Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
  • H05K7/02—Arrangements of circuit components or wiring on supporting structure
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
  • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
  • H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames
  • H05K7/1427—Housings
  • H05K7/1432—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters
  • H05K7/14339—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters specially adapted for high voltage operation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
  • H05K1/02—Details
  • H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
  • H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
  • H05K1/0353—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement
  • H05K1/0366—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement reinforced, e.g. by fibres, fabrics
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
  • H05K3/20—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern
  • H05K3/202—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern using self-supporting metal foil pattern

Definitions

• Carrier platform for electrical components and module with the carrier platform
• a carrier platform is specified as well as an electrical module with the carrier platform and electronic components, in particular a module designed as a network compensation device.
• a carrier platform is known from EP 0 387 845.
• One task to be solved is to specify a carrier platform suitable for high currents.
• a carrier platform is based on the idea of providing a stable and powerful carrier platform made of an electrically insulating material, which can be used for high currents, for mounting electrical components, in particular components of power electronics and power distribution, which together form a functional unit Power lines can be integrated.
• a fiber composite material which contains a proportion of reinforcing glass fibers can be selected as the material of the carrier platform.
• the carrier platform made of a fiber composite material can be produced in an inexpensive pressing process.
• a carrier platform with a molded body which contains a fiber composite material, which has a proportion of reinforcing fibers.
• At least one busbar is arranged in the molded body and can be contacted via contact elements.
• the contact elements each have an exposed contact area that is therefore accessible from outside the carrier platform.
• the busbars are preferably at least partially positively integrated in the molded body or embedded in the molded body.
• busbars are preferably one-piece power lines. Busbars are understood to mean those power lines which can carry a current of at least 20 A, preferably at least 100 A, without being destroyed thereby.
• the busbars - preferably copper bars - are preferably designed as ribbon cables.
• any power lines can be at least partially or completely integrated and in particular embedded in the molded body.
• the integration of the power lines means that the power line in the circumferential direction on all sides depends on the material of the molded body, ie. H. Fiber composite material is surrounded.
• the power lines or busbars can have an arbitrarily shaped, in particular rectangular or round, cross section.
• a contact bar comprises a busbar, which can be flat or round in cross section, and preferably at least two vertical or vertical contact elements which are perpendicular to the busbar and are preferably arranged at different ends or at different branches of the busbar and in particular form internal connections of the carrier platform for connecting electronic components.
• the contact elements are electrical and z.
• a feed line can have a busbar and one or more vertical contact elements for contacting components.
• a supply line can also have, in addition to a busbar, on the one hand at least one vertical contact element for contacting a component and on the other hand an external connection or a further contact element for external contacting.
• Contact elements are preferably integrated in the molded body as internal connections for connecting components.
• installation locations can be defined into which certain electrical components are fitted.
• At least two internal connections are assigned to one slot.
• External connections can be formed on the molded body of the carrier platform.
• the AU- External connections can, however, also be formed by parts of the busbars integrated in the molded body which protrude from the molded body.
• Different components are electrically connected to one another or to external connections by means of electrical supply lines (power lines).
• electrical supply lines power lines
• At least some of the supply lines are at least partially form-fitting, e.g. B. is integrated by a casting or pressing process in the carrier platform.
• An internal connection for connecting components contained in the module or an external connection for external circuitry of the module can be connected directly to a supply line or busbar or can be designed as an exposed contact area of the corresponding busbar. It is possible that at least one supply line z. B. is designed as a phase busbar, which preferably has externally accessible external connections at its two ends projecting from the molded body.
• An installation space is preferably assigned at least two vertical contact elements, which preferably have a mounting device for mounting the component or even for mounting such a component, for. B. by screwing or plugging.
• the vertical contact elements are preferably cylindrical and can have an internal thread.
• the vertical contact elements can alternatively each be designed in the form of a socket, preferably provided with spring contacts, which, as a mounting device, has an opening for receiving plug contacts (of a component).
• the vertical contact elements are preferably arranged in the body of the carrier platform in such a way that only their mounting device is exposed.
• the mounting device is by means of fastening devices such. B. fastening bolts, plugs or clips connected to a connection of the component.
• the vertical contact elements can each be designed as a plug or threaded bolt protruding from the molded body, which can be connected to a correspondingly shaped fastening device, in this case a socket or a screw nut.
• a mechanical connection by means of fastening devices can in principle be replaced by a monolithic connection (preferably a welded connection) and vice versa.
• a carrier platform described here has the advantage that, because of the integration in the molded body of the carrier platform, the feed lines do not require any additional insulating covering.
• the integration of the power lines in the carrier platform eliminates the need for manual assembly of the electrical connections.
• a positive fixed connection - in particular an embedding, e.g. B. by pouring, gluing or pressing - between the integrated power lines and the molded body of the support platform has advantages over the known mechanical, multi-part for applications with plastic housings due to a high mechanical stability of the molded body.
• B. designed as plug-in bushings, which electrically connect the external connections of a functional unit with the connections of the corresponding assembly.
• Embedding power lines, in particular electrical feedthrough elements has the advantage that a hermetically or sufficiently gas-tight module area can be created.
• Embedding busbars in the shaped body of the carrier platform is particularly advantageous if the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the busbars is matched to the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the carrier platform, i. H. if the relative deviation of the expansion coefficients does not exceed a predetermined limit value ⁇ .
• ß z. B 10%, 20% or 30%.
• the expansion coefficients of the metal of the embedded power lines and the plastic of the platform body are exactly matched to each other (ß ⁇ 0.01).
• a fiber composite material preferably comprises a polymer and a proportion of glass fibers which are embedded in a polymer matrix.
• the glass fibers ensure mechanical strength of the carrier platform, while the u. a. polymer, which also serves to connect glass fibers, can ensure high insulation strength and tightness of the platform.
• the carrier platform is preferably used (as part of a housing) to build a modular system for improving the energy quality of low voltage networks.
• These are network compensation devices, also called reactive power control units, which are constructed as preferably housed modules.
• Such a module preferably has a number of external connections corresponding to the number of current phases.
• phase power rails are integrated in the body of the carrier platform as power lines, which can be connected to a power network.
• the phase busbars are preferably integrated or embedded in the body of the carrier platform in a form-fitting manner and connected to leads which lead to modular components.
• the number of phase busbars corresponds to the number of current phases in the power grid.
• three phase busbars preferably running parallel to one another, are therefore provided in the carrier platform.
• each phase busbar has external connections at its two ends and is connected in parallel with the network line between the network operator and the network consumer.
• the carrier platform described here forms the basis of a common enclosure for (preferably all) functionally relevant modular components, the components being able to be installed in the housing in particular “naked”, ie as components that are not housed in themselves, in order to reduce material costs for housing To save individual components, assembly costs and construction volume, most or all of the components are therefore preferably unhoused.
• a reactive power control unit in which unhoused electrical components are arranged on a common platform and a housing which is common to at least some of the electrical components is arranged on the platform.
• the platform does not necessarily have to have the properties described here in detail.
• capacitors without individual housings as well as contactors and fuses can be arranged in the specified module.
• the fuses too and the contactors preferably do not have individual housings, but are unhoused. "naked”. Volume can be saved by dispensing with individual housings and by simultaneously forming a common housing for several components.
• weight can be saved, and the manufacturing costs for such a module can also be reduced.
• the modules described offer the possibility of standardization, which means that a standardized module suitable for a specific electrical power to be regulated is defined, and that to regulate a predetermined electrical reactive power simply add the number of required modules that are identical to one another a large network compensation device can be interconnected. This offers the advantage over the usual small series that an industrial series production with low production costs is made possible.
• At least one hood can be arranged on the molded body of the carrier platform to form a housing.
• a hood is provided on opposite sides of the molded body, wherein a first hood z. B. as a tight-fitting hood preferably made of metal, e.g. B. stainless steel and a second, preferably removable hood made of plastic.
• a first hood z. B. as a tight-fitting hood preferably made of metal, e.g. B. stainless steel and a second, preferably removable hood made of plastic.
• the proposed concept of a power module ensures in particular the fulfillment of important fire protection standards and the requirement for location-independent installation and is environmentally friendly.
• the functional unit of a reactive power compensation module is preferably divided into several functional groups, each in its own cavity or module area, ie. H. are housed separately from other functional groups of the same module.
• Each function group is preferably assigned its own module area that is mechanically isolated from other module areas.
• a functional group comprises a number of preferably electrically connected, preferably identical components or, alternatively, a number of different components which implement at least part of a specific compensation circuit.
• a functional group can therefore comprise components which are assigned to different current phases or a plurality of components of a circuit branch which is assigned to a current phase.
• the power capacitors preferably form a separate (first) functional group, while most or all of the other components of the functional unit form a second functional group that is housed by itself.
• Fastening points on the carrier platform can preferably be used as inserts, ie as sockets with a continuous or a blind hole and an internal thread or else in the form of fastening areas.
• Electrical lead-through elements are preferably integrated or at least partially embedded in the carrier platform of a module with a plurality of module areas housed per se, which electrically connect the module areas to one another.
• the shaped body of the carrier platform z. B. is formed in two parts, recesses for receiving busbars, in particular phase busbars, are formed in at least one of the parts of the molded body on its inward side (ie the other part).
• the parts of the support platform can be arranged with each other and with the busbars z. B. glued, screwed or otherwise mechanically firmly connected.
• a network compensation device with the function of a phase shifter is also specified.
• a phase shifter module u comprises a functional unit which comprises at least one capacitance per current phase, which, for. B. represents a power capacitor.
• the functional unit can also have a switching device - preferably a contactor - and at least one fuse per current phase.
• self-healing three-phase power capacitors which can be fully impregnated or manufactured using dry technology, are preferably used.
• MKK metallized plastic fabric film, compact design
• Oil-filled and oil-impregnated capacitors can also be used.
• a capacitor can be designed as a round, layer or flat winding.
• a capacitor winding package can be used as the capacity of the module, which has a certain number of mechanically fixed and electrically connected to one another by means of power lines, for.
• B. includes triangular or star-connected individual capacitor windings.
• the capacitor winding package is preferably "naked", i. H. in itself in the module housing, preferably arranged in a hermetically sealed first module area.
• the hermetic seal between housing parts - d. H. between the molded body and a hood preferably designed as a metal hood can, for. B. by gluing or screwing and using a suitable sealant.
• Switching power capacitors can cause high peak voltages and high inrush currents, which reduces the life of the capacitors.
• a capacitor contactor structure with precharging resistor can be used to dampen this load, preferably largely without a housing.
• Capacitor-discharge devices such as discharge inductors and / or discharge resistors can be provided in the functional assembly.
• B. can be designed as air coils.
• Securing elements can be provided with brackets, but are preferably largely without housing.
• Safety devices such as. B. a temperature sensor or a pressure switch can be contained in the functional unit of the module and arranged in the module housing.
• the module offers several independent safety devices: an overpressure switch and a temperature-sensitive switch.
• an overpressure tear-off protection can be installed if necessary.
• the overpressure tear-off protection can in the capacitor area of the module, for. B. can be realized in that the tear-off force and the tear-off path of a safety wire is selected such that the hood provides sufficient deformation paths and tear-off force in the event of overpressure in the capacitor area, in particular at the end of the life of the self-healing capacitors or in the event of a fault for tearing off the safety wire ,
• a safety device for a capacitor in which a temperature switch is arranged in the vicinity of a point of high thermal power (also called a hot spot).
• the temperature switch can be, for example, a temperature-dependent microswitch based on a bimetal switch. If the capacitor overheats, the temperature-dependent microswitch switches over and can, for example, actuate a contactor or another switching device used in the modules specified here to remove the capacitor from the mains or to switch it off, thereby further heating the capacitor and destroying the whole Prevent arrangement.
• the temperature switch is particularly preferably arranged in the interior of the core tube of the capacitor.
• the core tube is preferably hollow on the inside and is wound on the outside with the capacitor winding.
• the safety device is preferably used for unhoused capacitors or for capacitors, one or more of which are installed in a module specified here. Capacitors are particularly suitable which can process an electrical reactive power of 12.5 to 50 kvar per capacitor winding.
• the safety concept described here can be expanded by a pressure switch that senses the pressure in a capacitor housing or in a housing with several unhoused individual capacitor windings and is also coupled to a switching device. When the pressure rises above a predetermined limit value, the pressure switch switches off the switching device, which in turn disconnects the capacitor from the mains.
• the pressure switch can preferably also be arranged in the second functional group, for example for reasons of space or in order not to be exposed to the heat of the first functional group.
• suitable sealing measures for example sealing rings, which are used to push the pressure sensor into Sealing the insert against the environment can also be ensured for sufficient tightness of the tightly closed module area, preferably containing the capacitors.
• Mounting devices for fastening control or signal lines for the switches or sensors can also be placed on the housing of the module or inside the housing.
• the module can be a preferably integrated element in the housing cover with an externally visible display such.
• a module with the function of a line filter is provided as the line compensation device.
• a network compensation device designed as a line filter as well as a device provided for reactive current compensation can, in addition to power capacitors, e.g. B. include the following components: filter circuit chokes as inductors, discharge chokes or discharge resistors, fuses or switch disconnectors, control modules such. B. temperature sensors and switching devices such. B. contactors or dynamic switching elements such as thyristors.
• a device for reactive current compensation in which, in addition to one or more capacitors, which may also be able to process very high electrical powers, a switching device for switching the capacitors on and off is also provided.
• Such Switching device can be provided, for example, by a contactor.
• a switching device can also be implemented using one or more thyristors.
• the advantage of thyristors is that they enable a dynamic switching process, that is to say that the capacitor is coupled to the network to a certain extent "gently". This largely prevents transient processes in the network, ie the occurrence of harmonics.
• the use of thyristors has the advantage that they are subject to extremely little wear and thus an almost arbitrary number of switching operations for switching the capacitors on or off can be carried out.
• a reactive power compensation module is also specified which can process a high electrical reactive power with a very small volume and also with a very low weight.
• a module is specified that can process a reactive power greater than 20 kvar.
• a module is specified that can process a reactive power of 50 to 100 and greater than 100 kvar.
• Such a module has a weight that is preferably less than 50 kg, in particular a module is specified with a weight that is between 20 and 50 kg, preferably between 33 and 38 kg.
• the module specified here also has very small dimensions, in particular the module requires an enclosed volume that is smaller than 100 1. In particular, the required volume is between 20 and 50 1, preferably 39 to 53 1.
• a module that fulfills the above-mentioned key figures regarding electrical power, weight and volume can be implemented, for example, by using a written carrier platform in connection with unhoused electrical power capacitors and in connection with possibly also unhoused switching elements such as contactors or thyristors.
• a module designed as a line filter preferably comprises a choked capacitor, i. H. a series connection of a capacitor and an inductance preferably chosen as a choke coil (three-phase coil).
• a choked capacitor i. H. a series connection of a capacitor and an inductance preferably chosen as a choke coil (three-phase coil).
• the resonance frequency z. B. is preferably set by designing the choke so that it is below a cut-off frequency, for example the fifth harmonic frequency (250 Hz).
• the choked capacitor thus acts inductively for all higher harmonic frequencies, which can curb dangerous resonances between the capacitor and network inductances at higher frequencies.
• the line filter module can also contain other components mentioned above.
• Network compensation devices are switched by means of reactive power regulators, which, for. B. are available as a separate module and can be connected to the network compensation modules.
• An electronic module is also specified, which is designed on the basis of the carrier platform described here.
• one or more capacitors optionally built into a housing, are provided.
• the capacitors can preferably be power capacitors.
• the module can be used for many different purposes and does not necessarily have to compensate for reactive currents. Rather, functions are also conceivable, such as filtering harmonics or using them as harmonic filters.
• a modular device for phase shifting between current and voltage of a network is also specified.
• the device can also be used as a reactive power compensation device.
• the device can contain one or more phase shifter modules connected in series.
• phase shift modules described here come into consideration, which can each process an electrical reactive power of 50 to 100 kvar, for example.
• the modular structure has the advantage that flexible adaptation to the given requirements is possible. For example, in order to set up a phase shifter device with an electrical output of 200 kvar, a number of two phase shifter modules, each with an electrical output of 100 kvar, can be built up with interconnection. Due to the compact individual modules described here, the entire phase shifter device can also be designed to save space and weight. In addition, the device has the advantage that flexible adaptation to smaller or larger reactive powers to be processed is possible.
• FIG. 1A, IB, IC each show a schematic plan view of a module.
• Figure ID shows a variant of the housing with a carrier platform in a schematic cross section.
• FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a functional unit suitable for reactive power compensation, which comprises three-phase capacitors, discharge chokes or resistors, three-phase chokes, fuses, phase power lines and a capacitor contactor.
• Figure 3 shows a delta connection of individual compact LC elements.
• Figure 4 shows the structure of an exemplary LC element.
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the LC element according to FIG. 4.
• FIG. 6 shows a further compensation module in a schematic cross section perpendicular to the axes of the phase busbars.
• FIG. 7 shows an exemplary construction of electrical supply lines.
• FIG. 8 shows sections of the carrier platform shown in FIG. 9 in a schematic cross section.
• FIG. 9 shows a module according to FIG. 6 in a schematic cross section parallel to the axes of the phases. conductor rails and perpendicular to the plane in which the axes of the phase conductor rails lie.
• FIG. 10 shows a module according to FIG. 6 in a schematic cross section parallel to the plane in which the axes of the phase busbars lie.
• FIG. 11A shows a further module in a schematic cross section perpendicular to the axes of the phase busbars.
• FIG. 11B shows the module according to FIG. 11A in a further schematic cross section parallel to the axes of the phase busbars and perpendicular to the plane in which the axes of the phase busbars lie.
• FIG. 12A shows a perspective view of the structure of internal connections of the phase busbars integrated in the molded body of the carrier platform.
• FIG. 12B a section of a further perspective view of the arrangement according to FIG. 12a.
• FIG. 13A shows an exemplary construction of an electrical feedthrough, which is embedded in the carrier platform, in a broken representation.
• FIG. 13B shows an exemplary construction of internal connections of the integrated phase busbars.
• Figure 14 shows a modular phase shifter device.
• Figures 15 and 16 show a security concept.
• FIG. 17 shows the glass expansion-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion a for various mixtures of a polyester resin with reinforcing glass.
• FIG. 1A shows a schematic plan view of a module which has a molded body 1 as a carrier platform, a first hood 2 and a second hood 3.
• the first hood 2 is preferably made of metal.
• the second hood can be made of metal or plastic.
• a preferably hermetically sealed first module area 1 - 1 is arranged, which preferably accommodates capacitors.
• a second module area 1-2 is arranged between the molded body 1 and the second hood 3. Both module areas are by means of electrical feedthroughs and feed lines, not visible here. T. electrically connected to each other through the carrier platform and to phase busbars 41, 42, 43, wherein they are mechanically separated from one another by the molded body 1 of the carrier platform.
• the phase busbars 41, 42, 43 are designed here as three mutually parallel copper ribbon cables.
• the phase busbars can be designed as copper bars. They preferably have a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 15 mm. This ensures sufficient current carrying capacity (720 A at 50 Hz as nominal current) and the copper bars are suitable for a maximum total power of 500 kvar electrical reactive power. This means that in a modular construction of several series-connected reactive current compensation modules up to five such modules can be connected in parallel, each module having an electrical power of 100 kvar. In other embodiments, the thickness can also be only 10 mm or 5 mm.
• busbars For phase shifter modules in which a parallel connection of several modules is not provided, it is sufficient if the busbars have a smaller cross section of, for example, 30 mm in width and 5 mm in thickness.
• the geometric dimensions are not limited to the numerical values mentioned, but copper bars are also possible, in which the width or thickness deviate from the numerical values mentioned, but in which the cross-sectional area roughly corresponds to the values described here.
• the current carrying capacity scales with the cross-sectional area. That with a double cross-section of the busbar, a double current can also be carried.
• the cross section should preferably not be less than 5 x 20 mm 2 , corresponding to a current carrying capacity of about 160 A.
• Part of a first 41, a second 42 and a third 43-phase busbar is embedded in the molded body 1.
• the shaped body can preferably be formed such that, in addition to one or more busbars, further metallic elements, such as bushings or inserts, are embedded in them. Furthermore, the molded body can be covered with a hood which engages in a groove arranged in the molded body. To ensure the permanent tightness of the molded body or the entire support platform To ensure sufficient cavities formed with covering hoods, it is advantageous if the coefficients of linear expansion of the various materials involved are matched to one another.
• Reinforcing glass for example, E-glass fiber
• a matrix of largely unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester are particularly suitable as components for the production of the shaped body.
• the molded body can also contain a proportion of mineral fillers.
• CTI is the abbreviation for the term "Comparative Tracking Index”.
• CTI is the comparison number of creepage distance formation. Insulation materials no longer serve their insulating purpose if there are creepage paths for electricity due to pollution or moisture on their surface.
• CTI is the maximum voltage - measured in volts - at which 50 drops of contaminated water do not cause any creepage path formation on the insulation material. This test is specified in IEC 112.
• the carrier platform or the molded body meets the fire protection standard NFF 16 101/102 with the appropriate classification.
• the platform In a first embodiment of the platform, it is covered with a steel hood.
• a mixture of polyester resin and reinforcing glass in the form of a composite material is selected for the shaped body, 30% resin and 70% reinforcing glass being contained in the material.
• the resin has a coefficient of linear expansion c. of 35 x 10 ⁇ / K and the reinforcement glass has a coefficient of linear expansion of 6 x 10 "6 / K, so you get a coefficient of linear expansion of the composite of about 14 x 10 _6 / K.
• the coefficient of linear expansion can be adapted to a conductor rail (copper line). It makes sense to use a mixture of 50% resin and 50% reinforcing glass, a coefficient of thermal expansion for the resin c. of 30 x 10 "6 / K and a thermal expansion coefficient of 5 x 10 ⁇ 6 / K applies to the reinforcement glass. A composite material with a linear expansion coefficient c. of about 10 ⁇ 6 / K is then obtained.
• FIG. 17 shows a curve A for a first resin composition and a curve B for a second resin composition.
• the two resin compositions differ in their linear expansion coefficient in the pure, i.e. in a glass-free condition.
• the graphic representation shows that the expansion coefficient can be set particularly preferably by adding a glass portion in the composite material via an assumed linear relationship between the glass portion and the expansion coefficient a.
• another degree of freedom consists in the selection of a suitable resin from a whole group of available resins. Two different resin materials are explained in FIG. 17 merely by way of example.
• a glass content of 27% is used together with a suitable resin.
• a platform or shaped body produced with such a glass portion has a coefficient of linear expansion c_ of approximately 23 x 10-6 / ⁇ . This results in a mismatch to the steel material of 10 x 10 "6 / K, to the brass material of 5 x 10 " 6 / K and to the copper material of approximately 6 x 10 "6 / K.
• Such a mismatch corresponds to one preferred embodiment of the carrier platform, where appropriate the mismatch can also be greater, for example the platform can also have a larger coefficient of linear expansion.
• the material steel is relatively uncritical because an elastic adhesive can be arranged between the platform and the steel cap, which can compensate for small differences in length.
• an elastic adhesive can be arranged between the platform and the steel cap, which can compensate for small differences in length.
• the material brass occurs only in the form of small inserts, so that here, too, at least small differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion are relatively uncritical.
• the situation is different for the busbars, which run through the platform or the shaped body along a relatively long distance and thus add infinitesimal differences in length expansion in the end to a noticeable difference in length expansion or length difference when the temperature rises.
• the glass fraction in the fiber composite material is between 25 and 35% by weight.
• the glass portion is chosen to be somewhat lower than it would be for a given polyester resin and thus a fixed predetermined coefficient of linear expansion of the polyester resin, taking into account the explanations for FIG. 17, a glass portion would be necessary in order to achieve an exact the thermal expansion coefficient to get to the material copper.
• the reduced proportion of glass enables the plastic to be processed to have an improved flowability, making it possible to make the molded body more delicate. In particular, the formation of a plurality of narrow ribs standing closely next to one another can thereby be facilitated.
• openings 8 are formed in a variant, which as impregnation openings or as openings for receiving fasteners or other elements such.
• B. Connections of an external control device can be provided.
• the openings for fastening components are preferably arranged in at least one hood wall or in opposite side walls of the hood. However, the components can also be firmly connected to the carrier platform.
• the hood 2 preferably has perforated tabs, which can be angled.
• the tabs are mechanically firm e.g. B. connected by screwing to the molded body 1.
• the corresponding interface can optionally be additionally sealed in a gas-tight or oil-tight manner.
• the hood 3 can also be fixed to the molded body in an analogous manner. Alternatively, at least one of the hoods or both hoods can be removable.
• FIG. IB shows a schematic top view of the module according to FIG. 1A.
• a control connection 7 for controlling a switching device 16 according to FIG. 2 is arranged in an opening arranged in the second hood 3.
• the phase busbars 41, 42 and 43 protrude from both sides of the carrier platform (not visible here) and have first external Connections 51, 52, 53 and second external connections 61, 62, 63.
• the external connections of the phase busbars are provided with bores or openings for receiving fastening elements.
• FIGS. 1A and IB also show exemplary geometric dimensions of the reactive power compensation module.
• the height h1 of the volume enclosed by the hood 2 is approximately 260 mm.
• the total height h of the arrangement is approximately 400 mm.
• the width b of the module is approximately 360 mm and the depth t is approximately 260 mm.
• the total volume is about 39 l, which is required for a phase shifter module with an electrical reactive power of 100 kvar.
• Figure IC shows a further schematic side view of the module according to Figure 1A.
• Inserts 18c are formed in depressions 10 in the side wall of the molded body 1.
• the inserts 18c are preferably nut bushings, which serve to accommodate fasteners and z. B. can be connected by means of screws with mounting brackets.
• the outer walls of the molded body are preferably formed at least in insert areas perpendicular to the (longitudinal) axis or base surface of the molded body, i. that is, these areas have no draft slope. This shape has advantages when attaching mounting brackets.
• FIG. ID indicates that all power electronics components of the module can be arranged in a single, preferably closed, cavity 20.
• the hood 2 is fastened on the molded body 1 preferably by means of retaining screws designed as self-tapping screws.
• the molded body can corresponding, the attachment of the hood 2 serving attachment points z. B. in the form of suitable formations.
• the fastening points of the molded body can have openings for receiving retaining screws, which are preferably opposite the drilled fastening tabs of the hood.
• a recess 18 is also provided in the molded body 1, into which the hood 2 projects.
• the depression 18 is preferably designed as a circumferential shaft (or a circumferential groove) which is suitable for receiving an adhesive or sealant which seals the interface between the molded body and the hood.
• a rubber or a rubber ring can also be used as a sealant, which has the advantage over potting that the hood is well sealed on the one hand (i.e. gas or oil-tight) and on the other hand remains removable.
• This interface can be used as a predetermined breaking point, the release force of the above-mentioned holding devices of the hood preferably being selected such that the hood breaks off when a defined overpressure limit value is exceeded.
• the functional unit of a module can e.g. B. be designed as a phase shifter or as a line filter.
• the power capacitors preferably form a delta connection, the nodes of which can each be connected to a phase current line 41-43, preferably via a fuse 15 or switching device 16, cf. FIG. 2.
• the power capacitors can alternatively be connected in a star configuration. be tet, their free connections can each be connected to a phase power line or to the corresponding circuit branch of the functional unit.
• the fuse 15 is preferably a short-circuit fuse.
• FIG. 2 shows the block diagram of a functional unit suitable for reactive power compensation or for filtering mains harmonics.
• the capacitances C power capacitors
• the circuit branches each have a fuse 15, a switching element - which z. B. can be a switching contactor - a three-phase switching device 16 and a three-phase inductor L, the components mentioned being connected in series in the circuit branch.
• the circuit branches are each connected to a phase busbar 41, 42 or 43 - integrated in the module.
• a neutral conductor is designated by PEN.
• discharge resistors R and discharge inductors L ' are connected in parallel with the capacitors C.
• Either the discharge resistors R or the discharge inductors L 1 can be integrated in a power capacitor.
• the power capacitors can also be connected in a star in a line filter and connected to the corresponding circuit branches.
• a monitoring unit is connected to the respective power line for monitoring the phase shift ⁇ between current and voltage, which connects the functional unit of a reactive power compensation module by actuating the switching device 16 to the power supply when the predetermined phase shift limit value is exceeded ,
• a thyristor module for dynamic reactive power compensation or to separate the function group from the network.
• a contactor switch with three switching elements a preferably "bare" semiconductor switch in the form of a thyristor can be provided in each circuit branch of the functional unit.
• the components (capacitance and inductance) shown in FIG. 2 can form a functional group of several interconnected (compact) LC elements in a variant of a reactive power compensation module, see FIGS. 3 to 5.
• Compact means that a module (LC element W1, W2 , W3) is designed as a discrete component which is housed or preferably unhoused with electrical contacts 31, 32.
• the LC elements are arranged in the first or second module area and preferably each connected to a load capacitance CLI / C ⁇ , 2 > ⁇ L3.
• the load capacitances ⁇ L l ' ⁇ -L2' ⁇ L3 can be designed as separate winding capacitors or possibly together as a three-phase winding capacitor with two separating layers.
• a reactive power compensation circuit can have modularized components, each of which comprises a plurality of circuit elements, preferably a combination of a capacitance and an inductance.
• Such an LC element can preferably be dry and possibly. be realized on a core tube concentrically wound capacitor winding.
• the triangular star circuit of capacitors C and inductors L shown in FIG. 2 can in principle be replaced by a circuit of compact LC elements.
• An LC element is preferably assigned to each current phase.
• FIG. 3 a section of a functional unit is shown schematically, which comprises three electrically interconnected, compact LC elements W1, W2, W3, each of which is connected to a load capacitance.
• An LC element preferably has a magnetic circuit.
• the LC elements are interconnected in a symmetrical basic circuit with three phase connections L1, L2, L3.
• a plurality of LC elements with a load capacitance, preferably connected in parallel to one another, can also be provided per current phase.
• an LC element can be designed as an LC winding with a UU magnetic circuit (i.e. with two joined U-shaped magnetic cores), which is connected to an external capacitive load.
• the LC winding is preferably formed in two parts with two LC partial windings Wla, Wlb connected in series, see FIG. 4.
• the external capacitive load preferably represents the power capacitor or the capacitance C of the module, which is arranged in the first module area.
• the LC element is preferably housed and also arranged in the first module area.
• the LC element or the corresponding LC coil is preferably oil-impregnated and not self-healing.
• depressions for receiving the LC coil or other components as well as further correspondingly shaped shapes or shafts for holding the U-shaped magnetic cores or other components of the module can be formed.
• An LC element preferably corresponds to a single component, here with four electrical connections (31, 32, 33, 34).
• the electrical connections 31 and 32 of a first LC element W1 are provided as primary connections (i.e. system connections in the phase direction for connecting the LC element between two current phases).
• the electrical connections 33 and 34 of the first LC element W1 are provided as secondary connections for contacting a load capacitance CL; L.
• a second and a third LC element W2, W3 have primary connections and secondary connections.
• the primary connections are switched with the phase connections Ll, L2, L3.
• the secondary connections are switched with a preferably external load capacitance C ⁇ , CL, 2 ' ⁇ L 3.
• the load capacitors are preferably designed as self-healing capacitors.
• the LC winding is, inter alia, a spirally wound film capacitor, the beginning and the end of the two capacitor films - metal foils B1 and B2 - making electrical contact with four connection points 31, 33 (at the beginning) and 32 34 '(at the end) become.
• the load capacitance is preferably switched at the beginning of the film of the first LC sub-winding Wla and at the end of the film of the second LC sub-winding Wlb.
• the inward end of the metal foil B1 or B1 '(or B2 or B2') is referred to as the foil end here.
• the outward end of the metal foil is referred to as the beginning of the foil.
• a first primary connection 31 is connected at the beginning of the metal foil B2 and a second primary connection 32 at the end of the metal foil B2.
• the LC element W1 can be connected to the load capacitance CLI .
• a resonance frequency of e.g. B. 250 Hz can be set.
• an LC element on a magnetic core e.g. B. made of magnetic iron, see Figure 4.
• An LC element W1 shown schematically in FIG. 4 is formed by a series connection of two LC partial windings Wla, Wlb.
• the first LC partial winding Wla comprises two electrically conductive foils electrically isolated from one another by a dielectric foil 93 — metal foils B1 and B2.
• each foil consists of a three-layer metal foil, preferably Al foil.
• the dielectric films 93 are formed here in two layers.
• the layer composite of alternatingly arranged dielectric foils 93 and metal foils B1 and B2 is wound spirally around a core tube 92.
• This layered composite can have an electrically insulating layer 94 on the outside and / or inside, towards the core tube.
• the core tube 92 is preferably arranged in a form-fitting manner on a magnetic core.
• the core tube 92 of the first LC partial winding Wla is arranged around a first leg of a (double slotted) ring core, the ring core being formed by two U-cores 91, 91 'and magnetic inserts 98 arranged between them.
• a ring core formed in this way is also referred to as a UU core.
• the second LC partial winding Wlb is constructed essentially like the first LC winding Wla and is arranged around a second leg of the ring core (UU core) opposite the first leg.
• the insert 98 is arranged in the interior of the core tube 92.
• the insert 98 and the UU core each have a different magnetic permeability.
• All layers of an LC coil in particular the metal foils B1, B2, the dielectric foils 93 and the insulating layers 94, can in principle each consist of one layer or several sub-layers.
• the insulating layer 94 and the dielectric film 93 are formed in two layers.
• All turns of the first metal foil B1 of the LC sub-winding Wla are connected to an internal connection 32 ', which is arranged on a first end face of the LC sub-winding Wla. All turns of the second metal foil B2 of this LC partial winding are connected to an internal connection 34 'which is on a second end face of the LC partial winding Wla is arranged.
• the first metal foil B1 'of the second LC partial winding Wlb is connected from an end face to an internal connection 33' and on the opposite end face its second metal foil B2 'is connected to an internal connection 31'.
• the internal connections 32 'and 33' of the two LC partial windings Wla, Wlb are connected to one another by means of an electrical connection 96 on one side of the component. " On the other side of the component, the internal connections 31 'and 34' of the two LC partial windings Wla, Wlb are connected to one another by means of an electrical connection 97.
• the first metal foil B1 of the first LC partial winding Wla is electrically connected in series with the first metal foil B1 'of the second LC partial winding Wlb.
• the second metal foil B2 of the first LC partial winding Wla is correspondingly electrically connected in series with the second metal foil B2 'of the second LC partial winding Wlb.
• FIG. 5 The wiring of the individual LC partial windings Wla, Wlb in an LC element Wl is shown schematically in FIG. Three LC elements designed according to FIG. 5 can form a star connection.
• FIG. 4 indicates that the LC element W1 can be designed as a housed component with a housing 95.
• the housing 95 can, for. B. in the form of an aluminum cup with a lid, which has the external connections 31 to 34, are provided.
• an LC element can consist of a single LC coil which is designed as a compact component.
• the • magnetic core can be formed axially.
• the operating principle of an LC winding with a capacitor winding acting simultaneously as a choke coil, consists in winding a capacitor winding around a magnetic core, for example an iron core, in such a way that the capacitor winding simultaneously represents a sufficiently high inductance.
• the inductance is achieved in that the current has to flow through all turns of the capacitor winding, thereby flowing around the iron core several times, which simultaneously forms the turns of a choke coil.
• the structure shown in Figure 4 is characterized by low weight and low costs.
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section perpendicular to the axes of the phase power lines 41-43, an exemplary reactive power compensation module, in which a first cavity or a first module area 1-1 is formed between a first hood 2 and the molded body 1, in which the first functional group is arranged, which consists of or comprises power capacitors. Between a second hood 3 and the molded body 1, a second cavity or a second module area 1-2 is formed, in which the second functional group is arranged, which includes fuses 15 and a switching device 16 with a preferably multi-pole control connection 7.
• the opposite sides of the molded body 1 (in FIG. 6 the top and the bottom) each have a recess for receiving components.
• the bushing 13 is connected to the first functional group on one side by means of a busbar 14. On the other hand, the bushing 13 is electrical with the second function group connected. The two function groups are therefore electrically connected to one another by means of an electrical feedthrough 13.
• the bushing 13 is preferably largely hidden in the molded body 1 of the carrier platform.
• the electrical feedthrough 13 is assigned to the third current phase here. A separate electrical feedthrough 13 is preferably provided for each current phase.
• the own electrical feedthrough 13 can in particular provide an electrical connection between a capacitor area, also referred to as the first module area, preferably hermetically sealed and therefore difficult to access, and a second module area provided with a removable hood and therefore easily accessible, which is assigned to the switching devices.
• parts of the power lines and other metal components which may be integrated in the molded body can in principle also be pluggable.
• a component of the module available as a plug-in element can also be formed in several parts and, for. B. include resilient elements such as contact spring.
• a first feed line comprises a busbar 11a, 11b, 11c or 14 and vertical contact elements 12 ', 12' '.
• a second supply line comprises a busbar 11 and a vertical contact element 36 and is used for the electrical connection Binding of the third phase power line 43 to the fuse 15.
• FIG. 1 An exemplary construction of a feed line is shown in perspective in FIG.
• the fuse 15 visible in FIG. 6 is connected by means of vertical contact elements 12, 12 'on the one hand to the busbar 11 and on the other hand to the busbar 11b.
• the busbar 11b is further connected to a switching element of the switching device 16 by means of a vertical contact element 12 ′′.
• the corresponding switching element of the switching device 16 is connected with its other contact to the electrical feedthrough 13.
• the busbars 11a, 11c of the first supply lines are connected to further fuses associated with the first and the second current phase, not visible in this figure, and to further switching elements of the switching device 16, not visible in this figure, the further switching elements being electrically connected to the corresponding power capacitor or are connected to the corresponding winding of a three-phase power capacitor.
• Supply lines in particular the busbars 11 and 11a-11c, can be completely hidden in the molded body 1.
• the busbar 14 is exposed in the first cavity.
• Two metallization levels are separated from each other by a dielectric layer made of fiber composite material.
• a reactive current compensation unit in which several electrical components, for example capacitors or also fuses, contactors or thyristors and possibly also safety devices, are integrated.
• the at least some of the electrical components are interconnected without wires.
• Such a wireless connection succeeds, for example, with one of the carrier platforms specified here, in which permanently installed busbars are provided.
• the wireless connection of electrical components has the advantage that the assembly effort for the manufacture of the device or the current compensation module can be reduced, which can reduce manufacturing costs.
• the hood can e.g. B. close by gluing or casting with the molded body or be designed as a removable part.
• a removable hood has the advantage that the components located underneath are easily replaceable in the event of failure.
• the first hood 2 protrudes into the recess of the molded body 1 and is fixed there by a potting.
• a permanent sealing adhesive or seal between the hood, in particular a metal cover and the molded body, can be achieved by adapting its thermal expansion coefficient.
• the expansion coefficient of the encapsulation is preferably also adapted. The adjustment of the expansion coefficients means that their relative deviation not exceed a certain value determined by the application.
• the second hood 3 is placed on the shoulder of the molded body 1 and is basically removable. In principle, it is also possible to seal the second hood tightly with the molded body.
• the first hood 2 can also be designed to be removable if the interchangeability of the capacitors is desired.
• a capacitor winding z. B. be equipped with plug contacts.
• feed lines are designed as contact strips, vertical contact elements 12 ′, 12 ′′ being fastened to the busbars 11a, 11b and 11c, preferably by welding.
• the vertical contact elements 12 ′, 12 ′′ represent hollow cylinders, a hollow cylinder preferably having an internal thread.
• the vertical contact elements can be made of brass.
• the vertical contact element 12 'of a specific supply line is assigned to a first installation location, which is provided for the fuse 15.
• the vertical contact element 12 ′′ is assigned to a second installation space, which is provided for the corresponding switching element of the switching device 16.
• FIG. 7 indicates that the busbars 11a, 11b and 11c of different first supply lines can be arranged in different metallization levels.
• the vertical contact elements 12 ′′ of different supply lines have different heights and are aligned such that they are completely enclosed in the molded body 1 of the carrier platform except for their upper side. It is also possible that the vertical contact elements partially protrude from the platform and z. B. carry additional mounting devices.
• Each of the parallel first feed lines forms its own contact strip.
• the busbars of different contact strips are preferably arranged in different metallization levels and, for example, assigned to a specific current phase.
• An arrangement of different supply lines in parallel planes enables a compact connection in the module, in particular the supply lines assigned to the different current phases being routed one above the other and even crossing in the vertical projection, the risk of a short circuit being eliminated by the dielectric layer in between.
• a busbar can have branches and more than just two internal connections or vertical contact elements.
• the busbar of a supply line can also, for. B. be welded to the busbar of a further supply line or a phase busbar.
• FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross section of the module according to FIG. 6 in a plane which runs parallel to the direction of the phase busbars 41-43 and perpendicular to the plane in which the axes of the phase busbars lie.
• two fuses 15 are provided per current phase, which are connected to the same metallization level.
• FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross section of the module according to FIG. 6 in a plane which runs parallel to the plane in which the axes of the phase busbars lie.
• FIG. 10 also shows separating webs 100 which are integrated in the carrier platform and are preferably formed in one piece from the fiber composite material of the molded body. These separating webs 100 run parallel to one another and each lengthen the creepage distance between two connections which belong to different contactor switches 16.
• FIG. 11A shows a further module in schematic cross section perpendicular to the axes of the phase busbars.
• FIG. 11B shows this module in a schematic cross section parallel to the axes of the phase busbars.
• the capacitor winding package is insulated from the preferably metallic hood 2 in such a way that an intermediate space formed, for example, between the capacitor winding package, the carrier platform and the first hood 2.
• B. is filled with a molecular sieve granulate filling.
• This filling ensures a good thermal coupling of the capacitor winding package to the hood or to dissipate the heat generated during operation.
• This filling also serves as moisture and noise protection.
• Other suitable fillers in particular casting compounds or resins or granules, can also be used as the filling.
• the granulate filling is represented by hatching in FIG. 11A.
• Sheet metal parts connected to the condenser coils can also be used to dissipate the heat.
• Two inserts 18c are embedded in opposite outer walls of the molded body 1.
• a temperature sensor 81 and an overpressure sensor 82 for monitoring the internal pressure are arranged in the first module area.
• the pressure sensor 82 or a pressure switch is preferably arranged in the area of the hood 2.
• the overpressure in the first module area builds up as a result of self-healing breakdowns or in the event of overloading due to non-self-healing breakdowns and leads to the corresponding bulge of the first hood 2.
• the overpressure sensor is connected to an external control unit. B. outputs a signal for switching off the functional unit via the control connection 7 according to FIG. 9 to the switching device 16.
• the temperature sensor 81 is a switching unit, e.g. B. assigned temperature switching unit, which ensures thermal separation for separation of the functional unit of the module from the network, for example, also by means of the switching device 16th
• the module can also contain, for example, an overpressure tear-off protection, which prevents the bulge of the hood 2, i. H. the overpressure in the first module area, when a predetermined limit of the internal pressure z. B. implemented by means of a membrane or a steel cable to trigger a tear-off mechanism.
• the overpressure tear-off protection is preferably arranged in an electrical supply or discharge line connected to the capacitor.
• the switching device 16 is connected to the bushing 13 by means of a feed line 86.
• the section A'-A 'of the module presented in FIG. 11A is shown in FIG. 11B. Cooling plates can be provided to remove the heat from condenser coils.
• a construction space 77a is provided for a compact, preferably oil-impregnated LC element with load capacity. Therefore, the construction space is preferably sealed oil-tight.
• FIG. 13A An exemplary construction of the bushing 13 is shown in FIG. 13A.
• FIG. 12A shows the structure of internal connections of the phase busbars 41, 42, 43.
• a busbar la is welded to the phase busbar 41 at one end. At its opposite end, the busbar la is welded to a vertical contact element 1b.
• the phase busbars 42 and 43 are welded to busbars 2a and 3a, respectively.
• the busbars 2a and 3a each have a vertical contact element 2b or 3b.
• the busbars la, 2a, 3a run in a projection plane transverse to the phase busbars 41 to 43.
• the busbars la, 2a and 3a - as indicated in FIG. 12B - are designed such that they partially (in particular in the crossing areas) in run on a different metallization level than the phase busbars and do not touch the other phase busbars.
• the busbars la to 3a can, for. B. have a spacer 101 or base, which is arranged on the corresponding phase busbar and is fixedly connected to this or to the busbar la, 2a, 3a.
• the vertical contact elements 1b to 3b preferably have different heights, each vertical contact element 1b, 2b or 3b ensuring the connection to its own metallization level corresponding to the current phase.
• the vertical contact elements lb to 3b can also have the same height and z. B. each have a contact area accessible from the surface of the molded body, preferably also suitable for mounting components. These vertical contact elements can, for example, form internal connections of the carrier platform for connecting a component, preferably a fuse 15.
• phase busbars are readily available to others, e.g. B. provided as supply lines busbars.
• the bushing 13A shows the bushing 13, which is partially embedded in the molded body 1 of the carrier platform.
• the bushing 13 has a plug 83a and a socket 84 embedded in the molded body 1 of the carrier platform.
• a socket 83b is attached to the plug 83a, to which the busbar 14 serving as a lead to the capacitors or to the first module area is connected.
• the socket 83b is preferably a round plug contact, which enables a subsequent exchange or repair of capacitor windings.
• FIG. 13B shows how the first phase busbar 41 can be connected to the busbar 11 by means of a screw 44.
• a recess 49 for direct contacting of the phase busbar 41 is provided in the molded body 1.
• FIG 14 shows a schematic representation of a phase shifter device, which is modular.
• a control cabinet 150 is provided, which can be made of metal, for example, and which offers enough space for several individual phase shifter modules 110, 111.
• the required number of phase shifter modules 110, 111 which essentially results from the electrical reactive power to be processed, are arranged one above the other and fastened to mounting rails 132, 131 by means of fastening elements 141.
• the fastening elements 141 can preferably be fastened in the inserts arranged in the housing of the individual phase shifter modules.
• the fastening is preferably carried out by means of screw connections.
• the individual phase shifter modules 110, 111 are also connected to one another by means of contact elements 120.
• the contact elements 120 in particular connect the phase busbars 41, 42, 43 to one another.
• Figures 15 and 16 show a security concept in a schematic representation.
• the molded body 1 of a carrier platform is sealed on the top by means of the hood 2 (only shown schematically and in dashed lines).
• a capacitor C is arranged on the top, in the hermetically sealed part of the arrangement.
• a leak rate of 4 to 6 x 10 ⁇ 6 mbar x liter / second is preferably achieved.
• the condenser includes a condenser coil 170 wound on the exterior of a core tube 160.
• the core tube is hollow on the inside and has space for a temperature sensor 81.
• the temperature sensor 81 is located approximately in the center of the capacitor, which is also the point where the temperature of the capacitor is greatest when the current flows.
• This area is also called "hot spot”.
• the safety mechanism can be triggered extremely quickly when a certain temperature is exceeded. The heat generated then does not have to cover time-delaying paths in order to get from the heat source to the temperature sensor 81.
• the temperature sensor 81 is coupled by means of a line 180 to a switching device 16, which is provided here only for an exemplary phase P and which connects the phase P to the capacitor.
• the switching device 16 essentially consists of a disconnector which, when the switching device is responsive, separates the capacitor C from the phase P and thus from the mains.
• an overpressure sensor is attached to the underside of the molded body, that is to say in the not necessarily hermetically sealed part of the device.
• 82 can also be arranged at any other suitable location, in particular in the interior of the upper volume of the arrangement or in the hood 2.
• the coupling of the overpressure sensor 82 takes place by means of an insert 190 which is encapsulated by plastic material or by composite material and is thus sealed against the plastic material.
• the overpressure sensor 82 comprises a pressure sensor 210 which is pushed into the insert and is sealed by means of a seal 200.
• the entirety of molded body 1, inset 190, pressure sensor 210 and seal 200 thus seals the upper part of the arrangement from the lower part, ie from the underside of the platform.
• the overpressure sensor 82 is likewise coupled to the switching device 16 by means of a line 180 and can thus ensure that the capacitor is switched off from the phase P when an overpressure is present.
• a fuse 15 can also be connected in series with the switching device 16.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Inverter Devices (AREA)
• Filters And Equalizers (AREA)
• Power Conversion In General (AREA)
• Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
• Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
• Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-03-18 DE DE102004013477A patent/DE102004013477A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2005
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  • 2005-02-25 RU RU2006136796/09A patent/RU2006136796A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-02-25 WO PCT/DE2005/000323 patent/WO2005094149A2/de active Application Filing
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  • 2005-02-25 CN CNA2005800087447A patent/CN1934917A/zh active Pending
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  • 2005-02-25 BR BRPI0508897-6A patent/BRPI0508897A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-02-25 KR KR1020067021584A patent/KR20070009627A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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