EP1620870A4 - Dispositif photoelectrochimique - Google Patents

Dispositif photoelectrochimique

Info

Publication number
EP1620870A4
EP1620870A4 EP04731114A EP04731114A EP1620870A4 EP 1620870 A4 EP1620870 A4 EP 1620870A4 EP 04731114 A EP04731114 A EP 04731114A EP 04731114 A EP04731114 A EP 04731114A EP 1620870 A4 EP1620870 A4 EP 1620870A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metallic
pec
counter electrode
substrates
pec device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP04731114A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1620870A1 (fr
Inventor
Gavin Edmund Tulloch
Igor Lvovich Skryabin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dyesol Industries Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Sustainable Technologies International Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sustainable Technologies International Pty Ltd filed Critical Sustainable Technologies International Pty Ltd
Publication of EP1620870A1 publication Critical patent/EP1620870A1/fr
Publication of EP1620870A4 publication Critical patent/EP1620870A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
    • H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
    • H01G9/2081—Serial interconnection of cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photovoltaic (PV) devices and more particularly, but not exclusively, to photoelectrochemical photovoltaic devices.
  • this invention relates to methods of manufacturing such devices.
  • photovoltaic devices are available for conversion of energy of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy. These include a conventional solid- state devices (see M. Green Third generation photovoltaics: concepts for high ef- ficiency at low cost, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings, Vol. 2001 -10, p. 3- 18) and more recently developed photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices
  • Photoelectrochemical devices are capable of being fabricated in a laminate arrangement between two large area substrates.
  • One typical arrangement involves two glass substrates, each utilising an electrically conducting coating upon the internal surface of the substrate. At least one of said first and second substrates is substantially transparent to visible light, as is the attached transparent electrically conducting (TEC) coating.
  • PEC cells contain a working electrode, typically comprising a dye-sensitised, nanoporous semiconducting oxide (e.g. titanium dioxide known as titania) layer attached to one conductive coating, and a counter electrode, typically comprising a redox electrocatalyst layer attached to the other conductive coating.
  • An electrolyte containing a redox mediator is located between the photoanode and cathode, and the electrolyte is sealed from the environment.
  • the TEC coatings which usually comprise a metal ox- ide(s)
  • the photoelectrochemical cells are connected in series, internally within a single module.
  • Metallic conductors are used for such interconnection.
  • choice of metallic conductors is limited to platinum and similar metals, titanium and tungsten because of chemical interactions with the typical iodide containing electrolyte of a photoelectrochemical cell.
  • the invention provides for using layers of electrically conductive but chemically inert materials (e.g. diamond and electrically conducting nitrides and carbides) layers to conduct electrical current inside photoelectrochemical cell while protecting metallic components of the photoelectrochemical cell. It has been discovered that thin layers of these materials provide sufficient conductivity to electrically connect highly conductive metallic components, at the same time these materials are chemically inert towards electrolytes utilised in PEC.
  • the electrical conductivity of the protecting layer can be modified by variation of composition or thickness so that the layer can be opti- mised for different applications (e.g. light conditions).
  • the protective layers could be deposited using any known technology for their formation (e.g. arc deposition, sol-gel, sputtering, CVD, etc.).
  • the layer is required to be sufficiently electrically conductive to enable viable electrical output while being chemically inert toward components of the photoelectrochemical cell.
  • the invention also provides for these layers being formed directly on substrate (glass, polymeric materials) without an intermediate metallic component, when requirement for electrical conduc- tance are not high (e.g. - for low light conditions or small cell size).
  • This invention is based on realisation that some materials such as titanium nitride form pinhole free strongly bound coatings that protect metallic conductors and, at the same time, provide electrical conductivity sufficient for successful operation of PEC device.
  • Some materials such as titanium nitride form pinhole free strongly bound coatings that protect metallic conductors and, at the same time, provide electrical conductivity sufficient for successful operation of PEC device.
  • Our experiments demonstrated that although unprotected 316 stainless steel substrate corrodes within several days of operation at room temperature, causing irreversible damage to electrolyte of the PEC device, a thin and dense layer of TiN coating deposited on the same substrate ensures many months of successful operations at 75 °C. Further analysis demonstrated that certain non-metallic materials satisfy requirements of corrosion protection and electrical conductivity by way of a several micron thick film.
  • Still preferred materials for the purpose of this invention are: titanium nitride (TiN), zirconium nitride and boron carbide.
  • Further preferred materials include suicides of niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten or vanadium.
  • a TiN layer is deposited on metal foil or plate (e.g. stainless steel foil), thus protecting the foil from electrolyte of the cell.
  • the foil or plate serves as a substrate for either working or counter electrode of the photoelectrochemical cell.
  • a TiN layer is deposited on metallic mesh, used to conduct electrical current generated locally inside a cell to the external terminals.
  • the mesh could be used in either or both working or/and counter electrodes of a photoelectrochemical cell.
  • a TiN layer is deposited on metallic conductor used to interconnect photoelectrochemical cells in a series connected module.
  • metallic conductor used to interconnect photoelectrochemical cells in a series connected module.
  • both the working electrode and the counter electrode are divided each into electrically isolated portions, and the said metallic conductor connects at least one portion of the working electrode to a portion of the counter electrode
  • Figure 1 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a PEC device formed in accordance with one example of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged cross sectional of a PEC device formed in accordance with another example of the invention
  • Figure 3a is an enlarged cross sectional of a PEC device formed in accordance with further example of the invention
  • Figure 3b is a diagrammatic representation of protected stainless steel mesh utilized in the previous example of the invention.
  • the working electrode substrate comprises Stainless Steel foil 1 protected by TiN coating 2.
  • Working electrode 3 (dye sensitised Ti0 2 ) formed on TiN coating (3 microns thick, filtered plasma deposition).
  • the counter electrode 5 (thin dispersed Pt catalytic layer) of the device is formed on transpar- ent electrically conductive substrate 6 (polymeric film coated by TEC). Electrolyte 4 is placed between the two electrodes.
  • the device is sealed by silicone based sealant 7. This device is to be illuminated from the counter electrode side.
  • a stainless steel foil 1 protected by TiN coating 2 supports counter electrode 5 of a PEC device.
  • the working electrode is supported by a transparent electrically conductive substrate 6, to which a stainless steel mesh 8 coated by TiN 2 is attached.
  • the said stainless steel mesh enhances electrical connection to a working electrode 3 (dye sensitised Ti0 2 ).
  • the device is sealed by silicone based sealant 7. This device is to be illuminated from the working electrode side.
  • the stainless steel mesh 8 (50 ⁇ aperture, 30 ⁇ wire) is protected by TiN coating 2.
  • a PEC device is formed between two transparent substrates 6.
  • Each substrate is coated by a transparent electronic conductor 9 (TEC, F-doped tin oxide).
  • Isolation lines 10 in TEC created with aid of laser radiation divide each electrode into small portions.
  • the working electrode substrate is coated by dye sensitised Ti0 2 layer 3 and counter electrode substrate - by a catalytic layer 5.
  • 3 independent cells are formed by filling spaces between the electrode with an electrolyte 4.
  • a conductor is used to connect the cells in series.
  • the conductor comprises stainless steel core 11 protected by TiN coating 12.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif photoélectrochimique (PEC) comprenant deux substrats, et dans lequel l'un des substrats au moins est transparent et revêtu d'un conducteur électronique transparent (TEC); une électrode active comprenant un semi-conducteur poreux sensible aux colorants est formée sur un substrat; une contre-électrode comprenant une couche catalytique est formée sur un autre substrat; un électrolyte est placé entre les deux substrats; un conducteur métallique est utilisé pour conduire un courant électrique dans le dispositif et à partir de celui-ci; et une couche protectrice faite d'un matériau non métallique, avec une conductivité électrique suffisante pour générer une sortie électrique viable du dispositif PEC, est utilisée pour protéger lesdits conducteurs métalliques de l'électrolyte du dispositif.
EP04731114A 2003-05-05 2004-05-05 Dispositif photoelectrochimique Ceased EP1620870A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003902117A AU2003902117A0 (en) 2003-05-05 2003-05-05 Photovoltaic device
PCT/AU2004/000590 WO2004100196A1 (fr) 2003-05-05 2004-05-05 Dispositif photoelectrochimique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1620870A1 EP1620870A1 (fr) 2006-02-01
EP1620870A4 true EP1620870A4 (fr) 2008-07-09

Family

ID=31953470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04731114A Ceased EP1620870A4 (fr) 2003-05-05 2004-05-05 Dispositif photoelectrochimique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1620870A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP4476278B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100956366B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003902117A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004100196A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4812311B2 (ja) * 2005-03-10 2011-11-09 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 色素増感型太陽電池
JP2006286534A (ja) * 2005-04-04 2006-10-19 Nippon Oil Corp フレキシブル色素増感太陽電池
JP4911556B2 (ja) * 2005-05-13 2012-04-04 日本カーリット株式会社 色素増感型太陽電池の触媒電極、及びそれを備えた色素増感型太陽電池
JP2006324111A (ja) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-30 Nippon Oil Corp フレキシブル色素増感太陽電池
GB0610596D0 (en) * 2006-05-30 2006-07-05 Johnson Matthey Plc Electrode
JP5127330B2 (ja) * 2007-07-12 2013-01-23 日立造船株式会社 光電変換素子およびその製造方法
JP5127329B2 (ja) * 2007-07-12 2013-01-23 日立造船株式会社 光電変換素子およびその製造方法
JP5364999B2 (ja) * 2007-12-28 2013-12-11 大日本印刷株式会社 酸化物半導体電極用積層体、酸化物半導体電極、色素増感型太陽電池、および色素増感型太陽電池モジュール
CN101926042B (zh) * 2008-02-06 2014-04-02 株式会社藤仓 色素增感太阳能电池
DE102008051670A1 (de) * 2008-10-15 2009-11-05 H2 Solar Gmbh Silicide zur photoelektrochemischen Wasserspaltung und/oder Erzeugung von Elektrizität
KR101219488B1 (ko) * 2011-05-12 2013-01-11 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 염료감응 태양전지 및 그의 제조방법
JP6176697B2 (ja) * 2012-12-10 2017-08-09 ｉｎＱｓ株式会社 ２酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル
JP6176698B2 (ja) * 2012-12-13 2017-08-09 ｉｎＱｓ株式会社 色素増感タンデム２酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル
JP6176699B2 (ja) * 2012-12-28 2017-08-09 ｉｎＱｓ株式会社 色素増感タンデム２酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル
JP2014238969A (ja) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-18 シャープ株式会社 太陽電池
JP6267035B2 (ja) * 2014-03-28 2018-01-24 積水化学工業株式会社 色素増感太陽電池セルの組込構造及び発電ブラインド用スラット
CN104505259A (zh) * 2014-12-18 2015-04-08 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 染料敏化太阳能电池对电极
JP6625260B1 (ja) * 2018-10-18 2019-12-25 株式会社サイオクス 構造体の製造方法および構造体の製造装置

Citations (2)

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WO2004064191A1 (fr) * 2003-01-15 2004-07-29 Sony Corporation Element de conversion photoélectrique
EP1548868A1 (fr) * 2002-10-03 2005-06-29 Fujikura Ltd. Substrat d'electrode, element de conversion photoelectrique, substrat en verre conducteur et leur procede de production, et cellule solaire de sensibilisation pigmentaire

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EP0607251B1 (fr) * 1991-10-08 2000-12-27 Unisearch Limited Ameliorations apportees a la conception de l'optique des photocellules
DE19640616A1 (de) * 1996-10-01 1998-04-02 Bernd Dr Penth Photoelektrochemische Zelle
SE518454C2 (sv) * 1999-01-15 2002-10-08 Forskarpatent I Uppsala Ab Metod för framställning av en elektrokemisk cell samt elektrokemisk cell
AU2274600A (en) * 1999-02-08 2000-08-29 Kurth Glas + Spiegel Ag Photovoltaic cell and method for the production thereof
AUPP967799A0 (en) * 1999-04-09 1999-05-06 Sustainable Technologies Australia Ltd Methods to implement sealing and electrical connections to single cell and multi-cell regenerative photovoltaic photoelectrochemical devices
JP4613468B2 (ja) * 1999-12-27 2011-01-19 セイコーエプソン株式会社 太陽電池および太陽電池ユニット
KR100351633B1 (ko) * 2000-04-04 2002-09-11 한국화학연구원 금속염화물로 처리된 필름형 광활성물질과 이의 제조방법
JP2003123860A (ja) * 2001-10-19 2003-04-25 Nec Corp 光電変換素子及び光電変換素子の製造方法

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1548868A1 (fr) * 2002-10-03 2005-06-29 Fujikura Ltd. Substrat d'electrode, element de conversion photoelectrique, substrat en verre conducteur et leur procede de production, et cellule solaire de sensibilisation pigmentaire
WO2004064191A1 (fr) * 2003-01-15 2004-07-29 Sony Corporation Element de conversion photoélectrique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of WO2004100196A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1620870A1 (fr) 2006-02-01
JP4476278B2 (ja) 2010-06-09
KR100956366B1 (ko) 2010-05-07
JP2006526254A (ja) 2006-11-16
WO2004100196A1 (fr) 2004-11-18
KR20060035598A (ko) 2006-04-26
AU2003902117A0 (en) 2003-05-22

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