EP1582714B1 - System und Verfahren zur Regeneration eines Partikelfilters - Google Patents

System und Verfahren zur Regeneration eines Partikelfilters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1582714B1
EP1582714B1 EP05007108A EP05007108A EP1582714B1 EP 1582714 B1 EP1582714 B1 EP 1582714B1 EP 05007108 A EP05007108 A EP 05007108A EP 05007108 A EP05007108 A EP 05007108A EP 1582714 B1 EP1582714 B1 EP 1582714B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particulate filter
amount
regeneration
particulate matter
accumulated
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EP05007108A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1582714A1 (de
Inventor
Yukiyo Fukui
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1448—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an exhaust gas pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/007—Storing data relevant to operation of exhaust systems for later retrieval and analysis, e.g. to research exhaust system malfunctions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/08—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F01N2430/085—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
    • F02D41/187—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow using a hot wire flow sensor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to regeneration system and method for regenerating a particulate filter, which collects fine exhaust particles (generally referred to as particulate matter) from an exhaust stream of a diesel engine.
  • the particulate filter has, for example, a porous ceramic body.
  • the particulate filter when the exhaust gas passes through partition walls of the porous ceramic body, the particulate matter is captured by the partition walls and the pores of the porous ceramic body.
  • the performance of the particulate filter for capturing the particulate matter is disadvantageously lowered, or a flow resistance of the exhaust gas in the particulate filter is disadvantageously increased.
  • the flow resistance of the exhaust gas is increased, a back pressure of the internal combustion engine is increased to cause a decrease in an output power of the engine.
  • a regenerating system for regenerating the particulate filter by appropriately removing the particulate matter, which is accumulated in the particulate filter.
  • post fuel injection is performed to inject fuel during each expansion stroke (or each exhaust stroke) of the diesel engine and thereby to supply the fuel to the particulate filter.
  • the temperature of the particulate filter is increased, so that the accumulated particulate matter is combusted and is removed.
  • the regeneration operation of the regeneration system is performed in a running state of the diesel engine. More specifically, the regeneration system is operated when the vehicle is driven to travel by the diesel engine. This is true in the regeneration system recited in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-1146. However, in some cases, a forceful regeneration operation for forcefully regenerating the particulate filter is performed at the time of maintenance service at an automobile dealer without requiring the traveling of the vehicle.
  • the diesel engine In the case of the forceful regeneration operation at the automobile dealer, the diesel engine is placed in the running state, and the post fuel injection is performed during each exhaust stroke.
  • the forceful regeneration operation is performed in a manner similar to that of the regeneration operation, which is performed during the traveling of the vehicle.
  • the running state of the diesel engine is not suitable for regenerating the particulate filter, resulting in unnecessary waste of the fuel.
  • WO 02/086301 Al discloses a regeneration system and method for regenerating a particulate filter having the features defined in the preambles of claims 1 and 10.
  • a regeneration of the particulate filter is initiated when it is estimated that the accumulated particulate matter on the particulate filter has reached a predetermined constant amount.
  • the regeneration operation is stopped when the elapsed time, which has been measured since the initiation of the regeneration operation, reaches a preset operating time period required for burning the accumulated particulate matter on the particulate filter.
  • a regeneration system for performing a forceful regeneration operation of a particulate filter of a diesel engine installed in a vehicle.
  • the regeneration system includes an estimating means, a setting means, a sensing means, a regenerating means and a stop means.
  • the estimating means is for estimating an amount of accumulated particulate matter on the particulate filter before initiation of the regeneration operation.
  • the estimating means provides at least one estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the setting means is for setting a maximum operating time period of the regeneration operation based on the at least one estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the sensing means is for sensing at least one physical quantity, which relates to the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the regenerating means is for regenerating the particulate filter in the regeneration operation by performing post fuel injection in the diesel engine during each exhaust stroke of the diesel engine to supply fuel to the particulate filter and thereby to remove the particulate matter from the particulate filter through use of combustion heat of the supplied fuel upon combustion of the supplied fuel.
  • the stop means is for stopping the regeneration operation of the regenerating means when one of the following conditions is satisfied: a remaining amount of accumulated particulate matter of the particulate filter, which is monitored by the stop means and which is determined based on the at least one physical quantity sensed by the sensing means, is equal to or less than a reference value used to determine completion of regeneration of the particulate filter; and elapsed time, which has been measured since the initiation of the current regeneration operation of the regenerating means, reaches an end of the maximum operating time period.
  • the stop means forcefully stops the regeneration operation of the regenerating means when the elapsed time reaches the end of the maximum operating time period regardless of the monitored remaining amount of accumulated particulate matter of the particulate filter.
  • the amount of particulate matter is estimated before the initiation of the regeneration operation. Then, the maximum operating time period is set based on at least one estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the elapsed time which has been measured since the initiation of the current regeneration operation of the regenerating means, reaches the end of the maximum operating time period, the regeneration operation is forcefully stopped.
  • the regeneration system of the present invention may further include a failure diagnosing means and a storage means.
  • the failure diagnosing means is for diagnosing a failure of at least one of the estimating means, the setting means, the sensing means, the regenerating means and the stop means.
  • the storage means is for storing failure information when the failure of any one of the at least one of the estimating means, the setting means, the sensing means, the regenerating means and the stop means is sensed by the failure diagnosing means.
  • the failure information is indicative of the sensed failure.
  • the stop means may stop the regeneration operation of the regenerating means when the failure information is present in the storage means. When one component of the regeneration system fails, the regeneration operation may not be properly performed. Thus, in such a situation, the regeneration operation is stopped to limit waste of the fuel.
  • the at least one estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter may include a plurality of estimated values of the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the estimating means may estimate the plurality of estimated values of the amount of accumulated particulate matter through a plurality of methods, respectively.
  • the setting means may set the maximum operating time period of the regeneration operation based on the plurality of estimated values of the amount of accumulated particulate matter. In this way, the maximum operating time period can be set to correspond with the more accurate amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the maximum operating time period may be determined based on an average (weighted average) of the estimated values of the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the maximum operating time period may be determined based on a sum of a preset value and the average (weighted average) of the estimated values.
  • the maximum operating time period may be determined based on a maximum value of a group of the estimated values, which fall within a predetermined range.
  • the setting means may set the maximum operating time period of the regeneration operation based on a maximum one of the plurality of estimated values of the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the plurality of estimated values of the amount of accumulated particulate matter, which are estimated by the estimating means may include at least two of: an estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter that is estimated by the estimating means based on a pressure difference between an inlet of the particulate filter and an outlet of the particulate filter; an estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter that is estimated by the estimating means based on a weight of the particulate filter; an estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter that is estimated by the estimating means based on elapsed operating time of the diesel engine, which has been measured since an end of a previous forceful regeneration operation of the particulate filter; an estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter that is estimated by the estimating means based on a travel distance of the vehicle, which has been measured since the end of the previous regeneration operation of the particulate filter; and an estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter that is estimated by the estimating means based on a total amount of injected
  • the regeneration system may include a rotational speed control means for controlling a rotational speed of the diesel engine.
  • the rotational speed control means keeps the rotational speed of the diesel engine higher than a normal idling speed of the diesel engine throughout a predetermined time period, which starts at time of the initiation of the current regeneration operation. In this way, an increase rate of the temperature of the particulate filter is increased.
  • the removal of the particulate matter (regeneration of the particulate filter) through the combustion of the supplied fuel, which is supplied by the post fuel injection can be accelerated. This may result in a decrease in the fuel consumption.
  • the predetermined time period may end when combustion of the supplied fuel, which is supplied to the particulate filter, is confirmed. When the combustion of the supplied fuel is confirmed, it is assumed that the particulate filter has been heated to the predetermined temperature, which is required for the regeneration operation.
  • the rotational speed control means may reduce the rotational speed of the diesel engine to a minimum idling speed, which is required for maintaining the idling of the diesel engine, after elapse of the predetermined time period.
  • the diesel engine needs to be kept running to perform the post fuel injection.
  • the rotational speed is maintained at the minimum rotational speed to minimize the fuel consumption.
  • the rotational speed control means may control the rotational speed of the diesel engine in such a manner that single fuel injection is performed in the diesel engine per combustion stroke of the diesel engine throughout the regeneration operation of the regenerating means.
  • multistage fuel injection operation for example, including pilot fuel injection, pre-fuel injection, main fuel injection and after fuel injection
  • the multistage fuel injection operation should be prohibited, and the single fuel injection (e.g., the main fuel injection) may be performed during the combustion stroke.
  • a regeneration method for regenerating a particulate filter of a diesel engine installed in a vehicle This method may be performed, for example, at an automobile dealer without requiring traveling of the vehicle.
  • at least one estimated value of an amount of accumulated particulate matter on the particulate filter is obtained before initiation of a forceful regeneration operation of the particulate filter.
  • a maximum operating time period of the regeneration operation is set based on the at least one estimated value of the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the particulate filter is regenerated in the regeneration operation by performing post fuel injection in the diesel engine during each exhaust stroke of the diesel engine to supply fuel to the particulate filter and thereby to remove the particulate matter from the particulate filter through use of combustion heat of the supplied fuel upon combustion of the supplied fuel. Then, a remaining amount of accumulated particulate matter of the particulate filter and elapsed time, which has been measured since the initiation of the current regeneration operation, are monitored and the regeneration operation is stopped when one of the following conditions is satisfied: the remaining amount of accumulated particulate matter of the particulate filter is equal to or less than a reference value used to determine completion of regeneration of the particulate filter; and the elapsed time reaches an end of the maximum operating time period. The regeneration operation is forcefully stopped when the elapsed time reaches the end of the maximum operating time period regardless of the monitored remaining amount of accumulated particulate matter of the particulate filter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a structure of a diesel engine, to which the regeneration system of the present embodiment is installed.
  • an air intake passage 2 and an exhaust passage 3 are connected to an engine main body 1.
  • the air intake passage 2 conducts intake air
  • the exhaust passage 3 conducts exhaust gas (emissions) outputted from cylinders of the engine main body 1.
  • a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 4 is positioned in the exhaust passage 3.
  • the particulate filter 4 includes a porous ceramic body made of, for example, cordierite or silicon carbide.
  • the exhaust gas enters the particulate filter 4 through an inlet 4a and passes through partition walls of the porous ceramic body. Thereafter, the exhaust gas exits the particulate filter 4 through an outlet 4b and flows toward a downstream side.
  • particulate matter fine exhaust particles (generally referred to as particulate matter) contained in the exhaust gas are captured by the particulate filter 4 and are increasingly accumulated in the particulate filter 4.
  • An oxidation catalyst which includes precious metal, such as platinum or palladium, as its major component, is held on a surface of a filter main body of the particulate filter 4 to oxidize, combust and remove the particulate matter under a predetermined temperature condition.
  • the diesel engine of the present embodiment includes a fuel supply device, i.e., a fuel injection device 5, which includes injectors for supplying fuel to the cylinders of the engine main body 1. Furthermore, an ECU 6 is provided.
  • the ECU 6 controls, for example, the fuel supply amount and fuel injection timing of the fuel injection device 5.
  • the ECU 6 performs a control operation for controlling the regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4, which will be described below.
  • the ECU 6 plays the central role in the regeneration system for regenerating the particulate filter according to the present embodiment.
  • the ECU 6 receives a measurement signal from a differential pressure sensor 8 as a value, which relates to the amount of accumulated particulate matter.
  • the differential pressure sensor 8 senses a pressure difference between an upstream side of the particulate filter 4 and a downstream side of the particulate filter 4.
  • First and second branched passages 31a, 31b are connected to the exhaust passage 3.
  • the first branched passage 31a branches from the exhaust passage 3 on the upstream side of the particulate filter 4, and the second branched passage 31b branches from the exhaust passage 3 on the downstream side of the particulate filter 4.
  • the differential pressure sensor 8 senses the pressure difference between the inlet (the upstream side) 4a of the particulate filter 4 and the outlet (the downstream side) 4b of the particulate filter 4.
  • the pressure difference which is sensed by the differential pressure sensor 8, correlates to the amount of accumulated particulate matter (hereinafter, referred to as the amount of accumulated PM) of the particulate filter 4.
  • the amount of accumulated PM increases to cause an increase in the pressure loss, the pressure difference is also increased.
  • a weight sensor 11 is arranged adjacent the particulate filter 4.
  • the weight sensor 11 senses the weight of the particulate filter 4 as the value, which relates to the amount of accumulated PM.
  • a measurement signal of the weight sensor 11 is also supplied to the ECU 6. It is not required to provide both the differential pressure sensor 8 and the weight sensor 11, and therefore only one of the differential pressure sensor 8 and the weight sensor 11 may be provided, if desired.
  • An air flow meter 7 is provided in the air intake passage 2 to sense the flow rate of the intake air (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as an intake air flow rate).
  • a measurement signal of the air flow meter 7 is supplied to the ECU 6.
  • a measurement signal of an opening degree sensor (also referred to as an accelerator pedal position sensor) 9 and a measurement signal of a crank angle sensor 10 are supplied to the ECU 6.
  • the opening degree sensor 9 senses a degree of opening of a throttle valve (not shown), which corresponds to a position of an accelerator pedal (not shown) that is operated by a driver.
  • the crank angle sensor 10 senses a rotational speed (rpm) of the engine.
  • a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 14 is provided on the downstream side of the particulate filter 4 in the exhaust passage 3.
  • the DOC 14 removes harmful exhaust gas components other than the particulate matter.
  • an oxygen sensor (O 2 sensor) 13 is provided on the downstream side of the oxidation catalyst 14 to monitor removal of the harmful components by the oxidation catalyst 14. The amount of remaining harmful components in the exhaust gas can be determined by measuring the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas through the oxygen sensor 13. Alternatively, the amount of harmful components may be directly measured by a gas sensor (not shown).
  • a tool (dealer tool) 20 is removably connected to the ECU 6 and commands the ECU 6 to perform the forceful regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4. Furthermore, the tool 20 indicates information about various states in the forceful regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4. The forceful regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4 through use of the tool 20 will be described in greater detail with reference to flow charts shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows the flow chart, which indicates a main routine of the forceful regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4.
  • step S10 it is determined whether an execution command, which requests execution of the forceful regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4, has been outputted from the tool 20 to the ECU 6.
  • step S20 it is determined whether the execution command is outputted from the tool 20 to the ECU 6.
  • diagnosis data (sometimes referred to as diag data), which relates to the regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4, is stored, i.e., is present in the ECU 6. More specifically, the ECU 6 monitors the accumulation of the particulate matter in the particulate filter 4 and also monitors whether removal of the particulate matter from the particulate filter 4 can be properly performed during the running state of the diesel engine. When the ECU 6 detects a failure of any component of the regeneration system, the ECU 6 stores the diagnosis data, which includes failure information indicating the failed component and also a type of the failure.
  • diagnosis data sometimes referred to as diag data
  • an execution time interval for executing the regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4 could be extremely shortened or lengthened.
  • the ECU 6 determines that a possibility of failure of the differential pressure sensor 8 is relatively high and stores the corresponding diagnosis data, which indicates the relatively high possibility of the failure of the differential pressure sensor 8.
  • step S110 the tool 20 displays failure information, which indicates the failed component, and also displays a message for requesting repair or replacement of the failed component. Furthermore, the tool 20 displays a message for requesting input of a command for executing the forceful regeneration operation of the particulate filter 4 after the repair or the replacement of the failed component. Thereafter, the process ends.
  • the regeneration operation may not be properly performed. Thus, in such a failed state, the regeneration operation is prohibited to limit waste of fuel.
  • step S30 the amount of accumulated PM of the particulate filter 4 is computed. Then, the corresponding regeneration operating time period (or simply referred to as an operating time period or regeneration time), which corresponds to the computed amount of accumulated PM, is computed. This process will be described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 3.
  • step S210 of the flow chart in FIG. 3 a plurality of methods is used to determine the amount of accumulated PM. Thus, a plurality of estimated values for the amount of accumulated PM is obtained. These methods will be described below.
  • the maximum value is selected from the estimated values of the amount of accumulated PM, which are computed at step S210.
  • the corresponding regeneration operating time period is computed.
  • the corresponding regeneration operating time period is the time period required to regenerate the particulate filter 4 by removing the corresponding amount of accumulated PM, which corresponds to the selected maximum value.
  • the reason for selecting the maximum value from the estimated values of the amount of accumulated PM at step S220 is to make sure that the particulate matter, which is accumulated in the particulate filter 4 is substantially removed.
  • each of the estimated values of the amount of accumulated PM which are computed by the above methods, may be erroneous for some reason.
  • the regeneration operating time period can be set based on a sum of a preset value and a weighted average of the amount of accumulated PM. Further alternatively, the regeneration operating time period can be set based on a maximum value that is selected from a group of the average values of the amount of accumulated PM, which fall in a predetermined range.
  • the computed regeneration operating time period is displayed by the tool 20 at step S40 of the flow chart shown in FIG. 2. In this way, the operator of the forceful regeneration operation can know the operating time period, which is required to perform the forceful regeneration operation, in advance of the forceful regeneration operation.
  • step S50 an engine control operation for the forceful regeneration is performed.
  • the engine control operation for the forceful regeneration will be described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 4.
  • step S310 the diesel engine is started.
  • a multistage fuel injection operation which is performed during the normal operation, is prohibited to reduce the fuel consumption in the forceful regeneration operation. That is, in each combustion stroke, only single fuel injection (main fuel injection) is performed.
  • post fuel injection for removing the particulate matter, which is accumulated in the particulate filter 4 is performed.
  • the fuel is supplied to the particulate filter 4 by the post fuel injection.
  • the temperature of the particulate filter 4 is increased to a sufficient level by the exhaust gas, the fuel is heated and is thus combusted.
  • the temperature of the oxidation catalyst of the particulate filter 4 is increased by the combustion heat of the fuel, so that the accumulated particulate matter is combusted and is removed.
  • a relay such as an air conditioner relay
  • a relay is turned off. This is to prohibit correction of the fuel injection amount caused by turning on of the relay in the forceful regeneration operation. In other words, operation of the air conditioner or the like is not required during the forceful regeneration operation. Thus, each corresponding relay is forcefully turned off to prevent consumption of the excess fuel.
  • the fuel injection amount is increased to increase an idling speed of the diesel engine from a normal idling speed to a predetermined idling speed (e.g., about 1500 rpm).
  • a predetermined idling speed e.g., about 1500 rpm.
  • step S340 it is determined whether the temperature of the particulate filter 4 has been increased to the predetermined temperature, which causes the ignition and combustion of the fuel, based on the measurement signal of the temperature sensor 12. At this time, when it is determined that the temperature of the particulate filter 4 has not bee increased to the predetermined temperature, the increased idling speed of the diesel engine is maintained at step S340. In contrast, when it is determined that the temperature of the particulate filter 4 has been increased to the predetermined temperature, the idling speed of the diesel engine is decreased at step S350. Thus, the increased idling speed is maintained only for a certain time period (a predetermined time period).
  • the diesel engine needs to maintain the running state for performing the post fuel injection during the regeneration operation. However, after the particulate filter 4 is heated to the predetermined temperature, which is required for the regeneration operation, it is not required to maintain the high exhaust gas temperature, and it is only required to maintain the idling state of the diesel engine.
  • the rotational speed of the diesel engine is controlled to the lowest possible level, i.e., is controlled to the minimum rotational speed (the minimum idling speed) that can maintain the idling state of the diesel engine. In this way, the fuel consumption for maintaining the running state of the diesel engine can be reduced.
  • the ECU 6 receives the measurement signals from the differential pressure sensor 8 and the weight sensor 11 at step S60. Then, at step S70, it is determined whether the computed regeneration operating time period, which is computed at step S30, has elapsed.
  • a countermeasure against the abnormality is taken at step S90 in such a manner that the tool 20 performs storing of failure information indicating the state of the abnormality and displays information indicating the occurrence of the abnormality.
  • the amount of accumulated PM of the particulate filter 4 is estimated before the initiation of the regeneration operation.
  • the maximum regeneration operating time period is determined based on the estimated amount of accumulated particulate matter and is set as the regeneration operating time period.
  • step S70 when it is determined that the preset regeneration operating time period has not elapsed at step S70, control proceeds to step S80.
  • step S80 it is determined whether the measured sensor value (the measured pressure difference) of the sensor 8 and/or the measured sensor value (measured weight) of the sensor 11 have been reduced to the regeneration reference value or below.
  • the sensor value (the measured pressure difference) of the sensor 8 is accordingly progressively reduced.
  • the regeneration reference value is set based on a corresponding factory preset sensor value.
  • the factory preset sensor value is set under a predetermined operational condition at the time of shipment from a manufacturing factory using a brand-new particulate filter that has no accumulated particulate matter.
  • the factory preset sensor value indicates the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the particulate filter, which has no accumulated particulate matter.
  • the regeneration reference value can be the factory preset sensor value itself.
  • the sensor value obtained based on the measurement signal of the sensor could be held to the high value, which is higher than the regeneration reference value, even after the substantial removal of the particulate matter from the particulate filter 4.
  • the countermeasure against the abnormality is taken upon determination of the elapse of the preset regeneration operating time period.
  • the differential pressure sensor 8 is described in greater detail above, the sensor value of the weight sensor 11 may be processed in a manner similar to that of the differential pressure sensor 8.
  • the regeneration reference value of the weight sensor 11 may be set based on a corresponding factory preset sensor value of the weight sensor 11 or may be the corresponding factory preset sensor value itself.
  • the factor preset sensor value of the weight sensor 11 indicates the weight of the particulate filter 4 with no particulate matter.
  • step S100 the tool 20 displays completion information indicating the completion of the regeneration operation. Thereafter, control proceeds to step S120 where the diesel engine is stopped, and the forceful regeneration operation is terminated.
  • the multiple estimated values of the amount of accumulated PM are computed through the multiple methods.
  • only one estimated value of the amount of accumulated PM, which is obtained by one of the above methods, can be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Regenerationssystem zum Durchführen eines erzwungenen Regenerationsbetriebs eines Partikelfilters (4) einer an einem Fahrzeug installierten Dieselkraftmaschine, wobei das Regenerationssystem folgendes aufweist:
    eine Schätzeinrichtung (S30) zum Schätzen einer Menge von an dem Partikelfilter (4) vor der Initiierung des Regenerationsbetriebs angesammelten Schwebstoffen, wobei die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) zumindest einen geschätzten Wert der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe bereitstellt;
    eine Einstelleinrichtung (S30) zum Einstellen einer maximalen Betriebszeitspanne des Regenerationsbetriebs auf Grundlage des zumindest einen geschätzten Werts der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe;
    einer Erfassungseinrichtung (S60) zum Erfassen mindestens einer physikalischen Größe, die mit der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe in Beziehung steht;
    einer Regenerationseinrichtung (S50) zum Regenerieren des Partikelfilters (4) in dem Regenerationsbetrieb, indem während jedem Auslasstakt der Dieselkraftmaschine eine Kraftstoffnacheinspritzung in der Dieselkraftmaschine durchgeführt wird, um zu dem Partikelfilter (4) Kraftstoff zuzuführen und dadurch die Schwebstoffe von dem Partikelfilter (4) durch Verwendung der Verbrennungswärme des zugeführten Kraftstoffs nach der Verbrennung des zugeführten Kraftstoffs zu beseitigen; und
    eine Stoppeinrichtung (S70, S80, S120) zum Überwachen der verstrichenen Zeit, die seit der Initiierung des gegenwärtigen Regenerationsbetriebs der Regenerationseinrichtung (S50) gemessen wurde,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Stoppeinrichtung (S70, S80, S120) eine verbleibende Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen des Partikelfilters (4) überwacht, welche auf Grundlage der zumindest einen durch die Erfassungseinrichtung (S60) erfassten physikalischen Größe bestimmt wird, und den Regenerationsbetrieb der Regenerationseinrichtung (S50) stoppt, wenn die überwachte verbleibende Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen des Partikelfilters (4) gleich wie oder kleiner als ein Bezugswert ist, der zum Bestimmen der Vollendung der Regeneration des Partikelfilters (4) verwendet wird,
    wobei die Stoppeinrichtung (S70, S80, S120) den Regenerationsbetrieb der Regenerationseinrichtung (S50) zwingend stoppt, wenn die verstrichene Zeit ungeachtet der überwachten verbleibenden Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen des Partikelfilters (4) das Ende der maximalen Betriebszeitspanne erreicht.
  2. Regenerationssystem gemäß Anspruch 1, ferner gekennzeichnet durch:
    eine Fehlerdiagnoseeinrichtung (S20) zum Diagnostizieren eines Fehlers von zumindest einer von der Schätzeinrichtung (S30), der Einstelleinrichtung (S30), der Erfassungseinrichtung (S60), der Regenerationseinrichtung (S50) und der Stoppeinrichtung (S80, S100, S120); und
    eine Speichereinrichtung (6) zum Speichern der Fehlerinformation, wenn der Fehler von irgendeiner der zumindest einen von der Schätzeinrichtung (S30), der Einstelleinrichtung (S30), der Erfassungseinrichtung (S60), der Regenerationseinrichtung (S50) und der Stoppeinrichtung (S80, S100, S120) durch die Fehlerdiagnoseeinrichtung (S20) erfasst wurde, wobei
    die Fehlerinformation für den erfassten Fehler anzeigend ist; und
    die Stoppeinrichtung (S80, S100, S120) den Regenerationsbetrieb der Regenerationseinrichtung (S50) stoppt, wenn die Fehlerinformation in der Speichereinrichtung (6) vorhanden ist.
  3. Regenerationssystem gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der zumindest eine geschätzte Wert der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe, der durch die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) geschätzt wird, eine Vielzahl von geschätzten Werten der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe aufweist,
    die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) die Vielzahl von geschätzten Werten der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe durch eine Vielzahl von jeweiligen Verfahren abschätzt; und
    die Einstelleinrichtung (S30) die maximale Betriebszeitspanne des Regenerationsbetriebs auf Grundlage der Vielzahl von geschätzten Werten der Menge angesammelter Schwebstoffe einstellt.
  4. Regenerationssystem gemäß Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Einstelleinrichtung (S30) die maximale Betriebszeitspanne des Regenerationsbetriebs auf Grundlage eines maximalen Werts der Vielzahl von geschätzten Werten der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe einstellt.
  5. Regenerationssystem gemäß Anspruch 3 oder 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Vielzahl von geschätzten Werten der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe, die durch die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) geschätzt werden, zumindest zwei der folgenden aufweisen:
    einen Schätzwert der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe, der durch die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) auf Grundlage eines Druckunterschieds zwischen einem Einlass (4a) des Partikelfilters (4) und einem Auslass (4b) des Partikelfilters (4) geschätzt wird;
    einen Schätzwert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der durch die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) auf Grundlage eines Gewichts des Partikelfilters (4) geschätzt wird;
    einen Schätzwert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der durch die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) auf Grundlage der verstrichenen Betriebszeit der Dieselkraftmaschine geschätzt wird, die seit einem Ende eines vorangegangenen erzwungenen Regenerationsbetriebs des Partikelfilters (4) gemessen wurde;
    einen Schätzwert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der durch die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) auf Grundlage der Fahrstrecke des Fahrzeugs geschätzt wird, die seit dem Ende des vorangegangenen Regenerationsbetriebs des Partikelfilters (4) gemessen wurde; und
    einen Schätzwert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der durch die Schätzeinrichtung (S30) auf Grundlage einer Gesamtmenge von eingespritztem Kraftstoff geschätzt wird, die seit dem Ende des vorangegangenen Regenerationsbetriebs des Partikelfilters (4) gemessen wurde.
  6. Regenerationssystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, ferner gekennzeichnet durch eine Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung (S50) zum Steuern einer Drehzahl der Dieselkraftmaschine, wobei die Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung (S50) die Drehzahl der Dieselkraftmaschine über eine zum Zeitpunkt der Initiierung des gegenwärtigen Regenerationsbetriebs startende vorbestimmte Zeitspanne höher als eine normale Leerlaufdrehzahl der Dieselkraftmaschine hält.
  7. Regenerationssystem gemäß Anspruch 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die vorbestimmte Zeitspanne endet, wenn die Verbrennung des zugeführten Kraftstoffs, der zu dem Partikelfilter (4) zugeführt wurde, bestätigt ist.
  8. Regenerationssystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung (S50) die Drehzahl der Dieselkraftmaschine nach dem Verstreichen der vorbestimmten Zeitspanne auf eine minimale Leerlaufdrehzahl reduziert, die zum Beibehalten des Leerlaufs der Dieselkraftmaschine erforderlich ist.
  9. Regenerationssystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung (S50) die Drehzahl der Dieselkraftmaschine in einer solchen Weise steuert, dass über den Regenerationsbetrieb der Regenerationseinrichtung (S50) hinweg die einzelne Kraftstoffeinspritzung in der Dieselkraftmaschine pro Verbrennungstakt der Dieselkraftmaschine durchgeführt wird.
  10. Regenerationsverfahren zum Regenerieren eines Partikelfilters (4) einer in einem Fahrzeug installierten Dieselkraftmaschine, wobei das Regenerationsverfahren folgendes aufweist:
    Erhalten zumindest eines geschätzten Werts einer Menge von vor der Initiierung eines erzwungenen Regenerationsbetriebs des Partikelfilters (4) an dem Partikelfilter (4) angesammelten Schwebstoffen;
    Einstellen einer maximalen Betriebszeitspanne des Regenerationsbetriebs auf Grundlage von zumindest einem geschätzten Wert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen;
    Regenerieren des Partikelfilters (4) in dem Regenerationsbetrieb durch Durchführen einer Kraftstoffnacheinspritzung in der Dieselkraftmaschine während jedem Auslasstakt der Dieselkraftmaschine, um zu dem Partikelfilter (4) Kraftstoff zuzuführen und dadurch durch Verwendung der Verbrennungswärme des zugeführten Kraftstoffs nach Verbrennung des zugeführten Kraftstoffs die Schwebstoffe von dem Partikelfilter (4) zu beseitigen;
    Überwachen der verstrichenen Zeit, die seit der Initiierung des gegenwärtigen Regenerationsbetriebs gemessen wird; gekennzeichnet durch
    Überwachen einer verbleibenden Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen des Partikelfilters (4) und Stoppen des Regenerationsbetriebs, wenn die verbleibende Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen des Partikelfilters (4) gleich wie oder kleiner als ein Referenzwert ist, der zum Bestimmen der Vollendung der Regeneration des Partikelfilters (4) verwendet wird,
    wobei der Regenerationsbetrieb zwangsgestoppt wird, wenn die verstrichene Zeit ungeachtet der überwachten verbleibenden Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen des Partikelfilters (4) das Ende der maximalen Betriebszeitspanne erreicht.
  11. Regenerationsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 10, ferner gekennzeichnet durch
    Diagnostizieren eines Fehlers von zumindest einer Komponente eines Regenerationssystems; und
    Speichern einer Fehlerinformation in einer Speichereinrichtung (6), wenn der Fehler in der Fehlerdiagnose erfasst wurde, wobei
    die Fehlerinformation für den erfassten Fehler anzeigend ist, und
    das Stoppen des Regenerationsbetriebs das Stoppen des Regenerationsbetriebs beinhaltet, wenn die Fehlerinformation in der Speichereinrichtung (6) vorhanden ist.
  12. Regenerationsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Erhalten des zumindest einen geschätzten Werts der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe das Erhalten einer Vielzahl von geschätzten Werten der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe durch eine Vielzahl von jeweiligen Verfahren aufweist, und
    das Einstellen der maximalen Betriebszeitspanne das Einstellen der maximalen Betriebszeitspanne auf Grundlage der Vielzahl der geschätzten Werte der angesammelten Schwebstoffe aufweist.
  13. Regenerationsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Einstellen der maximalen Betriebszeitspanne das Einstellen der maximalen Betriebszeitspanne auf Grundlage eines maximalen Werts der Vielzahl von geschätzten Werten der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe beinhaltet.
  14. Regenerationsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Erhalten der Vielzahl von geschätzten Werten der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffe das Erhalten von zumindest zwei der folgenden aufweist:
    einen geschätzten Wert der Menge der angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der auf Grundlage eines Druckunterschieds zwischen einem Einlass (4a) des Partikelfilters (4) und einem Auslass (4b) des Partikelfilters (4) geschätzt wird;
    einen geschätzten Wert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der auf Grundlage eines Gewichts des Partikelfilters (4) geschätzt wird;
    einen geschätzten Wert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der auf Grundlage einer verstrichenen Betriebszeit der Dieselkraftmaschine geschätzt wird, die seit einem Ende eines vorangehenden erzwungenen Regenerationsbetriebs des Partikelfilters (4) gemessen wurde; und
    einen geschätzten Wert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der auf Grundlage einer Fahrstrecke des Fahrzeugs geschätzt wird, die seit dem Ende des vorangegangenen Regenerationsbetriebs des Partikelfilters (4) gemessen wurde; und
    einen geschätzten Wert der Menge von angesammelten Schwebstoffen, der auf Grundlage einer Gesamtmenge von eingespritztem Kraftstoff geschätzt wird, die seit dem Ende des vorangehenden Regenerationsbetriebs des Partikelfilters (4) gemessen wurde.
  15. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Regeneration des Partikelfilters (4) das Beibehalten einer Drehzahl der Dieselkraftmaschine bei einem höheren Wert als einer normalen Leerlaufdrehzahl der Kraftmaschine über eine vorbestimmte Zeitspanne hinweg beinhaltet, die zu einer Zeit der Initiierung des gegenwärtigen Regenerationsbetriebs startet.
  16. Regenerationsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 15,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die vorbestimmte Zeitspanne endet, wenn die Verbrennung des zugeführten Kraftstoffs, der zu dem Partikelfilter (4) zugeführt wird, bestätigt ist.
  17. Regenerationsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Regeneration des Partikelfilters (4) das Korrigieren der Drehzahl der Dieselkraftmaschine nach dem Verstreichen der vorbestimmten Zeitspanne auf eine zum Beibehalten des Leerlaufs der Dieselkraftmaschine erforderliche minimale Leerlaufdrehzahl beinhaltet.
  18. Regenerationsverfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Regeneration des Partikelfilters (4) das Durchführen einer einzigen Kraftstoffeinspritzung in die Dieselkraftmaschine pro Verbrennungstakt der Dieselkraftmaschine über eine Gesamtzeitspanne der Regeneration des Partikelfilters (4) hinweg aufweist.
EP05007108A 2004-03-31 2005-03-31 System und Verfahren zur Regeneration eines Partikelfilters Active EP1582714B1 (de)

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JP2005291036A (ja) 2005-10-20

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