EP1550481B1 - Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos eines Brandes - Google Patents

Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos eines Brandes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1550481B1
EP1550481B1 EP03029927A EP03029927A EP1550481B1 EP 1550481 B1 EP1550481 B1 EP 1550481B1 EP 03029927 A EP03029927 A EP 03029927A EP 03029927 A EP03029927 A EP 03029927A EP 1550481 B1 EP1550481 B1 EP 1550481B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concentration
protected area
oxygen
control
oxygen content
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP03029927A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1550481A1 (de
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amrona AG
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Amrona AG
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Publication date
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Application filed by Amrona AG filed Critical Amrona AG
Priority to DK03029927.5T priority Critical patent/DK1550481T3/da
Priority to EP03029927A priority patent/EP1550481B1/de
Priority to ES03029927T priority patent/ES2399215T3/es
Priority to CA2551226A priority patent/CA2551226C/en
Priority to PCT/EP2004/013285 priority patent/WO2005063337A1/de
Priority to JP2006545948A priority patent/JP4818932B2/ja
Priority to CN200480035850XA priority patent/CN1889999B/zh
Priority to US10/584,905 priority patent/US7854270B2/en
Priority to UAA200606995A priority patent/UA86045C2/uk
Priority to RU2006123037/12A priority patent/RU2318560C1/ru
Priority to AU2004308568A priority patent/AU2004308568B2/en
Priority to TW093138311A priority patent/TWI302843B/zh
Publication of EP1550481A1 publication Critical patent/EP1550481A1/de
Priority to HK05108473.4A priority patent/HK1076415A1/xx
Priority to NO20063302A priority patent/NO20063302L/no
Publication of EP1550481B1 publication Critical patent/EP1550481B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inerting method for reducing the risk of fire in an enclosed protection area, in which the oxygen content in the protected area is maintained at a predeterminable control range by introducing an oxygen-displacing gas from a primary source for a certain time at a control concentration below an operating concentration, and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the oxygen-displacing gases used in this "inert-gas extinguishing technology" are usually stored in special ancillary rooms in steel cylinders. It is also conceivable to use a device for generating an oxygen-displacing gas. These steel bottles or this device for the production of oxygen displacing gas constitute the so-called primary source of Inertgas mecaniclöschstrom. If necessary, then the gas is passed from this primary source via piping systems and corresponding outlet nozzles in the space in question.
  • the associated inert gas fire extinguishing system generally has at least one system for the sudden introduction of the oxygen displacing gas from the primary source into the space to be monitored and a fire detection device for detecting a fire parameter in the room air.
  • the reignition phase refers to the time period after the fire fighting phase in which the oxygen concentration in the protected area must not exceed a certain value, the so-called re-ignition prevention value, to avoid reignition of the materials in the protected area.
  • the re-ignition prevention level is an oxygen concentration that depends on the fire load of the protected area and is determined by experiments. According to the VdS guidelines, when the protection zone is flooded, the oxygen concentration in the protection zone must reach the rebound prevention level of, for example, 13.8% by volume within the first 60 seconds from the start of the flooding (firefighting phase). Further, the level of re-ignition prevention should not be exceeded within 10 minutes after the end of the fire-fighting phase. It is envisaged that within the firefighting phase of the fire in the protected area is completely deleted.
  • the oxygen concentration is shut down as quickly as possible to a so-called operating concentration in the case of a detection signal.
  • the inert gas required for this purpose originates from the primary source of the inert gas fire extinguishing system.
  • the term "operating concentration" is understood to mean a level which is below a so-called design concentration.
  • the design concentration is an oxygen concentration in the protection range at which the ignition of each substance in the protection region is effectively prevented.
  • a safety margin is usually deducted from the limit value at which ignition of any material in the protected area is prevented.
  • the oxygen concentration is usually maintained at a control concentration lower than an operating concentration.
  • the control concentration is a control range of the residual oxygen concentration in the inerted protection zone, within which the oxygen concentration is maintained during the reignition phase. That control range is limited by an upper limit, the turn-on threshold for the primary source of the inert gas fire extinguishing system, and a lower limit, the turn-off threshold of the primary source of the inert gas fire extinguishing system.
  • the control concentration is maintained by repeatedly introducing inert gas within this control range. That inert gas usually comes from the primary source reservoir of the Inertgasfashionerieschstrom, ie, either the device for generating oxygen displacing gas (eg a nitrogen generator), from gas cylinders or other buffer devices.
  • the object of the present invention is to further develop the inertization process known from the prior art and explained above in such a way that the emergency operation phase is adequate even when an accident involving the primary source occurs is long to effectively prevent inflammation or reignition of the combustible materials in the protected area.
  • Another object is to provide a corresponding inert gas fire extinguishing system for carrying out the method.
  • control concentration and the operating concentration are reduced so far below the specified for the protection range design concentration that the increase curve of the oxygen content in case of failure of the primary source determined for the protection area limit concentration only in reached a predetermined time.
  • the technical problem underlying the present invention is further solved by a device for carrying out the above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that the primary source and / or the secondary source an oxygen displacing gas generating machine, a bottle battery, a buffer volume or an oxygen depriving or similar machine.
  • the advantages of the invention are, in particular, that an inerting method that is easy to implement and thereby very effective for reducing the risk of fire in an enclosed protected area can be achieved, even in an accident, i. for example, in the event of failure of the primary source from which the inert gas used to adjust the control concentration in the protected area originates, the control concentration for an emergency operation time is maintained by means of a secondary source (alternative 1).
  • a secondary source in this context means any inert gas reservoir, such as e.g. a nitrogen generator, a gas cylinder battery in which the inert gas is in compressed form, or another buffer volume.
  • the term "secondary source” is to be understood as meaning a reservoir which is redundant from the primary source, which in turn may be, for example, a nitrogen generator, a bottle battery or any buffer volume.
  • An essential aspect of the present invention lies in the fact that the secondary source is redundantly designed by the primary source, in order to decouple both systems from each other and to reduce the susceptibility of the inertization process. It is provided that the secondary source is designed to maintain the control concentration in case of failure of the primary source for a Not sunnyszeit, which is sufficiently long to provide, for example, at least a 10-minute photosündungsphase or an 8-hour emergency operation phase in the protection area, in which the oxygen content in the protected area does not rise above the reburn prevention level.
  • the limit concentration is, for example, the backfire prevention level of the shelter.
  • This is an oxygen concentration which ensures that flammable substances in the protected area can no longer be ignited. It is envisaged to lower the operating concentration from the outset so far that the increase curve the oxygen concentration reaches the limit only after a certain time.
  • This predetermined time is, for example 10, 30 or 60 minutes for a fire extinguishing system and 8, 24 or 36 hours for a fire prevention system to service personnel with spare parts arrives, and thus allows a realization of a re-ignition phase or emergency operation phase in which the oxygen content does not have a Recirculation preventing level increases and thus effectively prevents ignition or re-ignition of fires in the protected area.
  • the primary source and / or the secondary source any reservoir, such as a machine that generates an oxygen displacing gas, a bottle battery in which the inert gas is in compressed form, another buffer volume, or even an oxygen depriving or similar machine is.
  • a machine that generates an oxygen displacing gas such as a machine that generates an oxygen displacing gas, a bottle battery in which the inert gas is in compressed form, another buffer volume, or even an oxygen depriving or similar machine is.
  • it is also conceivable to extract oxygen from the ambient air for example with the aid of fuel cells.
  • secondary sources both stationary and mobile devices come into question, such as extinguishing agent tanks with evaporator on a truck. Switching between the primary and secondary sources is either manual or automatic.
  • the operating concentration is equal to or approximately equal to a design concentration determined for the protection range.
  • the failure safety distance is determined taking into account a valid for the protection area air exchange rate, in particular an n 50 - value of the protection area, and / or the pressure difference between the protection area and the environment.
  • a valid for the protection area air exchange rate in particular an n 50 - value of the protection area, and / or the pressure difference between the protection area and the environment.
  • the failure safety distance is greater, the greater the n 50 value of the target area.
  • the design concentration be lowered by a safety margin below the limit concentration determined for the protection zone.
  • a detector is further provided for detecting a fire characteristic, wherein the oxygen content in the protected area upon detection of an incipient fire or a fire is rapidly lowered to the control concentration when the oxygen content was previously at a higher level.
  • the oxygen content in the protected area is lowered to a specific basic inerting level of, for example, 17% by volume and, in the event of a fire, the oxygen content is lowered further to the standard concentration level to a specific full inerting level.
  • a basic inerting level of 17% by volume oxygen concentration does not pose any risk to persons or animals, so that they can still easily enter the room.
  • Setting the Vollinertmaschinespars or the control concentration can be set either after the detection of a conflagration, but it would also be conceivable here that this level is set, for example, at night when no persons enter the room in question. In the rule concentration, the flammability of all materials in the shelter is reduced so much that they can no longer ignite.
  • control range is about ⁇ 0.2 vol .-% and preferably at most ⁇ 0.2 vol .-% oxygen content to the control concentration in the shelter.
  • This is a range defined by upper and lower thresholds, which are about 0.4% by volume and preferably at most 0.4% by volume apart.
  • the two thresholds indicate the residual oxygen concentrations, where the secondary source is turned on or off to maintain or reach the setpoint when the primary source fails.
  • other orders of magnitude for the control range are also conceivable here.
  • the regulation of the oxygen content in the protected area takes into account the air exchange rate, in particular the n 50 value of the protected area and / or the pressure difference between protected area and environment.
  • This is a value that describes the ratio of the generated leakage volume flow in relation to the existing volume of space at a pressure difference to the environment of 50 Pa generated.
  • the n 50 value is thus a measure of the tightness of the protected area and thus a decisive factor for dimensioning the inert gas fire extinguishing system or for the design of the inertization process with regard to the reliability of the primary source.
  • the n 50 value is determined by means of a so-called BlowerDoor measurement, in order to be able to assess the tightness of the enclosing components bounding the protected area.
  • a so-called BlowerDoor measurement in order to be able to assess the tightness of the enclosing components bounding the protected area.
  • a standardized overpressure or underpressure of 10 to 60 Pa is generated in the protected area.
  • the air escapes through the leakage surfaces of the enclosing components to the outside or penetrates there.
  • a corresponding measuring device measures the required volume flow to maintain the pressure difference of, for example, 50 Pa required for the measurement.
  • a measuring program calculates the n 50 value, which refers to the generated pressure difference of 50 Pa in a standardized manner.
  • the BlowerDoor measurement is to be carried out before the concrete design of the inertization method according to the invention, in particular before the design of the inventively provided, redundant from the primary source secondary source or before the design of the fail-safe distance in the alternative
  • the calculation of the extinguishing agent quantity for maintaining the control concentration in the protected area takes place taking into account the air exchange rate n 50 . Accordingly, it is possible to change the size or capacity of the primary source and / or the secondary source as a function of the n 50 value and thus adapted exactly to the protected area.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of a time course of the oxygen concentration in a protected area, wherein the operating concentration BK and the control concentration RK of the oxygen content according to the first alternative of the inertization process according to the invention are maintained by means of a secondary source.
  • the ordinate axis represents the oxygen content in the protected area and the abscissa axis represents the time.
  • the oxygen content in the protected area is already at a so-called full inertization level lowered, ie to a lower than an operating concentration BK control concentration RK.
  • the operating concentration BK exactly the design concentration AK.
  • the design concentration AK is an oxygen concentration value in the protection region, which is fundamentally below a limit concentration GK specific to the protection region.
  • the limiting concentration GK which is often called the "re-ignition prevention level" refers to the oxygen content in the atmosphere of the protected area, in which a defined substance with a defined ignition source can no longer be ignited.
  • the respective value of the limit concentration GK must be determined experimentally and determines the basis for the determination of the design concentration AK. For this purpose, a safety discount is deducted from the limit concentration GK.
  • the operating concentration BK must not be greater than the design concentration AK.
  • the operating concentration BK is determined taking into account the safety concept for the inert gas fire extinguishing system or the inerting process used.
  • the distance between the operating concentration BK and the design concentration AK is preferably chosen to be as small as possible, because beyond the necessary level of protection, lowering the oxygen concentration leads to an increased use of extinguishing agents or inert gas.
  • time course of the oxygen concentration is also a control concentration RK indicated, which is centered in a control range, wherein the upper limit of the control range is identical to the operating concentration BK.
  • the control concentration RK represents a concentration value by which the oxygen concentration fluctuates within the protection range. It is provided that the fluctuations take place in the control area. If the oxygen content in the control range now reaches the upper limit (here the operating concentration BK), the oxygen content in the protected area is lowered again by introducing inert gas until the lower limit of the control range is reached, whereupon a further introduction of inert gas into the protected area is halted.
  • the upper limit of the control range corresponds to an upper threshold value for introducing the inert gas and the lower limit of the control range corresponds to a lower threshold value at which further supply of the inert gas to the protected range is omitted.
  • the upper threshold corresponds to activating a primary or secondary source and the lower threshold corresponds to deactivating the primary or secondary source.
  • the secondary source is redundant from the primary source.
  • the time in which by introducing the inert gas from a primary source and the Not sunnyszeit at which in the failure of the primary source, the control concentration RK is maintained by the secondary source is advantageously so long that an emergency operating phase is provided in which the oxygen content in the protected area Design concentration does not exceed AK and thus ignites ignition of materials in the protected area continues.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section of a time course of the oxygen concentration in a protection area, wherein the operating concentration BK and the control concentration RK of the oxygen content are lowered below the design concentration AK of the protection area according to the second alternative of the inerting process according to the invention.
  • the difference to Fig. 1 lies in the fact that in this case the design concentration AK no longer coincides with the operating concentration BK. Instead, the operating concentration BK and thus also the control concentration RK with the associated control range is shifted downwards, wherein the spacing between the design concentration AK and the operating concentration BK corresponds to a fail-safe distance ASA.
  • the design concentration AK no longer coincides with the operating concentration BK.
  • the operating concentration BK and thus also the control concentration RK with the associated control range is shifted downwards, wherein the spacing between the design concentration AK and the operating concentration BK corresponds to a fail-safe distance ASA.
  • the oxygen concentration in the protection region is maintained by alternately turning the primary source on and off in the control region by the control concentration RK.
  • the fail-safe distance ASA is selected such that in case of failure of the primary source, the increase curve of the oxygen content in the protection area, the limiting concentration BK or reaches the re-ignition prevention level only in a predetermined time. That time is preferably chosen so as to ensure an emergency operation phase which is long enough to prevent ignition or re-ignition of materials in the protected area before restarting the fire prevention or fire extinguishing system.
  • Fig. 3 shows a profile of the oxygen content in a protected area, in which case the second alternative of the method according to the invention is implemented in the inerting process.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 here represents the ordinate axis the oxygen content in the protection area and the abscissa axis the time dar Fig. 3 Initially, an oxygen concentration of 21% by volume is present in the protected area.
  • a fire prevention system begins at time t 0 , the oxygen content in the protection area is rapidly lowered to the control concentration RK. As shown, the oxygen concentration in the protection region reaches the re-ignition prevention level GK at time t 1 and the control concentration RK at time t 2 .
  • the period from t 0 to t 2 is referred to as Clearabsenkung.
  • a subsequent directly to the initial lowering fire protection phase is provided for effective fire prevention.
  • the oxygen concentration in the protected area is kept below the recirculation prevention level GK.
  • this is done by inert gas or oxygen displacing gas is introduced from the primary source, if necessary, in the scope to keep the oxygen concentration in the control range by the control concentration RK and below the operating concentration BK.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
EP03029927A 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos eines Brandes Revoked EP1550481B1 (de)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK03029927.5T DK1550481T3 (da) 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Fremgangsmåde til inertisering for at mindske risikoen for brand
EP03029927A EP1550481B1 (de) 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos eines Brandes
ES03029927T ES2399215T3 (es) 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Procedimiento de inertización para la disminución del riesgo de un incendio
UAA200606995A UA86045C2 (uk) 2003-12-29 2004-11-23 Спосіб інертизації для зниження ризику пожежі
AU2004308568A AU2004308568B2 (en) 2003-12-29 2004-11-23 Inertisation method for reducing the risk of fire
JP2006545948A JP4818932B2 (ja) 2003-12-29 2004-11-23 火災の危険性を減少させるための不活性化方法
CN200480035850XA CN1889999B (zh) 2003-12-29 2004-11-23 降低火灾风险的非活性化方法
US10/584,905 US7854270B2 (en) 2003-12-29 2004-11-23 Inertization method for reducing the risk of fire
CA2551226A CA2551226C (en) 2003-12-29 2004-11-23 Inertisation method for reducing the risk of fire
RU2006123037/12A RU2318560C1 (ru) 2003-12-29 2004-11-23 Способ инертизации для уменьшения риска пожара
PCT/EP2004/013285 WO2005063337A1 (de) 2003-12-29 2004-11-23 Inertisierungsverfahren zur minderung des risikos eines brandes
TW093138311A TWI302843B (en) 2003-12-29 2004-12-10 Inertisierungsverfahren zur minderung des risikos eines brandes
HK05108473.4A HK1076415A1 (en) 2003-12-29 2005-09-26 Inerting method for decreasing the risk of a fire
NO20063302A NO20063302L (no) 2003-12-29 2006-07-17 Inertiseringsfremgangsmate for reduksjon av brannrisiko

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03029927A EP1550481B1 (de) 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos eines Brandes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1550481A1 EP1550481A1 (de) 2005-07-06
EP1550481B1 true EP1550481B1 (de) 2012-12-19

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ID=34560176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03029927A Revoked EP1550481B1 (de) 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos eines Brandes

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US7854270B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1550481B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4818932B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1889999B (zh)
AU (1) AU2004308568B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2551226C (zh)
DK (1) DK1550481T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2399215T3 (zh)
HK (1) HK1076415A1 (zh)
NO (1) NO20063302L (zh)
RU (1) RU2318560C1 (zh)
TW (1) TWI302843B (zh)
UA (1) UA86045C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005063337A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SI1911498T1 (sl) * 2006-10-11 2009-04-30 Amrona Ag Večstopenjski inertizacijski postopek za preprečevanje in gašenje požarov v zaprtih prostorih
UA96456C2 (uk) * 2007-08-01 2011-11-10 Амрона Аг Спосіб інертизації для зниження ризику раптового виникнення пожежі у замкненому просторі, а також пристрій для реалізації цього способу
SI2136148T1 (sl) 2008-06-18 2010-11-30 Amrona Ag Naprava in postopek za nastavitev stopnje prepuščanja skozi tesnilne reže rotacijskega toplotnega izmenjevalca
EP3141287B1 (de) * 2012-10-29 2022-09-14 Amrona AG Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bestimmen und/oder überwachen der luftdichtigkeit eines umschlossenen raumes
EP2881149B1 (de) * 2013-12-04 2018-02-28 Amrona AG Sauerstoffreduzierungsanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Sauerstoffreduzierungsanlage
TR201802143T4 (tr) * 2015-07-02 2018-03-21 Amrona Ag Oksijen azaltma sistemi ve bir oksijen azaltma sisteminin yapılandırılmasına yönelik yöntem.
CN115382348A (zh) * 2022-08-26 2022-11-25 苏州班顺工业气体设备有限公司 一种节能型制氮方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2004308568A1 (en) 2005-07-14
TW200534894A (en) 2005-11-01
US7854270B2 (en) 2010-12-21
CA2551226A1 (en) 2005-07-14
JP4818932B2 (ja) 2011-11-16
TWI302843B (en) 2008-11-11
DK1550481T3 (da) 2013-02-11
HK1076415A1 (en) 2006-01-20
WO2005063337A1 (de) 2005-07-14
CN1889999A (zh) 2007-01-03
EP1550481A1 (de) 2005-07-06
RU2318560C1 (ru) 2008-03-10
CN1889999B (zh) 2012-11-14
ES2399215T3 (es) 2013-03-26
NO20063302L (no) 2006-09-28
CA2551226C (en) 2011-10-11
JP2007516755A (ja) 2007-06-28
AU2004308568B2 (en) 2010-08-26
UA86045C2 (uk) 2009-03-25
US20080011492A1 (en) 2008-01-17

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