EP1566868B1 - Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions et dispositif d'allumage pour dispositif dérivateur de surtensions - Google Patents

Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions et dispositif d'allumage pour dispositif dérivateur de surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1566868B1
EP1566868B1 EP05003261A EP05003261A EP1566868B1 EP 1566868 B1 EP1566868 B1 EP 1566868B1 EP 05003261 A EP05003261 A EP 05003261A EP 05003261 A EP05003261 A EP 05003261A EP 1566868 B1 EP1566868 B1 EP 1566868B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
overvoltage protection
electrodes
ignition element
element according
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Application number
EP05003261A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1566868A3 (fr
EP1566868A2 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Dipl.-Ing. Durth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1566868A2 publication Critical patent/EP1566868A2/fr
Publication of EP1566868A3 publication Critical patent/EP1566868A3/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection element for deriving transient overvoltages, comprising at least two electrodes, with at least one ignition element of insulating material arranged between the electrodes and an air breakdown spark gap which acts between the electrodes, wherein the air breakdown spark gap between the two electrodes create an arc.
  • the invention also relates to an ignition element for use in an overvoltage protection element, wherein the ignition element is arranged and designed such that a region of weakened insulation (ignition region) is provided between the two electrodes.
  • Electrical, but especially electronic measuring, control, regulating and switching circuits are sensitive to transient overvoltages, as may occur in particular by atmospheric discharges, but also by switching operations or short circuits in power grids.
  • This sensitivity has increased as electronic components, in particular transistors and thyristors, are used; above all, increasingly used integrated circuits are to a great extent endangered by transient overvoltages.
  • Overvoltages can significantly damage electrical and electronic equipment and systems. The damage is not limited to industrial and commercial plants. Also the building technology, up to the devices of the daily use in the private household, like kitchen devices, telephone system, television sets and hi-fi systems as well as computers are affected. Without effective protection against overvoltages, high costs for repair or new acquisition of the affected systems and equipment can be expected.
  • Overvoltages are all voltages that are above the upper tolerance limit of the rated voltage. These include in particular, the transient overvoltages, which can occur due to atmospheric discharges, but also by switching operations or short circuits in power supply networks and galvanically, inductively or capacitively coupled into electrical circuits.
  • overvoltage protection element or overvoltage protection devices have been developed and known for more than twenty years.
  • An essential part of overvoltage protection elements of the type in question here is at least one spark gap, which responds at a certain overvoltage, the response, and thus prevents that in the protected by an overvoltage protection circuit overvoltages occur that are greater than the operating voltage of the spark gap.
  • the GB 545 677 A discloses an overvoltage protection element having two electrodes and a very thin layer of dielectric material disposed between the electrodes and coated on an electrode. When an overvoltage occurs, it comes to a large number of discharges between the two electrodes through the pores of the layer, so that a large surge current carrying capacity is given.
  • the overvoltage protection element according to the invention has two electrodes and an air-breakdown spark gap existing between the two electrodes.
  • air breakdown spark gap is generally a breakdown spark gap meant; So it should also be a breakdown spark gap, in which not air, but another gas between the electrodes is present.
  • overvoltage protection elements with an air breakdown spark gap there are overvoltage protection elements with an air flashover spark gap, in which a sliding discharge occurs when responding.
  • Overvoltage protection elements with an air breakdown spark gap have over overvoltage protection elements with an air flashover spark gap the advantage of a higher surge current carrying capacity, but the disadvantage of a higher - and not very constant - Anschschreib. Therefore, various overvoltage protection elements have been proposed with an air breakdown spark gap, which have been improved with respect to the response voltage.
  • ignition aids have been realized in various ways in the region of the electrodes or the effective between the electrodes air breakdown spark gap, z. B. such that between the electrodes at least one of a sliding discharge triggering ignition aid has been provided, which at least partially protrudes into the air breakdown spark gap, is web-like and made of plastic (see. DE 41 41 681 A1 . DE 42 44 051 A1 or DE 44 02 615 A1 ).
  • the spark gap and the two ignition electrodes are arranged with respect to the two main electrodes such that the fact that the spark gap has addressed, the air breakdown spark gap between the two main electrodes responds.
  • the response of the Zündschnkenstrekke leads to an ionization of existing in the air breakdown spark gap air, so that - abruptly - after response of the spark gap then the air breakdown spark gap between the two main electrodes responds.
  • the ignition aids lead to an improved, namely lower and more constant response voltage.
  • a disadvantage of an active ignition aid is that an additional ignition circuit with an ignition switching element required to realize a response of the spark gap.
  • the Zündfunkenstrec-ke or the ignition circuit with the ignition switch are destroyed by the lightning current or the usually occurring Netz mergestrom.
  • an overvoltage protection element according to the preamble of claim 1 is made DE-A-4244051 known.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a Studentsnapsssehutzelement of the type described above, in which in a particularly simple and effective manner a relatively low and constant as possible operating voltage can be guaranteed.
  • the ignition element used for this purpose should be as simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the overvoltage protection element according to the invention in which the object indicated above is achieved, is now initially and essentially characterized in that when a voltage is applied to the ignition element, a discharge on the surface of the ignition element leads to a conductive connection between the two electrodes, wherein the conductive Compound has a low current carrying capacity, so that it is at a load of this conductive connection with a leakage current due to the low current carrying capacity of the conductive connection to a "burning" of the conductive connection comes.
  • the ignition element is chosen or dimensioned such that when a voltage greater than the operating voltage of the overvoltage protection element is applied, a sliding discharge occurs on the surface of the ignition element which leads to a conductive connection between the two electrodes adjacent to the ignition element. If this conductive connection is loaded with a leakage current, then due to the low current-carrying capacity of the conductive connection, the conductive connection will "burn up”. By this "burning" of the ignition is ionized, so that it comes - suddenly - to ignite the air breakdown spark gap between the two electrodes.
  • the overvoltage protection element according to the invention differs significantly from the known overvoltage protection elements. From the prior art (see. 198 56 939 A1 Although it is known to arrange an element made of insulating material between the two electrodes, this element, however, in accordance with its function as a service holder, consists of an insulating material which permanently ensures the desired insulation between the two electrodes even in the case of a pending arc.
  • an overvoltage protection element is also known in which an ignition element made of insulating material is arranged between the two electrodes, in this known overvoltage protection element the ignition of the air breakdown spark gap is effected only by a sliding discharge occurring at the ignition element.
  • the known overvoltage protection element is characterized by the arrangement of the ignition element thus realizes an auxiliary air flashover spark gap between the two electrodes; a conductive connection between the two electrodes via the ignition element, however, is not provided.
  • the above-described arrangement and design of the ignition element can preferably take place in that the region of weakened insulation (ignition region) is realized by a recess in the ignition element.
  • this recess may simply be a hole made in the ignition element, in which case the ignition region is completely surrounded by the ignition element.
  • the material used for the ignition element may preferably be a plastic with a relatively low CTI value (Comperative Trecking Index).
  • CTI value Comperative Trecking Index
  • plastics for example POM, are used with the highest possible CTI value.
  • the ignition element is arranged and designed such that when an arc occurs between the electrodes, a charring of the surface of the ignition element occurs. This ensures that when a renewed occurrence of an overvoltage the initial conditions of a conductive, low current carrying connection between the two electrodes on the surface of the ignition element are present again, so that it again to an initial ignition of the air-Durzzi spark gap and a "burning" the conductive connection and thus leads to an ionization of the ignition range.
  • an overvoltage protection element is provided which has a constant response with a low response voltage even if there are several overvoltages that occur in succession.
  • a conductive, low current carrying coating is applied on the surface of the ignition element according to a preferred embodiment. This ensures a conductive connection between the two electrodes, which is independent of the charring which occurs due to the discharge on the surface of the ignition element.
  • the coating can be realized, for example, by a chemical, thermal or electrothermal charring of the surface of the ignition element in the manufacture of the overvoltage protection element.
  • the voltage protection element is advantageously connected in series with the overvoltage protection element.
  • a voltage switching element can be provided in particular a gas-filled surge arrester, a varistor or a suppressor diode.
  • the voltage switching element is selected or dimensioned so that it becomes conductive at the response voltage of the overvoltage protection device, ie "switches".
  • the overvoltage is applied to the overvoltage protection element or to the two electrodes, which then leads to the ignition of the air breakdown spark gap previously described in detail by the initial ignition triggered by the ignition element.
  • the ignition element described above which is provided for use in the above-described overvoltage protection element, is characterized particularly simple and inexpensive to produce, that the ignition element consists of at least two electrically conductive layers and at least one interposed insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer by gluing or Press with the electrical conductive Layers is connected and has a range of weak insulation (ignition).
  • the production of the ignition element according to the invention can be carried out according to the known manufacturing processes for multilayer printed circuit boards (multilayer printed circuit boards), which largely known materials, ie copper foils for the electrically conductive layers and polyimide films or FR4 films for the insulating layer can be used ,
  • electrically conductive layers or foils in particular of copper foils and of insulating foils, for example polyimide foils, makes it possible to produce very small distances between the conductive layers with very narrow dimensional tolerances.
  • the electrically conductive layers are so far apart or insulated by the insulating layer from each other so that the electrical insulation is well above the expected in the worst case response of the overvoltage protection element.
  • copper foils or polyimide foils or FR4 foils with standard available thicknesses of 35 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m can be used both for the electrically conductive layers and for the insulating layer.
  • other metallic foils or electrically conductive plastic films can be used instead of copper foils.
  • the region of weakened insulation (ignition region) in the insulating layer in which both the initial ignition and the actual ignition of the air breakdown spark gap takes place, can simply pass through a recess or hole in the insulating layer and optionally in one or both be realized electrically conductive layers.
  • a hole which is formed both in the insulating layer and in the two conductive layers can be produced, for example, simply by a corresponding hole after lamination of the individual layers.
  • an inventive overvoltage protection element is shown only in terms of its basic structure.
  • the illustrated overvoltage protection element includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, an ignition element 3 arranged between the two electrodes 1 and 2, and an air-breakdown spark gap 4 existing between the two electrodes 1 and 2.
  • Shock spark gap 4 is formed between the two electrodes 1 and 2 - not shown - arc over which the lightning current to be derived flows.
  • the ignition element 3 is now arranged so that between the two electrodes 1 and 2, a region of weakened insulation (ignition area) is formed, in which the arc is formed when igniting the air breakdown spark gap 4.
  • the ignition element 3 is formed so that when a voltage applied to the ignition element 3, a discharge on the surface 5 of the ignition element 3 leads to a conductive connection between the two electrodes 1 and 2, wherein the conductive connection has only a low current carrying capacity. If a leakage current then begins to flow via this conductive connection, due to the low current carrying capacity of the conductive connection, the conductive connection will burn up and thus ionize the ignition region, which leads to a sudden ignition of the air breakdown spark gap 4.
  • the resulting during ignition of the air breakdown spark gap 4 arc ensures at a suitable dimensioning of the ignition element 3 that it comes to a "charring" on the surface 5 of the ignition element 3. This ensures that, in the event of a renewed occurrence of an overvoltage, there is again a conductive, low-current-carrying connection between the two electrodes 1 and 2, which in turn causes a burn-up and thus an initial ignition of the air-breakdown spark gap 4 during a load with a leakage current and thus leads to an ignition of the overvoltage protection element.
  • an additional voltage switching element 6 for example, a varistor and / or a gas-filled surge arrester connected in series.
  • the voltage switching element 6 is dimensioned so that it becomes conductive at the response voltage of the overvoltage protection device.
  • the overvoltage protection device If an overvoltage occurs at the overvoltage protection device, this leads to a switching of the voltage switching element 6, so that then the overvoltage is applied to the two electrodes 1 and 2, resulting in the previously described ignition of the air breakdown spark gap 4 by the current ignition triggered initial ignition of the ignition element 3 leads.
  • the voltage switching element 6 prevents, in the normal case, ie when no overvoltage is applied, a - then unwanted - current flows through the overvoltage protection element.
  • ignition element 3 consists of two conductive layers 7, 8 and an insulating layer 9 arranged therebetween, wherein the region of weakened insulation is realized by a recess 10 in the insulating layer 9.
  • the recess for example, according to the Fig. 1 and 3 can be formed as a central hole can be easily prepared by drilling or milling. It can - as this is a comparison of Fig. 2 and 4 shows - the recess 10 may be formed either only in a conductive layer 7 or in both conductive layers 7, 8.
  • the production of the ignition element 3 according to the invention is now particularly simple in that the known from the production of multilayer printed circuit boards (multilayer printed circuit boards) manufacturing processes can be applied.
  • the conductive layers 7, 8, which may be, for example, standardized copper foils, be connected to the insulating layer 9 by lamination.
  • the materials known from the production of multilayer circuit boards such as polyimide films or FR-4 films, with their default available thicknesses of 35 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the insulating layer 9 has a slightly larger outer diameter than the conductive layers 7, 8, so that at the edge region 11 of the ignition element 3 is given by an extended creepage increased insulation, whereby ignition in this area is prevented.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a firing element 3, which has a plurality of conductive layers 7, 8 and a plurality of insulating layers 9.
  • the three conductive layers 7, 7 'and 7 "and the three conductive layers 8, 8' and 8" are electrically connected to each other, so that although a total of six conductive layers 7, 7 ', 7 “and 8, 8 ', 8 "are present, but these have only two different potentials, wherein the two potentials are arranged alternately to each other and each separated by an insulating layer 9.
  • the six conductive layers shown even more conductive Layers can be arranged alternately with two different potentials.
  • the ignition element 3 has a plurality of conductive layers 7, 7 ', 8, 8' and a plurality of insulating layers 9, wherein the conductive layers 7, 7 'and 8, 8' are electrically connected to each other so that only two different potentials are present here ,
  • the two different potentials are not arranged several times alternately.
  • the advantage of this embodiment compared to the embodiment according to Fig. 2 is that after the ignition of the air breakdown spark gap 4, the arc jumps directly on the outer conductive layers 7, 8, so that a larger arc is present.
  • FIG. 7 and 8th two embodiments of an ignition element 3 with three horizontally one above the other ( Fig. 7 ) or four horizontally juxtaposed potentials ( Fig. 8 ).
  • Such ignition elements 3 are thus suitable for use in an overvoltage protection element which is used in a three-phase network.
  • a third conductive layer 13 is provided, which is separated from the second conductive layer 8 by a second insulating layer 14, so that the three conductive layers 7, 8, 13 have three different potentials.
  • conductive layers 8, 13, 15 and 16 are provided, which are each not electrically connected to each other.
  • the conductive layers 8, 13, 15 and 16 are each formed in a segment of a circle and arranged side by side, wherein the circular conductive layer 7 is arranged opposite to all.
  • initial firing of the respective air breakdown spark gap 4 occurs, due to the arrangement of the individual conductive layers 8, 13 , 15 and 16 to each other or to the conductive layer 7 ignition of all air breakdown spark gap 4 takes place.
  • the desired level of protection is ensured not only between the active phase conductors (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N) or between the neutral conductor (N) and the ground (PE) but between all line branches.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Élément de protection contre les surtensions pour dériver les surtensions transitoires, comprenant au moins deux électrodes (1, 2), comprenant au moins un élément d'amorçage (3) en matériau isolant disposé entre les électrodes (1, 2) et comprenant une distance de décharge à claquage dans l'air (4) agissant entre les électrodes (1, 2), un arc électrique se formant entre les deux électrodes (1, 2) lors de l'amorçage de la distance de décharge à claquage dans l'air (4) et l'élément d'amorçage (3) étant disposé et configuré de telle sorte qu'une zone d'isolation affaiblie, c'est-à-dire une zone d'amorçage, est prévue entre les deux électrodes (1, 2),
    caractérisé en ce
    que lors de l'application d'une tension à l'élément d'amorçage (3), une décharge au niveau de la surface (5) de l'élément d'amorçage (3) provoque une liaison conductrice entre les deux électrodes (1, 2), la liaison conductrice présentant une faible capacité de charge de courant,
    de sorte qu'en cas de sollicitation de cette liaison conductrice avec un courant de décharge, il se produit une « combustion » de la liaison conductrice en raison de la faible capacité de charge de courant de la liaison conductrice.
  2. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la zone d'isolation affaiblie est réalisée par un évidement (10) dans l'élément d'amorçage (3).
  3. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'amorçage (3) est constitué de matière plastique ou d'un autre matériau isolant ayant une valeur CTI relativement faible.
  4. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la liaison conductrice ne se produit que sur la surface (5) de l'élément d'amorçage (3).
  5. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'amorçage (3) est disposé et configuré de telle sorte que lorsqu'un arc électrique est provoqué entre les électrodes (1, 2), il se produit une « carbonisation » de la surface (5) de l'élément d'amorçage (3).
  6. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un revêtement conducteur à faible capacité de charge de courant est appliqué sur la surface (5) de l'élément d'amorçage (3).
  7. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement est réalisé par une carbonisation chimique, thermique ou électrothermique.
  8. Élément d'amorçage destiné à être utilisé avec un élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'élément d'amorçage (3) se compose d'au moins deux couches électriquement conductrice (7, 8) et au moins une couche isolante (9) disposée entre celles-ci, la couche isolante (9) étant reliée avec les couches électriquement conductrices (7, 8) par collage ou pressage et présentant une zone d'isolation affaiblie (5), c'est-à-dire une zone d'amorçage.
  9. Élément d'amorçage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la zone d'isolation affaiblie est réalisée par un évidement (10) ou un trou dans la couche isolante (9) et éventuellement en plus dans la couche électriquement conductrice (7) ou dans les couches électriquement conductrices (7, 8), notamment pat perçage ou fraisage.
  10. Élément d'amorçage selon la revendication 8 ou 9, comprenant au moins trois couches électriquement conductrices (7, 7', 8, 8') et au moins deux couches isolantes (9), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux couches électriquement conductrices (7, 7', 8, 8') sont reliées électriquement entre elles.
  11. Élément d'amorçage selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les couches électriquement conductrices (7, 8) utilisées sont des films en cuivre et la couche isolante (9) est un film en polyamide ou un film FR4.
  12. Élément d'amorçage selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que des composants conducteurs, par exemple des fibres ou des particules métalliques, sont incorporés de manière isolée dans la couche isolante (9).
  13. Élément d'amorçage selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les couches électriquement conductrices (7, 8) et/ou la couche isolante (9) présentent une épaisseur inférieure à 0,2 mm, de préférence de 35 µm à 70 µm.
EP05003261A 2004-02-23 2005-02-16 Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions et dispositif d'allumage pour dispositif dérivateur de surtensions Active EP1566868B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004009072A DE102004009072A1 (de) 2004-02-23 2004-02-23 Überspannungsschutzelement und Zündelement für ein Überspannungsschutzelement
DE102004009072 2004-02-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1566868A2 EP1566868A2 (fr) 2005-08-24
EP1566868A3 EP1566868A3 (fr) 2007-05-16
EP1566868B1 true EP1566868B1 (fr) 2009-12-09

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EP05003261A Active EP1566868B1 (fr) 2004-02-23 2005-02-16 Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions et dispositif d'allumage pour dispositif dérivateur de surtensions

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Country Link
US (1) US7817395B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1566868B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1674375B (fr)
DE (2) DE102004009072A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2337695T3 (fr)

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DE102014210516C5 (de) * 2014-06-03 2020-03-26 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Funkenstrecke
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US11862967B2 (en) 2021-09-13 2024-01-02 Raycap, S.A. Surge protective device assembly modules
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DE4141681C2 (de) * 1991-12-17 1996-11-14 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzelement
DE4244051C2 (de) * 1992-12-28 1996-03-14 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzelement
DE4402615C3 (de) * 1993-05-31 2000-01-05 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzelement
JP2888754B2 (ja) * 1993-05-31 1999-05-10 フェニックス、コンタクト、ゲゼルシャフト、ミット、ベシュレンクテル、ハフツング、ウント、コンパニー 過電圧保護装置
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013225835A1 (de) 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Reihenfunkenstrecke
WO2015086248A1 (fr) 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co.Kg Éclateur en série
DE102013225835B4 (de) 2013-12-13 2022-10-06 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Reihenfunkenstrecke

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502005008658D1 (de) 2010-01-21
DE102004009072A1 (de) 2005-09-08
CN1674375B (zh) 2011-12-21
EP1566868A3 (fr) 2007-05-16
EP1566868A2 (fr) 2005-08-24
US20050185356A1 (en) 2005-08-25
CN1674375A (zh) 2005-09-28
US7817395B2 (en) 2010-10-19
ES2337695T3 (es) 2010-04-28

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