EP1559772B1 - Huile lubrifiante - Google Patents

Huile lubrifiante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1559772B1
EP1559772B1 EP03770108A EP03770108A EP1559772B1 EP 1559772 B1 EP1559772 B1 EP 1559772B1 EP 03770108 A EP03770108 A EP 03770108A EP 03770108 A EP03770108 A EP 03770108A EP 1559772 B1 EP1559772 B1 EP 1559772B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
boron
molecular weight
average molecular
mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP03770108A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1559772A1 (fr
EP1559772A4 (fr
Inventor
Naozumi c/o NIPPON OIL CORPORATION ARIMOTO
Tetsuo c/o NIPPON OIL CORPORATION OKAWA
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Eneos Corp
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Nippon Oil Corp
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Publication of EP1559772A4 publication Critical patent/EP1559772A4/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, specifically, a lubricating oil composition which has a low viscosity and a good anti-wear characteristic, in particular, which is capable of maintaining an anti-wear characteristic for a long term.
  • a viscosity index improver having a high molecular weight is incorporated, or wherein a friction decreasing agent such as an organic molybdenum compound is further used (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2001-181664 ).
  • a conventional oil for automobile transmissions which is capable of maintaining various performances, such as transmission driving property, for a long term, disclosed is an oil wherein one or more lubricant base oils of a synthetic oil type and/or mineral oil type, an anti-wear agent, an extreme-pressure agent, a metal detergent, an ashless dispersant, a friction modifier and others are optimally blended (see, for example, JP-A Nos. 3-39399 , 7-268375 , and 2000-63869 ).
  • a viscosity index improver is generally selected from improvers having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000.
  • an automatic transmission oil composition using the following together: 1 to 15% by weight of a monoolefin polymer or copolymer having a number-average molecular weight of 1, 000 to 10,000, and 1 to 5% by weight of a copolymer of an ester made from a saturated aliphatic monohydric alcohol having an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000 and methacrylic acid (see JP-A No.
  • a semi-synthetic automatic transmission oil composition comprising 3 to 5% by weight of an ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer having a number-average molecular weight of 26,000 to 40,000 ( JP-A No. 1-168798 ); or a semi-synthetic automatic transmission oil composition comprising 27 to 34% by weight of a polymethacrylate having a number-average molecular weight of 19,000 to 23,000 (see JP-A No. 1-271494 ).
  • compositions for improving fuel efficiency are compositions for improving fuel efficiency. Accordingly, the kinematic viscosity thereof is high and investigation is not made at all about effect on the anti-wear characteristic of the compositions at the initial use stage thereof or after long-term use thereof, the effect being the most important theme in the case that the viscosity of the lubricating oil therein is made low. Additionally, the optimization of a viscosity index improver and other additives therein is not sufficiently investigated. Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity of automatic transmission oils which are commercially available at present is generally in the range of 30 to 50 mm 2 /s at 40°C. It is therefore considered that there is not substantially any low-viscosity transmission oil wherein a fuel efficiency improvement and an anti-wear characteristic are compatible.
  • WO 00/71646 relates to mineral oil based gear oils and transmission fluids which comprise a major amount of a mineral oil having an iodine value of less than 9 and where at least 55% of the saturates are aliphatic, and gear oil or transmission fluid additives.
  • EP 1 118 654 describes a traction drive fluid comprising a naphthenic compound of a specific formula. This fluid can be used in driving force transmitting mechanisms and hydraulic pressure controlling mechanisms.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition having a low viscosity and further having a sufficient anti-wear characteristic at the initial use stage thereof and after long-term use thereof, in particular, a low-viscosity lubricating oil composition suitable for automatic transmissions or continuously variable transmissions.
  • the inventors have made eager investigations for solving the above-mentioned problems to find out that the problems can be solved by incorporating, into a lubricant base oil, a specific nitrogen-containing compound and a viscosity index improver having a specific molecular weight optimally.
  • the present invention has been made.
  • the present invention is a lubricating oil composition which is obtained by incorporating, into (A) a lubricant base oil comprising a mineral oil, a synthetic oil or a mixture thereof, (B) a bis-type succinimide of formula (2) below and/or a derivative thereof in an amount of 0.01 to 0.20% by mass in terms of the content of nitrogen of the total of the composition, and (C) a viscosity index improver as defined below and having a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 40,000 or less, so as to set the viscosity index of the composition to 160 or more and set the kinematic viscosity of the composition into the range of 20 to 30 mm 2 /s at 40°C.
  • A a lubricant base oil comprising a mineral oil, a synthetic oil or a mixture thereof
  • B a bis-type succinimide of formula (2) below and/or a derivative thereof in an amount of 0.01 to 0.20% by mass in terms of the content of nitrogen of the total of
  • the lubricating oil composition of the invention is used in an automatic transmission or a continuously variable transmission.
  • the invention is also a method for maintaining the anti-wear characteristic of an automatic transmission or a continuously variable transmission by use of the above-mentioned low viscosity lubricating oil composition.
  • the (A) component in the invention is a lubricant base oil comprising a mineral oil, a synthetic oil, or a mixture thereof, and is not particularly limited. Any oil that is usually used as a base oil of a lubricating oil composition can be used whether the oil is a mineral oil or a synthetic oil.
  • mineral oil examples include paraffin type and naphthene type mineral lubricant base oils obtained by refining lubricating oil fractions yielded by distilling crude oil under normal pressure or under reduced pressure by an appropriate combination from solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, sulfuric acid washing, clay treatment and other refining treatments; and normal paraffins.
  • Examples of the synthetic base oil include poly- ⁇ -olefins (such as polybutene, 1-octene oligomer, 1-decene oligomer, and ethylene/propylene oligomer) and hydrogenated products thereof, isobutene oligomer and hydrogenated products thereof, iso-paraffin, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, diesters (such as ditridecyl glutarate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl adipate and di-2-ethylhexyl cebacate), polyol esters (such as trimethylolpropane caprilate, trimethylolpropane pelargonate, pentaerythritol 2-ethyl hexanoate, and pentaerythritol pelargonate), polyoxyalkylene glycol, dialkyldiphenyl
  • the lubricant base oil of the invention may be a mixture of two or more mineral base oils or two or more synthetic base oils, or a mixture of one or more mineral base oils and one or more synthetic base oils.
  • the blend ratio between the two or more base oils in the mixture can be selected at will.
  • the kinematic viscosity thereof is not particularly limited, and is desirably as follows: the lower limit of the kinematic viscosity is 1 mm 2 /s, preferably 2 mm 2 /s at 100°C, and the upper limit of the kinematic viscosity is 5 mm 2 /s, preferably 4 mm 2 /s, particularly preferably 3.5mm 2 /s.
  • the kinematic of the lubricant base oil is set to 1 mm 2 /s or more at 100°C, it is possible to obtain a lubricating oil composition which has a sufficient oil-film forming power and a good lubricity and is smaller in evaporation loss of the base oil at high temperature conditions.
  • the kinematic viscosity is set to 5 mm 2 /s or less at 100°C, it becomes possible to obtain a lubricating oil composition having a smaller friction resistance at lubrication spots since the fluid resistance becomes small.
  • the viscosity index thereof is not particularly limited. It is desired that the viscosity index is 80 or more, preferably 90 or more, particularly preferably 110 or more. When the viscosity index is set to 80 or more, a composition good in wear prevention after the use thereof for a long term can be obtained.
  • the (B) component of the invention is represented by the following formula (2): wherein R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a poly(iso)butenyl group having a number-average molecular weight of 900 or more, and b represents an integer of 0 to 4, preferably 1 to 3.
  • the succinimide is the so-called bis type succinimide as represented by the formula (2), wherein succinic anhydrides are added to both ends of a polyamide.
  • the bis type succinimide that is, succinimide having two alkyl or alkenyl groups having a number-average molecular weight of 900 or more the composition easily maintains an anti-wear characteristic at the initial use thereof and after the long-term use thereof.
  • a derivative of the compound of the invention as described above include the so-called acid-modified compounds obtained by causing a monocarboxylic acid (such as aliphatic acid) having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, oxalic acid, a polycarboxylic acid having 2 to 30 carbon atoms such as phthalic acid, trimellitic acid or pyromellitic acid, or an anhydride or ester compound thereof, an alkylene oxide having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxy(poly)oxyalkylene carbonate, or some other compound to act on a nitrogen-containing compound as described above, and then neutralizing or amidating a part or the whole of remaining amino groups and/or imino groups; the so-called boron-modified compounds obtained by causing a boron compound such as boric acid, a boric acid salt or a boric acid ester to act on a nitrogen-containing compound as described above, and then neutralizing or amidating a part or the whole of remaining amino groups and/or imino
  • the poly(iso)butenyl group has a number-average molecular weight of preferably 1200 or more, more preferably 1700 or more, even more preferably 2000 or more, and particularly preferably 2300 or more.
  • the number-average molecular weight the upper limit thereof is not particularly limited, and is preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 3500 or less, and particularly preferably 3000 or less.
  • the number-average molecular weight of the alkyl or alkenyl group is set to 900 or more, the composition easily maintains an anti-wear characteristic after the long-term use thereof.
  • the number-average molecular weight is set to 5000 or less, a composition good in low-temperature fluidity can be obtained.
  • the nitrogen content in the compound of the (B) component is arbitrary.
  • the component having a nitrogen content by percentage of 0.01 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, is desirably used from the viewpoints of friction resistance, oxidation stability, frictional property and others.
  • a boron-modified compound comprising the poly(iso)butenyl having a number-average molecular weight as described above, in particular, a number-average molecular weight of 2000 or more since the composition is best in the anti-wear characteristic at the initial use thereof and after the long-term use thereof.
  • the ratio by mass of boron to nitrogen (B/N ratio) in the boron-modified compound of the nitrogen-containing compound is not particularly limited.
  • the ratio is usually from 0.01 to 3, preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and even more preferably 0.2 or more, and is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less, and even more preferably 0.6 or less.
  • B/N ratio of the boron-modified compound is selected in the above-mentioned range, a composition good in the anti-wear characteristic at the initial use thereof and after the long-term use thereof can be obtained.
  • the anti-wear characteristic at the initial use and after the long-term use can be synergistically improved. Even in this case, it is preferable to set the ratio by mass of boron resulting from the boron-modified compound to the whole of nitrogen resulting from the (B) component into the above-mentioned range.
  • the lower limit of the content of the (B) component in the lubricating oil composition of the invention is 0.01% by mass, preferably 0.02% by mass of the total of the lubricating oil composition, this limit being a limit in terms of the content of nitrogen.
  • the upper limit of the content thereof in terms of the content of nitrogen is 0.2% by mass, preferably 0.18% by mass of the total of the lubricating oil composition. If the content of the (B) component in terms of the nitrogen content is less than 0.01% by mass of the total of the lubricating oil composition, the anti-wear characteristic after the long-term use, on the basis of the incorporation of the (B) component, is not easily maintained.
  • the content is more than 0.2% by mass, the low-temperature fluidity of the lubricating oil composition deteriorates. Thus, these cases are each not preferred.
  • the upper limit of the content thereof can be set to 0.07% or less by mass also.
  • the (B) compound of formula (2) is a compound having two poly(iso)butenyl groups having a number-average molecular weight of 2000 or more, a sufficient anti-wear characteristic can be exhibited even if the upper limit is set to 0.04% or less by mass.
  • the lower limit of the content thereof in terms of the amount of boron is preferably 0.002% or more by mass, more preferably 0. 004% or more by mass, and particularly preferably 0.008% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content thereof in terms of the boron amount is preferably 0.05% or less by mass, more preferably 0.02% or less by mass, and particularly preferably 0.015% or less by mass.
  • the (C) component in the invention is a viscosity index improver having a weight-average molecular weight of 40,000 or less, and may be specifically a non-dispersion type viscosity index improver and/or dispersion type viscosity index improver having a weight-average molecular weight of 40,000 or less.
  • non-dispersion type viscosity index improver examples include copolymers of one or more monomers (C-1) selected from compounds represented by formulae (5), (6) and (7) illustrated below, or hydrogenated products thereof.
  • dispersion type viscosity index improver examples include copolymers of two ormore monomers selected from compounds represented by general formulae (8) and (9), or compounds wherein oxygen-containing groups are introduced into hydrogenated products of the copolymers; and copolymers of one or more monomers (C-1) selected from compounds represented by the general formulae (5) to (7) and one or more monomers (C-2) selected from compounds represented by the general formulae (8) and (9), or hydrogenated products thereof.
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or a methyl group
  • R 7 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl group represented by R7 which has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl groups, (which may be in a linear chain form or a branched chain form).
  • R 8 represents hydrogen or a methyl group
  • R 9 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • hydrocarbon group represented by R 9 which has 1 to 12 carbon atoms
  • alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, and dodecyl groups, (which may be in a linear chain form or a branched chain form); alkenyl groups, such as butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, and dodecenyl groups, (which may be in a linear chain form or a branched chain form and may have a double bond at any position); cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl groups; alkylcycloal
  • D 1 and D 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a residue of an alkylalcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (-OR wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms), or a residue of a monoalkylamine having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (-NHR wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms).
  • R 10 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • R 11 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
  • E 1 represents an amine residue or heterocyclic residue containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms or 0 to 2 oxygen atoms
  • e is an integer of 0 or 1.
  • alkylene group represented by R 11 which has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, include ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, tridecylene, tetradecylene, pentadecylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene, and octadecylene group, (which may be in a linear chain form or a branched chain form)
  • group which represents E 1 include dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino, anilino, toluidino, xylidino, acetylamino, benzoylamino, morpholino, pyrrolyl, pyrrolino, pyridyl, methylpiridyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, quinolyl, pyrrolidonyl, pyrrolidono, imidazolyno, and pyrazino groups.
  • R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • E 2 represents an amine residue or heterocyclic residue containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and 0 to 2 oxygen atoms.
  • group which represents E 2 include dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino, anilino, toluidino, xylidino, acetylamino, benzoylamino, morpholino, pyrrolyl, pyrrolino, pyridyl, methylpiridyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, quinolyl, pyrrolidonyl, pyrrolidono, imidazolyno, and pyrazino groups.
  • the monomer of the (C-1) component include alkyl acrylates having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl methacrylates having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, olefins having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, styrene, methylstyrene, anhydrous maleic acid esters, and anhydrous maleic amide, and mixtures thereof.
  • the monomer of the (C-2) component include dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, morpholinomethyl methacrylate, morpholinoethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone and mixtures thereof.
  • the mole ratio of the (C-1) component(s) to the (C-2) component (s) is arbitrary, and is generally from about 80/20 to about 95/5.
  • the reaction process for the copolymerization is arbitrary.
  • a copolymer is easily be obtained by subjecting the (C-1) component(s) and the (C-2) component (s) to radical solvent polymerization in the presence of a polymerization initiator such as benzoylperoxide.
  • the (C) component include non-dispersion type and dispersion type polymethacrylates, non-dispersion type and dispersion type ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers and hydrogenated products thereof, polyisobutylene and hydrogenated products thereof, styrene/diene hydrogenated copolymers, styrene/anhydrous maleic acid ester copolymers, and polyalkylstyrenes.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the (C) component in the invention is 40,000 or less, more preferably 35,000 less. If the weight-average molecular weight is more than 40,000, the anti-wear characteristic after the long-term use is unfavorably poor.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the (C) component is not particularly limited. The weight-average molecular weight is 10,000 or more, more preferably 20,000 or more.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the (C) component it is advisable to set the weight-average molecular weight of the (C) component to 10,000 or more for the following reason: a viscosity index improver of the (C) component having a weight-average molecular weight of less than 10,000, for example, polyisobutylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 900 or more and less than 10,000 is small in viscosity-index-improving effect; thus, the improver needs to be incorporated in a large amount, and the anti-wear characteristic after the long-term use is not easily maintained.
  • a viscosity index improver of the (C) component having a weight-average molecular weight of less than 10,000 for example, polyisobutylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 900 or more and less than 10,000 is small in viscosity-index-improving effect; thus, the improver needs to be incorporated in a large amount, and the anti-wear characteristic after the long-term use is not easily maintained.
  • the (C) component in the invention is a non-dispersion type polymethacrylate having a weight-average molecular weight of 10, 000 to 40, 000 since the composition easily maintains an anti-wear characteristic after the long-term use.
  • the content of the (C) component in the lubricating oil composition of the invention is desirably set so as to fix the viscosity index of the composition into 160 or more, preferably 165 or more.
  • the content of the (C) component is desirably set so as to fix the upper limit of the viscosity index of the composition preferably into less than 210, more preferably into less than 190. It is necessary to incorporate the (C) component in such an amount that the kinematic viscosity of the composition becomes 20 to 30 mm 2 /s at 40°C.
  • the (C) component is incorporated in such an amount that the viscosity becomes 22 to 28 mm 2 /s.
  • One or more compounds selected at will from viscosity index improvers as described above can be incorporated in any amount into the present invention so as to set the viscosity index of the composition and the kinematic viscosity thereof at 40°C into the above-defined ranges.
  • the content thereof by percentage is 1% or more by mass, preferably 5% or more by mass, and particularly preferably 6% or more by mass, and is 20% or less by mass, preferably 15% or less by mass, and particularly preferably 12% or less by mass. If the viscosity index of the composition is less than 160, the anti-wear characteristic after the long-term use unfavorably deteriorates.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is less than the above-mentioned range, the anti-wear characteristic at the initial use and after the long-term use unfavorably deteriorates. If the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is more than the above-mentioned range, the composition does not favorably gain fuel consumption saving performance, based on a decrease in the stirring resistance, with ease.
  • the specified amount of the (B) component is incorporated into the (A) component as a base oil, and further the (C) component is incorporated thereinto so as to set the viscosity index of the composition to 160 or more and set the kinematic viscosity of the composition into the range of 20 to 30 mm 2 /s at 40°C, thereby yielding a lubricating oil composition having a low viscosity. Only in this way, the resultant lubricating oil composition is good in the anti-wear characteristic at the initial use and after the long-term use thereof. In order to make the performance high, other kinds of additives may be added thereto if necessary.
  • additives examples include an anti-wear agent or extreme-pressure agent, a metal detergent, a friction modifier, a rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, a pour point depressant, a rubber swelling agent, an antifoamer, and a colorant. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
  • the anti-wear agent or extreme-pressure agent that can be used together in the lubricating oil composition of the invention may be any compound that is usually used as an anti-wear agent or extreme-pressure agent for lubricating oil, such as a sulfur-based additive, phosphorus-based additive, and sulfur-and phosphorus-based additive.
  • sulfur-based compounds such as disulfides, olefin sulfides and oil and fat sulfides
  • phosphorus-based compounds such as phosphoric acid monoesters, phosphoric acid diesters, phosphoric acid triesters, phosphorous acid monoesters, phosphorous acid diesters, phosphorous acid triesters, and salts of these esters and amines or alkanolamines
  • sulfur- and phosphorus-based compounds such as zinc dithiophosphate and thiophosphoric acid esters.
  • the content of these anti-wear agents or extreme-pressure agents is not particularly limited, and is usually from 0.01 to 5.0% by mass of the total of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the metal detergent that can be used together in the lubricating oil composition of the invention may be any compound that is usually used as a metal detergent for lubricating oil.
  • the following can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof in the composition of the invention: sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, and naphthenates of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
  • the alkali metal include sodium, and potassium, and examples of the alkaline earth metalinclude calcium, and magnesium.
  • a sulfonate, phenate or salicylate of calcium or magnesium is preferably used as the metal detergent.
  • the total base number of these metal detergents and the content thereof can be selected at will in accordance with required lubricating oil performance. Usually, the total base number is from 0 to 500 mgKOH, which is according to the perchloric acid process, and the content is from 0.01 to 10% by mass.
  • the friction modifier that can be used together in the lubricating oil composition of the invention may be any compound that is usually used as a friction modifier for lubricating oil.
  • examples thereof include amine compounds, aliphatic acid esters, aliphatic acid amides, and aliphatic acid metal salts each of which has in the molecule thereof an alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular, a linear alkyl group or linear alkenyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • Example of the amine compounds are linear or branched, preferably linear, aliphatic monoamines having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; linear or branched, preferably linear, aliphatic polyamines; or alkyleneoxide adducts of these aliphatic amines.
  • Examples of the aliphatic acid esters are esters of linear or branched, preferably linear, aliphatic acid having 7 to 31 carbon atoms and aliphatic monohydric alcohol or aliphatic polyhydric alcohol.
  • Examples of the aliphatic acid amides are amides of linear or branched, preferably linear, aliphatic acid having 7 to 31 carbon atoms and aliphatic monoamine or aliphatic polyamine.
  • Examples of the aliphatic acid metal salts are alkaline earth metal salts (such as magnesium salt and calcium salts) or zinc salts of linear or branched, preferably linear, aliphatic acid having 7 to 31 carbon atoms.
  • One or more compounds selected at will from these friction modifiers can be incorporated in any amount into the invention. Usually, it is desired that the content thereof is from 0.01 to 5.0% by mass, preferably from 0.03 to 3.0% by mass of the total of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the antioxidant that can be used together in the lubricating oil composition of the invention may be any material that is generally used in lubricating oil, such as a phenol type compound or amine type compound.
  • alkylphenols such as 2-6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; bisphenols such as methylene-4,4-bisphenol(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol); naphthylamines such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine; dialkyldiphenylamines; zinc dialkyldithiophosphates such as zinc di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate; and esters of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) or (3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)aliphatic acid (such as propionic acid) and a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, such asmethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6 hexadiol, neopentylglycol, thiodiethylene glycol,triethylene glycol, and pen
  • One or more compounds selected at will therefrom can be incorporated in any amount. Usually, it is desired that the content thereof is from 0.01 to 5.0% by mass of the total of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the corrosion inhibitor that can be used together in the lubricating oil composition of the invention may be any compound that is usually used as a corrosion inhibitor for lubricating oil.
  • examples thereof include benzotriazole type, tolyltriazole type, thiadiazole type, and imidazole type compounds.
  • One or more compounds selected at will therefrom can be incorporated in any amount. Usually, it is desired that the content thereof is from 0.01 to 3.0% by mass of the total of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the antifoamer that can be used together in the lubricating oil composition of the invention may be any compound that is usually used as an antifoamer for lubricating oil.
  • examples thereof include silicones such as dimethylsilicone and fluorosilicone.
  • One or more compounds selected at will therefrom can be incorporated in any amount. Usually, it is desired that the content thereof is from 0.001 to 0.05% by mass of the total of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the invention is good in the anti-wear characteristic at the initial use and after the long-term use thereof, and makes it possible to decrease stirring resistance resulting from the lubricating oil; therefore, when the composition is used as a lubricating oil for automobiles, for example, for internal combustion engines or transmissions, in particular, automatic transmissions or continuously variable transmissions, the composition can contribute to an improvement in the fuel efficiency of the automobiles.
  • Lubricating oil compositions according to the invention (Examples 1 to 5 in Table 1) and lubricating oil compositions for comparison (Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in Table 2) were prepared by blending various kinds of lubricant base oils and additives shown in Table 1 or 2. The added amount of each of the additives is an amount on the basis of the total amount of the composition.
  • the anti-wear characteristics at the initial use and after the long-term use were evaluated in an abrasion test in item (1) described below.
  • the oil which was in a new state was used, and for the evaluation of the anti-wear characteristic after the long-term use, the oil deteriorated beforehand by carrying out an ultrasonic shearing test described in item (2) was used. Results of the performance evaluations also are each described in Tables 1 and 2.
  • a shearing test was carried out for 8 hours in accordance with an automatic transmission oil shearing stability test method prescribed in JASO M347-95.
  • the present test is a test for evaluating the degree of a fall in the kinematic viscosity of automatic transmission oil in the step of the use thereof. It appears that the shearing test for 8 hours corresponds to an actual running of 100000 km and oil after the present test corresponds to oil after a running of 100000 km.
  • Non-dispersion type polymethacrylate (weight-average molecular weight: 20,000) 7) Non-dispersion type polymethacrylate (weight-average molecular weight: 30,000) 8) Non-dispersion type polymethacrylate (weight-average molecular weight: 50,000) 9) Package additives containing an anti-wear agent, an extreme-pressure agent, a metal detergent, a corrosion inhibitor, an antioxidant, a friction modifier, a rubber swelling agent, an antifoamer, and others.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a low viscosity and further has a good anti-wear characteristic at the initial use and after the long-term use, so as to makes it possible that stirring resistance resulting from the lubricating oil is decreased. Therefore, when the composition is used as a lubricating oil for automobiles, for example, for internal combustion engines and transmissions, in particular, automatic transmissions or continuously variable transmission, the composition can contribute to an improvement in the fuel efficiency of the automobiles. In lubricating oils for machinery/apparatus other than automobiles, the energy consumption of the machinery/apparatus can be restrained while the anti-wear characteristic thereof is maintained. Accordingly, the composition is useful for various purposes, for example, for wet brakes, hydraulic apparatus, compressors, turbines, gears and shaft bearings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Composition d'huile de lubrification pouvant être obtenue en incorporant, dans (A) une huile de base lubrifiante comprenant une huile minérale, une huile synthétique ou un mélange de celles-ci,
    (B) un succinimide de type bis de formule (2) et/ou un dérivé de celui-ci dans une quantité de 0,01 à 0,20% en masse en termes de la teneur en azote du total de la composition
    Figure imgb0009
     dans laquelle R2 et R3 chacun indépendamment représentent un groupe poly(iso)butényle ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre de 900 ou plus, et b représente un entier de 0 à 4, et
    (C) un polyméthacrylate de type à non dispersion comme un améliorateur d'indice de viscosité, ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en poids de 10 000 à 40 000, de façon à fixer l'indice de viscosité de la composition à 160 ou plus et fixer la viscosité cinématique de la composition dans la plage de 20 à 30 mm2/s à 40°C.
  2. Composition d'huile de lubrification selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le composant (B) est un succinimide de type bis de formule (2) et/ou un dérivé de celui-ci dans laquelle R2 et R3 chacun indépendamment représentent un groupe poly(iso)butényle ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre de 1 200 ou plus.
  3. Composition d'huile de lubrification selon la revendication 1 ou 2, qui comprend essentiellement, comme le composant (B), un composé modifié avec du bore du composé de formule (2) dans une quantité de 0,002% ou plus en masse en termes de la teneur en bore sur la base de la quantité totale de la composition.
  4. Composition d'huile de lubrification selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le composé modifié avec du bore est un composé modifié avec du bore du composé de formule (2) dans laquelle R2 et R3 chacun indépendamment représentent un poly(iso)butényle ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre de 1 200 ou plus.
  5. Composition d'huile de lubrification selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le composé modifié avec du bore est un composé modifié avec du bore du composé de formule (2) dans laquelle R2 et R3 chacun indépendamment représentent un poly(iso)butényle ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre de 1 700 ou plus.
  6. Composition d'huile de lubrification selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans laquelle le rapport en masse du bore sur l'azote (rapport B/N) dans le composé modifié avec du bore est de 0,01 à 3.
  7. Composition d'huile de lubrification selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le composant (B) comprend un composé modifié avec du bore du composé de formule (2) dans laquelle R2 et R3 chacun indépendamment représentent un poly(iso)butényle ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre de 2 000 ou plus.
  8. Composition d'huile de lubrification selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le composant (B) comprend les deux du succinimide de type bis de formule (2) dans laquelle R2 et R3 chacun indépendamment représentent un groupe poly(iso)butényle ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre de 900 ou plus et de moins de 2 000 et de composés modifiés avec du bore du succinimide de type bis ayant un groupe poly(iso)butényle ayant un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre de 2 000 ou plus.
  9. Composition d'huile de lubrification selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, dans laquelle la quantité du composé modifié avec du bore est 0,004% en masse ou plus et 0,05% en masse ou moins en termes de la teneur en bore du total de la composition.
  10. Utilisation de la composition d'huile de lubrification selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 dans une transmission automatique ou une transmission à variation continue.
  11. Procédé de conservation de la caractéristique anti-usure d'une transmission automatique ou d'une transmission à variation continue par l'utilisation de la composition d'huile de lubrification selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9.
EP03770108A 2002-11-05 2003-10-31 Huile lubrifiante Revoked EP1559772B1 (fr)

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CN100455646C (zh) 2009-01-28
CN1711345A (zh) 2005-12-21
JP2004155873A (ja) 2004-06-03
EP1559772A1 (fr) 2005-08-03
AU2003280701A1 (en) 2004-06-07
JP4571776B2 (ja) 2010-10-27
WO2004041977A1 (fr) 2004-05-21
US20060105921A1 (en) 2006-05-18
EP1559772A4 (fr) 2008-09-03

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