Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
  • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
  • H02G3/22—Installations of cables or lines through walls, floors or ceilings, e.g. into buildings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L5/00—Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions
  • F16L5/02—Sealing
  • F16L5/04—Sealing to form a firebreak device
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L5/00—Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions
  • F16L5/02—Sealing
  • F16L5/14—Sealing for double-walled or multi-channel pipes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
  • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
  • H02G3/02—Details
  • H02G3/04—Protective tubing or conduits, e.g. cable ladders or cable troughs
  • H02G3/0406—Details thereof
  • H02G3/0412—Heat or fire protective means
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
  • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
  • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
  • Y10T428/1376—Foam or porous material containing

Definitions

• the invention relates to a system comprising first and second fire-resistant parts for at least temporary fire-resistant sealing of an opening in a wall in which at least one transport device such as a cable, conduit or tube has been fed through, or will be fed through, where the first and second parts are each at least partly placeable in the opening, where the first parts are designed to at least partly envelop the transport device and where the second parts are designed to be placed between the first parts and/or between the first parts and an inner wall of the opening, where the first parts are manufactured substantially from a fire-resistant rubber and/or fire -re sistant ther oplastic .
• the invention further relates to a wall with an opening extending through that wall in which at least one transport device such as a cable,, conduit or tube has been fed through.
• the invention further relates to a wall with a sealed feed-through.
• the invention further relates to a method for sealing an opening extending through a wall in which at least one transport device such as a cable, conduit or tube has been fed through.
• the invention relates to a method for feeding a transport device such as a cable, conduit or tube through a sealed opening extending through a wall.
• a wall is understood to mean any partitioning between two spaces.
• a partition, floor, deck or ceiling is also covered by the term wall.
• Such a system is often used for sealing an opening in a wall to prevent a fire taking place in a space located on one side of the wall from spreading to another side of the respective wall.
• a system as described hereinabove is known from EP 0 534 563.
• the first and second fire-resistant parts each comprise parts manufactured from a similar rubber.
• the first and second parts are also often designed so as to be identical in shape.
• each transport device extending through the opening in the wall is enveloped by the fire-resistant rubber parts.
• the fire-resistant parts often have a hose-shaped design. The remaining free space in the opening is also filled with rubber fire-resistant parts.
• An object of the invention is to provide an alternative and preferably even an improved system for at least temporary fire-resistant seahng of an opening in the wall in which at least one transport device such as a cable, conduit or tube has been fed through or will be fed through.
• This object is achieved with a system according to the invention characterized in that the second parts are manufactured from a fire-resistant material based on an elastomeric foam with a substantially closed cell structure, in which foam at least one crust-forming, fire-retardant material is included.
• the second parts are manufactured from a foam material that is more compressible than the rubber first parts.
• This disproportional expansion of the feed-through prevents the creation of an extremely high pressure in the feed-through.
• An extremely high pressure is undesired.
• a cement layer possibly applied on an outside of the feed -through could come off.
• Such a cement layer will be described hereinbelow.
• Another additional advantage of the second parts is that these parts insulate extremely well, particularly compared with the rubber first parts. This will also prevent the trapped air from expanding to an unacceptable extent. Further, * the foam structure is long preserved upon exposure to fire.
• the feed-through can have a weight-saving design, and, in particular, a relatively short length is sufficient in the direction of the feed-through direction. This is particularly important in shipbuilding and offshore.
• a sealing cement layer can be applied on the outside.
• the second foam parts have a good bonding surface for this cement.
• the rubber first parts have a hose-shaped design, it is advantageous that the remaining opening can be sealed with the foam parts instead of with the hose-shaped rubber first parts.
• the foam can, in fact, be manufactured from any polymeric material which is suitable for the formation of closed cells. It is preferably halogen-free and fire-retardant. More in detail, it can be manufactured from unsaturated polymers such as natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, and nitrile butadiene rubber; but also from saturated polymers such as
• EPDM rubber and preferably from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
• the polymers need to be crosslinked, where the unsaturated polymers can suitably be crosslinked with, for instance, sulfur and sulfur donors, while the saturated polymers can suitably be crosslinked with, for instance, peroxides.
• a foam structure with a substantially closed cell structure can be obtained by adding chemical blowing agents and having them expand, particularly blowing agents of the nitrogen type such as azodicarbon and hydrazine.
• a substantially closed cell structure is understood to mean a cell structure in which at least
• borates conventionally used as fire retardants softeners of the organic phosphate type such as trialkyl and triaryl phosphates, and particularly trioctyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate and diphenyl cresyl phosphate; solid fire retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate, for instance Antiblaze MC®; and melamine polyphosphate (melapur 200) can very suitably be used.
• the crust-forming, fire-retardant agent is ammonium polyphosphate or melamine phosphate. Most preferably, melamine phosphate is used. These crust-formers need to be present in such a high amount that they form a fire-retardant crust. Although a skilled person knows these amounts and is certainly capable of determining these amounts, as a guidehne, an amount of this agent is recommended in the range of 2-20 wt.% based on the weight of the foam. Preferably, 3-10 wt.% of crust-former is used, most preferably 4-8 wt.%. In particular, it holds true that a pH-neutralized graphite material is included in the foam.
• the graphite material expands at a temperature higher than 200°C.
• expanding graphite is obtained by intercalation of graphite, where (most often) nitrogen or sulfur compounds slide between the graphite lattices; it is, for instance, commercially available as "Blahgrstphit" from GK Kropfm ⁇ hl, Hauzenberg, Germany.
• This material is prepared by treating graphite with, for instance, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
• a pH neutralization of intercalated graphite ensures that the foam formation, and possibly also the foam material itself, is not adversely effect by any acid residues, while, in addition, no corrosion problems occur in any possible material sensitive to corrosion which contacts the foam.
• the pH neutralization may, for instance, be carried out by very thorough washing or by adding a sufficient amount of base material.
• a graphite is available under the name of carbofoil from Cleanline products.
• the graphite material is used in an amount between 5 and 20 wt.% based on the weight of the foam, more preferably in an amount between 8 and 15 wt.% and most preferably between 10 and 12 wt.%.
• other fire retardants may be present as well. It is greatly preferred that these are also halogen-free.
• the foam consists of crosslinked EVA polymer, 20-40 wt.% aluminum hydroxide, 5-20 wt.% pH-neutralized graphite, 2-20 wt.% ammonium polyphosphate or melamine polyphosphate and up to 10 wt.% softener, dispersant, lubricant, colorant, antioxidants, crosslinkers and other conventional auxiliary substances.
• the additives in the foam need to initially present in a form and be of such a nature that they are compatible with the closed cell structure of the foam.
• the additives must neither act aggressively on the polymer matrix nor be initially present in a form which disturbs the structure of the foam, for instance in the form of too large particles.
• the foam according to the invention derives its action from, on the one hand, a chemical reaction leading to the formation of a crust on the fire side and, on the other hand, from both an expansion of gas trapped in the closed-cell structure under the influence of the heat development associated with the fire and possible expansion of the graphite. The expansion provides a heat insulation behind the crust formation.
• the foam material provides a material moving away from the fire side over time which also functions as a heat-insulating layer.
• the fire-retardant foam according to the invention remains intact and therefore effective for a longer time.
• the expansion is hardly or not accompanied by the formation of a large amount of smoke gases.
• the action of the foam is not based on smoke development either.
• the smoke number of the foam is low while, as a rule, gases possibly formed are considerably less toxic than, for instance, the gases released with foams with an intumescent action, such as foam based on polyurethanes. Due to the substantially closed cell structure, the foam substantially absorbs no water. It is therefore not necessary to apply a layer sealing from the environment on the foam.
• the foam can be manufactured from polymer material having a much higher self-combustion than the spongelike polyurethane materials conventionally used. Further, the foam according to the invention has a much greater mechanical strength, so that it can well be processed into construction elements. For instance, the material can well be designed in the form of plates with notches, which notches enable the breaking or tearing off of strips. This is of course favorable to the filling of feed-throughs in a wall, or at least makes the process easier. In addition, the closed cell structure provides a better mechanical memory effect, so that, due to compression of the foam parts pressure built up inside the feed-through is preserved much longer than when a foam with open pore structure is used.
• the foam can be finished with a layer of optionally fire-resistant cement in order to obtain a completely gas and watertight fire-resistant feed-through.
• at least one of the second parts is designed in the form of a plate-shaped or beam-shaped element.
• a designing step during the manufacture of such parts may, for instance, comprise a heat-pressing or injection-molding step. These elements can often simply be placed in the opening. It is possible that at least one of the two parts is part of a plate-shaped material from which, by means of a weakening line included in the plate-shaped material, at least one of the second parts can be detached. This is a convenient manner for transporting and delivering the second parts, and making them suitable for placement in the opening.
• the first parts it preferably holds true that it is sleeve-shaped and comprises a slot for the purpose of being able to place it on the transport device.
• a first part can very simply be provided around the transport device.
• one of the first parts can brought into a condition where the longitudinal edges of the slot permanently overlap each other under the influence of material stress. It follows from this that the connection of the first parts to the transport device is favorable. For the latter embodiments, it moreover holds true that the first parts can be provided around the transport device before, but also after the transport device is placed in the opening.
• the system is further provided with a lubricant which can be applied to a surface of each of the first and/or second parts. This makes it easier to be able to place particularly the parts which are the last to be included in the opening between the already placed parts for completing the sealing.
• Fig. 1 shows a wall with an opening provided with a system according to an embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 2a diagrammatically shows a cross section of a first embodiment of a first part of the system according to the invention
• Fig. 2b diagrammatically shows a cross section of a second embodiment of a first part of the system according to the invention
• Fig. 2c diagrammatically shows a cross section of a third embodiment of a different part of a first part of the system according to the invention
• Fig. 2d diagrammatically shows a cross section of a fourth embodiment of a first part of the system according to the invention
• Fig. 1 shows a wall with an opening provided with a system according to an embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 2a diagrammatically shows a cross section of a first embodiment of a first part of the system according to the invention
• Fig. 2b diagrammatically shows a cross section of a second embodiment of a first part of the system according to the invention
• Fig. 2c diagrammatic
• FIG. 1 shows an example of a wall 1 and an opening 2 in which, in this case, a plurality of transport devices, in this case comprising cables 3 and tubes 4, is fed through. Instead of a cable or tube, a conduit may also have been fed through the opening.
• the opening has been sealed with first fire-resistant parts 5 and second fire-resistant parts 6. The first and second parts are wholly or partly placed in the opening.
• the first parts 5 are each designed to at least partly envelop at least one of the transport devices.
• the second parts are designed to be placed between the first parts and/or between the first parts ands an inner wall of the opening 2 for the purpose of at least virtually completely sealing the opening 2. Designed for this purpose is understood to mean that the dimensions and shape are suitable.
• the first parts are each substantially manufactured from a fire-resistant rubber. Examples of such first parts are described in NL 1018722 and EP 0 534 563 Bl. Such rubber parts may also be provided with expandable graphite and a polyphosphate as a fire-retardant agent.
• the second parts 6 are each manufactured from a fire-resistant material based on an elastomeric foam with a substantially closed cell structure.
• At least one crust-forming, fire-retardant material is included.
• a pH-neutralized material is included in the foam as well.
• the graphite material preferably expands at a temperature higher than 200° C.
• the crust-forming, fire-retardant material may be chosen from a polyammonium phosphate and melamine phosphate.
• the second parts 6 preferably have a plate -shaped or beam-shaped design. It is possible that at least one of the second parts 6 is part of a plate-shaped material from which, by means of breaking along a weakening line 8 included in the plate -shaped material 7 (see Fig. 3), at least one of the second parts 6 can be detached.
• one of the first parts has a sleeve-shaped design (see Fig. 2a) and comprises a slot 9 for the purpose of placing it around one of the cables or tubes. It may also hold true that orie of the first parts 5 can be brought into a condition in which longitudinal edges 10a, 10b of the slot 9 permanently overlap each other under the influence of material stress, as shown in Fig. 2b by way of example. It is also possible that at least two, three or four of the first parts are designed such that the first parts can together form a sleeve placeable around the transport device. Figs. 2c-2f give examples of such first parts.
• the curved parts 12 are preferably provided against a cylinder casing of a cable, conduit or tube. It is noted that the system may further be provided with a lubricant which can be applied to surfaces of each of the first and/or second parts before these parts are provided in the opening. This facilitates the placing of the parts, particularly when completion of the sealing is near.
• Fig. 1 shows a wall with an opening extending through that wall in which at least one transport device such as a cable or tube has been fed through, it is also possible that the system is used with a wall which is only provided with a feed-through, i.e. an opening, which needs to be sealed at least temporarily and in which a cable, conduit or tube has not or not yet been fed through.
• the system can be used as follows for seahng an opening extending through a wall in which at least one transport device such as a cable or tube has been fed through.
• one or more first parts designed to at least partly envelop a transport device and are manufactured from a fire-resistant rubber are to be placed at least partly around the transport device.
• One or more first parts which are designed to at least partly envelop a transport device and are manufactured from a fire-resistant rubber are also to be placed in the opening of the wall.
• the second parts are to be placed between the first parts and an inner wall of the opening.
• These second parts are designed to at least virtually completely seal the opening and are manufactured from a fire-resistant material based on an elastomeric foam with a substantially closed cell structure.
• the foam comprises a pH-neutralized graphite agent. It is, in principle, possible that the first parts first envelop the transport device and that the transport device is then placed in the opening. However, it can also be the other way around. In that case, the transport device is first fed through the opening and the first parts are then provided around the transport device in the opening.
• Feeding a transport device such as a cable, conduit or tube through an opening extending through a wall which has been sealed with foam parts manufactured from a fire-resistant material based on an elastomeric foam with a substantially closed cell structure, where at least one crust -forming, fire-retardant material is included in the foam proceeds as follows.
• a pH-neutralized graphite material is included in the foam.
• the starting point is that the opening is sealed by the foam parts.
• at least one of the foam parts is taken from the sealing.
• one or more fire-resistant rubber parts is/are at least partly provided.
• fire-resistant rubber parts are designed to at least partly envelop the transport device in the sense that the fire-resistant rubber parts are, for instance, shaped such that they effect a good connection with the transport device, comprising a cable, conduit or tube.
• the transport device is fed through the opening and one or more of the fire-resistant rubber parts are thereby, or separately thereafter, placed in the opening.
• a pH-neutralized graphite material is included in the foam.
• the first parts do not need to be used exclusively for envelopment of a transport device. It is also possible to fill part of the remaining sp ace in the opening with first parts.
• the ratio of the amounts of first and second parts expressed in numbers or in volume units, can be determined by any skilled person himself.
• the system may also comprise a heat-resistant and/or water-repellant sealing cement 11.
• This cement 11 is chosen such that is has good bonding properties and will cure to a rubberlike material within 24 hours at an average air humidity.
• the cement 11 is expandable under the influence of fire.
• the heat-resistant and/or water-repellant cement 11 guarantees a watertight and gastight feed-through of the electrical cables 3. It is noted that the sealing cement 11 is partly left out in Fig. 1 to not unnecessarily comphcate Fig. 1.
• the cement often comprises an oxime -curing cement.
• Oil can be included for achieving a desired viscosity.
• chalk is often used.
• the cement also preferably comprises expandable graphite and a polyphosphate as a fire-retardant agent.
• a wall can also be understood to mean a partition in a ship, on an offshore platform or in a building construction.
• a floor and a ceiling are also considered a wall.
• the shape of each of the first parts is, in principle, freely determinable. When, instead of a round transport device, for instance a transport device with right angles is fed through the opening in the wall, then the first parts can also comprise right angles.
• foam parts may also have a sleeve-shaped design, or manufacturing, for instance, be designed such that connection to a cylinder-shaped first part is possible while an outside has an angular, in particular beam-shaped profile.
• These parts can also be designed in one piece with a longitudinal slot or be assembled on the basis of multiple longitudinal parts. It likewise holds true for the second parts that the shape thereof is, in principle, freely determinable. It is also possible that, for instance when used in a round opening, the second parts are also provided with curves connected thereto.
• a rubber first part comprises a sleeve which is designed such that an inside of the sleeve connects to a cylinder casing of a cable, conduit or tube, while such an outside has an angular, in particular beam-shaped design.
• a sleeve which is designed such that an inside of the sleeve connects to a cylinder casing of a cable, conduit or tube, while such an outside has an angular, in particular beam-shaped design.
• Such a variant can be provided with a slot in the longitudinal direction or can be assembled by combination of multip le longitudinal p arts . Such variants are each considered to be within the framework of the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
• Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
• Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-02-13 NL NL1025485A patent/NL1025485C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2005
  • 2005-02-10 JP JP2006553071A patent/JP4903060B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-02-10 ES ES05710881T patent/ES2292109T3/es active Active
  • 2005-02-10 AT AT05710881T patent/ATE371976T1/de active
  • 2005-02-10 WO PCT/NL2005/000099 patent/WO2005078884A2/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-02-10 US US10/589,445 patent/US8728597B2/en active Active
  • 2005-02-10 CN CNB2005800049286A patent/CN100536271C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-02-10 EP EP05710881A patent/EP1714364B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2005-02-10 BR BRPI0507663-3A patent/BRPI0507663B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-02-10 KR KR1020067018629A patent/KR100879422B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-02-10 DE DE602005002240T patent/DE602005002240T2/de active Active
• 2006
  • 2006-09-08 NO NO20064051A patent/NO336437B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation

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