EP1629462B1 - Accessories or actuating elements for, or components of, musical instruments - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to accessory and component and actuating parts, respectively, for and of musical instruments, respectively. According to the invention, it is provided that the parts are formed at least partially, preferably entirely, from titanium or a titanium alloy GRADE 5, preferably TiAl6V4, or from a titanium alloy of material number 3.7165 or 3.7164, respectively.

Description

The invention relates to accessory or operating parts for musical instruments. US-A-6124538 discloses the use of titanium and titanium alloys for musical instruments, and mentions the anodic coating with oxides and other chemical compounds.

The object of the invention is to make accessories or operating parts for or of musical instruments (n) such that they affect as little as possible the vibration behavior and thus the sound that is emitted by these instruments, but positively influence them , Furthermore, the life and handling of the instruments should be improved.

These objects are achieved in that these parts are designed according to the characterizing part of claim 1. According to the invention it is achieved that the sound of an instrument is preserved with the overtones and the brilliance and carrying capacity is increased; the success is audible. The response of the instrument and the brilliance as well as the load-bearing capacity of the sound are improved, as there is virtually no damping of the vibrations and overtones due to these parts.

Due to the features of claim 3, the advantages are more clearly achieved or a nearly optimal sound quality, especially sound whitening achieved. Furthermore, the parts are wear-resistant, inert, do not cause allergies and long-lasting.

Of particular advantage is the inventive training for those components of musical instruments, as stated in the characterizing part of claim 9.

In the drawings, examples of the inventively designed parts are given, but it is understood that only the name of these parts for the scope of the invention is relevant, but not the actual representation of these parts, which can be created by the person skilled in a modified form.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the individual parts in conjunction with the drawing.

Fig. 1 shows a fine tuner according to the invention; Figs. 2 and 3 show string balls. 4a, 4b and 4c show a handle string and a mounting plate. Figs. 5a and 5b show a wolf slayer. Fig. 6 shows a wooden vertebra with shank. FIGS. 7a and 7b show a tuning peg, in particular for keyboard instruments. Fig. 8 shows a mouthpiece for brass instruments. Fig. 9 shows a fretwire, especially for plucked instruments. Fig. 10 shows a bell or a bell for brass instruments. Fig. 11 shows a chin-holding screw for stringed instruments. Fig. 12 shows a pick. Fig. 13 shows a mechanism, in particular for plucked or String Instruments. Fig. 14 shows a trombone train. Fig. 15 shows platelets of a vibraphone or metallophone. Fig. 16 shows a web support. Figs. 17a and 17b show dampers for stringed instruments. Fig. 18 shows a head plate, in particular for bowing, Fig. 19 shows a tailpiece. Fig. 20 shows a thumb or finger ring. Fig. 21 shows a bottleneck. Fig. 22 shows a frog and legs for bow. Fig. 23 shows a bell. Fig. 24 shows a bowed-bow screw for spreadsheets. Fig. 25 shows a bassoon bow. Fig. 26 shows a tuning fork. Fig. 27 shows a pitch pipe. Figs. 28 to 30 show a sting. Figs. 31 and 32 show a knob. Figs. 33, 34 and 35 show valves; Figs. 36, 37 and 38 show a tailpiece. Figs. 39 and 40 show saddles. FIGS. 41 and 42 show webs.

A fine tuner according to Fig. 1 is an apparatus used in a tailpiece of a stringed instrument e.g. Violin, viola, cello or the like is screwed to tune the string fine and easier to a certain pitch.

The fine tuner shown in FIG. 1 and constructed in accordance with the invention comprises inter alia a micro-screw 5 and a threaded bushing 6 provided with hard coatings of TiN, WC / C, CrC and / or TiN or at least one such hard layer on their surfaces, thus results in a much longer life and wear resistance compared to the previous made of iron or steel sheet and steel screws fine tuners. Furthermore, due to the weight and the modulus of elasticity of the materials used, the overtones are less attenuated in stringed instruments. The tone of an instrument is preserved with the overtones and the instrument shows brilliance and carrying capacity as it would without fine tuners, but without the convenience of easy tuning of the strings.

The surface of the fine tuner according to the invention are abrasion resistant due to the hard layers and no allergies occur through the material.

1, the threaded connection part 1 is screwed with a knurled nut 3 in the tailpiece, which carries the lever 2 and the thumbscrew 4, the micro-screw 5 and the threaded bushing 6. All parts except the threaded bush are according to the invention, i. with titanium or the (n) specified titanium alloy (s) and optionally the specified hard coatings produced. The threaded bush itself is advantageous from spring-hard bearing bronze, which has good emergency running properties.

The knurled nut and the knurled screw carry a flat knurl with a pitch of 0.5 mm. On a milled U-profile 1, a threaded pin is placed, which has a bore for the thumbscrew and a bore for the threaded bushing 6. The outer thread of the pin carries the thread of the knurled nut and the the other end of the U-profile 1 is a hole with a countersink for the micro-screw, which represents the joint. The lever 2 has on one side a slot which terminates in the bore 10, which serves for receiving the string and a kink or a hole or recess 7 for the micro-screw 5. At the other end of a boat 8 is milled, which is used to guide the thumbscrew serves. The slot 9 has a variable dimension, depending on the string to be hooked.

Fig. 2 and 3 show string balls 11,12, which are constructed according to the invention and serve as an abutment for associated with this string ball strings for musical instruments. String balls are used at the tail end of the strings for musical instruments as an abutment for tensioning the strings. The ball is mounted by the string is placed in the form of a loop in a groove 13 of the ball shown in Fig. 2 and then twisted with the string and is wrapped with a thread. Since the string ball is the direct transmission point of the pulses, it is important not to dampen these pulses and the vibrations generated. With the string ball designed according to the invention, the response of the instrument and the brilliance as well as the load-bearing capacity of the tone are improved, since there is virtually no damping of the vibrations and overtones by a soft alloy. With the possibly provided hard coatings, the brilliance of the tones and the carrying capacity of the instrument is further improved; by anodization and / or heat treatment, the color of the string ball as well as in the other of the alloys of the invention produced accessories can be specified or made appealing. Through the heat treatment, the sound quality can be further improved by appropriate hardening of the alloy.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a string ball 12 according to the invention. If the string ball 12 is provided with at least one hard layer in the procedure according to the invention, a much better vibration transmission and a brighter tone and a longer oscillation duration of the strings are obtained. The overtones and thus the transparency of the sound images are favored by the high strength of the material and the low density. The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the string ball is almost unlimited. Additionally, the material and coatings are inert and abrasion resistant.

These advantages generally apply to all inventively designed parts.

The hard layers can be applied to the surface of the alloys in several identical or different layers, which makes the vibration behavior of the material very audible and pleasant.

The string ball may have a cylindrical or oval bore 14 as shown in Fig. 3 in front or side view, have. It is important that the small transverse bore 15 at the node 16 is only slightly larger than the string to keep the knot safely. However, the opposite transverse bore 17 must ensure the vibration freedom of the string. A countersink 18 is necessary to protect the string. A turned-cone 19 serves to self-centering the string ball in their storage to facilitate the assembly of the string and to guarantee proper functioning. The recess on the tailpiece or on the bridge requires only a bore with a countersink for the ball or the turned-cone 19. The string ball is made entirely of titanium or the alloy according to the invention.

4a, 4b and 4c show a handle string 20 and a fixing plate 21 for stringed instruments. The handle string 20 is inserted at the narrow end of the string holder 22 through the two holes 23 in the wood 3 and then through the two holes 24 of the mounting plate 21, then bent over and twisted. According to the invention, the handle string 20 and the attachment plate 21 are made of titanium or of the specified titanium alloys - if necessary provided with at least one hard layer - whereby the transmission of the pulse vibrations and the harmonics are improved. Since the string 20 and the mounting plate 21 represent the direct transmission point of the pulses, vibrations and harmonics, it is important not to dampen these pulses, vibrations and overtones.

The diameter of the handle string 20 and the mounting plate 21 is adapted to the instrument. Due to their density and tensile strength, as well as their modulus of elasticity, the alloys are extremely well suited for the intended purpose.

Figures 5a and 5b show a wolf killer 25 for stringed instruments. In the worm tusk invention, the axial application of two half collets 26 (Fig. 5b) directly to a string and then the screwing together of the screw sleeves 27 and 28 (Fig. 5a), whereby the wolf eraser, which thus consists of four parts, on the string is clamped at a certain point between tailpiece and bridge. Instead of damping materials such as rubber, rubber or the like. As part of conventional Wolftötern the end screwed onto the collets 26 screw sleeves 27,28 made of titanium or an alloy according to the invention, whereas for the collets 26 Reiniridum or pure tantalum is used whereby the transmission of the impulses, oscillations and overtones of a string are not hindered, but is canceled by the generated vibration node of the Wolfton.

The use of pure pure or pure tantalum is due to the high density of these materials and their good sound conductivity.

Since the collet is the direct transfer point of the transmitting string to the mass of the Wolf Tate, it is important not to dampen the strings, vibrations and overtones of the string by the direct contact of the string with the Wolf Tailer. The diameter of the inner bore 29 of the collet 26 is adapted to the string. The success is good to hear, since the Wolffon's response to the instrument and the brilliance as well as the load-bearing capacity of the sound is decidedly improved, as there is virtually no damping of the impulses, vibrations and overtones by soft materials, such as, for example. As copper, rubber, rubber, plastic or the like. Will take place. As with the other parts according to the invention made of titanium or the titanium alloys according to the invention, a coating of hard coatings may optionally also be anodizing and / or heat curing.

Fig. 6 shows a wooden vertebra 30 with shaft for stringed instruments. According to the invention, the shaft made of titanium or of a titanium alloy is at most coated with hard layers. Such a vortex is inserted into a string instrument with its conical shaft 31 in a designated conical driven hole in the spinal canal 32. It is envisaged that the swirl shaft 31 is manufactured with its running surfaces made of titanium, in particular titanium grade 5 or a titanium alloy and is connected to a wooden swivel 30. According to the invention, titanium or a titanium alloy is used instead of the previous wood of the fluid shaft, whereby the transmission of the pulses, vibrations and overtones of the string via the vortex the instrument body and the instrument is more precise and clear.

To save weight, it can be provided that the shaft 31 between the pegbox walls 33 is chambered out as needed.

The vortex shaft 31 made of titanium or a titanium alloy is glued with a conical surface with the wood vortex with a conical bore. This conical surface has two grooves 34 in the form of a conical left and an overlapping conical right-hand thread in order to ensure a positive bonding. The two grooves are not completely finished as threads with a pitch of 1 mm.

The tread 2 of the swirl shaft 31 shows a conical fine thread 34 with a pitch of 0.08 mm, to avoid loosening when tuning the vortex, ie the vortex is automatically tightened, not only the holding of the vortex, but also the vibration transmission of the vortex on the instrument is favored. So there are two vertebrae with one conical right and two for one instrument Eddy with a conical left Feinstgewinde. The vertebral end is provided for visual reasons with a wooden cap 30.

Figures 7a and 7b show a tuning peg 40 for keyboard instruments. This tuning peg consists of a metal rod 41 which carries a square 42 at one end and a fine thread 43 which is one or more continuous at the other end. In the area between the thread 43 and the square 42, a hole 44, the so-called string hole 44 is formed. The tuning peg 40 is keyed into keyboard keys in the reed after a slightly smaller hole in the piling has been pre-drilled to subsequently wind and tension the strings on the peg. to be able to agree. Instead of the previous iron alloys used for such tuning pegs, the alloys or titanium according to the invention are provided, if necessary with hard coatings. This achieves the advantages already achieved in connection with the other parts of musical instruments. The diameter and length of the vocal cord 40 is adapted to the corresponding keyboard instrument.

The fine thread 43 with the special thread profile is unlike the conventional tuning vortices not cut or blasted, but rolled or rolled. This has the decisive advantage that the surface is not rough, but very smooth and free of burrs and no edges and thus the wood is not machined when hammering, but only displaced, whereby a much better grip for the tuning peg is achieved, even at more frequent change of the vocal cord.

Fig. 8 shows a mouthpiece 60 for brass instruments of any kind, in particular for trumpets, flugelhorn, horn, tuba, trombone.

The mouthpiece 60 is a rotationally symmetrical rotary part made of titanium or an alloy according to the invention with an edge 61, a vessel 62, a heart 63, a core 64 and a shaft 65. The bore is referred to as a stem or shaft bore 66.

In the mouthpiece, a ring 67 can be fed; this ring 67 could also be put on the outside of the heart 63 or the soul 64. The ring 67 is preferably pressed in hot, so that the vibration transmission is not affected. The titanium used or the alloys used are preferably provided with hard coatings and can thereby be easily vibrated and give a brilliant overtone-rich tone. This tone formation is improved by the ring used.

The ring 67 must not be glued, but must, as already mentioned, when it is retracted, be pressed warm; an externally mounted ring must not be glued, but must be shrunk on.

Without a separate drawing, a bridge pin for keyboard instruments is described below. An inventive bar pin consists of a round metal rod (length about 10 to 15 mm, diameter about 2mm), which has a tip at one end and is made of titanium or a specified titanium alloy, possibly provided with hard coatings. The bridge pin on a keyboard instrument has the task of transmitting the vibrations of the string directly to the instrument. The diameter and length of the bar pin are adapted to the corresponding keyboard instrument.

An inventively designed string, not shown, is made of titanium or one of the specified alloys, if necessary coated with hard coatings. In addition, the string can be electroplated with rhodium or platinum.

The string according to the invention is a non-wound or unwound string which is provided at one end with a string ball and at the other end is inserted into a vortex in order to be tensioned on an instrument in this way. An inventively designed string is much more vibratory and facilitates the response of the instrument. The diameter of the string and the required tension as well as the length are adapted to the respective instrument. By coating the base material or possibly applied hard coatings with a material of higher density, such as e.g. Rhodium or platinum, the tone becomes more brilliant.

9 shows a fretwire 50 for plucked instruments, in particular with a head region 51 and a shank in T-shape.

The fretwire shown in Fig. 9 for plucking instruments has substantially T-shape and a shaft 53 which is provided with retaining prongs 54, 55. The fretwire 50 is tapped into a transverse groove of a web 56, glued or glued to shorten a string while playing and so can change the pitch. Usually each half tone has its own fret wire. The cross-section of a fretwire is usually held in T-shape, with the top 57 having an approximately semicircular shape. The fretwire is incorporated into a fingerboard of a plucked instrument. The width and length of the fretwire is adapted to the fretboard. The wear resistance of a covenant wire according to the invention is substantially higher than that of conventional colored wires, in particular those made of brass or nickel silver.

10 shows a bell 70 or a bell for brass instruments, in particular trumpets, flugelhorn, horn, tuba and trombones or for horns, sirens, follower horns.

To improve the response, the carrying capacity and the brilliance of such instruments, the bell or horn is made of titanium or a titanium alloy, if necessary coated with at least one hard layer and optionally anodically or by heat treatment in color or hardness.

Fig. 11 shows a chinrest screw 75 for stringed instruments, in particular violins, violins or violas. Chinrest screws are used to attach the chinrest 1 to the instrument, so that the player with a wooden plate, the chinrest 1, can hold the instrument more easily without damaging the vibrations of the instrument's ceiling.

A chinrest screw comprises a curved threaded pin 76 with two right-hand threads, a lock 77 with a right-hand thread 78, a left-hand thread 79 and at least one transverse bore or cross-bores 80 and a foot 81 with a left-hand thread 79 and an exemption 82 for the bottom edge. To protect the instrument, the foot 81 and the chin rest 83 are covered with cork 84.

Instead of the conventional materials made of brass or steel, which are at most nickel-plated or gold-plated, titanium or titanium alloys are used at best coated with hard coatings. This results in improvements in terms of wear, on the allergy behavior as well as the transmission of pulses, oscillations and overtones.

Furthermore, the chinrest screws according to the invention have only three radial Schlösschenbohrungen and not four as the conventional, thus damaging the frames during assembly and disassembly is avoided. Furthermore, the internal threads, i. The left-hand thread and the right-hand thread are concealed by an initial release of the thread in the castle and prevent the hair from catching the musicians.

FIG. 12 shows a plectrum 90 for plucked instruments, which is constructed from titanium or a titanium alloy according to the invention and is at most coated with hard layers. By anodizing or thermal treatment, the Plektrum can be designed in terms of color or strength by curing.

The plectrum 90 is an approximately triangular flat part whose edges 91 are chamfered or rounded. In the center, the plectrum carries a handle portion 92, the on attached to both sides. This can be milled, embossed or cast. The plectrum 90 is made in different thicknesses, depending on the type of play and tone.

Fig. 13 shows a mechanism for plucked instruments or stringed instruments, especially double basses. At least the shaft of the mechanism is constructed of titanium or a titanium alloy according to the invention, possibly coated with hard layers. Advantageously, the entire mechanism consists of titanium, the titanium alloys specified according to the invention, if necessary with hard layers, and cured with thermal treatment.

Such mechanisms can each be designed or used for a single string or for several strings. A mechanism represents a device on the pegbox of a plucking or stringed instrument, in particular double bass, which is usually permanently mounted on the instrument and is used for tensioning and tuning of the strings mostly via a worm gear. Such a mechanism 95 generally has a base plate 1, a shaft 2 with a string hole 6, a worm drive 3 with a wing grip 4 and a worm wheel 5. At least the shaft and advantageously at least one further part, are made of titanium or of titanium alloys according to the invention or at best with hard layers, and optionally thermally treated.

14 shows a trombone train 105, which is formed from titanium or a titanium alloy specified according to the invention, possibly coated with at least one hard layer, and optionally thermally treated. Apart from the already mentioned advantages in terms of a better vibration transmission, a more brilliant sound, a non-damping of pulses and harmonics and a lighter response of the instrument, it is possible here, the speed of extension and retraction and thus the speed of the sound change by the lower Increase density of the material used and at the same time to improve the wear resistance against kinking of the train. By at least one intended hard layer is a reduction in the coefficient of friction and a more accurate and permanent run of the train. At the same time, the wall thicknesses can be reduced since titanium or the titanium alloys used according to the invention are substantially stronger and more stable than the brass alloys or similar alloys used hitherto. It is essential to the invention that the barrel or the tubes forming the barrel and optionally the bar are made entirely of titanium or of an alloy according to the invention. At best, these components are provided on the surface with the hard coatings TiN, WC / C, CrC, CrN, wherein, as in the other according to the invention formed parts at least one layer is provided or possibly even more layers are formed one above the other.

The connection of the train 105 configured in this way with the other components of the trombone or with further tube parts 100 is possible by laser welding or soldering.

FIG. 15 schematically shows the construction of a vibraphone or metal-halo 110. According to the invention, a vibraphone or metallofon has platelets of titanium or of the specified titanium alloys, in particular in combination with at least one hard layer. Even with very high tones, an inventive plate reaches a soothing sound.

The oscillation period of such a wafer 111 can be extended by inserting heavy metal parts 112, in particular tungsten and / or iridium, and / or alloys of these metals at the two ends of the wafer. The support or a clamping of the plate 111 with grooves 113 formed in it on both nodes with clamping parts 114, as shown on the left in FIG. 15, offers the advantage that either the unstressed or the tensioned plate oscillates.

Tongues for accordions, accordions or harmonicas of all kinds can be made of titanium, especially titanium grade 5, in particular the specified titanium alloys, possibly provided with hard coatings of the specified type, which results in a much better sound quality for the reasons already given. Above all, there is a precision and sharpness of the Tonzunge and thus a quick response; when playing quietly, you do not have to do without the overtone wealth. Due to the low modulus of elasticity, the harmonica sounds longer.

The same applies to the tonal tongues used for music boxes or similar instruments, in which the sound tongues produced so far from brass alloys can be replaced by reeds of the type according to the invention. At the same time a tongue fracture is virtually eliminated by the inventive design of such tints.

Blades for woodwind instruments of all kinds, especially for saxophones, oboes can be made of titanium, in particular titanium grade 5 or the specified alloys, if necessary with hard coatings. The wear resistance of such leaves is increased; the precision and sharpness of the tone tongue and thus a quick response and the possibility of a quiet playing, without being rich in overtones to have to do without, are thus achievable. At the same time, the material used is inert and resistant to abrasion and does not cause allergies. Furthermore, the usual reeds change their vibration behavior due to moisture, in particular saliva and breathing air. The leaves according to the invention are resistant to tube leaves against moisture and corrosion. The leaves according to the invention are much sharper at the cutting edge than tube sheets, and the carving of the tube sheets is eliminated.

16 schematically shows a web support 120. Such web supports 120 are placed on a web 121 or inserted into it. The web supports 120 are intended for stringed instruments of all kinds to prevent sinking of the strings on the webs. Inventive web supports occur instead of plastic tubes, parchment strips or wood inserts that are placed over the bridge to just prevent the sinking of the strings.

An inventive web has web supports made of titanium or the specified titanium alloys, optionally coated with hard coatings.

In the inventive design of the web supports or a web the sinking of a string is prevented and thus on the one hand allows the free swinging of the string and on the other hand, the distance of the string to the fingerboard not reduced.

16 shows the web 121 of a cello and a web rest 120 designed according to the invention both in the front view and in the oblique view. A web support 120 according to the invention may be stamped from a thin sheet and then bent in a mold to form the string gutter 122. Such a web support 120 can be glued onto the web 121, in particular glued with bone glue. In principle, it is also possible to produce such web supports 120 by mechanical processing of metal pieces.

Fig. 17a shows schematically a damper 125 for stringed instruments. Such dampers 125 are placed during play on the web 126 of the string instrument. The inventive design of such damper the advantages already described for the parts described above are achieved.

According to FIG. 17 a, a play damper 125 and according to FIG. 17 b a practice damper with a heavy metal insert 128, in particular made of tungsten and / or iridum and / or an alloy of these metals, are placed on a cello bar 126.

Such a play damper or practice damper 127, ie without or with a weighting insert 128, sits tight in particular due to the low modulus of elasticity of the metals used and is not easily solved by vibrations.

Bogenbewicklungen (not shown) for bowing can be formed in the manner according to the invention; instead of solid wires made of nickel silver, silver or gold, wires or ribbons made of titanium or titanium grade 5 or the corresponding alloys are used on the bow bar if necessary in combination with hard coatings to protect the rod and for secure holding. In particular, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the skin compatibility of these materials comes into play here. The Bogenbewicklung, in particular the wire, can be round or semi-oval or flat rolled or plait rolled or rolled. Due to the low density of the materials used, the balance of the bow is positively influenced.

Organ pipes (not shown) are made according to the invention from the indicated materials, i. Titanium or titanium alloys, possibly coated with at least one hard layer, produced, which corrosion resistance is given, as well as in contrast to conventional consisting of soft materials pipes stability of the pitch is guaranteed.

Fig. 18 shows a head plate 130 for spreadsheets. Typically, top plate 130 is made of nickel silver, silver, gold, ivory, mammoth or plastic and mounted on the bow head 131 for head protection and balance. Since these materials are soft or brittle, the head plates must be made over again. In addition, the vibrations of the bow bar 132 are damped. The production and use of sheet head plates made of titanium or a titanium alloy such as titanium grade 5 or the material numbers 3.7165 or 3.7164 (TiAl6V4), optionally in combination with a PVD coating of TiN, WC / C, CrC and / or CrN and the Possibilities of anodization and thermal treatment, achieved in addition to all the benefits of titanium or titanium alloys a much better vibration behavior of the bow bar 132, better playability, a brilliant tone and a longer life of the bow.

The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the titanium or titanium alloy bow head plate 131 is almost unlimited. Additionally, the material and coatings are inert and abrasion resistant.

Due to the low density, the balance of the arch will also be positively influenced133 4 and subjected to very high loads against which titanium or titanium alloys offer sufficient resistance. The axial reflection of the rod is favored by the high strength and sound conductivity of titanium, without becoming too heavy in the head area.

A tailpiece 135, as shown schematically in Fig. 19, is usually subject to rapid wear and causes significant damping of the vibrations and overtones. According to the invention, the parts of such tailpieces, in particular for stringed instruments, with integrated fine tuners are at least partially made of titanium or the alloys specified according to the invention, if necessary provided with hard coatings. Advantageously, these parts are produced by machining. However, the proposed socket 136 is in particular made of cold-drawn bearing bronze. The tailpiece 135 is advantageously made of ebony, boxwood or rosewood. This has two holes per string, the larger bore the lever 137 with the lever bushing 138 and the hinge pin 139 receives. The lever 137 is characterized by a string slot 140 and a guide boat 141. The smaller bore receives in a sleeve 142 made of titanium or an alloy according to the invention, which are or at best provided with hard coatings, pressed bearing bronze with internal thread, which in turn carries the adjusting screw 143. In a tailpiece up to eight holes are drilled, in which then the inventively designed bushings or sleeves 142 are pressed. Thus, at least the sockets, possibly also the parts 135 and / or 143 and optionally the parts 144 and 137, are made of titanium or the titanium alloys according to the invention.

Fig. 20 shows a thumb or finger ring 145, especially for plucked instruments. Such rings are used for plucking or striking the strings. In the inventive production of such rings of titanium or titanium alloys according to the invention, possibly coated with hard coatings of the type specified, there is a better vibration transmission to the strings and a brilliant tone and a much longer oscillation period of the strings. The overtones and thus the transparency of the sound images are favorably influenced. Such rings are resistant to wear and corrosion and inert and resistant to abrasion.

Fig. 21 shows a bottleneck 146 for plucked instruments. Such a bottleneck is constructed in the same way as the previously described rings; The materials used and the intended inventive structure bring about substantially the same advantages.

Fig. 22 shows a frog 150 and legs for bow. Usually, the web 151, the frog ring 152, a gusset 153 and leg rings 154 are made Nickel silver, silver or gold made and mounted on the frog and the leg and subsequently on the bow. Since these materials are soft and vibration-damping, these particles, in particular at least one or more of these particles of titanium or a titanium alloy provided according to the invention, are at best coated with at least one hard layer. It results in a much better vibration behavior of the bow bar and thus better playability and a brilliant tone and a longer life of the frog and the little leg. Due to the low density of the materials used, the balance of the sheet is positively influenced.

The frog ring is the hair, as the hair is used with a wedge in the ring, exposed to very high loads; this offers titanium or the titanium alloys used a sufficiently large resistance. The axial reflection of the bow bar is favored by the high strength and the sound conductivity of titanium or of the alloys used, without becoming too heavy in the frog area.

Fig. 23 shows a bell 160, such as may be provided for example for a glockenspiel or suspended from the framework of a carillon. However, such bells may also be used for other purposes, e.g. used as church bells. Bells are approximately rotationally symmetric workpieces 161 which are actuated by a pivot 162 which is beaten against the inner or outer surface of the bell 160. The bell 160 is suspended by means of ropes at the yoke. The ropes are threaded through the crown 163. In bells 160, the pivot 162 and / or the bell are pivoted with various devices to trigger the sound when colliding with the impact ring 164, causing the bell to vibrate.

According to the invention, the bell 160 and / or the pivot 162 are made of titanium or of a titanium alloy provided according to the invention, possibly coated with at least one hard layer. A heat treatment may be provided as with all other parts previously described. Apart from the ease of such a bell 160, it can be easily vibrated and has a brilliant overtone-rich tone. The duration of the ringing or the Nachklingens can be extended twice or increases the volume of the bell considerably. The risk of breakage is significantly lower in the titanium alloy or titanium used than in the commonly used bronze or brass.

Fig. 24 shows a bowing screw 170 for spreadsheets. Such bowed screws consist of a round metal rod having a square 171 at one end to receive the button or leg. One opposite thinner end serves as a bearing pin 172. The bowing screw 170 has a tread 173 and in the middle a thread 174 on which a mother runs. The thread is a metric or imperial thread. The two treads 173 are slightly conical in shape; also the bearing pin 172 is conically shaped. This results in an optimal vibration transmission. When using a trapezoidal thread 174 or a round thread, the life of the sheet is increased and the sheet can be tightened with less effort, since the flank only 30 ° and not 60 ° as with metric threads or 55 ° in imperial threads. Furthermore, the flank friction is decidedly lower with a thread of 30 ° or less than with steeper flanks.

Instead of titanium and titanium alloys are used as materials for the bowed screw Wolfram and / or Iridum or alloys of these metals possibly also Platiniridumlegierungen. The reason for this is that the end of the bow bar axially receives the screw and the high density of the screw (from about 17.5 to 22.65 kg / dm ³ ) allows a much more intense axial flexion of the bow bar than if it were less weighted would. In addition, the balance of a slight bow, in particular, antique French bow, can be easily changed and adjusted by swapping the screw. If the heavy metal alloy of the screw has a corresponding sound conductivity and hardness, the overtones are not attenuated and the bow has a richer and louder sound and the gripping of the bow hair and thus the playability and slightly fluttering bows can be offered to the user improved. By one or more superimposed layers, such as TiN, WC / C, CrC, CrN; the vibration behavior of the bow screw is influenced by a good audible effect. These layers are applied to the screw by PVD techniques and significantly reduce the coefficient of friction, resulting in a longer nut life.

Fig. 25 shows a bassoon bow S-175, which according to the invention of titanium, in particular titanium grade 5 or from a specified titanium alloy, optionally with at least one of the cited hard coatings, in particular by PVD coating produced hard coatings, provided and that at best anodized and / or thermally treated to optimize the hardness or Young's modulus. Such a bassoon tube 175 has a high wear resistance and corrosion resistance; this bassoon tube 175 is inert and abrasion-resistant or shows a brilliant tone. In addition, the low density of the alloys used and the allergenic behavior of these alloys has a positive effect.

A tuning fork 176 according to the invention, as shown for example in FIG. 26, is made from the same materials as the bassoon tube described above. In the same way, the treatment of the given materials or alloys can be carried out. In addition to the advantages already described, the sound can be heard better and longer through the overtone wealth of the tuning fork. It applies to tuning forks in all frequency ranges with or without sound box.

The pitch pipes 177, shown schematically in FIG. 27, are also made of the same materials as the bassoon tubes and the tuning forks, respectively, and subjected to respective treatments as described above. In addition to the advantages already described, the vibration behavior of the pitchpipe is pleasantly audibly influenced. This is especially true for pitch pipes in all frequency ranges, both for individual pitch pipes as well as for stringing together several pitch pipes.

Fig. 28 shows a sting 180 for cello and double bass. A spike 1 is a substantially rotationally symmetrical rotary member made of wood or plastic with a lockable metal rod, which supports the cello or the double bass while playing and at the same time receives the handle string in a groove.

The barbed bulb is inserted into a conical hole in the cradle of a cello or a double bass, and then with the handle string, the tailpiece and the strings to produce the tension of the strings on an instrument. At present, all the bells (Fig. 28) for cellos and double basses are produced and sold so that there is a collar or wreath 182 at the end of the conical shaft 181 of the pear.

Unlike the conventional spikes (FIG. 28 and section FIG. 28), the invention is based thereon (FIG. 29 and section FIGS. 29 and 30) to omit the collar or whip 182 altogether and directly after the conical shaft 182 to place the round groove 183 for the handle string.

Normally, the rod 184 of the spike is inserted into a cylindrical hole and bolted with the wing lock screw 185 having the mating thread in the ring 186.

In the invention, the bulb receives the rod 184 in a cone 187. This results in a uniform, regardless of moisture or dryness solid fit of the rod, which may be kinked (Fig. 30) and transmits the vibrations much better. In addition, the sliding of the bar is completely excluded under a load.

The rod 4 is also held by a wing locking screw 185, which presses on a small, milled on the cone surface 188. The invention has the disadvantage of the conventional spines that the rod is no longer retractable in the instrument and thus height adjustable in the bulb, but the sonic success is incomparably better.

The height adjustment takes place at the tip of the rod by screwing or unscrewing the tip, which is clamped by a slotted collet 189 and a union nut 190.

In addition, the exchange of the material wood or plastic for the barbell, the rod, the ring and the locking screw in titanium or a titanium alloy of tonal advantages because of the vibration resistance and the density of the material.

When titanium or a titanium alloy is used for one or more parts of a spike, it is possible to coat titanium nitride, tungsten carbide carbon, chromium carbide or chromium nitride on a case by case basis to differentiate the sound.

In the case of the barbed bulb according to the invention (FIG. 29), the distance "x" from the middle of the handlebar to the ribs 191 (section FIG. 29) is substantially smaller and allows the pear to be rubbed in such a way that the handle string passing over the lower saddle into the peg Tailpiece leads, parallel to the frames 191 runs.

The omission of the collar 182 has two distinct advantages; firstly, it is only possible without a collar to firmly support the conical shaft 181 of the barbed pear if insertion is not constrained by the collar, and secondly, only with no collar is the parallelism of the handle string with the frames possible. The tight fit of the tapered shank 181 is essential for better vibration transmission and support, and the parallelism of the handle string with the frames ensures that the ceiling of the instrument is not over-compressed and the bottom of the instrument is not over-tightened.

Especially with antique cellos and double basses of course, the protruding bottom edge and ceiling edge is used up by the use and requires to reduce the distance "x".

This results in a much more free-swinging instrument, with a larger and more harmonious tone. Likewise, the instrument is easier to play through a lighter touch.

In addition, the entire instrument, in particular the floor and the ceiling deform much less over time.

Figs. 31 and 32 show a knob 200 for violin and viola. The button 200 is inserted into a conical hole 201 in the lower block 201 of a violin or viola, to then produce the tension of the strings on an instrument with the handle string, the tailpiece and the strings.

Currently, all violin and viola buttons (Figure 31) are produced and sold such that a collar or wreath 204 is at the end of the conical shaft.

The button 200 is also provided with a ball 205 for decoration. Unlike the conventional buttons (FIG. 31), the invention is based on omitting the collar or whip 204 altogether and placing the round groove 207 for the hanger string 203 directly after the conical shaft 206.

In addition, swapping the material wood or plastic for the button in titanium or a titanium alloy is of tonal advantages because of the vibration resistance and density of the material. When using titanium or a titanium alloy, titanium nitride, tungsten carbide carbon, chromium carbide, or chromium nitride can be coated on a case by case basis to differentiate the sound.

In the case of the button according to the invention (Fig. 32), the distance "x" from the middle of the handlebar to the frames 208 (section Fig. 32) is much smaller and allows the knob to be rubbed in so that the handle string 203 passing over the lower saddle in Figs leads the tailpiece, parallel to the frames 208 runs.

The omission of the collar 204 has two distinct advantages; firstly, it is only possible without a collar to give the conical shaft of the button a real grip, if the insertion is not limited by the collar 204, and secondly only without collar 204 is the parallelism of the collar Handle string 203 with the frames possible.

The tight fit of the tapered shank 206 is necessary for better vibration transmission and support and the parallelism of the handle string 203 with the frames 208 ensures that the ceiling of the instrument is not over-compressed and the bottom of the instrument is not over-tightened.

Especially with antique violins and violas, the protruding bottom edge and ceiling edge is of course used up by the use and requires to reduce the distance "x".

This results in a much more free-swinging instrument, with a larger and more harmonious tone. Likewise, the instrument is easier to play through a lighter touch.

In addition, the entire instrument, in particular the floor and the ceiling deform much less over time.

A valve 210 according to the invention for brass instruments according to FIGS. 33, 34 and 35 consists of titanium, in particular titanium grade 5, possibly of the Titanium alloys specified according to the invention, in particular in combination with coatings, in particular coatings produced by the PVD process of TiN, WC, CrC and / or CrN. Furthermore, a coloring by anodizing or thermal treatment or curing of the alloys is possible. With a valve 210 designed according to the invention, a better vibration transmission, a more brilliant sound is achieved, as well as an attenuation of the pulses and overtones is reduced, whereby a lighter response of the instrument is made possible. At the same time there is the possibility to increase the speed of the sound change, whereby the wear resistance of the valve is improved. By thermal treatment and the associated hardening and the possibility of grinding the fits of the mating parts or the workpiece and the drastic reduction of the coefficient of friction through the hard coatings, a more accurate and permanent running of the valves is achieved. It is also possible to change the valve design, as the alloys used or titanium is much stronger and more stable than brass alloys, which also results in a weight reduction to about one third of the original mass, which in turn allows a faster tone change. In a valve, especially the rotary part and / or the valve flap and / or the guide are designed according to the invention.

In general, the material used or the coatings are inert and abrasion resistant. The hard coatings not only contribute to increase the strength and durability, but also affect the vibration behavior of the material audible and pleasant. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of the materials used, a pleasant game is possible even in cold or outdoors. It is also possible to influence unwanted vibrations on the cap with material combinations such as tungsten and / or iridium and / or alloys of these metals by appropriate application. In particular, for valves 210 and trombone trays and in general it is important to avoid using Titanium Grade 5 on all surfaces where titanium rubs on titanium or rubbing through coating or mating with spring-loaded bearing bronze and not through grease as the grease Would dampen vibration transmission. Also gluing is to be avoided.

The valve 210 according to the invention can be used for all types of valves or valve engines, regardless of whether it is a slide valve (FIGS. 33 and 34) or a rotary valve (FIG. 35), etc.

In Fig. 33, the cap 211, the piston 212 with the holes, the closure part 213, the spring guide 214, the spring 215, the outer tube 216, and the Spacer 212 can be seen. Fig. 35 shows the rotating parts 218 and 219 in more detail. Especially the parts 218 and 219 are designed according to the invention.

Commercially available stringed stringers 222 are made of wood and shown in Fig. 36 in a bottom view and in section A-A. They usually have four through holes 223 and four through slots 224, so you can hang the string 225 with the string ball 226 and tension.

As a result, the string 225 is bent over the small diameter 227 and at the edge 228.

The invention is based on the fact that in the tailpiece (FIG. 37 view from below and section BB and FIG. 38 view from above) the string 225 with the string ball 226, preferably made of titanium or titanium alloy, into a blindlock 229 with a conical groove 230 is hung.

As a result, the string is not kinked twice unnecessarily, but runs directly from the abutment of the string ball to the bridge.

When conical groove 230 is to make sure that the string is exposed, otherwise they can rattle.

The wood used is ebony, boxwood or rosewood.

If a fine tuner is required on one or more strings, the blind hole should be pierced and a fine tuner, preferably made of titanium or titanium alloy, should be used.

The playability and the sound quality are audibly improved, since the oscillating property of the ball and the string is not hindered, but is transmitted directly to the ceiling via the bridge.

Commercially available bridge saddles and calipers for plucked instruments are made of ebony, bone, ivory or plastic.

39, and the neck caliper 236 shown in FIG. 40 is made of titanium or a titanium alloy such as titanium grade 5 with the material number 3.7165 or 3.7164 (TiAl6V4) in combination with a coating by PVD method of TiN , WC / C, CrC, CrN and the possibilities of anodizing and the thermal treatment, one has besides all the advantages of titanium or a titanium alloy a much better vibration behavior of the saddles and thus a much longer oscillation time and a brilliant sound.

The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of 235, 236 titanium or titanium alloy saddles is almost unlimited. Additionally, the material and coatings are inert and abrasion resistant. By one or more superimposed Layers such as TiN, WC / C, CrC, CrN, the vibration behavior of the saddles is well audibly pleasant influenced.

Due to the overtone wealth of the titanium saddles, the sound is better and the good vibration behavior makes the sound longer audible.

Likewise, it is possible to manufacture the saddles made of quartz glass (silicon oxide, SiO 2) since, similar to titanium grade 5, a long-lasting oscillation with a very low damping effect is present.

Both titanium or a titanium alloy as well as quartz glass are very polishable, which brings in the string grooves 237 a high surface quality and associated long life of the string with it.

The playability and the sound quality are audibly improved, since the vibrating property of the string is not hindered, but is transmitted directly to the instrument via the bridge and neck.

A commercial wooden bridge 240 for plucked instruments, which is shown in Fig. 41 in top view and section AA is provided with six of the required number of strings continuous horizontal holes 241 so that you can hang the string 242 with the string ball 243 and tension , The string 242 may also be knotted. Characterized the string 242 is kinked at the edge 244 at the end of the horizontal bore 241.

The invention is based on the fact that in the web 240 according to FIG. 42, which is shown in top view and section BB, the part 245, the string 242 with the string ball 243 made of titanium or a titanium alloy suspended in a slanted, larger hole 246 becomes.

As a result, the string 242 is not unnecessarily kinked, but runs directly from the abutment, the string ball or the knot, to the saddle 247th

In the oblique, larger bore 246 is to make sure that the string 242 is exposed, otherwise they can rattle.

The wood used is ebony, maple or rosewood. The playability and the sound quality are audibly improved, since the oscillating property of the ball 243 and the string 242 is not hindered, but is transmitted directly via the web 247 and the bridge saddle on the ceiling.

Claims (36)

1. Accessory or component or actuating parts for or of musical instruments, wherein said parts are formed at least partially, preferably entirely, from titanium or a titanium alloy GRADE 5, preferably TiAl6V4, or from a titanium alloy of material number 3.7165 or 3.7164, characterized in that the titanium and the titanium alloy, respectively, are provided in a cast, forged or sintered form and that the parts are coated with at least one hard layer made of WC/C (tungsten carbide carbon) and/or WC and/or CrC (chromium carbide) and/or CrN (chromium nitride), which preferably are deposited or applied, respectively, in the course of a physical application process, in particular a PVD process, and/or that a hard layer made of titanium nitride is formed on or applied to the parts.
2. Parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, for colouring, the surfaces of the parts are electroplated and/or coated with platinum, gold or rhodium or anodized, respectively.
3. Parts according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the parts are subjected to a thermal treatment or are hardened thermally, respectively.
4. Parts according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the parts are formed by machining.
5. Parts according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the titanium and the titanium alloy, respectively, have a density of about 4.42 g/cm² and a tensile strength of at least 820 N/mm².
6. Parts according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the accessory and component and actuating parts, respectively, are at least one of the following parts:

   a fine tuner for string instruments, in particular the

   screw connection part and/or knurled nut and/or lever and/or knurled screw and/or microscrew thereof,

   a string ball,

   a tailpiece fastener and/or a fixing part for a tailpiece fastener,

   a wolf eliminator, in particular the screw sleeves thereof,

   a peg, preferably a peg for string instruments, in particular a peg shaft,

   a tuning peg, in particular for keyboard instruments, harp, zither, dulcimer and raffele,

   a mouthpiece for brass instruments,

   a bridge pin, in particular for keyboard instruments,

   a string for string instruments,

   a fret, in particular for plucked instruments,

   a sound piece for brass instruments and a bell mouth, respectively, for hooters, signal-horns or horns,

   a chin holder screw, in particular for violin and viola,

   a plectrum, in particular for plucked instruments,

   a mechanism for plucked instruments, in particular contrabasses,

   a trombone slide,

   a valve for brass instruments,

   a lamina, in particular for vibraphone or metallophone,

   a tongue for harmonicas, in particular accordions and mouth organs, and for musical clocks, automatic pianos, respectively,

   a sheet or tone sheet, respectively, preferably for woodwind instruments or saxophone,

   a bridge support, in particular for string instruments,

   a mute for string instruments,

   a bow winding for a string bow,

   an organ pipe,

   a face for a string bow,

   a tailpiece or tailpiece sleeve, respectively,

   a thumb ring,

   a bottleneck, in particular for plucked instruments,

   a frog and/or a button for a string bow as well as a frog, a ring, a gusset or a button ring,

   a bell,

   a bassoon tube,

   a tuning fork,

   a tuning pipe,

   an endpin for string instruments,

   a button for string instruments,

   a bridge for plucked instruments,

   a saddle for plucked instruments,

   a tailpiece for string instruments,

   valves for wind instruments.
7. A wolf eliminator for string instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that pure iridium or pure tantalum is used as a material for the collet chuck (26).
8. A peg for string instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least the peg shaft (31) is formed from titanium or a titanium alloy, respectively, wherein the shaft is optionally connected or glued, respectively, to a wooden peg (30).
9. A peg for string instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6 or 8, characterized in that the shaft (31) is thinned between the pegbox walls (33).
10. A peg for string instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6, 8 or 9, characterized in that fine threads (34) are formed on the bearing surfaces of the peg.
11. A peg for string instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6 or 8 to 10, characterized in that two overlapping threads (34), in particular a right-hand and a left-hand thread, are formed in the area of the bonding sites between the metallic peg shaft (31) and the wooden cap (30) placed onto the same.
12. A tuning peg for keyboard instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the peg shaft (31) exhibits a multi-start fine thread.
13. A mouthpiece for brass instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mouthpiece (60), in particular in the area of the heart and the soul (63, 64), has a ring (67) made of iridium, tantalum or tungsten or alloys thereof, which ring has been inserted, in particular hot-pressed, or attached or in particular wound on in the hot state.
14. A fret for plucked instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fret (50) comprises retaining teeth (54, 55) in the shaft area (53).
15. A tuning peg for keyboard instruments, harps, zithers, dulcimer and raffele according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tuning peg comprises a rolled or milled thread (43) for insertion in the instrument.
16. A chin holder screw for string instruments, in particular violins, violas or the like according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inside thread part (77) has three radial bores (80).
17. A chin holder screw according to any of claims 1 to 6 or 16, characterized in that the foot (81) is released in order to protect the edge.
18. A chin holder screw according to any of claims 1 to 6, 16 or 17, characterized in that the internal threads, i.e. the left-hand thread and the right-hand thread, are covered by an initial clearance of the thread (78) in the inside thread part (77).
19. A mute for string instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in particular for the design of a practice mute, the mute (125) carries at least one insert made of a heavy metal (128), preferably tungsten or iridium or an alloy of said metals.
20. An endpin for cello and contrabass according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material used is titanium or a titanium alloy at least for the individual parts of the endpin (180), preferably for the entire endpin.
21. An endpin for cello and contrabass according to claim 20, characterized in that the wooden endpin part is designed without a collar or small ring.
22. An endpin for cello and contrabass according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the conical shaft (181) of the wooden part is designed without a limitation or collar or small ring, respectively.
23. An endpin for cello and contrabass according to one or several of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the conical shaft (181) of the rod (184) is received in the wooden part.
24. An endpin for cello and contrabass according to one or several of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the adjustable tip is clamped by means of a collet chuck (189) and a spigot nut (190).
25. An endpin for cello and contrabass according to one or several of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that the endpin (180) or parts thereof is/are coated with titanium nitride, with tungsten carbide carbon, with chromium carbide and/or with chromium nitride, in particular according to the PVD process.
26. An endpin for cello and contrabass according to one or several of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the endpin (180) comprises a bent or folded rod (184), respectively.
27. An endpin for cello and contrabass according to one or several of claims 20 to 26, characterized in that the groove (183) for the tailpiece fastener (203) is formed as a recess directly adjacent to the shaft (181).
28. A button for violin and viola according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material used in particular for the entire button (200) is titanium or a titanium alloy.
29. A button for violin and viola according to claim 28, characterized in that the button (200) is designed without a collar or small ring.
30. A button for violin and viola according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the conical shaft (206) is designed without a limitation or collar and small ring, respectively.
31. A button for violin and viola according to any of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the button (200) is coated with titanium nitride, with tungsten carbide carbon, with chromium carbide and/or with chromium nitride, in particular according to the PVD process.
32. A button for violin and viola according to one or several of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the groove (207) for the tailpiece fastener (203) is formed as a recess directly adjacent to the shaft (206).
33. A valve for brass instruments according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the components, namely cap (211), piston (212), closure part (213), spring guide (214), spring (215), outer tube (216), spacer (217) and/or pivoted parts (218, 219), is formed from titanium or a titanium alloy, preferably TiAl 6V4.
34. A valve according to claim 33, characterized in that the components are coated with titanium nitride or tungsten carbide carbon or chromium carbide or chromium nitride and/or electroplated or heat-treated.
35. A tailpiece according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in order to fix the string (225) with a string ball (226), a blind hole (229), in particular with a conical groove (230), is formed in the tailpiece, into which blind hole the string ball (226) can be hooked.
36. A bridge according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in order to fix the string (242) with the string ball (243), a sloping hole (246) is formed in the bridge (240), which hole is directed in particular toward the upper edge of the saddle (247) and whose discharge opening, respectively, is located on the level of the saddle (247).

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