EP1783323A1 - Ventilation system for covered traffic ways - Google Patents

Ventilation system for covered traffic ways Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1783323A1
EP1783323A1 EP06123670A EP06123670A EP1783323A1 EP 1783323 A1 EP1783323 A1 EP 1783323A1 EP 06123670 A EP06123670 A EP 06123670A EP 06123670 A EP06123670 A EP 06123670A EP 1783323 A1 EP1783323 A1 EP 1783323A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
traffic
ventilation system
air flow
roadway section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06123670A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Willem Jan Smulders
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ingenieursbureau Oranjewoud BV
Original Assignee
Ingenieursbureau Oranjewoud BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ingenieursbureau Oranjewoud BV filed Critical Ingenieursbureau Oranjewoud BV
Publication of EP1783323A1 publication Critical patent/EP1783323A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ventilation system and method for ventilating a covered traffic way, for example a tunnel.
  • the quality of air is generally so poor around tunnel mouths and covered or enclosed traffic ways on national highways, that it does not comply with the requirements set by government relating to air quality, such as the national air quality decree (Besluit Luchtkwaliteit) in the Netherlands.
  • One of the reasons for this is the generally high concentration of polluted air that leaves such a tunnel mouth. This is a result of the concentrated release of pollution conveyed toward the tunnel mouth inter alia by exhaust gases and the production of dust due to contact between vehicle tires and the roadway. Such pollution can be carried along for example with the air flow generated by the traffic.
  • Known ventilation systems attempt to resolve this problem of air pollution at the level of tunnel mouths etcetera, by suctioning out the air at the level of the traffic exit and expelling it toward the environment via an air purification installation.
  • Such a ventilation system is not particularly efficient, among other reasons because the traffic intensity can obviously fluctuate greatly and the ventilation system is not adjusted thereto or has to be provided with an expensive and complex regulating system that measures traffic intensity and adjusts the ventilation system accordingly.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a ventilation system for ventilating covered roadway sections that does not have the disadvantages referred to above inter alia.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention is thereto characterized as described in claim 1. More particularly, the ventilation system according to the invention comprises means to produce an air flow in the covered roadway section, whereby the means are arranged so that they can produce an air flow counter to the traffic direction, such that the air flow realized in this way in combination with the air flow generated by the traffic on balance results in there being a reduced outflow of air from the traffic exit of the covered roadway section.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention comprises means to produce an air flow in the covered roadway section, whereby the means are arranged so that they can produce an air flow counter to the traffic direction, such that the air flow realized in this way in combination with the air flow generated by the traffic on balance results in there being a reduced outflow of air from the traffic exit of the covered roadway section.
  • the air in the tunnel will also be at least partially drawn into the tunnel, for example by the air flow generated at that point by the incoming traffic, and/or by injecting means mounted there if required.
  • the efficiency of the ventilation system can also be greatly increased at the same time.
  • a quantity of air will indeed gradually be confined in the tunnel, which will become increasingly polluted due to for example exhaust gases and/or dust particles.
  • the air trapped in the tunnel or other covered roadway section will therefore comprise an on average high concentration of pollution.
  • the invention is furthermore inter alia based on the knowledge that such a high concentration of pollution does not present any problems for people who are in the tunnel because the average duration for which they are in the tunnel is short.
  • the ventilation system is suitable for any type of covered roadway section, the advantages thereof are particularly apparent in route sections that are not covered for too long a distance, for example up to 2.5 km, more preferably up to 1 km and most preferably up to 500 m.
  • tunnel or covered roadway section When reference is made in this application to tunnel or covered roadway section, this is understood to mean any covered section of a traffic route.
  • the invention is thus suitable for application in roadways, railways, metro, tramways, shipping and furthermore anywhere where a problem of pollution occurs under a covering.
  • the ventilation system can therefore for example be excellently applied in tunnels that are interrupted in length, such as those prescribed for example for conveying hazardous substances.
  • the means are arranged such that the air flow realized in this way in combination with the air flow generated by the traffic on balance results in there being almost no outflow of air from the traffic exit of the roadway section.
  • the average outflow of air per unit of time is used, whereby the average is taken over the surface of the relevant traffic exit. Therefore, where reference is made in this application to "almost no outflow of air", it is understood to mean that the flow rate of the air flow from the tunnel calculated over the surface of the relevant exit is almost equal to zero.
  • the air flow produced is such that the net air rate in the tunnel mouth is reduced to approximately zero.
  • the vehicles leave the tunnel and the air that flows around the vehicles more or less remains suspended due to the counter air flow.
  • the permissible maximum speed of the vehicles in the tunnel it is possible to reduce the permissible maximum speed of the vehicles in the tunnel to 80 km/hr for example.
  • the outflow of air will be "almost" zero, because the traffic obviously fluctuates and so too the quantity of air conveyed along with the traffic.
  • the means of producing an air flow in the tunnel comprise at least one ventilating fan and preferably more than one ventilating fan. It is thus possible to provide the tunnel for example with a series of ventilating fans arranged in the longitudinal direction thereto spaced at a specific distance from each other, said fans being able to maintain the produced air flow against the traffic. In this way, any slowdown in the produced air flow due to the traffic air flow in the counter direction is reduced or prevented.
  • the covered roadway section comprises a first and a second traffic direction and the means are arranged such that they can produce an air flow counter to each traffic direction and that the air thus required for the first or second direction of traffic is substantially extracted from the second or first traffic direction respectively.
  • the air for a direction of travel - for example a tunnel tube - is therefore taken in from the other tunnel tube, where the same air flow counter to the direction of travel is generated.
  • the air is as it were turned around from one tunnel tube with respect to its direction of flow and injected into the other tunnel tube.
  • this takes place at both ends of the double tunnel tube, thus creating an air flow in the tunnel that is almost permanent when in use, that flows counter to the direction of travel and that is reversed at the extremities.
  • This air flow forms a "closed" packet of air as it were, that is circulated in the double tunnel tube counter to the direction of travel, and is confined as it were in the tunnel.
  • the traffic moves through this "closed” volume of air, whereby the exhaust gasses emitted by the traffic and dust particles are trapped in the tunnel, more particularly in this "closed" packet of air.
  • the ventilation system comprises at least two means for producing an air flow and in that these means are arranged at the level of each extremity of the covered roadway section.
  • Such means preferably comprise at least two ventilating fans.
  • the ventilation system comprises means for producing an air flow that can be regulated separately. In this way it is possible to allow for a difference in traffic intensity and/or average traffic speed between the first and second traffic direction. Because the flow rate of the air flow produced by each ventilating fan can be separately regulated, it is possible to adjust the flow rate of the outflow of air from the tunnel at each end of the tunnel to an averagely low value and preferably to zero. In a traffic direction having a large amount of fast-moving traffic, the ventilating fan arranged at the relevant extremity will, in such a case, supply a higher flow rate than the ventilating fan arranged at the extremity of a traffic direction having slower-moving traffic.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention preferably also comprises an air ducting device at the level of the extremities of the covered roadway section.
  • a ducting device ensures that air can be conveyed from the roadway section in line with the first traffic direction toward the roadway section in line with the second traffic direction.
  • the air ducting device comprises intake and injection apertures arranged around the traffic entrance and/or exit, if required said apertures being provided with blades for guiding the air flow and/or heat exchangers for cooling or warming the air flow.
  • the air ducting device preferably comprises connecting ducts provided with ventilating fans between the intake and injection apertures.
  • the ventilation system is characterized in that it also comprises at least one air outlet situated between the traffic entrance and traffic exit.
  • the inventive ventilation system as already described above, will result in a substantially "closed" volume of air in the tunnel, in which the quantity of pollution continually increases.
  • the air outlet ensures that at least a part of this air can escape from the tunnel.
  • the advantage of the air outlet is that the position thereof can be selected and therefore so can the point at which polluted air enters the environment.
  • the covered road section can be provided with more than one air outlet to spread the quantity of polluted air entering the environment.
  • the air outlets are in principle not intended to spread the quantity of polluted air over the environment.
  • the ventilation system preferably comprises at least two air outlets that can extract a quantity of air from the ventilation system independently of each other, so that the system can thus be kept in equilibrium. Furthermore by doing so, it is possible to achieve different flow rates in the two roadway sections, all depending on the traffic intensity that can vary per roadway section.
  • the ventilation system comprises means to guide the air present in the covered roadway section toward the air outlet.
  • Such means can for example be additional ventilating fans.
  • the ventilation system comprises an air outlet provided with an air treatment device, preferably an air cleaning device.
  • air treatment device preferably an air cleaning device.
  • Such devices are known per se and can for example comprise wet gas washers, electrostatic filters, cloth filters, etcetera.
  • the cleaning installation is preferably positioned in the tunnel where there is a high concentration of pollution. This can for example be in the vicinity of the ventilating fans mounted in the tunnel.
  • the air cleaning device comprises a piping system leading to a central filter unit, whereby polluted air can be conveyed to the unit.
  • a particularly suitable air cleaning device comprises the combination of a plasma reactor and a wet washer or scrubber that is preferably connected in series. This combination is effective for removing dust and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in particular.
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • a relatively high volume of nitrogen oxides and relatively low volume of hydrocarbons are generally present in the ventilation air.
  • the nitrogen oxides in the plasma reactor are at least partially converted into NO 2 which is at least partially transformed into NO 3 2- by the OH radicals present in the plasma reactor.
  • the nitric acid formed in this way can then be washed out in the scrubber connected in series, possibly together with the dust present in the polluted air.
  • the volumes of NO x and dust in the form of suspended solids are relatively low, it is possible to drain the washing water from the scrubber directly into the sewer system if required, which is a considerable advantage.
  • the wet gas washer is arranged as an NO x scrubber.
  • the washing medium applied herein is preferably a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ). Such a process can quickly be implemented at temperatures of between approximately 30°C and 80°C.
  • the ventilation system is also provided with an alarm unit and/or a cut-out unit, which operates in the event of an emergency, for example if traffic is at a standstill and/or if there is a fire.
  • the invention also relates to a method for ventilating a covered roadway section, the advantages of which have already been described above when describing the ventilation system.
  • the inventive method comprises the production of an air flow in the covered roadway section, such that this air flow in combination with the air flow generated by the traffic on balance results in there being a reduced outflow of air from the traffic exit of the covered roadway section. Further preferred embodiments of the method are described in claims 14 to 18.
  • a covered section 1 of a roadway 2 is shown.
  • the roadway comprises a first traffic direction 2a and a second traffic direction 2b, whereby R indicates the direction of travel.
  • the ventilation system comprises means (6a, 6b), preferably ventilating fans, at the level of each tunnel mouth, which are able to produce an air flow L counter to each traffic direction (2a, 2b).
  • the air volume required for the first direction of travel 2a is extracted from the second direction of travel 2b on the left-hand side of the covering 1 in the preferred embodiment shown.
  • the air volume required for the second direction of travel 2b is extracted from the first direction of travel 2a on the right-hand side of the covering 1 in the preferred embodiment shown.
  • the ventilation system further comprises an air ducting device (3a, 3b) which, as shown in Figure 2, in turn comprises intake and injection apertures 5 arranged around the traffic entrance and/or traffic exit.
  • the air ducting device (3a, 3b) further comprises connecting ducts (7a, 7b) provided with ventilating fans (6a, 6b) between the intake and injection apertures.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 1 comprises roadway sections (2a, 2b) that are situated adjacent to each other. It is also possible according to the invention for roadway sections (2a, 2b) to be situated at a slight distance from each other. In this case, the connecting ducts (7a, 7b) are of a length that exceeds the total width of both roadway sections (2a, 2b).
  • connecting ducts (7a, 7b) with auxiliary ventilating fans (not shown) to facilitate the air flow through them.
  • air it is possible in practice according to the invention for air to be taken in from direction of travel 2b by ventilating fan 6a via intake apertures 5. The air is moved through the duct 7a toward the lane having direction of travel 2a, where it is injected in the indicated direction L via injection apertures 5.
  • ventilating fan 6b On the right-hand side of Figure 1, air is taken in from direction of travel 2a by ventilating fan 6b, and then re-injected into the lane having direction of travel 2b via duct 7b and injection apertures 5.
  • Ventilating fans (6a, 6b) are adjusted, such that the air flow L produced by these fans in combination with the air flow generated by the traffic on balance results in there being almost no air flow from tunnel 1 via the traffic exits.
  • the air in a tunnel flows on average at a rate of 4-5 m/s in the direction of travel, these figures obviously depending on the speed of the vehicles.
  • the counter air flow L produced by the ventilating fans (6a, 6b) also flows at an average rate of 4-5 m/s according to the invention, thus counteracting the rate of the air carried toward the outside by the traffic 10 resulting in an average rate of approximately zero.
  • the requisite flow rate can be further realized by the auxiliary ventilating fans 8 arranged along the length of tunnel 1.
  • the ventilation system further comprises at least one air outlet 11 situated between both traffic extremities, and if required more than one.
  • Some of the ventilating fans 8 can be used to guide at least a part of the polluted air present in the covered roadway section 1 toward the air outlet 11.
  • This is preferably provided with an air cleaning device (not shown), such as a filter unit for example.
  • the air is injected around at an average flow rate of 300 m 3 /s through both tunnel tubes (12a, 12b) against the flow of traffic R. If the pollution in the tunnel tube is increased by a factor of approximately 20, a sub-flow to be guided toward the air outlet 11 at a flow rate of 15 m 3 /s is sufficient to achieve an equilibrium in the concentration of pollution.
  • the efficiency of the air cleaning process also increases by a factor of 20 compared to what is usual in the prior art, by means of the air cleaning device.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention can be applied to all enclosed roads, sunken tunnels and tunnels incorporating closed structures.
  • a continuous and substantially "closed” air flow is also obtained through both tunnel tubes, whereby the air is as it were condensed, thus causing an increase in the concentration of pollution.
  • This is at odds with the usual ventilation systems in the prior art, which are precisely aimed at rarefying the air in the tunnel tube in order to reduce the concentration of pollution.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
EP06123670A 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 Ventilation system for covered traffic ways Withdrawn EP1783323A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1030372A NL1030372C2 (nl) 2005-11-08 2005-11-08 Ventilatiesysteem en werkwijze voor het ventileren van overkapte verkeerstrajecten.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1783323A1 true EP1783323A1 (en) 2007-05-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06123670A Withdrawn EP1783323A1 (en) 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 Ventilation system for covered traffic ways

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EP (1) EP1783323A1 (nl)
NL (1) NL1030372C2 (nl)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007067056A1 (en) 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Hauzer Antonius Theodorus Ceci Ventilation system for tunnel section or covered road
CN103277128A (zh) * 2013-05-29 2013-09-04 中国人民解放军总参谋部工程兵第四设计研究院 城市轨道交通工程战时防护通风转换系统
CN104420878A (zh) * 2013-08-27 2015-03-18 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 一种隧道自然通风降温装置及其降温方法
CN111594253A (zh) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-28 北京交科公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 基于etc门架系统的公路隧道智能通风控制系统及方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2005424A1 (de) * 1970-02-06 1971-08-26 Foldiak, Janos L , Dipl Ing , 8000 München Langsbelufteter Verkehrstunnel mit in der Blasrichtung umkehrbaren Ventilatoren
DE2243846A1 (de) * 1971-09-16 1973-05-17 Stadt Wien Vertreten Durch Den Belueftungssystem fuer u-bahnen
EP0205979A1 (en) * 1985-06-11 1986-12-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Tunnel ventilating system
EP0240713A1 (en) * 1986-04-07 1987-10-14 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Controller for tunnel ventilating system
JPH1038336A (ja) * 1996-07-19 1998-02-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd トンネル換気制御装置
DE29703379U1 (de) * 1997-02-25 1998-08-27 Scheel, Arnold, Dipl.-Ing. Univ., 86161 Augsburg Anlage zur Luftreinigung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2005424A1 (de) * 1970-02-06 1971-08-26 Foldiak, Janos L , Dipl Ing , 8000 München Langsbelufteter Verkehrstunnel mit in der Blasrichtung umkehrbaren Ventilatoren
DE2243846A1 (de) * 1971-09-16 1973-05-17 Stadt Wien Vertreten Durch Den Belueftungssystem fuer u-bahnen
EP0205979A1 (en) * 1985-06-11 1986-12-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Tunnel ventilating system
EP0240713A1 (en) * 1986-04-07 1987-10-14 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Controller for tunnel ventilating system
JPH1038336A (ja) * 1996-07-19 1998-02-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd トンネル換気制御装置
DE29703379U1 (de) * 1997-02-25 1998-08-27 Scheel, Arnold, Dipl.-Ing. Univ., 86161 Augsburg Anlage zur Luftreinigung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 06 30 April 1998 (1998-04-30) *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007067056A1 (en) 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Hauzer Antonius Theodorus Ceci Ventilation system for tunnel section or covered road
US20080293350A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2008-11-27 Antonius Theodorus Cecilianus Hauzer Ventilation System for Tunnel Section or Covered Road
EP1957752B1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2014-04-09 Antonius Theodorus Cecilianus Hauzer Ventilation system for tunnel section or covered road
US9546549B2 (en) * 2005-12-09 2017-01-17 Antonius Theodorus Cecilianus Hauzer Ventilation system for tunnel section or covered road
CN103277128A (zh) * 2013-05-29 2013-09-04 中国人民解放军总参谋部工程兵第四设计研究院 城市轨道交通工程战时防护通风转换系统
CN103277128B (zh) * 2013-05-29 2014-12-24 中国人民解放军总参谋部工程兵第四设计研究院 城市轨道交通工程战时防护通风转换系统
CN104420878A (zh) * 2013-08-27 2015-03-18 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 一种隧道自然通风降温装置及其降温方法
CN111594253A (zh) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-28 北京交科公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 基于etc门架系统的公路隧道智能通风控制系统及方法
CN111594253B (zh) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-10 北京交科公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 基于etc门架系统的公路隧道智能通风控制系统及方法

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