生产用自动绕布设备
CN111422416B (zh) * 2020-03-31 2022-04-22 重庆穗花食为天粮油有限公司 成品粮食码垛装置
CN114394270B (zh) * 2022-02-11 2023-12-12 东北电力大学 一种产品包装用自动打包装置

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EP0022135A1 (fr) * 1979-07-06 1981-01-14 C. KELLER GMBH u. CO. KG Dispositif pour envelopper dans une feuille en matériau plastique une pile de matériaux portée par une palette
DE3236029C1 (de) * 1982-09-29 1983-12-29 C. Keller GmbH u. Co KG, 4530 Ibbenbüren Vorrichtung zum Einwickeln eines von einer Palette getragenen Stapels in eine Bahn aus Kunststoffolie
EP0180517A1 (fr) * 1984-10-25 1986-05-07 Newtec International Procédé et machine pour recouvrir les faces latérales d'une charge avec une bande de film en matière plastique

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US4152879A (en) * 1977-06-21 1979-05-08 Shulman Michael H Spiral-wrap apparatus
US4450668A (en) * 1981-06-04 1984-05-29 Dario Manuli S.P.A. Automatic packaging machine
FR2678896B1 (fr) * 1991-07-11 1994-02-25 Newtec International Procede et machine d'emballage des faces laterales verticale et d'extremite superieure d'une charge palettisee.
US5765344A (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-06-16 Wulftec International Inc. Stretch wrapping film cut-off system
IT1292174B1 (it) * 1997-06-17 1999-01-25 Fis Impianti S R L Procedimento di imballaggio e relativa apparecchiatura avvolgitrice automatica per la realizzazione di imballi di carichi palettizzati,
FR2806060B1 (fr) * 2000-03-08 2002-08-02 Itw Mima Systems Machine d'emballage de charge a dispositif de plissage de laize de film
CN2455623Y (zh) * 2000-12-26 2001-10-24 邱绍益 L型封切机送膜装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0022135A1 (fr) * 1979-07-06 1981-01-14 C. KELLER GMBH u. CO. KG Dispositif pour envelopper dans une feuille en matériau plastique une pile de matériaux portée par une palette
DE3236029C1 (de) * 1982-09-29 1983-12-29 C. Keller GmbH u. Co KG, 4530 Ibbenbüren Vorrichtung zum Einwickeln eines von einer Palette getragenen Stapels in eine Bahn aus Kunststoffolie
EP0180517A1 (fr) * 1984-10-25 1986-05-07 Newtec International Procédé et machine pour recouvrir les faces latérales d'une charge avec une bande de film en matière plastique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of WO2006085147A2 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105416732A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-03-23 佛山市禾才科技服务有限公司 一种节能的包装装置和方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2601562A1 (fr) 2006-08-17
WO2006085147A2 (fr) 2006-08-17
CN101107168B (zh) 2014-05-21
EP1807309A4 (fr) 2011-02-23
WO2006085147A8 (fr) 2006-10-26
AU2005326960A1 (en) 2006-08-17
WO2006085147B1 (fr) 2007-02-15
AU2005326960A2 (en) 2006-08-17
EP1807309B1 (fr) 2013-04-03
WO2006085147A3 (fr) 2006-12-07
MX2007005258A (es) 2008-01-16
CN101107168A (zh) 2008-01-16
AU2005326960B2 (en) 2011-09-15

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