EP1456921B1 - Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1456921B1
EP1456921B1 EP02798338A EP02798338A EP1456921B1 EP 1456921 B1 EP1456921 B1 EP 1456921B1 EP 02798338 A EP02798338 A EP 02798338A EP 02798338 A EP02798338 A EP 02798338A EP 1456921 B1 EP1456921 B1 EP 1456921B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
overvoltage protection
protection device
spark gap
impedance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02798338A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1456921A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Birkholz
Rainer Durth
Martin Wetter
Joachim Wosgien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10212697A external-priority patent/DE10212697A1/de
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1456921A1 publication Critical patent/EP1456921A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1456921B1 publication Critical patent/EP1456921B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Studentsnapssschutzeinriehtung, with a first electrode, with a second electrode, with a between the two electrodes existing or effective air-flashover spark gap and with a housing receiving the electrodes, wherein upon ignition of the air breakdown spark gap between the both electrodes create an arc.
  • Electrical, but especially electronic measuring, control, regulating and switching circuits are sensitive to transient overvoltages, as may occur in particular by atmospheric discharges, but also by switching operations or short circuits in power grids.
  • This sensitivity has increased as electronic components, in particular transistors and thyristors, are used; above all, increasingly used integrated circuits are to a great extent endangered by transient overvoltages.
  • Overvoltages are all voltages that are above the upper tolerance limit of the rated voltage. These include, above all, the transient overvoltages that can occur due to atmospheric discharges, but also through switching operations or short circuits in power supply networks and galvanically, inductively or capacitively coupled into electrical circuits, To order now electrical or electronic circuits, in particular electronic measuring, Control, regulating and switching circuits, especially telecommunications equipment and installations, wherever they are used to protect against transient overvoltages, overvoltage protection devices have been developed and known for more than twenty years.
  • An essential part of overvoltage protection device of the type in question here is at least one spark gap that responds at a certain overvoltage, the Anschschreib, and thus prevents that occur in the protected by an overvoltage protection circuit surges that are greater than the operating voltage of the spark gap.
  • the overvoltage protection device has two electrodes and an air-breakdown spark gap existing between the two electrodes.
  • air breakdown spark gap is generally meant a breakdown spark gap; So it should also be a breakdown spark gap, in which not air, but another gas between the electrodes is present.
  • overvoltage protection devices with an air breakdown spark gap there are overvoltage protection devices with an air flashover spark gap, in which a sliding discharge occurs when responding.
  • Overvoltage protection devices with an air breakdown spark gap have the advantage over surge protective devices with an air flashover spark gap the advantage of a higher surge current carrying capacity, but the disadvantage of a higher - and not very constant - Anschschreib. Therefore, various overvoltage protection devices have been proposed with an air breakdown spark gap, which have been improved in terms of the response voltage.
  • ignition aids have been realized in various ways in the region of the electrodes or the effective between the electrodes air breakdown spark gap, z. B. such that between the electrodes at least one sliding discharge triggering ignition aid has been provided, which at least partially protrudes into the air breakdown spark gap, is web-like and made of plastic (see, for example, the German patents 41 41 681 or 44 02 615 ).
  • ignition aids can be called as “passive ignition aids", so called “passive ignition aids” because they are not even “active” but respond only by an overvoltage that occurs at the main electrodes.
  • the spark gap and the two ignition electrodes are arranged with respect to the two main electrodes such that the fact that the spark gap has addressed, the air breakdown spark gap between the two main electrodes, called main spark gap responds.
  • the response of the spark gap leads to an ionization of existing in the air breakdown spark gap air, so that - abruptly - after triggering the spark gap then the air breakdown spark gap between the two main electrodes, so the main spark gap responds.
  • the starting aids lead to an improved, namely lower and more constant response voltage.
  • overvoltage protection devices of the type in question - with or without the use of an ignition aid - arises when igniting the air breakdown spark gap by the resulting arc a mitimpedante connection between the two electrodes.
  • the lightning current to be diverted flows intentionally via this low-impedance connection.
  • this low-impedance connection then follows the overvoltage protection device an undesirable net follower, so that one endeavors to extinguish the arc as quickly as possible after completion of the discharge process.
  • One way to achieve this goal is to increase the arc length and thus the arc voltage.
  • German Patent Application 44 02 615 One way to erase the arc after the dissipation process, namely to increase the arc length and thus the arc voltage is in the overvoltage protection device, as is known from German Patent Application 44 02 615, realized.
  • the well-known from German Patent Application 44 02 615 overvoltage protection device has two narrow electrodes, which are each formed angularly and each having a sparking horn and one of them angled terminal leg.
  • the spark horns of the electrodes are provided in their adjacent to the terminal legs areas with a bore.
  • the holes provided in the spark horns of the electrodes ensure that at the moment of the response of the overvoltage protection element, ie the ignition, the resulting arc is "set in motion" by a thermal pressure effect, ie moves away from its point of origin. Since the spark horns of the electrodes are arranged V-shaped relative to one another, the distance to be bridged by the arc is thus increased as the arc moves out, as a result of which the arc voltage also increases.
  • the disadvantage here however, that in order to achieve the desired increase in the arc length, the geometric dimensions of the electrodes must be correspondingly large, so that the overall overvoltage protection device is bound to certain geometry specifications.
  • the low-impedance connection between the two electrodes is first interrupted, the space between the two electrodes, ie. H. however, the area of the air breakdown spark gap is still almost completely filled with plasma. Due to the existing plasma, however, the response voltage between the two electrodes is so reduced that it can come to a renewed ignition of the air breakdown spark gap already at operating voltage. This problem occurs especially when the overvoltage protection device has an enclosed or semi-open housing, because then cooling or volatilization of the plasma is prevented by the substantially closed housing.
  • a circuit arrangement for the protection of electrical installations against overvoltages which consists of at least one varistor and a spark gap.
  • the known circuit arrangement has thereby a compact design, that the spark gap is formed by two means of a spacer made of insulating material from each other at a distance held electrode plates, wherein an electrode plate a disc-shaped varistor is placed directly contacting.
  • the spark gap and the varistor are connected in series with each other, while according to another embodiment, a parallel circuit of spark gap and varistor is provided.
  • the invention is an object of the invention to provide a Matterspannmigsschutz adopted of the type described above, which is characterized by a high Netzschstromlöschvon, but nevertheless can be easily realized constructively.
  • the overvoltage protection device in which the above-identified object is achieved, is now initially and essentially characterized in that the air breakdown spark gap, a resistor is connected in parallel and that the parallel circuit of air breakdown spark gap and resistor an isolation distance in series is switched.
  • the surge protective device As in the prior art, as well as the surge protective device according to the invention is usually parallel to the input of the circuit to be protected or the system to be protected or the device to be protected.
  • the - two-pole - overvoltage protection device is thus electrically, namely galvanically connected to the lines or connections, between which operationally the mains voltage is present.
  • the first line or the first terminal will also be described as live, while the second line or the second terminal will also be referred to as ground.
  • it is then assumed as a rule that the first electrode of the overvoltage device to the voltage-carrying line or the voltage-carrying terminal and the second electrode of the overvoltage device are connected to ground or are connected.
  • the connection of the overvoltage protection device according to the invention can be reversed and of course, the overvoltage protection device according to the invention can not only be used to protect circuits in which there is an AC voltage as the mains voltage, but rather the overvoltage protection device according to the invention readily applicable even when the mains voltage of the circuit to be protected is a DC voltage.
  • the resistance which is connected in parallel to the air breakdown spark gap, would mean that when concerns the rated voltage (mains voltage) of the electric circuit) to be protected by the overvoltage protection device, the overvoltage protection device would be conductive overall, as at mains voltage non-conductive air breakdown spark gap would be "shorted" by the parallel resistor.
  • the insulation gap is designed so that it is not conductive at nominal voltage, but becomes conductive when an overvoltage occurs.
  • the resistance parallel-connected air breakdown spark gap becomes conductive, d. H. It creates an arc between the two electrodes of the air breakdown spark gap. About the resulting low-impedance connection now flows to be deduced lightning current.
  • the undesired secondary sequence current would now flow via the low-impedance connection between the two electrodes. Due to the previous concern of the overvoltage, however, the insulation section has now become conductive as well. This now initially leads to the fact that the follow-on current splits to the parallel circuit of air breakdown spark gap and resistance. It then follows that only part of the reticule current flows over the air breakdown spark gap, thus reducing the arc current, which in turn leads to an increase in the impedance of the arc.
  • the resistor is arranged in the combustion chamber between the two electrodes.
  • the isolation path can be realized structurally particularly simply by providing a third electrode which is arranged between the first electrode and the resistor, so that a second air breakdown spark gap is formed between the first electrode and the third electrode Isolation distance works.
  • the isolation path is realized by a voltage switching element.
  • the voltage switching element is chosen or dimensioned so that it does not conduct at rated voltage, but at the operating voltage of the overvoltage protection device is conductive, so "turns".
  • a voltage switching element a varistor, a suppressor diode or a gas-filled arrester can be provided.
  • the resistor is made of a material which is electrically conductive and arc-resistant, so that it is not destroyed in an arc occurring in the overvoltage protection device.
  • the resistor is preferably made of a conductive plastic, a metallic material or a conductive ceramic.
  • the resistor may be for example be made of a POM-Teflon plastic, which receives the desired conductivity by a Rußzusatz.
  • Fig. 1 is a greatly simplified equivalent circuit diagram of a portion of the overvoltage protection device according to the invention.
  • each include a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and an existing between the two electrodes 1 and 2 or effective air breakdown spark gap 3.
  • the overvoltage protection device also has a - in Fig. 1 not shown - housing 4, in which the electrodes 1, 2 are arranged.
  • the overvoltage protection devices according to the invention applies, as for the overvoltage protection devices, from which the invention proceeds, that when igniting the air breakdown spark gap 3 between the two electrodes 1 and 2 a - only in Fig. 1 illustrated arc 5 is formed.
  • the two electrodes 1 and 2 and the air breakdown spark gap 3 a resistor 6 is connected in parallel, which is also disposed in the housing 4, and the parallel circuit 7 from air breakdown spark gap 3 and resistor 6, an insulation section 8 connected in series.
  • the resistor 9 is arranged in the combustion chamber 10 in the interior of the housing 4.
  • the insulation path 8 is realized by providing a third electrode 11 which is disposed between the first electrode 1 and the resistor 9, so that between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 11, a second air breakdown spark gap 12 exists or is effective, which acts as an insulation section 8.
  • both the air breakdown spark gap 3 and the insulation gap 8 and the second air breakdown spark gap 12 is conductive, by between the first Electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 - in the simplified operating principle according to Fig. 1 - or between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 11 and between the third electrode 11 and the second electrode 2 depending creates an arc.
  • the negative differential resistance of the arc causes a reduction in the current I L of the arc 5, the impedance of the arc 5 and the air breakdown spark gap 3 increases. If the impedance of the branch of the parallel circuit 7 formed by the air breakdown spark gap 3 now increases, this leads to the fact that the current I R across the resistor 6 increases with respect to the current I L of the electric arc 5. Thus, the proportion of the network follow current I F , which flows via the resistor 6 connected in parallel, increases. The resulting further reduction of the current I L of the arc 5 leads to a further increase in the impedance of the arc 5 or the air breakdown spark gap 3, until finally the arc 5 is completely extinguished. The resistor 6 limits the flowing current so strong that the insulation section 8 is deleted, which causes the overvoltage protection device is no longer conductive and thus the Netz Steinschreibstrom I F is extinguished.
  • the resistor 9 may consist of a conductive plastic, of a metallic material or of a conductive ceramic, wherein the resistor 9 is replaced by appropriate additives on the one hand the desired conductivity to the other the required arc resistance.
  • the distance between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 11 is smaller than the distance between the third electrode 11 and the second electrode 2, but the distances between the electrodes can also be chosen differently.
  • the two embodiments according to the two Fig. 2 and 3 differ now first in that in the execution of the overvoltage protection device according to Fig. 3 the third electrode 11 is electrically connected to an ignition switch element 13. With the help of the Zündschaltelements 13 then the third electrode 11 may be formed as a starting aid, wherein the third electrode 11 then together with the ignition switch 13 is an "active ignition aid", as in the post-published DE 101 46 728 is described.
  • FIG. 3 It can be seen that the space 14 between the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 11 is connected to the combustion chamber 10 between the third electrode 11 and the second electrode 2 through an opening 15.
  • the Ignition of an air breakdown spark gap 12, 3 favors when the other air breakdown spark gap 3, 12 has already ignited.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 two different, preferred geometric configurations of the resistor 9, wherein the resistor 9 according to the embodiment in FIG Fig. 2 as a substantially cylindrical block and the resistor 9 according to Fig. 3 is designed as a ring. This then results in an annular combustion chamber 10 or a cylindrical combustion chamber 10 '. Like both out Fig. 2 as well as out Fig. 3 can be seen, the corners or edges 16 of the resistor 9, which are in mechanical contact with the electrodes 2 and 11, rounded or bevelled. This creates a gap 17 between the resistor 9 and the electrode 2 or 11, by which the surface field strength is increased when an overvoltage occurs at the corners or edges 16 of the resistor 9.
  • the housing 4 which is preferably formed as a metallic pressure housing, an inner insulating housing 18, wherein in the embodiment according to Fig. 3 the third electrode 11 is connected to the metallic pressure housing 4.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Dispositif de protection de surtension, comprenant une première électrode (1), une seconde électrode (2), avec un tronçon de décharge dans l'air (3) existant entre les deux électrodes (1, 2) et efficace et un boîtier (4) recevant les électrodes (1, 2), un arc électrique (5) se formant entre les deux électrodes (1, 2) lors de l'allumage du tronçon de décharge dans l'air (3),
    caractérisé en ce que
    une résistance (6, 9) est montée en parallèle du tronçon de décharge dans l'air (3) et en ce qu'un tronçon d'isolation (8) est monté en série par rapport au circuit parallèle (7) constitué du tronçon de décharge dans l'air (3) et de la résistance (6, 9).
  2. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la résistance (9) est disposée dans l'espace de combustion (10) entre les deux électrodes (1, 2, 11).
  3. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu une troisième électrode (11), qui est disposée entre la première électrode (1) et la résistance (9), le tronçon d'isolation (8) étant réalisé par le second tronçon de décharge dans l'air (12) existant entre la première électrode (1) et la troisième électrode (11) et efficace.
  4. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la distance entre la première électrode (1) et la troisième électrode (11) est plus faible que la distance entre la troisième électrode (11) et la seconde électrode (2).
  5. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la valeur de résistance de la résistance (9) est dimensionnée par rapport à la tension nominale et au courant de suite de réseau escompté de telle sorte que l'arc électrique (5) est complètement supprimé par la répartition du courant de suite de réseau sur le circuit parallèle (7) constitué du tronçon de décharge dans l'air (3) et de la résistance (9).
  6. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la troisième électrode (11) est reliée de façon électro-conductrice à un élément de commutation d'allumage (13).
  7. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'espace de combustion (10) entre la première électrode (1) et la troisième électrode (11) est relié à l'espace (14) entre la troisième électrode (11) et la deuxième électrode (2).
  8. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de commutation de tension est prévu comme tronçon d'isolation (7).
  9. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu comme élément de commutation de tension un varisor, une diode de suppression ou une dérivation de surtension remplie de gaz.
  10. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la résistance (9) est à base d'un plastique conducteur, d'un matériau métallique ou d'une céramique conductrice et est en contact mécanique avec au moins une électrode (2, 11).
  11. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la résistance (9) est conçue sous forme d'un bloc sensiblement carré ou rectangulaire ou sous forme de bague.
  12. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un angle (16) ou une arête de la résistance (9), qui est en contact mécanique avec une électrode (2, 11) est arrondi (e) ou chanfreiné(e).
  13. Dispositif de protection de surtension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (4) est conçu comme boîtier de pression métallique et présente un boîtier d'isolation (18) intérieur.
EP02798338A 2001-12-17 2002-12-16 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Expired - Lifetime EP1456921B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10162149 2001-12-17
DE10162149 2001-12-17
DE10212697 2002-03-21
DE10212697A DE10212697A1 (de) 2001-12-17 2002-03-21 Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
PCT/EP2002/014294 WO2003052892A1 (fr) 2001-12-17 2002-12-16 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1456921A1 EP1456921A1 (fr) 2004-09-15
EP1456921B1 true EP1456921B1 (fr) 2009-09-16

Family

ID=26010798

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02798338A Expired - Lifetime EP1456921B1 (fr) 2001-12-17 2002-12-16 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20050041349A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1456921B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1613171A (fr)
DE (1) DE20220908U1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2292615C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003052892A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2879033B1 (fr) * 2004-12-03 2007-03-16 Soule Prot Surtensions Sa Dispositif de protection d'une installation electrique, procede et utilisation correspondants
US20080266730A1 (en) * 2007-04-25 2008-10-30 Karsten Viborg Spark Gaps for ESD Protection
DE102011102941B4 (de) * 2011-03-18 2014-12-11 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Funkenstrecke mit mehreren in Reihe geschalteten, in einer Stapelanordnung befindlichen Einzelfunkenstrecken
DE102011001734B4 (de) * 2011-04-01 2016-02-18 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
DE102011053415A1 (de) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzgerät
DE102013114260A1 (de) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-18 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Doppelkontakt-Schalter mit Vakuumschaltkammern
DE102014102065B4 (de) * 2014-02-18 2017-08-17 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Zündelement zur Verwendung bei einem Überspannungsschutzelement, Überspannungsschutzelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zündelements
FR3051292B1 (fr) * 2016-05-12 2020-09-11 Citel Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions transitoires
RU174488U1 (ru) * 2017-04-20 2017-10-17 Федеральное государственное казённое военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулева" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Устройство защиты от импульсных перенапряжений
DE102017218582B4 (de) * 2017-10-18 2019-12-24 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Bauraumbegrenztes Schutzmodul mit zumindest zwei Überspannungsschutzelementen in parallelen Stromzweigen
DE102019101212A1 (de) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Dehn Se + Co Kg Überspannungsschutzanordnung mit einer in einem Gehäuse befindlichen Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Kammer zur Lichtbogenlöschung
US11013075B2 (en) * 2018-12-20 2021-05-18 Nxp Usa, Inc. RF apparatus with arc prevention using non-linear devices
CN114284870B (zh) * 2022-02-16 2022-08-30 华中科技大学 一种自触发式直击雷防护装置

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US3567987A (en) * 1968-06-06 1971-03-02 Gerald L Schnurmacher Spark plug construction
JP2513105B2 (ja) * 1992-03-31 1996-07-03 三菱マテリアル株式会社 サ―ジアブソ―バ
DE4240138C2 (de) * 1992-11-28 1995-05-24 Dehn & Soehne Blitzstromtragfähige Anordnung mit zumindest zwei in Reihe geschalteten Funkenstrecken
DE19717802B4 (de) * 1997-04-26 2009-09-17 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG Funkenstrecke
DE19803636A1 (de) * 1998-02-02 1999-08-05 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzsystem
DE19856939A1 (de) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-15 Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg Schaltungsanordnung zum Schutz von elektrischen Installationen gegen Überspannungsereignisse
DE20020771U1 (de) * 2000-02-22 2001-02-15 Dehn & Soehne Druckfest gekapselte Funkenstreckenanordnung zum Ableiten von schädlichen Störgrößen durch Überspannung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20050041349A1 (en) 2005-02-24
WO2003052892A1 (fr) 2003-06-26
DE20220908U1 (de) 2004-07-29
CN1613171A (zh) 2005-05-04
RU2292615C2 (ru) 2007-01-27
RU2004121978A (ru) 2006-01-20
EP1456921A1 (fr) 2004-09-15

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