EP1667810A1 - Procede de soudage au plasma, au laser ou par bombardement electronique de materiaux identiques ou differents ayant une tendance au durcissement trop grande a l'aide de cuivre ou d'un alliage de cuivre en tant que materiau auxiliaire - Google Patents

Procede de soudage au plasma, au laser ou par bombardement electronique de materiaux identiques ou differents ayant une tendance au durcissement trop grande a l'aide de cuivre ou d'un alliage de cuivre en tant que materiau auxiliaire

Info

Publication number
EP1667810A1
EP1667810A1 EP04761048A EP04761048A EP1667810A1 EP 1667810 A1 EP1667810 A1 EP 1667810A1 EP 04761048 A EP04761048 A EP 04761048A EP 04761048 A EP04761048 A EP 04761048A EP 1667810 A1 EP1667810 A1 EP 1667810A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weld seam
copper
melted
impurities
copper alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04761048A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oskar Kehrer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna Drivetrain AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Magna Drivetrain AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna Drivetrain AG and Co KG filed Critical Magna Drivetrain AG and Co KG
Publication of EP1667810A1 publication Critical patent/EP1667810A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/28—Seam welding of curved planar seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/06—Cast-iron alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/38—Constructional details
    • F16H2048/385—Constructional details of the ring or crown gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/08—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion comprising bevel gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/0018—Shaft assemblies for gearings
    • F16H57/0025—Shaft assemblies for gearings with gearing elements rigidly connected to a shaft, e.g. securing gears or pulleys by specially adapted splines, keys or methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for welding materials of the same or different types, such as cast iron, cast steel, malleable cast iron, sintered material, case-hardened steel, steel with a high C content, tempered steel, high-strength steel, etc., using a high-energy beam, and an application of the process and machine parts that are welded after the process.
  • materials of the same or different types such as cast iron, cast steel, malleable cast iron, sintered material, case-hardened steel, steel with a high C content, tempered steel, high-strength steel, etc.
  • a method for connecting a cast part to a part made of case-hardened steel by means of a high-energy beam is known from AT 003253 Ul.
  • this known method it is possible to connect components made of different and partly finished and / or already hardened parts by welding, for example components which are used in drive trains of motor vehicles. It is thus possible to connect a finely machined and hardened gearwheel to a hollow housing part designed as a cast part, wherein the gearwheel can also be case-hardened and the cast part can be formed from cast steel, white malleable cast iron or spheroidal cast iron.
  • the invention aims to avoid the disadvantages and difficulties outlined above and has as its object to provide a method of the type described above, with which it is possible to use even very delicate components which, after welding, must still have a very high level of accuracy, such as For example, parts that do not allow a shift in the contact pattern of a toothing to be connected with one another, with the lowest possible heat affected zone and high economic efficiency, so that the method can also be used advantageously for mass production.
  • this object is achieved in that, by means of the high-energy beam in the weld seam, copper or an alloy with a high copper content, as well as material of the material to be welded or the materials to be welded, which limit the weld seam, are melted and the material or materials are welded with solidification of the melt that forms.
  • the provision of copper in the weld seam or an alloy with a high copper content has the effect that a melt which has a significantly lower melting point than in the prior art is formed in the weld seam, which melting point is reduced, for example, by one third compared to a steel melt.
  • the alloy with a high copper content that is melted in the weld seam preferably has a minimum copper content of 38%.
  • the copper in the weld in various ways, i.e. to bring in this.
  • the copper which is melted or the copper-containing alloy is introduced into the weld seam in the form of an additional wire supplied during welding.
  • the copper or the copper-containing alloy can also be introduced into the weld seam according to a preferred method before welding, such as by plating, rolling, spraying, inserting a shaped body, etc.
  • Another variant is characterized in that the copper is applied chemically or galvanically in the weld seam prior to welding, optionally with additions of other alloying elements, such as Sn and / or Zn.
  • a plasma beam or a laser beam or an electron beam can advantageously be used as the high-energy beam, the use of a plasma beam or an electron beam offering the advantage that no splashes occur, thereby saving finished surfaces, such as tooth flanks, for example, from being covered.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be applied to machine parts, at least one of which is made of one of the materials specified in claim 1, and the machine parts have already been finished.
  • An advantage of using the method according to the invention for connecting two parts forming a machine part can be seen in the fact that there is no need to prepare a weld seam, i.e. it is not an additional processing, such as the removal (twisting) of a carburized insert layer, required.
  • a particularly expedient application of the method according to the invention is given for parts of a drive train of an off-road and / or road vehicle, in particular for machine parts of such a drive train provided with teeth.
  • the invention also relates to a machine part, formed by at least two parts welded together, the weld seam being formed by the method according to the invention.
  • a weld seam with a high copper content preferably more than 38%, has a cross-sectional dimension smaller than 10mm x 1.5mm, preferably smaller than 6mm x 0.8mm.
  • the weld seam is to be understood as the remelted material, formed from the parts to be welded together and the welding filler. It has been shown that parts welded with a laser beam or an electron beam have a weld seam of max. 1mm wide, whereas a plasma jet welds up to max. 1.5mm forms.
  • the two parts to be welded to one another are preferably supported with at least one mating surface, so that no special alignment of the parts is necessary during the welding process.
  • FIGS. 1A, IB, 3 and 5 shown in the drawing show machine parts in section, which are to be connected by means of a weld seam, and FIGS. 2, 4 and 6 show micrographs of the weld seams associated with these machine parts.
  • a laser welding system with the following characteristics was used for the three exemplary embodiments described below: Rofin Sinar 860 HF beam source with 6 kW beam power; C0 2 -Laser HF-excited, laser head with rotating swivel axis, Crossjet and integrated wire feed unit; Sinumerik 840 D control, focal lengths between 150 and 300mm (preferred: 250mm focal length).
  • the ratio wire feed speed to welding speed according to the invention is between 0.8: 1 to 3: 1, a preferred range is 1: 1 to 2: 1, a particularly suitable setting is the ratio 1, 5: 1, which was chosen for the exemplary embodiments.
  • All of the exemplary embodiments described below are connections to drive trains for motor vehicles.
  • the required welding depths result from the height of the torque to be transmitted and from the diameter at which the welded connection is provided. Usual welding depths are between 1, 5 and 8mm, preferably between 3 and 5mm.
  • the resulting path energies result in a range between 0.5 to 4 kJ / cm, a preferred range is 0.7 to 2 kJ / cm, an optimal value is 1.
  • a differential housing 1 is to be welded to a clutch basket 2 to form a unit.
  • the differential housing 1 is made of spheroidal graphite cast iron GJS-500-7
  • the clutch basket 2 is made of tempered steel 40 NiCrMo 22, tempered to 1100 N / mm 2 , hardened and tempered.
  • the two parts 1, 2 are supported against one another by means of two pairs of fitting surfaces 3, 4, namely a radially directed pair 3 and a cylindrical pair 4.
  • the area 5, which is provided for the weld seam, extends radially from the cylindrical pair of mating surfaces 4 to the outside.
  • a radial fitting surface 3 is arranged below, ie radially on the inside of the weld seam to be provided, ie the area 5.
  • weld preparation i.e. a cavity 6, which extends radially around the circumference of the parts and is narrow in cross section and is similar to a tulip seam, was provided for the weld, the radially outer edges 7 being broken.
  • the welding was carried out using a 1 mm thick copper welding wire with a path energy of 0.9 kJ / cm at a welding depth of 3.64 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows a metallographic cross section through the weld 8 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, the weld depth being dimensioned; it is 3.64mm.
  • the extremely narrow weld seam 8 and the likewise extremely narrow heat-affected zone 9 can be seen.
  • the differential housing 10 is made of spheroidal graphite GJS-600-3, the ring gear 11 is made of case-hardened steel 20 MnCr 5.
  • the ring gear 11 is seated on the differential housing 10 with a cylindrical 12 and a radial 13 centering or fitting surface; apart from a usual edge break, no special seam preparation was provided.
  • the surface 13 of the ring gear 11 on which welding is carried out, i.e. the radially extending surface 13 was not covered when carburizing, and the insert layer was not removed before welding.
  • the housing 15 has a first axially normal surface 17 to be welded, which is adjoined by a cylindrical collar 18 which forms an outer cylindrical fitting surface 19. At a point of greater wall thickness, the housing can be provided with a circumferential groove 20 which runs parallel to the first surface to be welded and which is rounded in cross section.
  • a second surface 21 to be welded lying in a plane normal to the axis and a cylindrical fitting surface 22 which sits on the cylindrical fitting surface 19 of the housing 15.
  • An extension 23 is provided between the cylindrical mating surfaces 19 and 22 and the surfaces 17 and 21 to be welded.
  • the axis of rotation of the housing is designated by 24 and the welding head is designated by 25.
  • the welding was done in the blind hardened base material; the insert layer was removed by hard turning.
  • a weld seam preparation was carried out, similar to that according to FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • the welding was carried out with a path energy of 1.3 kJ / cm at a welding depth of about 6mm.
  • the metallographic cross section can be seen in FIG. 6.
  • the welding depth is 6 mm.
  • the method according to the invention can be used in many ways. Different welding preparations are possible:
  • Butt joint, - V preparation, - U preparation, - HV preparation, - HU preparation, - combination of the above preparations, - only usual edge break for joining (pressing) the two parts to be welded "no" seam preparation, other gap (surfaces to be welded do not completely collide).
  • the case layer can remain completely in place, be partially or completely worked off, or the surface to be welded is covered from the outset to prevent carburization (mechanically with a ring, from the frame holder, through pastes, through galvanic coatings, such as copper plating or the like).
  • the weld seam can come to lie axially, radially or at an angle.
  • the copper-containing intermediate layer can be provided either galvanically, electrochemically, by spraying, mechanically by rolling, pressing on, clamping, inserting / inserting, pressing on before the welding process or by supplying additional wire / additional powder during the welding process.
  • the method according to the invention permits the welding of materials which usually cause a large hardening during welding.
  • a sintered steel hardened from the sintering heat minimum density 6.6 g / cm 3
  • a carbon content of 0.6 to 0.9% e.g. FLC-4608 or FLNC-4408
  • carburizing is not necessary.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de soudage de matériaux identiques ou différents (1, 2) ayant une tendance au durcissement trop grande, tels que de la fonte de fer, de la fonte d'acier, de la fonte malléable, du matériau de frittage, de l'acier cémenté, de l'acier ayant une grande teneur en C, de l'acier trempé, de l'acier très résistant etc., faisant intervenir un faisceau haute énergie. L'invention vise à permettre l'assemblage par soudage de pièces finies délicates (1, 2) présentant une précision élevée, de façon économique. A cet effet, le faisceau haute énergie est employé pour fondre du cuivre ou un alliage ayant une forte teneur en cuivre, ainsi que le ou les matériaux à souder délimitant la soudure, dans la soudure, et le ou les matériaux sont soudés par solidification de la fonte formée.
EP04761048A 2003-10-02 2004-09-28 Procede de soudage au plasma, au laser ou par bombardement electronique de materiaux identiques ou differents ayant une tendance au durcissement trop grande a l'aide de cuivre ou d'un alliage de cuivre en tant que materiau auxiliaire Withdrawn EP1667810A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0067603U AT7047U1 (de) 2003-10-02 2003-10-02 Verfahren zum schweissen
PCT/AT2004/000326 WO2005030423A1 (fr) 2003-10-02 2004-09-28 Procede de soudage au plasma, au laser ou par bombardement electronique de materiaux identiques ou differents ayant une tendance au durcissement trop grande a l'aide de cuivre ou d'un alliage de cuivre en tant que materiau auxiliaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1667810A1 true EP1667810A1 (fr) 2006-06-14

Family

ID=32686574

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04761048A Withdrawn EP1667810A1 (fr) 2003-10-02 2004-09-28 Procede de soudage au plasma, au laser ou par bombardement electronique de materiaux identiques ou differents ayant une tendance au durcissement trop grande a l'aide de cuivre ou d'un alliage de cuivre en tant que materiau auxiliaire

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20070029290A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1667810A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007508145A (fr)
AT (1) AT7047U1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2541236A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005030423A1 (fr)

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US20070029290A1 (en) 2007-02-08
WO2005030423A1 (fr) 2005-04-07
AT7047U1 (de) 2004-09-27
JP2007508145A (ja) 2007-04-05
CA2541236A1 (fr) 2005-04-07

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