Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B63/00—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
  • C07B63/04—Use of additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
  • C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
  • C07C51/50—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation

Definitions

• the present invention describes the use of radical scavengers for stabilizing polymerizable compounds against polymerization.
• polymerizable compounds can be easily polymerized, for example by heat or exposure to light or peroxides.
• the polymerization has to be reduced or reduced for safety-related and economic reasons during production, processing, storage and / or transport, there is a constant need for new, effective polymerization inhibitors.
• (meth) acrylic acid A large number of stabilizers for polymerizable compounds, in particular for acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, hereinafter referred to as (meth) acrylic acid, and their esters, hereinafter referred to as (meth) acrylic acid esters, are known.
• GB-A 1 601 979 describes the stabilization of an aqueous solution of a (meth) acrylate salt with a nitrosophenolate in the presence of EDTA as a chelator.
• No. 4,929,660 discloses an adhesive composition which contains a radical acrylic monomer and also a polymerization inhibitor, a metal chelator and a radical scavenger.
• This radical scavenger is an N, N-dialkyl or N, N-diarylalkylhydroxylamine.
• metal scavengers can be diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and N- (hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid as well as the associated sodium salts.
• German patent application DE-A 199 20 796 describes a process for the preparation of isobornyl (meth) acrylate by reacting camphene with (meth) acrylic acid, which is also carried out in the presence of a chelating agent.
• a chelating agent this document discloses nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid, 1, 2-
• WO 02/26685 describes the stabilization of acrylic monomers during the distillation with a stabilizer in the presence of oxygen with a metal scavenger, which is selected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentassetic acid (DTPA) and their Na salt (Na 5 DTPA) and trans -1, 2- cyclohexanediaminepentaacetic acid. These metal traps are used to complex free iron.
• JP 05-295011 and JP 05-320205 also describe the stabilization of acrylic acid in the presence of EDTA, DTPA, CYDTA and their alkali salts.
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide an alternative method for stabilizing polymerizable compounds against polymerization during processing, storage and / or transport.
• the object was achieved by a process for stabilizing polymerizable compounds against polymerization during processing, storage and / or transport, in which at least one radical scavenger which contains at least two glycine units is used, with the proviso that the radical scavenger is not selected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), trans-1, 2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CYDTA) and their alkali and alkaline earth salts.
• EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
• CYDTA 2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid
• At least one radical scavenger is used which contains at least two glycine units, with the proviso that the radical scavenger does not have ⁇ 2 of the following structural units:
• R, R ' can independently be hydrogen or metal.
• these metals are alkali metals such as sodium or potassium.
• At least one radical scavenger is used which contains at least two glycine units and at least one amide and / or ester unit.
• the radical scavenger preferably has two amide units.
• Radical scavengers of the general formula (I) are very particularly preferably used:
• these can be:
• G 1 can be NR 3 R 4 or OR 7 and G 2 can be NR 5 R 6 or OR 8 .
• X can be CC 20 -AlkyI, NCH 2 COOR 9 , NR 10 , O, S, PR 11 , Se, SiOR 12 R 13 or aryl, the substituents mentioned being in any position, but not more than five times, preferably not more than four times, particularly preferably not more than three times, can be substituted by one or more heteroatoms and / or halogen atoms.
• X is preferably a -C 20 alkyl group or NCHCOOR 9 , particularly preferably X is a C do alkyl group or NCHCOOR 9 .
• k, I, m and n are independently 0 to 20.
• I and m are preferably in the range from 0 to 10, particularly preferably from 0 to 5, very particularly preferably from 0 to 3 and particularly preferably 0 to 2.
• k have preferably and n the same value, e.g. B. in the range from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 5, very particularly preferably from 1 to 3, in particular k and n have the value 1.
• radicals R 1 to R 8 can have the following meanings:
• R 1 to R 6 can independently of one another hydrogen, CrC 20 alkyl, Ci-C ⁇ - alkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 2 o-alkenyl, C 2 -C 2 o-alkenylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 20 alkynyl, C 2 -C 2 o- alkynylcarbonyl, C 3 -C 5 -cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 15 -cycloalkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylcarbonyl or heterocycles,
• R 7 and R 8 can independently of one another dC ⁇ alkyl, -C -C 20 alkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 2 o-alkenyl, C 2 -C 2 o-alkenylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 2 o-alkynyl, C 2 - C 2 o-alkynylcarbonyl, C 3 -C 15 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 5 cycloalkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylcarbonyl or heterocycles,
• radicals R 3 and R 4 or R 5 and R 6 can also be linked to one another and thus jointly sam can form a three- to eight-membered, preferably a five- to seven-membered and particularly preferably a five- to six-membered ring,
• the substituents can be interrupted at any position by one or more heteroatoms, the number of these heteroatoms being not more than 10, preferably not more than 8, particularly preferably not more than 5 and in particular not more than 3, and / or
• R 9 to R 13 are optionally independently of one another hydrogen or -CC 20 alkyl.
• C 1 -C o-alkyl straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals with up to 20 carbon atoms, preferably d-Cio-alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-Buiyl, tert-butyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 1, 2-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1, 2-trimethylpropyl, 1, 2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1- Ethyl-1-methyl
• C 1 -C 20 -alkylcarbonyl a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is bonded to the skeleton via a carbonyl group (-CO-), preferably d-do-alkylcarbonyl such as formyl, acetyl, n- or iso-propionyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butanoyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-pentanoyl, n- or iso-nonanoyl, n-dodecanoyl.
• d-do-alkylcarbonyl such as formyl, acetyl, n- or iso-propionyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butanoyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-pentanoyl, n- or is
• C 2 -C 20 alkenyl unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a double bond in any position, preferably C 2 -C 10 alkenyl such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1- butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2- propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1 -
• Ca-C ⁇ -alkenylcarbonyl unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a double bond in any position (as mentioned above), which are bonded to the skeleton via a carbonyl group (-CO-), preferably C 2 -C ⁇ 0 alkylcarbonyl such as ethenoyl, propenoyl, butenoyl, pentenoyl, nonenoyl and their isomers.
• C 2 -C 2 o-Alkynyl straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon groups with 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a triple bond in any position preferably C 2 -C 10 -alkynyl such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl , 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 1-methyl-3-butynyl, 2-methyl-3 -butinyl, 3-methyl-1-butinyl, 1, 1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1-ethyl-2-propynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl, 1 -Meth
• C 2 -C 2 o-alkynylcarbonyl unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a triple bond in any position (as mentioned above) which are bonded to the skeleton via a carbonyl group (-CO-), preferably C 2 -C ⁇ o-alkynylcarbonyl such as propinoyl, butinoyl, pentinoyl, noninoyl, decinoyl and their isomers.
• C 3 -C 15 cycloalkyl monocyclic, saturated hydrocarbon groups with 3 to 15 carbon ring members, preferably C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl as well as a saturated or unsaturated cyclic system such as B. norbornyl or norbenyl.
• C 3 -C 15 cycloalkylcarbonyl monocyclic, saturated hydrocarbon groups with 3 to 15 carbon ring members (as mentioned above) which are bonded to the skeleton via a carbonyl group (-CO-), preferably C 3 -C 8 cycloalkylcarbonyl.
• Aryl a mono- to trinuclear aromatic ring system containing 6 to 14 carbon ring members, e.g. As phenyl, naphthyl and anthracenyl, preferably a mono- to dinuclear, particularly preferably a mononuclear aromatic ring system.
• Arylcarbonyl preferably a mono- to trinuclear aromatic ring system (as mentioned above) which is bonded to the skeleton via a carbonyl group (-CO-), such as.
• B. benzoyl preferably a mononuclear or dinuclear, particularly preferably a mononuclear aromatic ring system.
• Heterocycles five- to twelve-membered, preferably five to nine-membered, particularly preferably five to six-membered oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur atoms, optionally having multiple rings, such as furyl, thiophenyl, pyrryl, pyridyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, dioxolyl, Dioxyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, dimethylpyridyl, methylquinolyl, dimethylpyrryl, methoxyfuryl, dimethoxypyridyl, dif'uorpyridyl, methylthiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl.
• rings such as furyl, thiophenyl, pyrryl, pyridyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, dioxolyl, Dioxyl, benzimidazolyl, benz
• the substituents listed in detail can each be interrupted at any position by one or more heteroatoms, as described above, the number of these heteroatoms not more than 10, preferably not more than 8, very particularly preferably not more than 5 and in particular not more than 3 is, and / or in any position, but not more than five times, preferably not more than four times and particularly preferably not more than three times, by alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, hetero Cycles, heteroatoms or halogen atoms can be substituted, these likewise being able to be substituted at most twice, preferably at most once, with the groups mentioned.
• alkyl, aryl and heterocycle classes of compounds mentioned in this group have the abovementioned meaning.
• Alkyloxy means a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is bonded to the skeleton via an oxygen atom (-O-), preferably C 1 -C 10 -alkyloxy such as, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy.
• Alkoxycarbonyl is an alkoxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is bonded to the skeleton via a carbonyl group (-CO-), preferably d-do-alkyloxycarbonyl.
• Aryloxy is a mono- to trinuclear aromatic ring system (as mentioned above) which is bonded to the skeleton via an oxygen atom (-O-), preferably a mononuclear or dinuclear, particularly preferably a mononuclear aromatic ring system.
• Aryloxycarbonyl is a mono- to trinuclear aryloxy group (as mentioned above) which is bonded to the skeleton via a carbonyl group (-CO-), preferably a mono- or dinuclear, particularly preferably a mononuclear aryloxycarbonyl.
• Halogen atoms are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• the radicals R 1 and R 2 are preferably the same and are hydrogen or dC 20 alkyl, particularly preferably hydrogen or dC 0 alkyl, very particularly preferably hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• the radicals R 3 and R 5 are preferably the same and are hydrogen, dC 20 -alkyl or C 1 -C 20 -alkylcarbonyl, particularly preferably hydrogen, dC 10 -alkyl or d-Cio-alkylcarbonyl, very particularly preferably hydrogen, dC 6 -alkyl or dC 6 - alkylcarbonyl.
• radicals R 4 and R 6 or R 7 and R 8 are preferably the same and are d-C 20 alkyl, d-do-alkylcarbonyl, aryl, C 2 -C 2 o-alkenyl, C 2 -C 20 alkenylcarbonyl, C 2 -C 20 alkynyl or C 2 -C 20 alkynylcarbonyl.
• the radicals can be interrupted at any position by one or more heteroatoms, the number of these heteroatoms not more than 10, preferably not more than 8, very particularly preferably not more than 5 and in particular not more than 3, and / or each at any position, but not more than five times, preferably not more than four times and particularly preferably not more than three times, by alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, heterocycles, heteroatoms or halogen atoms can be substituted, which can also be substituted at most twice, preferably at most once with the groups mentioned.
• radicals R 4 and R 6 or R 7 and R 8 are selected from phenyl, benzyl, p-methoxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-hydroxyphenyl, 1-hydroxyhexyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol , Triethylene glycol, ethoxylate with 4 to 10 EO units, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, ethylenetetraamine and amino acids such as, for example, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine - min, aspartic or glutamic acid, lysine, arginine or histidine.
• R 4 and R 6 or R 7 and R 8 can be the radicals mentioned in Table 1.
• the radical scavengers are usually used individually or as a mixture, preferably not more than five, particularly preferably not more than four and very particularly preferably not more than three of the aforementioned radical scavengers.
• the amount in which the radical scavengers according to the invention are used in order to exert a stabilizing effect on the polymerizable compound can be determined in the course of tests which are customary in the art.
• ppm of a radical scavenger or a radical scavenger mixture, based on the polymerizable compound are used, preferably 1 to 900 ppm, particularly preferably 10 to 800 ppm, very particularly preferably 50 to 700 ppm and in particular 100 to 500 ppm.
• the free radical scavengers can advantageously be used together with at least one other compound known as a stabilizer and / or costabilizer.
• a stabilizer and / or costabilizer e.g. B. in the older German patent application with the file number 10249 507.6 and in DE-A 102 58329, DE-A 198 56565 and described in EP-A 765 856.
• the costabilizers are oxygen-containing gases, phenolic compounds, quinones and hydroquinones, N-oxyl compounds, aromatic amines and phenylenediamines, imines, sulfonamides, oximes, hydroxylamines, urea derivatives, phosphorus-containing compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, complexing agents based on tetraazaannulene ( TAA) and / or metal salts, and optionally mixtures thereof.
• Oxygen-containing gases can be, for example, those gases which have an oxygen content between 0.1 and 100% by volume, preferably from 0.5 to 50% by volume and particularly preferably have from 1 to 25% by volume.
• this can be nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, oxygen or nitrous oxide or air.
• These can be used individually, in any mixtures with one another or mixed with another gas, for example nitrogen, noble gases, water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide or lower alkanes; air or air-nitrogen mixtures are preferred.
• Phenolic compounds are e.g. B: phenol, alkylphenols, for example o-, m- or p-cresol (methylphenol), 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 6-tert-butyl-2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-di-te ⁇ t-butylphenol, 2-methyl-4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-butyl -2,6-dimethylphenol, or 2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 4,4'-oxydiphenyl, 3,4-methylenedioxydiphenol (sesamol), 3,4- Dimethylphenol, pyrocatechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene), 2- (1'-methylcyclohex-1'-yl) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2- or 4- (1'-phenyle
• octylphenol [CAS No. 140-66-9], 2,6-dimethylphenol, bisphenol A, bisphenol B, bisphenol C, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A, 2,6-di-tert-butyl -p-cresol, Koresin® from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester, 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol, 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 2,3,6 -
• Suitable quinones and hydroquinones are, for example, hydroquinone or hydroquinone monomethyl ether (4-methoxyphenol), methylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2-methyl-p-hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone, trimethylhydroquinone, 4 -Methyl pyrocatechol, tert-butyl hydroquinone, 3-methyl pyrocatechol, benzoquinone, 2-methyl-p-hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethyl hydroquinone, trimethyl hydroquinone, tert-butyl hydroquinone, 4-ethoxyphenol, 4-butoxyphenol, hydroquinone phenoxyphenol -Methylhydroquinone, tetramethyl-p-benzoquinone, diethyl-1, 4-cyclohexanedione-2,5-dicarboxylate, phenyl-p-benzoquinone
• N-oxyls nitroxyl or N-oxyl radicals, compounds which have at least one> N- O »group
• N-oxyls are, for. B. suitable 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, 4-methoxy-2,2 , 6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, Uvinul ® 4040P from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, 4,4 ', 4 "-Tris- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl) phosphite, 3-oxo-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine -N-oxyl, 1 - Oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-
• Suitable aromatic amines or phenylenediamines are, for example, N, N-diphenylamine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, nitrosodiethylaniline, p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-dialkyl-p-phenylenediamine, where the alkyl radicals can be the same or different and are each independent of one another There are 1 to 4 carbon atoms and can be straight-chain or branched, for example N, N'-di-isobutyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, Irganox® 5057 from the company Ciba Specialty Chemicals, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-Di-sec
• Imines are e.g. B. methylethylimine, (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoquinone imine, (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzophenone imine, N, N-dimethylindoaniline, thionine (7-amino-3-imino-3H-phenothiazine), methylene violet (7-dimethylamino-3-phenothiazinone) ,
• Sulfonamides effective as stabilizers are, for example, N-methyl-4-toluenesulfonamide, N-tert-butyl-4-toluenesulfonamide, N-tert-butyl-N-oxyl-4-toluenesulfonamide, N, N'-bis (4-sulfanilamide ) piperidine, 3 - ⁇ [5- (4-aminobenzoyl) -2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonyl] ethylamino ⁇ -4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid, as in DE-A 102 58 329.
• Oximes can be, for example, aldoximes, ketoximes or amidoximes, as described for example in DE-A 101 39 767, preferably diethyl ketoxime, acetone oxime, Methyl ethyl ketoxime, cyclohexanone oxime, benzaldehyde oxime, benzil dioxime, dimethyl glyoxime, 2-pyhdinaldoxime, salicylaldoxime, phenyl-2-pyridyl ketoxime, 1, 4-benzoquinone dioxime, 2,3-butanedione dioxime, 2,3-butanedione monooxime, 4-fluorenonoxime.
• Furanylethanedione dioxime or other aliphatic or aromatic oximes or their reaction products with alkyl transfer agents such as.
• alkyl transfer agents such as. B. alkyl halides, triflates, sulfonates, tosylates, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates or the like.
• Hydroxylamines are e.g. B. N, N-diethylhydroxylamine and those which are disclosed in the international application with the file number PCT / EP / 03/03139.
• Suitable urea derivatives are, for example, urea or thiourea.
• Phosphorus compounds are e.g. B. triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphite, hypophosphorous acid, trinonylphosphite, triethylphosphite or diphenylisopropylphosphine.
• sulfur-containing compounds examples include diphenyl sulfide, phenothiazine and sulfur-containing natural products such as cysteine.
• TAA tetraazaannulene
• Metal salts are e.g. B. copper, manganese, cerium, nickel, chromium, carbonate, chloride, - dithiocarbamate, sulfate, salicylate or acetate, stearate, ethylhexanoate.
• Preferred costabilizers are oxygen-containing gases, phenothiazine, o-, m- or p-cresol (methylphenol), 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert .-Butylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, pyrocatechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-butyl-2 , 6-dimethylphenol, octylphenol [140-66-9], nonylphenol [11066-49-2], 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, bisphenol A, tert .-Butylcatechol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether or methyl hydroquinone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, 4-hydroxy-2
• Air, air-nitrogen mixtures, phenothiazine, hydroquinone and hydroquinone monomethyl ether and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-pipehdin-N-oxyl are particularly preferred , 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, N, N'-di-sec.-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, cerium (III) acetate or cerium (III) ethylhexanoate and mixtures from that.
• the type of addition of the stabilizer according to the invention and the costabilizers to be used where appropriate is not restricted.
• the added stabilizer according to the invention can be added individually or as a mixture with further stabilizers according to the invention and / or with the aforementioned costabilizers, in liquid or in dissolved form in a suitable solvent, which solvent itself can be a stabilizer, such as. B. described in DE-A 10200583.
• a suitable solvent which solvent itself can be a stabilizer, such as. B. described in DE-A 10200583.
• solvents are, for example, material flows from the preparation of the polymerizable compound. These can, for example, the pure products, i. H.
• the polymerizable compounds in a purity of generally 95% or more, preferably 98% or more and particularly preferably 99% or more, but also the starting materials used for the preparation of the polymerizable compounds, in a purity of 95% or more, preferably 98% or more and particularly preferably 99% or more, or those streams which contain starting materials and / or products and / or intermediates and / or by-products.
• the concentration of the solutions used is only limited by the solubility of the stabilizer / stabilizer mixture in the solvent, for example it can be 0.1-50% by weight, preferably 0.2-25% by weight, particularly preferably 0.3- 10% by weight and very particularly preferably 0.5-5% by weight.
• radical scavengers or radical scavenger mixtures according to the invention can of course also be used as a melt, for example if the melting point is below 120 ° C., preferably below 100 ° C., particularly preferably below 80 ° C. and in particular below 60 ° C.
• the radical scavengers or radical scavenger mixtures according to the invention are used as a costabilizer as a melt with a phenol with a melting point below 120 ° C., preferably below 100 ° C., particularly preferably below 80 ° C. and in particular below 60 ° C.
• the phenol is particularly preferably selected from p-aminophenol, p-nitrosophenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert.- Butylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-methyl-4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylphenol, hydroquinone and hydroquinone monomethyl ether.
• 0.1 to 1000 ppm of the radical scavenger according to the invention or a mixture of radical scavengers based on the polymerizable compound are used. If a mixture of radical scavengers according to the invention with costabilizers is used, 0.1 to 5000 ppm, preferably 1 to 4000 ppm, particularly preferably 5 to 2500 ppm, particularly preferably 10 to 1000 ppm and in particular 50 to 750 ppm, based on the polymerizable compound ,
• stabilizers or costabilizers can both be supplied independently of one another at different or the same metering points and can also be dissolved independently of one another in different solvents.
• the stabilizers / stabilizer mixtures are preferably used at those points at which the polymerizable compound is exposed to a risk of polymerization, for example due to high purity, high residence time and / or high temperature.
• These can be, for example, absorption units, desorption units, rectification units, for example distillation apparatus or rectification columns, evaporators, for example natural or forced circulation evaporators, condensers or vacuum units.
• the stabilizers can be metered into the head of a rectification unit, e.g. B. in the head of the rectification unit, removal internals or on the separating internals, such as. B. bottoms, packs, breakwaters or fillings, sprayed or sprayed or together with the return, metered into a condenser, for. B. sprayed so that the condenser head and / or the cooling surfaces are wetted, or in a vacuum unit, as described in EP-A 1 057 804 or as a barrier liquid in a liquid ring pump, as described in DE-A 101 43 565.
• a rectification unit e.g. B. in the head of the rectification unit, removal internals or on the separating internals, such as. B. bottoms, packs, breakwaters or fillings, sprayed or sprayed or together with the return, metered into a condenser, for. B. sprayed so that the condenser head and /
• radical scavengers to be used according to the invention can be used both as storage and as transport stabilizers. H. to stabilize the pure polymerizable compounds.
• the invention furthermore relates to stabilizer mixtures comprising
• radical scavenger which contains at least two glycine units, with the proviso that the radical scavenger is not selected from ethylene diamine mintetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid (CYDTA) and their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts and
• Free radical scavengers with at least two glycine units i) are compounds which preferably contain at least one A id and / or ester unit, particularly preferably free radical scavengers of the formula (I).
• Stabilizer mixtures with the aforementioned preferred radical scavengers according to the invention are of course also the subject of the invention.
• Stabilizers or costabilizers are the above-mentioned oxygen-containing gases, phenolic compounds, quinones and hydroquinones, N-oxyl compounds, aromatic amines and phenylenediamines, imines, sulfonamides, oximes, hydroxylamines, urea derivatives, phosphorus-containing and / or sulfur-containing compounds, complexing agents based on TAA and / or metal salts.
• Stabilizer mixtures of the radical scavenger and phenothiazine, radical scavenger / hydroquinone, radical scavenger / hydroquinone monomethyl ether, radical scavenger / 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-pipehdin-N-oxyl, radical scavenger / 4-oxo-2 are preferred , 2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, radical scavenger / 2,2y6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, radical scavenger / phenothiazine / hydroquinone monomethyl ether, radical scavenger / phenothiazine / 4-hydroxy-2,2 , 6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl or radical scavenger / hydroquinone monomethyl ether / 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-pipehdin-N-oxyl and optionally
• the stabilizer mixtures according to the invention contain components i) and ii) in weight ratios i): ii) between 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably 1:50 to 50: 1, particularly preferably 1:10 to 10: 1 and in particular 1: 5 to 5: 1.
• the invention further relates to mixtures of substances which contain the aforementioned stabilizer mixtures according to the invention and at least one polymerizable compound. All combinations of stabilizer mixtures according to the invention with polymerizable compounds are possible.
• Compounds capable of polymerization in the sense of the present invention are those having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group. These are selected from mono-, di- or t ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acids, dC 20 esters, amides, nitriles and anhydrides of these mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acids , Vinyl esters of up to 20 carbon atoms containing carboxylic acids, vinyl ethers of alcohols containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, vinyl aromatics and - heteroaromatics with up to 20 carbon atoms, vinyl lactams with 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring, open-chain N-vinylamide compounds and N-vinylamine compounds, vinyl halides, aliphatic optionally halogenated hydrocarbons with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 double bonds, vinylidenes or mixtures of these monomers.
• Preferred mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 6 carboxylic acids are e.g. B. (meth) acrylic acid, dimethylacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, citraconic acid, methylene malonic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid and their dC 20 alkyl esters, amides, nitriles, aldehydes and anhydrides such as. B.
• Cationic monomers of this group are, for example, dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as dimethylaminomethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and the salts of the last-mentioned monomers with carboxylic acids or mineral acids as well as the qauternated products.
• dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as dimethylaminomethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and the salts of the last-mentioned monomers with carboxylic acids or mineral acids as well as the qauternated products.
• hydroxyl-containing monomers in particular C ⁇ -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyisobutyl (meth) acrylate.
• phenyloxyethyl glycol mono- (meth) acrylate phenyloxyethyl glycol mono- (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ureidomethyl methacrylate, amino (meth) acrylates such as 2-aminoethyl (meth) acrylate.
• Vinyl esters of carboxylic acids with 1 to 20 carbon atoms are e.g. B. vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate,
• vinyl ethers containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms z.
• methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether or decyl vinyl ether methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether or decyl vinyl ether.
• vinylaromatic and heteroaromatic compounds are vinyltoluene, ⁇ - and p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene, styrene, divinylbenzene, 2-vinylpryridine, N-vinylimidazole, N-vinylpiperidone, N -Vinyl-2-methylimidazole and N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole.
• Vinyl lactams with 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring are, for example, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylpyrrolidone, laurolactam, oxygenated purines such as xanthine or its derivatives such as 3-methylxanthine, hypoxanthine, guanine, theophylline, caffeine, adenine or theobromine.
• N-vinylamide compounds and N-vinylamine compounds such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N- vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide, N-vinylpropionamide, N- Vinyl-N-methylpropionamide and N-vinylbutyramide and N-vinyl-N-dimethylamine, N-vinyl-N-methylethylamine, N-vinyl-N-diethylamine can be stabilized by the process according to the invention.
• the vinyl halides are chlorine, fluorine or bromine-substituted ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride and vinylidene chloride.
• Halogenated hydrocarbons with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 olefinic double bonds may be mentioned as aliphatic, for example ethylene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.
• Vinylidene can be mentioned, for example, as vinylidene.
• polymerizable compounds are N-vinylcaprolactam, vinylphosphoric acids, vinyl acetic acid, allylacetic acid, N-vinyl carbazole, hydroxymethyl vinyl ketone, N, N-divinylethylene urea, vinylene carbonate, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, nitroethylene, ⁇ -chloroacrylic ester, ⁇ -cyanomalonic ester, meth Cyansorbic acid esters, cyclopentadiene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene and cyclododecene.
• the radical scavengers are used to stabilize mono-, di- or triethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -carboxylic acids, and also their C 1 -C 20 -alkyl esters or N-vinylcaprolactam, N- Vinylformamide, N-vinylimidazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinylphosphoric acids, N-
• Vinyl carbazole N, N-divinylethylene urea, trimethylol propane acrylate, ureidomethyl methacrylate, styrene, butadiene or isoprene are used.
• Preferred unsaturated C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acids are for example acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and their dC 8 alkyl esters such as.
• the radical scavengers according to the invention are used in a process as described in DE-A 100 64 642.
• a mixture of substances originating from the working up and essentially free of (meth) acrylic acid and containing stabilizer is passed into a distillation apparatus and a low boiling stream obtained therefrom and containing stabilizer returned to the processing.
• Free radical scavengers according to the invention are particularly suitable for such a process, their vapor pressures at 141 ° C. (boiling point of acrylic acid) at normal pressure being at least 15 hPa, preferably between 20 and 800 hPa, particularly preferably between 25 and 500 hPa, very particularly preferably between 25 and 250 hPa and in particular between 25 and 160 hPa, and their mixtures.
• the radical scavengers according to the invention are used in a process for working up N-vinyl monomers, such as the vinyl esters mentioned, vinyl ethers, vinyl aromatics and heteroaromics as well as the open-chain N-vinylamide compounds and N-vinylamine compounds.
• the area of application of the method according to the invention also relates to the storage and transport of these polymerizable compounds.
• ppm and percentages used in this document relate to percentages by weight and ppm.
• the samples were all stored in a forced-air drying cabinet at 120 ° C.
• the average standard deviation within a test series was approx. 2 - 4%. Unless otherwise stated, the concentrations were 25 ppm free radical scavenger plus 10 ppm phenothiazine (PTZ).
• the relative effectiveness is calculated from the quotient of the time until the polymerisation of the sample from radical scavenger and PTZ and the time up to the polymerisation of the reference sample. Pure PTZ was used as the reference sample, so the relative effectiveness of the reference sample is 1.0.
• N-vinylpyrrolidone N-vinylpyrrolidone
• pyrrolidone 1: 1
• Rf radical scavenger

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