EP1773801A1 - Procede de fabrication de tetrahydrocannabinol pur - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication de tetrahydrocannabinol pur

Info

Publication number
EP1773801A1
EP1773801A1 EP04738098A EP04738098A EP1773801A1 EP 1773801 A1 EP1773801 A1 EP 1773801A1 EP 04738098 A EP04738098 A EP 04738098A EP 04738098 A EP04738098 A EP 04738098A EP 1773801 A1 EP1773801 A1 EP 1773801A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thc
acid
compounds
tetrahydrocannabinol
salt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04738098A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Enver Arslantas
Ulrich Weigl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cilag AG
Original Assignee
Cilag AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cilag AG filed Critical Cilag AG
Publication of EP1773801A1 publication Critical patent/EP1773801A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/78—Ring systems having three or more relevant rings
    • C07D311/80—Dibenzopyrans; Hydrogenated dibenzopyrans

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the recovery of pure tetrahydrocannabinol, in particular of pure ⁇ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁇ 8 -THC) and pure ⁇ 9 -Tertravracannabinol ( ⁇ 9 -THC), in particular stereospezi ⁇ fish (enantiomeric ) pure (-) ⁇ 8 -THC and stereospecific (enantiomerically) pure (-) ⁇ 9 -THC.
  • ⁇ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁇ 8 -THC) and ⁇ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁇ 9 -THC) are known compounds and can be obtained, for example, as extract from the plant Cannabis sativa L. Chemical syntheses for these compounds are also known.
  • No. 3,560,528 describes a process for preparing ⁇ 8 -THC by reacting trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol with 3-n-pentyl-resorcinol (olivetol) in the presence of a catalytically active compound , US Pat. No.
  • 3,668,224 describes the preparation of ⁇ 9 -THC by attaching, for example, hydrogen chloride to the ⁇ 8 -double bond of ⁇ 8 -THC, where the chlorine atom binds in the 9-position, and then cleaves off hydrogen chloride , where ⁇ 9 -THC forms.
  • ⁇ 8 -THC and ⁇ 9 -THC are generally carried out by isolating ⁇ 8 -THC and ⁇ 9 -THC from the reaction mixture with a suitable organic solvent and, if appropriate, subsequently dissolving the solution ⁇ medium away.
  • ⁇ 8 -THC or ⁇ 9 -THC is obtained as a "crude product" dissolved in a solvent or in an oily form without a solvent.
  • These crude products containing ⁇ 8 -THC or ⁇ 9 -THC contain impurities as impurities. weighing starting materials and reaction by-products (eg, isomers), from which ⁇ 8 -THC or ⁇ 9 -THC have to be separated.
  • the THC compounds prepared in this way as crude products are purified by means of chromatographic methods and / or distillation. Die ⁇ se methods are generally not suitable for the purification of THC compounds on a technical scale.
  • the chromatographic separation requires a large amount of solvent, the subsequent removal of which is complicated.
  • it is disadvantageous for the distillative separation that the isomeric THC compounds to be separated are very similar both in their boiling points and in their polarities, so that very high demands must be placed on the separation performance of the devices. This requires a reduced material throughput, whereby even at high separation efficiency in larger quantities "Misch ⁇ fractions" incurred, which significantly reduces the yield.
  • these THC compounds have comparatively high boiling points in the range of 150 ° C.
  • the pure tetrahydrocannabinol compounds in particular pure ⁇ 8 -THC or pure ⁇ 9 -THC, can be obtained in very high purity by conventional chemical methods and conventional extractive purification.
  • the recovery of pure tetrahydrocannabinol compounds, such as pure ⁇ 8 -THC or ⁇ 9 -THC, is substantially simplified in this way and complicated chromatographic or distillative separation is not necessary. It is also advantageous that the process according to the invention can be used for all corresponding crude products, independently of the particular synthesis used.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the extraction of pure tetrahydrocannabinol from tetrahydrocannabinol compound-containing reaction mixtures or from Tetrahydrocannabinol compounds containing crude product, characterized in that the tetrahydro rannan benzin compound in the reaction mixture or in Roh ⁇ product, preferably below Use of a suitable solvent, converted into a crystallizable derivatives, this crystallized and isolated, and then the pure tetrahydrocannabinol compound from the crystallized derivative wins.
  • the pure tetrahydrocannabinol compound is obtained as a colorless oil which, when cooled, forms a glass. stares. Further purification steps, eg a distillation or preparative HPLC, are not required.
  • the vorlie ⁇ invention preferably relates to a method for obtaining pure ⁇ 8 -THC or ⁇ 9 -THC from ⁇ 8 -THC and / or ⁇ 9 -THC containing reaction mixture or crude product by the ⁇ 8 - contained therein THC or ⁇ 9 -THC converts into a crystallizable derivatives, this crystallized and isolated, and then the pure ⁇ 8 -THC or the pure ⁇ 9 -THC, wins from the crystallized derivative.
  • Preference is given to obtaining stereospecific (enantiomerically) pure ⁇ 8 -THC and stereospecific (enantiomerically) pure ⁇ 9 -THC.
  • the present invention also relates to the pure tetrahydrocannabinol compounds prepared in this way, in particular the pure compounds ⁇ 8 -THC and ⁇ 9 -THC prepared according to the invention.
  • the present invention also relates to the crystallizable derivatives of the tetrahydrocannabinol compounds used as intermediate product and to the crystallized derivatives of the tetrahydrocanna-binol compounds used as intermediates, in particular those of ⁇ 8 -THC and ⁇ 9 -THC.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of the compounds prepared according to the invention for the production of a medicament for human therapy and the medicaments prepared in this way.
  • tetrahydrocannabinol compounds means compounds of the following formulas (I) and (IA):
  • R 1 hydrogen, chlorine, (Ci_i 0 ) alkyl, preferably nC 5 Hn.
  • Crystallizable derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol compounds which are prepared in virtually quantitative yield. and can be crystallized from solutions are, for example, the 2-naphthoyl ester of ⁇ 8 -THC of the formula (II) and the 2-naphthoyl ester of ⁇ 9 -THC, the formula (IIA):
  • the naphthoyl radical may be substituted, for example by nitro, bromo or methyl groups, preferably in position 5 or 8.
  • the corresponding substituted 1-naphthoyl compounds may also be present.
  • the amide-bound naphthyl radicals and also polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives, for example derivatives of 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid or 9-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, optionally substituted analogously to the naphthoyl derivatives, are crystallizable.
  • esters and amide compounds of ⁇ 8 -THC and ⁇ 9 -THC which contain a salt-capable group in the ester or amide substituent, for example a carboxyl group or an amine moiety.
  • crystallizable tetrahydrocannabinol compounds which can be used in the process according to the invention are encompassed by the following formulas (III) and (IIIA):
  • Ri is hydrogen, chloro, (Ci-io) -alkyl, preferably nC 5 Hii;
  • X is -O- or -NH-, preferably -O- (oxygen); and R 2 is an optionally substituted aliphatic or aromatic radical which optionally carries a substituent capable of forming a salt; or a heterocyclic radical which may itself be capable of salt formation and / or optionally bears a substituent capable of salt formation; or a residue of an aliphatic or aromatic polybasic acid, preferably a dibasic acid, which does not correspond to the
  • THC derivative-bonded acid group preferably forms a salt-capable radical or is connected to such or the compound is a salt.
  • Ri as (Ci-io) -alkyl is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, preferably nC 5 Hu.
  • R 2 as alifatic radical, which preferably carries a salt-capable radical, preferably denotes optionally substituted corresponding methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, aminobenzyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • R 2 as an aromatic radical which optionally carries a substituent capable of salt formation preferably denotes phenyl optionally substituted by nitro, halogen, methyl or sulfonyl or naphthyl optionally substituted by nitro, halogen, methyl or sulfonyl, preferably unsubstituted naphthyl.
  • R 2 is a heterocyclic radical which is optionally itself capable of salt formation and / or optionally carries a substituent capable of salt formation, is, for example, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, the corresponding picoline, Pyrazine, pyrazole, pyrrole or indole derivatives, preferably substituents derived from pyridinecarboxylic acid or pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
  • R 2 may also be asparagine [-O (O) C-CH (NH 2 ) -CH 2 CONH 2 ] or aspartic acid [-O (O) C-CH (NH 2 ) CH 2 -C (O) OH] ,
  • R 2 as the radical of an aromatic di- or polycarboxylic acid preferably denotes the radical of phthalic acid or terephthalic acid, wherein the acid group not bonded to the THC derivative is optionally bonded to a salt capable of forming a salt.
  • the acid group not attached to the THC derivative can be linked to a diamine by means of an amide bond.
  • salt formation can take place with the salt capable of forming a salt or with the diamine residue and, for example, the corresponding hydro- chloride or hydrobromide, nitrate, oxalate or salts with methylsulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid or benzenesulfonic acid.
  • the following ⁇ 9 -THC derivative as base or as salt, can be prepared and crystallized in pure form, the pure ⁇ 9 -THC subsequently being able to be recovered from the derivative with per se known hydrolysis.
  • substituents are preferably bromine, nitro, methyl, preferably in the 5- or 8-position.
  • ester derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol compounds preferably of ⁇ 8 -THC and ⁇ 9 -THC, with polycyclic carboxylic acids, such as 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid or 9-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, whose anthracene radical or phenanthrene radical is optionally substituted.
  • polycyclic carboxylic acids such as 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid or 9-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, whose anthracene radical or phenanthrene radical is optionally substituted.
  • salts of ester derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol compounds preferably of ⁇ 8 -THC and ⁇ 9 -THC, with dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid or oxalic acid with a suitable counterion as cation, this cation preferably an alkali or Alkaline earth ion, preferably Na + , K + , Ca +2 or Mg +2 or ammonium or a primary secondary or tertiary ammonium ion.
  • Suitable ammonium ions are, for example, the cations of the following amines: dibenzylamine, tert-butylamine, choline, trishydroxymethylamine, ethylenediamine.
  • Salts of ester derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol compounds preferably of ⁇ 8 -THC and ⁇ 9 -THC, with dicarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid or oxalic acid, which are attached to the free carboxyl group (not bonded to the THC derivative) are also preferred with a diamine, preferably with piperazine or N-methypiperazine, are linked via an amide bond, and the salt vor ⁇ preferably as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, nitrate, oxalate, tosylate, mesylate, or besylate present.
  • the corresponding N-methylpiperazine derivative of phthalic acid is hydrochloride.
  • Catalyst preferably p-toluenesulfonic acid or BF 3 Et 2 O at elevated temperature, preferably higher than 50 0 C. (> 50 ° C), preferably higher than 80 0 C (> 80 ° C), in a non-reactive organic solvent, for example in toluene, to ⁇ 8 -THC reacted (or ⁇ 9 -THC at BF 3 -Et 2 O. ).
  • crude ⁇ 8 -THC or ⁇ 9 -THC in BF 3 Et 2 O
  • the protection of any reactive groups is not required (Literature: Petrzilka, Helvetica Chimica Acta 1969, 52, 1102; Radzan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 5860, cited above).
  • the crude ⁇ 8 -THC naphthoyl ester is dissolved in a water-immiscible aprotic solvent and treated with a desired naphthoic acid chloride using a base, preferably a tertiary amine, at 0-100 0 C, preferably 20-25 0 C reacted to the ester.
  • a base preferably a tertiary amine
  • the reaction mixture is washed with aqueous buffer solution.
  • methanol or another suitable alcohol the ⁇ 8 -THC naphthoyl ester is precipitated from the solvent.
  • the crude ⁇ 8 -THC naphthoyl ester can be recrystallized from a variety of organic solvents (e.g., acetonitrile).
  • ⁇ 8 -THC For the recovery of ⁇ 8 -THC from the ⁇ 8 -THC-naphthoyl ester is the latter at 0-100 0 C, preferably at room temperature, in a mixture of water-miscible solvents (eg, THF and / or alcohols and / or acetone ) and water with a soluble in this solvent mixture strong base (eg sodium hydroxide or diethylamine), preferably hydroxydases, saponified.
  • strong base eg sodium hydroxide or diethylamine
  • the organic solvent is distilled off from the reaction mixture, and the aqueous-oily residue is extracted with a non-water-miscible solvent (eg, a hydrocarbon). After evaporation of the organic phase, the ⁇ 8 -THC is obtained.
  • a non-water-miscible solvent eg, a hydrocarbon
  • ⁇ 8 -THC is preferably dissolved in a water-immiscible solvent, for example ethyl acetate.
  • a water-immiscible solvent for example ethyl acetate.
  • HCl gas By introducing HCl gas, the reaction mixture is saturated with HCl.
  • a Lewis acid eg zinc chloride, and stirred the mixture at 0-50 0 C Letsge ⁇ .
  • the reaction mixture is washed first with water and then with aqueous buffer solution.
  • the organic phase is evaporated and the residue is dissolved in a water-immiscible solvent, for example in toluene.
  • an excess of a solution of an alkoxide in the appropriate solvent for example in toluene, is added and the reaction mixture is heated until the elimination of
  • the crude ⁇ 9 -THC naphthoyl ester (containing ⁇ 5% ⁇ 8 -THC naphthoyl ester) is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example THF.
  • a suitable organic solvent for example THF.
  • the enriched ⁇ 9 -THC naphthoyl ester (reduction of the ⁇ 8 -THC naphthoyl ester by 25-90%, as a rule by about 50%) is precipitated by addition of a suitable alcohol.
  • ⁇ 9 -THC is dissolved in a suitable solvent, for example THF, and at least in one equivalent of water, with a strong base soluble in it, for example a diamine and at 0-100 0 C, preferably stirred at room temperature until the ester cleavage is complete. Then, a little water is added and the ⁇ 9 -THC extracted with a unpo ⁇ laren organic solvent, optionally after vor ⁇ usual distilling off the Scheme ⁇ for the ester cleavage set solvent. The organic phase is evaporated and dried under high vacuum.
  • a suitable solvent for example THF
  • a strong base soluble in it for example a diamine and at 0-100 0 C
  • THC compounds The preparation of the THC compounds is known per se from the literature.
  • the ester formation can be carried out by analogous process conditions known per se for the reaction of an alcohol with an acid chloride or, if appropriate, another activated acid derivative (anhydride). chloride, bromide) with base addition.
  • the choice of base is largely arbitrary and known from analogous methods.
  • Suitable solvents are all aprotic solvents. Temperatures in the range of the melting to boiling points of the solvents are prin ciple possible (to at least 100 0 C).
  • the THC esters can be crystallized / recrystallized in suitable solvents or combinations of solvent / anti-solvent.
  • the solvents are substance-dependent.
  • aprotic solvents preferably polar aprotic solvents (for example THF, acetonitrile, acetone) are suitable as solvents.
  • anti-solvents are particularly suitable
  • Alcohols e.g. polar alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol or higher (nonpolar and polar) alcohols, and optionally (if miscible with the solvent) also water.
  • the ester cleavage takes place according to the known method of converting an ester and water with a strong base (pH> 10, preferably at pH> 12).
  • Suitable bases are inorganic bases (if soluble in the solvent chosen) or amines. Due to the required pH, stronger amines such as diamines are preferred.
  • Solvents are all solvents into consideration, in which ester, base and at least small amounts of water dissolve and which are inert in the chosen system. Preference is given to water-miscible solvents, such as alcohols, THF or acetonitrile, or poorly water-miscible solvents having a certain residual polarity (for example ether, dichloromethane, toluene). Temperatures in the range from the melting point to the boiling point of the Engels ⁇ means are in principle possible (to at least 100 0 C).
  • the THC compounds are purified by picking them up in a water-immiscible solvent (either directly from the ester cleavage, or, if the solvent used there is water-soluble, by concentration of the mixture, if appropriate after neutralization, and addition a water-immiscible Wegs ⁇ means) optionally with the addition of water. Then the impurities (base for ester cleavage, acid for neutralization, naphthoic acid anion) are extracted into the aqueous phase. For the purification, a hydrocarbon is preferred as the solvent, since thereby the separation of the impurities is more effective. The organic phase is then concentrated and dried in vacuo from the extraction solvent.
  • THC esters of simple acids In the synthesis of THC esters with diacids or their derivatives, a counterion for the precipitation still has to be added, the conditions being uncritical and known from analogous reactions, and the solvents being optionally adjusted, as mentioned above in the text. It can Alcohols from non-solvents to solvents.
  • aqueous residue is taken up in 140 ml of water and extracted with 100 ml and 50 ml of MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), the organic phase is extracted 4-5 times with half-saturated NaHCO 3 solution (100 ml each) and finally with Washed saturated NaCl solution. Drying over MgSO 4 and evaporating the solvent gives about 10.7 g of amber oil (GC:> 95% ⁇ 8 -THC).
  • MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Pyrane Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de tétrahydrocannabinol pur à partir de mélanges de réaction contenant des composés de tétrahydrocannabinol ou d'un produit brut contenant des composés de tétrahydrocannabinol, consistant à transformer le composé de tétrahydrocannabinol du mélange de réaction ou du produit brut en dérivé cristallisable, de préférence au moyen d'un solvant adapté, à séparer le dérivé cristallisable par cristallisation et à l'isoler, puis à fabriquer ensuite le composé de tétrahydrocannabinol pur à partir du dérivé cristallisé. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation des composés ainsi fabriqués pour la fabrication d'un médicament destiné à l'homme, ainsi que les médicaments ainsi fabriqués.
EP04738098A 2004-07-19 2004-07-19 Procede de fabrication de tetrahydrocannabinol pur Withdrawn EP1773801A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH2004/000458 WO2006007734A1 (fr) 2004-07-19 2004-07-19 Procede de fabrication de tetrahydrocannabinol pur

Publications (1)

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EP1773801A1 true EP1773801A1 (fr) 2007-04-18

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Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7923558B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1773801A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1997636B (fr)
CA (1) CA2573859A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006007734A1 (fr)

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WO2006007734A1 (fr) 2006-01-26
CN1997636A (zh) 2007-07-11
US20080275237A1 (en) 2008-11-06
CN1997636B (zh) 2011-09-28
US7923558B2 (en) 2011-04-12
CA2573859A1 (fr) 2006-01-26

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