EP1598920B1 - Permanent magnet rotary electric motor - Google Patents

Permanent magnet rotary electric motor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1598920B1
EP1598920B1 EP05253007A EP05253007A EP1598920B1 EP 1598920 B1 EP1598920 B1 EP 1598920B1 EP 05253007 A EP05253007 A EP 05253007A EP 05253007 A EP05253007 A EP 05253007A EP 1598920 B1 EP1598920 B1 EP 1598920B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic pole
arc
permanent magnets
rotor
peripheral direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP05253007A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1598920A2 (en
EP1598920A3 (en
Inventor
Toshihito Sanyo Denki Co. Ltd. Miyashita
Satoru Sanyo Denki Co. Ltd. Onodera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Sanyo Denki Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Sanyo Denki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd, Sanyo Denki Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Publication of EP1598920A2 publication Critical patent/EP1598920A2/en
Publication of EP1598920A3 publication Critical patent/EP1598920A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1598920B1 publication Critical patent/EP1598920B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent magnet rotary motor.
  • a permanent magnet rotary motor which has armatures to generate a shifting magnetic field at a stator and a plurality of magnetic poles composed of permanent magnets at a rotor, which act with the shifting magnetic field to generate an electromagnetic force.
  • pulsating torque cogging torque
  • a thrust force are produced at the time of no-load operation.
  • cogging torque hinders smooth rotation or reciprocation of the motor, thus causing vibration and speed variation of the motor.
  • a slot with an oblique groove hereinafter referred to as a skew
  • a permanent magnet having the shape of a sector with the center of an inner circular arc thereof not aligned with the center of an outer circular arc thereof hereinafter referred to as the permanent magnet of an eccentric type.
  • formation of the skew may reduce the torque or reduce the productivity of the motor.
  • use of the permanent magnet of the eccentric type cannot increase the magnetic flux density of the motor, so that higher torque density cannot be achieved.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 146584/1999 discloses a permanent magnet rotary motor.
  • a pair of end surfaces of each of a plurality of permanent magnets that are located on both sides of each permanent magnet in the peripheral direction of a rotor and oppose to each other in the peripheral direction are so formed as to extend in the radial direction of the rotor.
  • the magnetic surface of each permanent magnet is configured to include an arc surface and a pair of inclined surfaces.
  • the arc surface is arranged in the central portion of the magnetic pole surface in the peripheral direction, and the pair of inclined surfaces are located on both sides of the arc surface in the peripheral direction and are inclined in such a manner that a gap between the inclined surface and the magnetic pole surface of the magnetic pole section spread toward the peripheral direction as leaving from the arc surface.
  • the higher torque density and reduction of the cogging torque are thereby effectively achieved.
  • US 2002 067092 discloses a motor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a permanent magnet rotary motor that can maintain higher torque density and can also reduce cogging torque more greatly than a conventional permanent magnet rotary motor.
  • a permanent magnet rotary motor includes a stator and a rotor.
  • the stator includes a stator core having N slots and N magnetic pole sections (N: a natural number of 2 or more) and exciting windings wound on the N magnetic pole sections. Each of the N slots and the N magnetic pole sections is arranged to be spaced at equal intervals in the peripheral direction of the stator.
  • the rotor has a rotor core and P permanent magnets (P: a natural number of 2 or more) provided on the surface of the rotor core or a rotor shaft to be spaced at equal intervals in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft. The rotor rotates with respect to the stator.
  • These permanent magnets have magnetic pole surfaces opposing to the magnetic pole sections in the radial direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft.
  • Each of the magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets includes an arc surface and a pair of inclined surfaces.
  • the arc surface is located at a central portion of the magnetic pole surface and is formed so that a gap between the arc surface and the magnetic pole surface of the magnetic pole section is constant.
  • the pair of inclined surfaces are inclined in such a manner that a gap between the inclined surface and the magnetic pole surface of the magnetic pole section spreads toward the peripheral direction as leaving from the arc surface
  • Each of the P permanent magnets has a pair of end surfaces located on both sides of each of the permanent magnets in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft and opposing to each other in the radial direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft.
  • the pair of end surfaces are formed to be substantially parallel to a virtual plane that extends in the radial direction while passing through the center of the stator core and the center of the arc surface.
  • the length of the arc surface in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft and inclinations of the inclined surfaces are so determined that a pole arc ratio ⁇ 1 of the arc surface of each of the permanent magnets and a pole arc ratio ⁇ 2 of the magnetic pole surface of each of the permanent magnets satisfy a relation of P/2N ⁇ ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.38 x P/2N.
  • the pole arc ratio ⁇ 1 is defined to be the value obtained by dividing an open angle ⁇ 1 of the arc surface of a permanent magnet by an angle 2 ⁇ /P (being ⁇ 1+2 ⁇ /P, herein).
  • the open angle ⁇ 1 is the angle between one end and the other end of the arc surface in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft, as illustrated in Fig. 2 .
  • the angle 2 ⁇ /P is obtained by dividing a full circumference angle 2 ⁇ (360°) by the number of the permanent magnets P.
  • the pole arc ratio ⁇ 2 is defined to be the value obtained by dividing an open angle ⁇ 2 of the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet as illustrated in Fig. 2 , by the angle 2 ⁇ /P (being ⁇ 2+2 ⁇ /P, herein).
  • the permanent magnets are magnetized and oriented in parallel to a direction in which the virtual plane extends.
  • the distribution of magnetic flux density within the gaps becomes closer to a sine wave.
  • the waveform of an induced voltage generated between winding terminals becomes closer to the sine wave.
  • the pole arc ratio ⁇ 1 and the pole arc ratio ⁇ 2 will satisfy a relation of 1/3 ⁇ ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0.46.
  • the effect of increasing the torque and reducing the cogging torque is particularly great.
  • the pole arc ratio ⁇ 1 and the pole arc ratio ⁇ 2 are so determined as to satisfy the relation of 0.371 ⁇ ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0.393, the cogging torque can be more greatly reduced.
  • An open angle Am of each of the inclined surfaces of the motor according to the present invention is not included in the range of the open angle Am in a prior art disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 146584/1999 .
  • the reason for this will be described below.
  • an open angle As of each magnetic pole section of the stator becomes (360/N) - ws.
  • the open angle ws of each slot is in the range of 0° to 30°.
  • the open angle As ranges from 30° to 0°.
  • the range of the open angle Am is determined by using a relation of (1/10) As ⁇ Am ⁇ (1/4) As between the open angles Am and As in the prior art, the range of the open angle Am is larger than 0° and smaller than 7.5°.
  • Equation 1 1/3 ⁇ ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0.46
  • Equation 2 Am x (2/45) (referred to as Equation 2) is obtained.
  • Equation (2) the open angle Am of the motor of the present invention is in the range of 7.5° to 10.35°(7.5° ⁇ Am ⁇ 10.35°).
  • the open angle Am of the present invention is not included in the range of the open angle Am in the art described in the Publication No.146584/1999, which is larger than 0° and smaller than 7.5°.
  • each of the inclined surfaces formed in the magnetic pole surface of each permanent magnet is a plane
  • the angle of each of the inclined surfaces is so determined that the virtual plane, which passes through the center of the stator core and the center of the arc surface, crosses the extended surface of each of the inclined surfaces at an angle of (70° - 90°/P) to (80° - 90°/P).
  • this angle is below (70° - 90°/P)
  • the torque is reduced.
  • this angle is over (80° - 90°/P)
  • the cogging torque cannot be reduced sufficiently.
  • each of the magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets is formed to be plane-symmetric with respect to the virtual plane.
  • a stator in a specific permanent magnet rotary motor of the present invention, includes a stator core having 12 slots and 12 magnetic pole sections and exciting windings of three phases wound on the 12 magnetic pole sections. Each of 12 slots and 12 magnetic pole sections is arranged to be spaced at equal intervals in the peripheral direction of the stator.
  • a rotor has a rotor core and eight permanent magnets provided on the surface of the rotor core or a rotor shaft to be spaced at equal intervals in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft.
  • the permanent magnets have magnetic pole surfaces opposing to the magnetic pole sections of the stator in the radial direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft, and the rotor rotates with respect to the stator.
  • Each of magnetic surfaces of the 12 magnetic pole sections is formed to be located on a virtual cylindrical surface centering on the center of the stator core.
  • Each of the magnetic pole surfaces of the eight permanent magnets includes an arc surface and a pair of inclined surfaces.
  • the arc surface is arranged in the central portion of each of the magnetic pole surfaces in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft and is so shaped that the dimension of a gap from the opposing one of the magnetic surfaces of the magnetic pole sections in the radial direction is constant.
  • the pair of inclined surfaces is located on both sides of the arc surface in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft and has a shape in which the inclined surfaces are inclined in such a manner that a gap between the inclined surface and the magnetic pole surface of the magnetic pole section spread toward a peripheral direction as leaving from the arc surface.
  • Each of the eight permanent magnets has a pair of end surfaces located on both sides thereof in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft and opposes to each other in the peripheral direction. The pair of end surfaces are formed to be substantially parallel to a virtual plane extending in the radial direction while passing through the center of the stator core and the center of the arc surface.
  • the length of the arc surface in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft and inclinations of the inclined surfaces are so determined that a pole arc ratio ⁇ 1 of the arc surface of each of the permanent magnets and a pole arc ratio ⁇ 2 of the magnetic pole surface of each of the permanent magnets satisfy a relation of 1/3 ⁇ ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0.46.
  • the pair of end surfaces of each permanent magnet in the peripheral direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft is formed to be substantially parallel to the virtual plane that extends in the radial direction of the rotor core or the rotor shaft, passing through the center of the stator core and the center of the arc surface.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of and a relationship between a stator 1 and a rotor 3 of a permanent magnetic rotary motor used for explaining an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 for simplicity of illustration, exciting windings for the stator 1 are not illustrated.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of the rotor 3 of the permanent magnet rotary motor in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a virtual cylindrical surface PC, which will be described later.
  • the stator 1 includes a stator core 2 and the exciting windings W.
  • the stator core 2 includes a cylindrical yoke 5 and N (being 12, herein) magnetic pole sections 7 that extend toward a center C of the stator core 2 from the inner periphery of the yoke 5.
  • Each of the 12 magnetic pole sections 7 has a magnetic pole main body section 7b with an exciting winding wound thereon and has a magnetic pole surface 7a at a leading end thereof.
  • the magnetic pole surface 7a of each of the 12 magnetic pole sections 7 is formed to be arranged on the virtual cylindrical surface PC illustrated in Fig. 2 , which centers on the center C of the stator core 2.
  • the stator core 2 has N (being 12, herein) slots 9 arranged between respective adjacent pairs of the magnetic pole sections 7 which are spaced at equal intervals in a peripheral direction of the stator core 2.
  • the rotor 3 includes a cylindrical rotor core 11 and P (being eight, herein) permanent magnets 13.
  • the rotor core 11 may comprise the rotor shaft.
  • the shaft may be provided at a center of the rotor core 11.
  • the permanent magnets 13 are arranged on the surface of the rotor core 11 at equal intervals in the peripheral direction of the rotor core.
  • Each of the permanent magnets 13 has a pair of end surfaces 13a, 13a and a magnetic pole surface 13b.
  • the pair of end surfaces 13a, 13a are arranged on both sides of each permanent magnet 13 in the peripheral direction of the rotor core 11 and oppose to each other in the peripheral direction of the rotor core 11.
  • the magnetic pole surface 13b is composed of an arc surface 13c and a pair of inclined surfaces 13d, 13d.
  • the rotor 3 is so arranged within the stator 1 that the magnetic surfaces 13b of the permanent magnets 13 face the magnetic pole surfaces 7a of the magnetic pole sections 7 of the stator core 2.
  • Each of the pairs of end surfaces 13a, 13a of the permanent magnets 13 is so formed that the pair of end surfaces 13a, 13a substantially are parallel to a virtual plane PS that passes through the center C of the stator core 2 and the center of the arc surface 13c.
  • the permanent magnets 13 are so magnetized as to be parallel to a direction in which the virtual plane PS extends.
  • the magnetic pole surfaces 13b of the permanent magnets 13 oppose the magnetic pole surfaces 7a of the magnetic pole sections 7 of the stator core 2 in the radial direction of the rotor core 11.
  • the arc surface 13c and the pair of inclined surfaces 13d, 13d that constitute the magnetic pole surface 13b are formed to be plane-symmetric with respect to the virtual plane PS that passes through the center of the arc surface 13c.
  • the arc surface 13c is located in the central portion of the magnetic pole surface 13b in the peripheral direction of the rotor core 11.
  • the dimension of a gap between each of the magnetic pole surfaces 7a of the magnetic pole sections 7 of the stator core 2 and the opposing arc surface 13c in the radial direction is constant.
  • the pair of inclined surfaces 13d, 13d are located on both sides of the arc surface 13c in the peripheral direction of the rotor core 11, and are inclined in such a manner that a gap between each of the inclined surface 13d, 13d and the magnetic pole surface 7a of the magnetic pole section 7 of the stator core 2 spreads toward a peripheral direction as leaving from the arc surface 13c.
  • the pair of inclined surfaces 13d, 13d are inclined in such a manner that a gap between the inclined surface 13d, 13d and the magnetic pole surface 7a of the magnetic pole section 7 spreads toward the peripheral direction as leaving from the virtual plane PS.
  • the pair of inclined surfaces 13d, 13d are composed of the planes which are inclined linearly or the planes inclined at a constant angle.
  • An angle ⁇ formed between the virtual plane PS and a virtual inclined surface, which is an extended surface of the inclined surface 13d in this embodiment is set to 63°.
  • this angle is in the range of (70° - 90°/P) to (80° - 90°/P). Accordingly, in this embodiment, it is preferable that this angle is in the range of 58-75° to 68.75°.
  • the length of the arc surface 13c of a permanent magnet 13 in the peripheral direction of the rotor core 11 and inclinations of the inclined surfaces 13d, 13d are so determined that a pole arc ratio ⁇ 1 of the arc surface 13c of the permanent magnet 13 and a pole arc ratio ⁇ 2 of the magnetic pole surface 13b of the permanent magnet 13 satisfy the relation of P/2N ⁇ ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.38 x P/2N.
  • the pole arc ratio ⁇ 1 is so defined as to be the value (being ⁇ 1/45, herein) obtained by dividing an open angle ⁇ 1 of the arc surface 13c of each permanent magnet 13 by an angle 2 ⁇ /P (being 45°, herein).
  • the angle 2 ⁇ /P (being 45°, herein) is obtained by dividing a full circumference angle 2 ⁇ (360°) by the number of the permanent magnets (being eight, herein). Further, the pole arc ratio ⁇ 2 is so defined as to be the value (being ⁇ 2/45, herein) obtained by dividing an open angle ⁇ 2 of the magnetic pole surface 13b of each permanent magnet 13 by the angle 2 ⁇ /P (being 45°, herein).
  • the cogging torque is greatly reduced in the vicinity of the open angle Am of 8.595°.
  • the open angles Am of the motors according to the present invention are not included in the range of the open angle Am of a conventional motor, which is larger than 0° and smaller than 7.5°.
  • Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the ( ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ) and torque in each of the motors used in Fig. 3 .
  • the torque is reduced as the ( ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ) is increased.
  • the ( ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 ) is in the range of 1/3 (0.333) to 0.46, particularly in the range of 0.371 to 0.393, the torque is not so greatly reduced. Accordingly, according to this embodiment, the cogging torque can be reduced more greatly than in the prior art, without reducing the torque greatly.
  • the number of the magnetic pole sections of the stator is set to 12, while the number of the permanent magnets of the rotor is set to eight.
  • the present invention is not limited to this combination.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
EP05253007A 2004-05-18 2005-05-17 Permanent magnet rotary electric motor Expired - Fee Related EP1598920B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004147986A JP3722822B1 (ja) 2004-05-18 2004-05-18 永久磁石回転モータ
JP2004147986 2004-05-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1598920A2 EP1598920A2 (en) 2005-11-23
EP1598920A3 EP1598920A3 (en) 2010-08-04
EP1598920B1 true EP1598920B1 (en) 2011-07-27

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05253007A Expired - Fee Related EP1598920B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-05-17 Permanent magnet rotary electric motor

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7183684B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1598920B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3722822B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100546150C (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023109998A1 (de) 2021-12-16 2023-06-22 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren und vorrichtung zur prüfung eines smc-statorkerns
DE102021133457A1 (de) 2021-12-16 2023-06-22 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung eines SMC-Statorkerns

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JP3722822B1 (ja) 2005-11-30
US20050258698A1 (en) 2005-11-24
CN1700562A (zh) 2005-11-23
CN100546150C (zh) 2009-09-30
EP1598920A2 (en) 2005-11-23
EP1598920A3 (en) 2010-08-04
US7183684B2 (en) 2007-02-27
JP2005333703A (ja) 2005-12-02

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