EP1657007B1 - Procédé de formage de pièces - Google Patents

Procédé de formage de pièces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1657007B1
EP1657007B1 EP05024456A EP05024456A EP1657007B1 EP 1657007 B1 EP1657007 B1 EP 1657007B1 EP 05024456 A EP05024456 A EP 05024456A EP 05024456 A EP05024456 A EP 05024456A EP 1657007 B1 EP1657007 B1 EP 1657007B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
medium
die
punch
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05024456A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1657007B9 (fr
EP1657007A1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Hermann Schondelmaier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1657007A1 publication Critical patent/EP1657007A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1657007B1 publication Critical patent/EP1657007B1/fr
Publication of EP1657007B9 publication Critical patent/EP1657007B9/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/037—Forming branched tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/043—Means for controlling the axial pusher
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/045—Closing or sealing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for deforming workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1, with the general hollow body such as pipes can be expanded by applying an internal pressure or deformed into a desired contour.
  • workpieces which have, for example, a complex geometric shape can be adjusted.
  • the so-called hydroforming process has long been known.
  • the workpiece to be deformed is inserted into a tool mold which contains the contour of the workpiece to be produced as an engraving or negative mold.
  • the tool is closed and locked by a hydraulic press.
  • Sealing punches which are attached to hydraulic axial cylinders, close the front ends of the pipes.
  • an internal pressure in the front pipe is filled into a front pipe and built by a pressure pump, an internal pressure in the front pipe.
  • the pre-pipe is widened.
  • the sealing dies push the pipe ends, causing material to flow into the forming zone.
  • a targeted control of the internal pressure and the sealing punch movement causes the material to be applied to the tool contour and thus the finished part its final Form receives.
  • This hydroforming process is for example in the DE 195 30 055 A1 .
  • the forming pressure will be generated by hydraulic pumps.
  • these hydraulic pumps only reach forming pressures up to a limited value. Due to the limited forming pressure many geometrical shapes and wall thicknesses can not be produced with this method or only very time consuming. Workpieces with larger wall thicknesses, which may also consist of a more deformation-resistant material, can be produced with these known methods, if at all, only conditionally. Due to the limited pressures also only relatively small deformations can be achieved in workpieces with these known procedures.
  • the previous devices for the hydroforming process are very complex and complex to ensure the necessary tightness in the workpiece.
  • the system technology is expensive, on the other hand, long cycle times result from the complex change of workpieces.
  • the US 2,770,874 discloses a forming process in which two mutually movable punches are hydraulically or otherwise pressed against a plastic medium in the workpiece.
  • a medium here, however, a very special is used, namely molten aluminum.
  • molten aluminum solidifies again at the edge region, a seal against the punch and the tool is to be achieved. Due to the fact that this forming process known from it works only with molten aluminum which solidifies for sealing, it is not comparable with a forming process in which water, oil, plastic or a mixture thereof is used as the medium for producing a forming pressure.
  • the BP 0 760 264 A1 shows a device for the hydraulic deformation of tubular components, however, a very special design with a sealing mandrel and a stamp is described herein, which, however, is not suitable for directly applying a compressive force directly to the medium.
  • the sealing mandrel is arranged so that it opens at one end of the pipe section to be deformed and conducts there a seal on a conical surface.
  • the sealing dome is hollow and coupled via a channel with a punch, which alsoaut by moving by pressing pressure in the Abdichtdom and thus in the workpiece pressure.
  • the structure of the tool and the forming device is relatively complicated and expensive to manufacture.
  • the technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide a procedure that allows a better forming of workpieces.
  • the JP-A-0 712 42 69 shows a forming device consisting of several die parts. In these die parts, a cavity is formed, which has the desired outer contour of the workpiece to be deformed.
  • the hollow workpiece to be deformed is filled with oil, rubber or the like.
  • a plunger is inserted through an opening in the hollow workpiece and exerts pressure on the oil, rubber or the like contained therein so that the desired shaping takes place in the die.
  • the stamp exerts immediate pressure on the medium in the hollow body to be deformed, such as oil, rubber or the like.
  • the seal between the punch and the workpiece is neither obvious nor explained.
  • the interior of a hollow body to be formed is subjected to hydraulic pressure.
  • a hydraulic pressure is also exerted on its outer side, wherein the pressure in the interior of the hollow body is greater than the pressure on its outer side.
  • the external pressure is at least 500 bar.
  • a movable punch or piston is guided in an extra holding part. Only the holding part comes at all with the workpiece to be deformed in contact.
  • the JP-A-56 080 329 shows a completely different procedure for forming a workpiece.
  • a needle is immersed by impact from above into a liquid. Only with the sliver down the needle is a seal at the upper end of the workpiece to be deformed achieved by separate means. The needle itself is guided in a special holder.
  • the workpiece is placed in a die (cavity tool), which already has the desired workpiece contour in the interior as a negative mold.
  • the medium here water, oil, plastic or a mixture thereof, be introduced into the workpiece, for example via a Zubowreicardi.
  • the workpiece or the cavity formed by this workpiece can be filled substantially with the known medium. But it may also be sufficient that at least one or the portions of the workpiece to be deformed are covered by the medium.
  • the medium is first inserted or filled in the matrix and then the workpiece is inserted. Finally, the punch is moved and pressed against the medium, so that this deformed the workpiece according to the negative mold of the die. The stamp is retracted to achieve a seal to the factory knit with a press fit into the workpiece.
  • the basic idea here is that the workpiece to be deformed and the punch define a closed cavity, which is now filled by the medium. By displacing the medium, an internal pressure is built up in the closed cavity, which leads to a deformation of the workpiece in the predetermined by the negative mold escape space. The pressure is thus determined by the force with which the punch is pressed and its end face, which faces the medium determined. This allows - as mentioned above - achieve a higher internal pressure than before, which can allow new applications, and also no pump for generating the internal pressure is necessary. It should be emphasized again here that the movable punch causes the forming pressure on the medium and not a pump as in the known method. Since the pressure is generated by a mechanical pressing device, forming pressures of up to 25,000 bar (or possibly even more) can be achieved.
  • the medium to which the stamp exerts the forming pressure can have a solid, semi-solid or liquid state of aggregation.
  • liquids water or oils are suitable, but it is also possible to use solid materials such as plastics. The latter are particularly suitable due to the low viscosity compared to liquid media, since thus the tightness of the device can be ensured easier.
  • solid materials such as plastics.
  • the latter are particularly suitable due to the low viscosity compared to liquid media, since thus the tightness of the device can be ensured easier.
  • all media can be used for the process according to the invention, which were also used in the previous known hydroforming process.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the method provides for the use of an additional Dichtunsssystems, which is attached for example to the punch or on the die.
  • the die or the tool can be immersed in a medium.
  • the punch which can be introduced into the workpiece with press-fitting, and optionally the separate sealing system, in order to thus deform it.
  • a further exemplary embodiment of the method provides that the illustrated method is carried out by means of cold forming.
  • a hot forming is conceivable and feasible.
  • at least one heating device for heating the workpiece, the die and / or the medium may be present on the device according to the invention mentioned above.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the method provides that the forming pressure is not constant, but exerted on the medium. This may cause material defects that may arise during a sudden application of high pressure, be avoided. For example, the increase in the forming pressure can be increased steadily or in stages.
  • a workpiece to be deformed is placed in a die. Subsequently, the workpiece is filled with a medium on which a displaceable punch exerts a forming pressure by displacing the medium. As a result, the workpiece clings to the negative mold and receives the desired shape.
  • the stamp is driven for example by a press.
  • the present invention is based on the idea, instead of generating the forming pressure via a pump as in the case of the known method mentioned at the outset, for the first time exerting a high internal pressure by displacing the special medium which has been added. For example, by means of a hydraulic press and a punch to be displaced thereby to a predetermined volume of medium, a very large pressure can be exerted. This allows significantly higher forming pressures than before. By generating the forming pressure by moving the movable punch, so generally by displacing a deformable, but substantially incompressible medium, much higher internal pressures in the workpiece to be deformed erzeusbar than before. In addition, for the first time for carrying out the hydroforming process no hydraulic pump longer necessary, but it is now this used the previously used to hold the tool press. In addition, a seal can be achieved by the press fit between punch and workpiece.
  • the forming pressure builds up exclusively in the interior of the workpiece to be deformed, since an external pressure counteracts the deformation direction.
  • the punch in order to build up the pressure exclusively inside, the punch has an oversize to the outside diameter of the hollow part of the workpiece into which the punch is pressed.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention comprises a sealing system which surrounds the stamp on the circumferential side, so that no medium can escape laterally of the movable punch.
  • a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the sealing system, for example, a sleeve in which the punch is axially retractable, and at least. Includes a seal between the sleeve and punch.
  • the sleeve is positively on the workpiece and thus seals the medium from the die.
  • a sealing ring arranged, so that the medium is sealed from the environment.
  • the sleeve may be provided on the front side with at least one annular tooth or the like, which engages in the workpiece and ensures a better seal.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides that a plurality of cavities are provided in the tool, in each of which at least one punch is retractable. This can be formed with a tool in a press several workpieces simultaneously. For larger workpieces it may u.U. also be expedient to provide several punches on a cavity at different locations.
  • Fig. 1 the basic structure of an exemplary embodiment of a device 1 is shown.
  • the die 4 which is mounted on a subfloor 11 or pressed against the subfloor 11, has inside a cavity 14 with a negative mold 5 (here a depression or indentation) to which the workpiece 2 snuggles under pressure.
  • the forming device comprises a punch 3, which can be moved into the workpiece 2 with a press fit in order to exert a forming pressure P on a medium 7 which is located in the workpiece 2.
  • a negative mold 5 here a depression or indentation
  • the die 4 can be made of one piece, since the workpiece 2 in the present case, for example, has no complicated undercuts and thus can be seen easily from the die 4 after deformation. For this purpose, only the bottom 11 must be removed or the die 4 are lifted from the bottom 11. Then the deformed workpiece 2, which now also protrudes into the recess 5, can be removed downwards out of the die 4.
  • the workpiece 2 to be deformed is already inserted (for example, form-fitting) in the die 4.
  • the medium 7 is introduced into the workpiece 2 via a feed device 15 so that at least the points of the workpiece 2 to be deformed (in this case the workpiece section opposite the ornament 5 in the die 4) are covered.
  • the underbody 11 will serve as a base or counter-position for the workpiece 2.
  • the punch 3 By pressing the punch 3, the workpiece 2 is pressed into the recess 5 with the aid of the medium 7 and assumes the corresponding predetermined shape or shape.
  • the Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the device of Fig. 1 with which even complex geometries such as undercuts can be formed.
  • a reinforcing ring 6 used as a fastening means which surrounds the die 4 in a form-fitting manner.
  • the reinforcing ring 6 and the die 4 is conically oversized to produce by means of a press connection tangential compressive stress and thus to ensure the cohesion of the die 4.
  • a medium 7 is then filled until at least about the location to be deformed, for example, with a feeder 15 and exerted by the in the workpiece 2 with press fit retractable punch 3 forming pressure P.
  • P press fit retractable punch 3
  • the workpiece 2 deformed until the negative mold 5 'is reached.
  • the reinforcing ring 6 is removed from the die 4, so that the die 4 can be opened and the workpiece 2 can be removed.
  • Fig. 3 and 4 illustrate the possible embodiments of the die 4 and the reinforcing ring 6. It can also be seen that the matrix 4 can have any number of divisions in cross-section in complex geometric shapes of the workpiece 2.
  • the sealing system 8 comprises a sleeve 12 which is inserted in a form-fitting manner into the die 4 and, in the exemplary embodiment of the method according to the present invention shown, rests on the end face of the workpiece 2 facing the front side.
  • On the inner wall of the sleeve sits at least one O-ring 13 1 for sealing the punch 3.
  • On the die 4 facing the end face of the sleeve 12 is at least one sealing ring 13 2 is arranged, which seals the die 4 against the atmosphere.
  • the punch 3 in the inner bore or inner hole of the sleeve 12th slidably mounted.
  • the punch 3 is fitted in the inner bore or the inner hole of the sleeve 12 with a press fit.
  • the underbody 11 and the die are connected to each other here, for example by screws (not shown).
  • FIG. 6 another embodiment of a sealing system 8 is shown comprising a sleeve 12 with a ring point and a seal 13, which seals the sleeve 12 and the punch 3. Since the punch 3 can be moved into the workpiece 2 with a press fit, the sleeve 12 has the ring point (see detail B), which provides a seal between the sleeve 12 and the workpiece 2, and the further seal 13 2 forms the sleeve 12 with respect to the die 4 seals, the pressure build-up only in the interior of the workpiece 2, which is filled with the medium 7, ensured.
  • the Fig. 7 shows another possible embodiment of the forming device 1 with a conical reinforcing ring 6, which encloses a multi-part conical die 4 and a punch 3, which is controlled by a mechanical device 9 (for example, a press).
  • the die 4 which has the negative mold 5 inside, encloses the undeformed workpiece 2, which is filled by means of a feed device 15 with a medium 7 at least to over the surfaces to be deformed.
  • the mechanical device 9 controls the punch 3 in such a way that pressure is exerted on the medium 7.
  • the stamp 3 is retracted with a press fit into the workpiece 2, whereby the forming pressure P increases and thereby the workpiece 2 conforms to the negative mold 5.
  • the sealing system 8 prevents on the one hand the escape of the medium 7 and on the other hand, that the pressure builds up only in the interior of the workpiece 2.
  • FIG. 8 An exemplary sequence of the hydroforming process according to the invention shows the Fig. 8 , Initially, the female mold 4 formed with the female mold 5, which in the case of undercuts may consist of several parts, is provided with the reinforcing ring 6, which reinforces and / or holds the female mold together.
  • the reinforcing ring 6, which is conically formed on the inner peripheral side is plugged onto the one or multi-part die 4, which is conically shaped on the outer peripheral side.
  • the workpiece 2 to be deformed is inserted and filled in the next step with a medium 7 until at least the parts of the workpiece to be deformed are covered.
  • the punch 3 is displaced by the mechanical device 9 in the direction of the cavity 14 of the workpiece 2 and thereby a forming pressure P is built up via the medium 7 in the workpiece interior.
  • the sealing system 8 can be used to ensure that the pressure build-up takes place exclusively in the interior of the workpiece 2.
  • the punch 3, which is controlled by the mechanical device 9, exerts pressure on the medium 7 until the workpiece 2 has completely nestled against the negative mold 5.
  • the forming pressure P can be kept constant or variable.
  • the reinforcing ring 6 is removed, the die 4 is opened and the deformed workpiece 2 is removed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de formage de pièces (2) avec au moins les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    a) chargement de la pièce (2) dans un espace creux (14) d'une matrice (4) qui possède la forme négative (5) du contour externe souhaité d'une pièce façonnée (2),
    b) acheminement d'un agent (7), qui est de l'eau, une huile, une matière synthétique ou un mélange de ceux-ci, dans la pièce (2), et
    c) enfoncement d'un plongeur (3) contre l'agent (7) de sorte que le plongeur déforme la pièce (2) de manière correspondante à la forme négative (5) de la matrice (4), caractérisé en ce que le plongeur (3) est inséré dans la pièce (2) avec un ajustement serré pour assurer une étanchéité avec la pièce (2) et en ce que, de la sorte, le plongeur est pressé contre l'agent (7) de sorte que celui-ci déforme la pièce (2) de manière correspondante à la forme négative (5) de la matrice (4).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, à l'étape c), le plongeur (3) est pressé et déplacé par un dispositif mécanique (9), par exemple une presse.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel l'agent (7) est solide, semi-solide ou liquide.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'agent (7) est introduit dans un espace creux (14) de la pièce (2) jusqu'à ce qu'au moins la ou les zones de la pièce, qui doit ou doivent être façonnés, soi(en)t recouvert(s) par l'agent.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel, à l'étape c), on fait varier la force de compression sur le plongeur (3).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel, à l'étape a), la pièce (2) est chargée dans une forme négative (5) d'une matrice (4) à une ou plusieurs parties, qui est assemblée avec une attache (6).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel un assemblage d'armature (6) est placé autour de la matrice (4) par engagement positif pour solidariser la matrice (4) à une ou plusieurs parties.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel, à l'étape a), la matrice (4) et l'assemblage d'armature (6) sont conformés en cône et/ou avec un surdimensionnement et la matrice (4) à une ou plusieurs parties est pressée dans l'assemblage d'armature (6) par engagement positif.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel l'agent (7) est introduit dans la pièce (2) à l'étape b) au moyen d'un dispositif d'alimentation (15).
EP20050024456 2004-11-10 2005-11-09 Procédé de formage de pièces Not-in-force EP1657007B9 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410054324 DE102004054324A1 (de) 2004-11-10 2004-11-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verformen von Werkstücken

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1657007A1 EP1657007A1 (fr) 2006-05-17
EP1657007B1 true EP1657007B1 (fr) 2012-08-29
EP1657007B9 EP1657007B9 (fr) 2013-01-23

Family

ID=35457314

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20050024456 Not-in-force EP1657007B9 (fr) 2004-11-10 2005-11-09 Procédé de formage de pièces

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1657007B9 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004054324A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102601206A (zh) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-25 张家港合瑞车桥有限公司 液压胀形管端密封装置
DE102017200917A1 (de) * 2017-01-20 2018-07-26 Thyssenkrupp Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Autofrettieren eines Werkstücks

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5680329A (en) * 1979-12-04 1981-07-01 Kaoru Abe Hydraulic forging device
JPH07124269A (ja) * 1993-10-21 1995-05-16 Shiyoukasen Kiko Kk 消防用送水口頭部の製造方法
EP0740969A1 (fr) * 1995-05-04 1996-11-06 Rasselstein Hoesch GmbH Procédé pour la réalisation d'un corps creux en tÔle de forme complexe

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770874A (en) 1953-04-27 1956-11-20 Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co Method of locally expanding tubing
US5445001A (en) 1994-08-10 1995-08-29 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for forming and cutting tubing
DE59502603D1 (de) * 1995-08-24 1998-07-23 Benteler Werke Ag Vorrichtung zur hydraulischen Umformung von rohrförmigen Bauteilen
DE19743863A1 (de) * 1997-10-04 1999-04-15 Schaefer Hydroforming Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Hohlwelle mit äußeren radialen Erhebungen durch Innenhochdruck-Umformung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5680329A (en) * 1979-12-04 1981-07-01 Kaoru Abe Hydraulic forging device
JPH07124269A (ja) * 1993-10-21 1995-05-16 Shiyoukasen Kiko Kk 消防用送水口頭部の製造方法
EP0740969A1 (fr) * 1995-05-04 1996-11-06 Rasselstein Hoesch GmbH Procédé pour la réalisation d'un corps creux en tÔle de forme complexe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102004054324A1 (de) 2006-05-24
EP1657007B9 (fr) 2013-01-23
EP1657007A1 (fr) 2006-05-17

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