EP1557510A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausgraben resp. Exhumieren von Leichen resp. Särgen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausgraben resp. Exhumieren von Leichen resp. Särgen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1557510A1 EP1557510A1 EP05000219A EP05000219A EP1557510A1 EP 1557510 A1 EP1557510 A1 EP 1557510A1 EP 05000219 A EP05000219 A EP 05000219A EP 05000219 A EP05000219 A EP 05000219A EP 1557510 A1 EP1557510 A1 EP 1557510A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hollow body
- soil
- box
- resp
- closed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F1/00—General working methods with dredgers or soil-shifting machines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H13/00—Monuments; Tombs; Burial vaults; Columbaria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G19/00—Hoisting or lowering devices for coffins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method according to The preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the The preamble of claim 11.
- the coffins are buried in cemeteries, which in the Usually only a limited extent resp. area exhibit. This means that after expiration of a certain Time the coffins have to be removed from the ground to to make room for nine. This is done by digging the coffins from the soil and subsequent burning resp. Kremieren the remains executed, what also as Exhumation is called.
- the object of the present invention was to a method and a device for lifting of To find graves, which is economical and possible automated is feasible and in particular the direct insight on the corpses resp. body parts prevented.
- part of the Soil above the corpse resp. removed over the coffin be stored as normal soil, and only in a second step then the corpse resp. the coffin be dug.
- the approximate position of the corpse in Soil is determined on the basis of site plans and horizontal rough positioning of the hollow body used becomes. Because of these site plans, the hollow body reliably moved to the point to be processed and be positioned.
- the exact horizontal position resp. Location of the corpse by means of non-contact measuring organs, preferably by means of ultrasound, recorded and it is with This data is a horizontal fine positioning of the Hollow body performed.
- ultrasound can be easily and reliably the location of the casket or Identify any body parts and the hollow body horizontally in the correct resp. bring optimal position. So all these parts come resp. Elements within the Opening cross-section of the hollow body to lie.
- the hollow body by means of hydraulic pressure in the soil is pushed.
- This can be a sufficient static pressure to be built up to the hollow body in the required depth into the soil. Further this process is carried out under the slightest acoustic Emission, so that there is no noise pollution of the environment comes.
- the closure of the hollow body takes place in Soil over at least one in the area of the lower edge the hollow body arranged, twisted and / or swiveling flap.
- the flap can be as simple Swing flap be formed, which via pins in the Side wall of the hollow body is guided or a Swivel axis parallel to the lower opening of the hollow body have, which is optionally stored at several points.
- the flap can also be laterally in guide rails be guided and thus a combined swivel and Carry out sliding movement. This can be an optimal lateral closing movement carried out below the coffin and there will be less additional soil in the Interior of the box led.
- the flap is actuated by means of hydraulics.
- the hydraulic cylinders at the top Be arranged in the area of the box and the flaps over in the Inside the box arranged and guided bars be operated.
- the hollow body Preferably, for the sinking of the hollow body additional vibration or vibration means used, preferably arranged directly on the hollow body Vibrating or vibrating agent. This can be the introduction of the box are supported in the soil, just at a high proportion of stones and gravel soils.
- the hollow body is so directly over the container positioned that the opening of the hollow body before and during emptying immediately above or inside Opening area of the container or one above the Opening region of the container arranged screen to lie comes.
- the emptying process advantageous can not be seen from the outside.
- the entire excavated from the soil Material fed to a furnace and at a temperature of at least 1500 ° C, preferably at least 2000 ° C is burned. This will be a complete combustion both the coffin and the not yet decayed body parts as well as the soil achieved.
- the hollow body is made of a rectangular cross-section box with four in the Essentially flat side walls formed and facing in Area of the lower opening edge at least one pivotable and / or sliding flap, which in closed state, the lower opening practically completely closed and after opening swung out from the bottom of the box, and points in the area of the top of the box at least one Fitting for absorbing compressive forces.
- two are opposite each other arranged flaps pivot over lateral guides and rotatably arranged on the hollow body and with a Hydraulic drive are connected, with the flaps in fully open state parallel to each side wall aligned.
- each flap wedge-shaped leaking formed preferably a tooth-shaped contour has or additionally arranged thereon teeth.
- a tooth-shaped contour has or additionally arranged thereon teeth.
- At least two are each other opposite side walls executed in several parts, wherein the one side wall forming parts in the horizontal Direction against each other displaced and fixable are formed to the width of the corresponding Set box wall in a restricted area can.
- This can be the Material inside the box reliable and complete automatically empty again without manual intervention.
- the top of the box is by a Lid is completely closed. This will also be the Insight possibility from above into the inside of the box reliably prevented.
- additional vibration or are on the box Rüttelstoff are arranged, preferably at the top of the box.
- the fitting is with a hydraulic cylinder connected.
- the hydraulic cylinder for the Push in the box to apply necessary static force.
- FIG. 1 the arrangement of tombs 1 is purely schematic presented in a cemetery.
- the Graves parallel to each other at regular intervals arranged.
- the location of the tombs is 1 in one Cemetery plan recorded, so that the respective situation with a relatively high accuracy can be determined can.
- each grave 1 is usually a single casket (not shown), wherein several or in the Size different coffins can be used.
- the soil in the area of the tombs 1 is usually relatively relaxed and has no particular Rock layers or larger stones, because of the Introducing the coffins the soil already dug once has been. After the introduction of the coffins is the surrounding soil usually no longer strong condensed, making it a relatively easy to working soil results.
- the insertion depth of the coffins in the tombs 1 is in the Always constant and also noted in the cemetery plan.
- This can be the exact horizontal position and extent of the coffin recorded and thus the box 2 by means of the construction machine. 3 be accurately positioned and aligned.
- the bottom open box 2 is now preferably under Applying a hydraulic force in the soil of the grave 1 pushed into it.
- the hydraulic pressure can over a Hydraulic cylinder 4 are applied, which with the End of the boom 5 of the construction machine 3 is connected.
- the construction machine 3 is electrically operated, with only a very low noise emission at both Procedure of the construction machine 3 in their position as well as Generating the hydraulic pressure results. This can be the procedure also at times with limited Noise, such as at night, perform.
- FIG 3 is now schematically the longitudinal section through a already crammed into the soil of the tomb 1 box 2 shown.
- the box 2 has at its lower opening in this position downwardly projecting flaps 6, which according to a flat shovel in the side of the coffin 7 soil penetrate.
- the box 2 is now pushed so deep into the ground, until the Sarge 7 comes to rest in the interior of the box 2. In this Depth the flaps 6 are pivoted upwards and thus closed the lower opening of the box 2. So that can the box 2 now with located inside coffin 7 and a part of the soil with the box 2 from the tomb. 1 be lifted out and transported away.
- the coffin 7 is completely against outside view shielded. This is particularly advantageous or even desirable if the coffin 7 already partially has decomposed or has been destroyed and not completely decayed body parts and bones in this area of the Soil are located.
- the flaps 6 can, for example, via parallel to lower edge of the box 2 arranged bearings or pins be pivoted.
- the rotary actuator is preferably realized by means of a hydraulic drive. Is advantageous the drive component, for example consisting of Hydraulic cylinders, in the upper part of the box 2 arranged and act on rods on the flaps 6 a.
- the material in box 2 can now be advantageous be emptied into a transport container 8, as this schematically shows the longitudinal section of Figure 4.
- the transport container 8 has, for example, a trough-shaped construction and has as a closure laterally over the upper opening of the transport container. 8 slidable cover 9. In open condition of the Transport container 8, this cover 9 is laterally in held in a resting position.
- Box 2 will now, advantageous with the help of the construction machine 3 via the Transport container 8 is positioned.
- the box 2 can be placed on a frame 10, which resp. above the transport container 8 is arranged reaching.
- the openings of the box 2 and the transport container. 8 come to lie directly above each other. Possibly. can the opening edge of the box 2 within the Opening area of the transport container 8 to lie come. Now, the flaps 6 of the box 2 again after pivoted down and thus the box 2 are opened. Thus, the coffin 7 together with the soil from the Box 2 emptied into the transport container 8, wherein advantageous from the outside there is no direct insight.
- the emptying process is supported by a slide 11, which within the box 2 vertically displaceable is arranged.
- the slider 11, for example, over Hydraulic cylinder 12 are moved down and reliably pushes the entire inside of the box 2 material, the coffin 7 and the soil, completely down.
- FIG. 5 now shows in more detail schematically the View of a simple embodiment of a Box 2 according to the invention.
- Box 2 is included For example, constructed of rectangular metal plates 13, which form the side walls of the box 2.
- the box 2 further advantageously has a further metal plate 14 as closed lid on which the end of Hydraulic cylinder 4 is attached via a fitting.
- in the Inside the box 2 is the position of the dashed line Slider 11 indicated.
- two flaps 6 are arranged, which each down pivotable in the narrow side walls of the box 2 are stored.
- the swivel mechanism can be in on known manner by means of push rods and hydraulic cylinders be executed and preferably inside the box. 2 be arranged.
- FIG 6 is another alternative embodiment a box 2 is shown schematically in the view.
- the Walls 13 of the box 2 are here now constructed in several parts, wherein the individual parts of a wall 13 against each other move and fix in the desired position to let. This can, for example, in the wall parts trained grooves and screw 17 done.
- the cross section resp. the size of the Customize box 2 different requirements.
- the flaps 6 are here laterally in rails resp. Grooves 15 guided and thus do not lead a pure pivoting movement, but a combined swing and slide movement. With this arrangement, when closing the flaps 6 less additional material into the inside of the box 2 freighted, which is particularly advantageous in one lower weight and a smaller mass.
- the transport container 8 can now either on a Another place again buried in the ground and buried be, or usually fed to a combustion furnace become. So that the material is completely burned, is Such a furnace with a combustion temperature of at least 1500 ° C, or preferably at least 2000 ° C operated.
- the inventive method and apparatus can advantageous for efficient recovery respectively. exhumation in particular, are used by ancient tombs no visual insight into any existing ones Corpses or body parts can be done. Moreover, that is Method, in particular when using electrical Drive units, with lowest acoustic emissions feasible and can thus, for example, at night be executed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- Verfahren zur Aushebung resp. Ausgrabung von in das Erdreich eingebrachten Leichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein seitlich und oben geschlossener Hohlkörper (2) über dem Erdreich vertikal über der Lage der Leiche positioniert wird, danach vertikal in das Erdreich versenkt wird, wobei die Leiche innerhalb des Hohlkörpers (2) zu liegen kommt, anschliessend unterhalb der Leiche der Hohlkörper (2) verschlossen wird und danach der Hohlkörper (2) in geschlossenen Zustand wieder aus dem Erdreich angehoben wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ungefähre Position der Leiche im Erdreich aufgrund von Lageplänen ermittelt wird und zur horizontalen Grobpositionierung des Hohlkörpers (2) verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genaue horizontale Position resp. Lage der Leiche mittels berührungslosen Messorganen, vorzugsweise mittels Ultraschall, erfasst wird und mit diesen Daten eine horizontale Feinpositionierung des Hohlkörpers (2) durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (2) mittels Hydraulikdruck in das Erdreich gestossen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verschliessen des Hohlkörpers (2) im Erdreich über mindestens eine im Bereich des unteren Randes des Hohlkörpers (2) angeordneten, verdreh- und/oder verschwenkbaren Klappe (6) erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klappe (6) mittels Hydraulik betätigt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für das Versenken des Hohlkörpers (2) zusätzliche Vibrations- oder Rüttelmittel (16) eingesetzt werden, vorzugsweise unmittelbar am Hohlkörper (2) angeordnete Vibrations- oder Rüttelmittel.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das nach dem Ausheben im Hohlkörper (2) befindliche Material in einen Behälter (8) entleert wird, wobei das Entleeren durch einen im Innern des Hohlkörpers (2) über dem Material angeordnetes Schieber (11) unterstützt wird, welcher das Material gegen die untere Öffnung des Hohlkörpers (2) ausstösst.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper derart unmittelbar über dem Behälter (8) positioniert wird, dass die Öffnung des Hohlkörpers (2) vor und während des Entleerens unmittelbar über oder im Öffnungsbereich des Behälters (8) oder einer über dem Öffnungsbereich des Behälters (8) angeordneten Sichtblende zu liegen kommt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gesamte aus dem Erdreich ausgehobene Material einem Ofen zugeführt wird und mit einer Temperatur von mindestens 1500° C, vorzugsweise mindestens 2000°C verbrannt wird.
- Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (2) aus einem einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisenden Kasten mit vier im Wesentlichen flachen Seitenwänden (13) gebildet ist und im Bereich der unteren Öffnungskante mindestens eine verschwenk- und/oder verschiebbare Klappe (6) aufweist, welche in geschlossenem Zustand die untere Öffnung praktisch vollständig verschliesst und in geöffnetem Zustand nach unten vom Kasten (2) abstehend ausgeschwenkt ist, sowie im Bereich der Oberseite des Kastens (2) mindestens einen Beschlag zur Aufnahme von Druckkräften aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei einander gegenüberliegend angeordnete Klappen (6) über seitliche Führungen (15) verschwenk- und verdrehbar am Hohlkörper (2) angeordnet sind und mit einem Hydraulikantrieb verbunden sind, wobei die Klappen (6) in vollständig geöffnetem Zustand annähern parallel zur jeweiligen Seitenwand (13) ausgerichtet verlaufen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in geöffnetem Zustand nach Aussen abstehende Kante jeder Klappe (6) keilförmig auslaufend ausgebildet ist, und vorzugsweise eine zahnförmige Kontur aufweist oder zusätzlich daran angeordnete Zähne aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens zwei einander gegenüberliegende Seitenwände (13) mehrteilig ausgeführt sind, wobei die eine Seitenwand (13) bildenden Teile in der horizontalen Richtung gegeneinander verschiebbar und fixierbar ausgebildet sind, um die Breite der entsprechenden Kastenwand (13) in einem beschränkten Bereich einstellen zu können.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass innerhalb des Hohlkörpers (2) ein horizontal verlaufender, vorzugsweise den inneren Querschnitt des Hohlkörpers (2) ausfüllender Schieber (11) angeordnet ist, welcher zwischen einer oberen und unteren Endposition innerhalb des Hohlkörpers (2) verschiebbar ausgebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberseite des Hohlkörpers (2) durch einen Deckel (14) vollständig verschlossen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Hohlkörper (2) zusätzliche Vibrations- oder Rüttelmittel (16) angeordnet sind, vorzugsweise an der Oberseite (14) des Hohlkörpers (2).
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Beschlag mit einem Hydraulikzylinder (4) verbunden ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1012004 | 2004-01-26 | ||
CH101042004 | 2004-01-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1557510A1 true EP1557510A1 (de) | 2005-07-27 |
Family
ID=34624395
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05000219A Withdrawn EP1557510A1 (de) | 2004-01-26 | 2005-01-07 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausgraben resp. Exhumieren von Leichen resp. Särgen |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1557510A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE283125C (de) * | ||||
GB2334507A (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 1999-08-25 | Hobday Nigel William | Materials handling bucket |
FR2804989A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-15 | 2001-08-17 | Jacques Felli | Dispositif d'exhumation pour la recuperation et l'evacuation des ossements humains |
-
2005
- 2005-01-07 EP EP05000219A patent/EP1557510A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE283125C (de) * | ||||
GB2334507A (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 1999-08-25 | Hobday Nigel William | Materials handling bucket |
FR2804989A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-15 | 2001-08-17 | Jacques Felli | Dispositif d'exhumation pour la recuperation et l'evacuation des ossements humains |
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