EP1515408A2 - Bougie de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée - Google Patents
Bougie de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1515408A2 EP1515408A2 EP04292188A EP04292188A EP1515408A2 EP 1515408 A2 EP1515408 A2 EP 1515408A2 EP 04292188 A EP04292188 A EP 04292188A EP 04292188 A EP04292188 A EP 04292188A EP 1515408 A2 EP1515408 A2 EP 1515408A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- candle
- spark plug
- winding
- electrodes
- resonator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
- F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/40—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices
- H01T13/44—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices with transformers, e.g. for high-frequency ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P3/00—Other installations
- F02P3/01—Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the plasma generation in a gas, and more especially plasma generation candles to integrated inductance.
- Plasma generation is especially used for the controlled ignition of engines internal combustion by the electrodes of a candle.
- Ignition of internal combustion engines essence, consisting in initiating the combustion of a air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber said engine, is relatively well controlled in the current engines.
- spark-ignition engines with indirect injection conventionally, a candle and a upstream electronic device can generate a spark capable of transmitting to the mixture a sufficient energy for its combustion.
- the formation of this discharge requires breakdown voltages high (of the order of 30 kV per mm), so that one limits the inter-electrode space of the candles to approximately 1 mm, relatively unfavorable distance to the initiation of combustion.
- stratified mixtures have therefore been developed.
- a stratified blend presents a wealth that decreases at as you move away from the candle.
- the stratification of the mixture in the combustion chamber is for example obtained by guiding the fuel jet so that the jet meets the candle at the moment of the production of the spark.
- the guidance of the jet is especially obtained by aerodynamic phenomena, generated for example by a suitable form of the piston.
- New spark plugs on the surface produce larger sparks to treat the problem of the space-time appointment. We turn on thus a higher mixing volume. The probability initiation of combustion is then very widely increased in an ignition direct injection engine ordered and laminated mix.
- Such candles are especially described in patent applications FR97-14799, FR99-09473 and FR00-13821. Such candles generate significant sparks from reduced potential differences.
- the candles to surface sparks exhibit a dielectric separating the electrodes in the area where the distance the separating is the weakest; we guide sparks formed between the electrodes on the surface dielectric. These candles amplify the inter-electrode field on the surface of the dielectric. We charge for this gradually the basic abilities formed by the dielectric and an underlying electrode.
- the candles generate a spark propagating along the surface of the insulation in areas where the field electric in the air is the strongest.
- a device conventional engine ignition coupled with such candles typically generates sparks presenting a length of 4 mm with breakdown voltages between 5 and 25 kV.
- the discharge has a probability of substantially identical appearance anywhere around insulation.
- classical candles generate an electric arc occurring systematically in the same volume extremely reduced.
- This ignition method by plasma generation still has disadvantages. It happens in particular a passage to the arc following a single line. The initiation of combustion is not optimal.
- branched plasma used later refers to the simultaneous generation of at least several lines or ionization paths in a given volume, their branches are also omnidirectional.
- a plasma of volume implies the warming of the whole volume in which he has to generated, the branched plasma only requires the heating in the path of formed sparks. So, for a given volume, the energy required for a plasma branched is significantly lower than that required by a volume plasma.
- the invention makes it possible to reduce the capacities internal parasites of a plasma generation candle and so to get a candle forming a resonator series with a high overvoltage coefficient.
- This candle can maintain a tension radiofrequency between its electrodes for generation of a plasma.
- Combustion density will be called any molar density of gas greater than 5 * 10 -2 mol / L.
- a stream of positive ionization propagating from the anode will be referred to as a streamer.
- the invention proposes to integrate a series resonator having a resonant frequency greater than 1 MHz in a candle.
- the electrodes of the candle are connected to the terminals of this series resonator.
- Figure 1 illustrates details of the structure of a surface spark spark plug for which the application of a radiofrequency excitation is particularly advantageous. We go previously describe the operation of such candle.
- the surface effect candle 110 includes a head of candle destined to debouch in the room of combustion in the lower wall of the cylinder head of an engine.
- the candle comprises an electrode cylindrical low voltage that serves as a metal base 103 for screwing into a recess made in the engine cylinder head and opening inside the combustion chamber.
- the pellet 103 is intended to be electrically connected to the ground.
- the cap 103 surrounds a high voltage electrode cylindrical 106 disposed in a central position.
- the electrode 106 is intended to be connected to a generator of a high ignition voltage.
- the electrode 106 is isolated from the cap 103 via a insulating sleeve 100.
- the insulating sleeve is constituted of a material whose relative permittivity is greater than 3, for example a ceramic.
- the candle has a space 105 separating the dielectric 100 and one end of the electrode 103.
- the electrode 106 and the insulating sleeve 100 protrude by a length 1 outside the base 103.
- This length 1 corresponds substantially to the length of the spark generated when a high voltage is applied between the electrodes 106 and 103.
- the base or low voltage electrode 103 includes monobloc a body and a connecting piece supporting a collapsed flange 101.
- the flange 101 has a beveled edge extending nearby immediate of the surface of the insulation 100.
- the dielectric 100 creates a field amplification electrostatic in the air in its vicinity.
- the spark generated between the beveled edge of the flange 101 of the base 103 and a free end 104 of the electrode 106 is propagated on the surface of the insulation 100, where the electric field in the air is the strongest.
- the formation of a spark is initiated by tearing in the middle of a few electrons subject to an important electric field.
- electrons of the collar are accelerated by the electrostatic forces generated and strike molecules of the air.
- the end of the collar is the area that undergoes the most electrostatic field important, and thus constitutes the starting point of the first avalanche.
- the molecules of the air release a electron and an ionizing photon in turn other molecules of air.
- a chain reaction ionizes the air in the space 105 between the electrode 103 and the dielectric 100.
- the gas space 105 makes it possible to perform a prior ionization with a difference potential between the electrodes 103 and 106 relatively limited.
- a conductive channel is thus created, as illustrated in Figure 2.
- the broken lines represent equipotentials of the electrostatic field when a high voltage is applied between the electrodes 103 and 106.
- FIG. 3 represents an example of amplitude of electrostatic field between the end of the flange 101 and the end of the electrode 106, A designating the end of the flange, B designating the end 104 of the electrode 106.
- the insulation is separated of the electrode 103 by an air space.
- This space is not essential for the operation of the candle but facilitates the making of the candle with a collar with a very sharp angle near the surface of the insulation. It also reduces the influence of fouling phenomena.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents the electrostatic field when leaving an avalanche.
- the present invention proposes, other, an electrical excitation capable of reversing the polarity of the global field imposed before the electrons could not recombine with the atoms present in the middle.
- a polarization wave propagates thus oscillatory way at the frequency of the excitation, recovering at each period the charges deposited at the previous period.
- Each alternation then produces a wave propagation larger than the previous; it is thus possible to obtain sparks of very long lengths with voltage amplitudes between the electrodes relatively limited.
- Radio frequency excitation also removes voltage variations from breakdown between successive cycles.
- electrodes and a insulation showing materials and geometry suitable for initiating combustion in a mixture with a density of combustion and to resist the plasma thus formed For an application to automotive ignition, the skilled person will use electrodes and a insulation showing materials and geometry suitable for initiating combustion in a mixture with a density of combustion and to resist the plasma thus formed.
- Plasma thus formed has many advantages in the context of automotive ignition: significant reduction in the rate of misfires in a stratified lean mixture system, reduction of wear of the electrodes and adaptation of the ignition initiation volume to density function. It is found that the excitation described is adapted to achieve ignition of a mixture having a density greater than 5 * 10 -2 mol / L. For this ignition application, the generator applies the excitation between 1.5 and 200 times per second, with an application duty ratio of between 10 and 1000, and preferably between 72 and 720.
- the radiofrequency excitation described is also adapted to a plasma deposition application in a gas having a density of between 10 -2 mol / L and 5 * 10 -2 mol / L.
- the gas used in this application may typically be nitrogen.
- the radiofrequency excitation is further adapted to an application for the depollution of a gas having a density of between 10 -2 mol / L and 5 * 10 -2 mol / L.
- the radiofrequency excitation is further adapted to a lighting application using a gas having a molar density of between 0.2 mol / L and 1 mol / L.
- the AC voltage of the amplifier 5 is applied on the resonator LC 6.
- the resonator LC 6 applies the alternating voltage according to the invention between the electrodes 103 and 106 of the candle head.
- the voltage supplied by the power supply 3 is less than 1000V and the power supply presents preferably a limited power. We can thus foresee that the energy applied between the electrodes is limited to 300mJ per ignition, for reasons of security. We also restrict the intensity in the voltage generator 2 and its power consumption.
- the power supply 3 can include a 12 Volt to Y Volt converter, Y being the voltage supplied by the power supply to the amplifier. We can thus generate the level of desired DC voltage from a voltage of drums.
- the stability of the DC voltage generated being a priori not a decisive criterion, we can plan to use a switching power supply for power the amplifier, for its qualities of robustness and simplicity.
- This voltage generator helps to focus the highest voltages on the resonator 6.
- the amplifier 5 thus deals with the tensions a lot smaller than the tensions applied between electrodes: we can therefore use an amplifier 5 reasonable cost and with characteristics of common components for the mass automobile production, whose reliability is furthermore proven.
- such a generator of voltage has a relatively large number of components reduced. There is thus a system for generating voltage with reliability, volume, weight and an attractive production facility, in especially for large series in one application automobile.
- the amplifier 5 can accumulate energy in the resonator 6 at each alternation of its voltage.
- a class 5 amplifier will preferably be used E, as detailed in US Pat. No. 5,187,580.
- amplifier can maximize the factor of surge.
- Such an amplifier achieves switching out of phase with the amplifier described in US Pat. No. 3,919,656 which aims to achieve switching at zero voltage and / or intensity and does not optimize the surge factor of the amplifier.
- the skilled person will associate well heard a switching device adapted to the chosen amplifier, to support the requirements of mounted in tension and have a speed of adequate switching.
- the preferred class E amplifier features a parallel resonator 62.
- This parallel resonator 62 is preferably made on the same map as the amplifier 5 and its switching control 4.
- the parallel resonator 62 temporarily stores the energy provided by the amplifier 5, and provides periodically this energy to the series 61 resonator.
- an amplifier 5 With specified supply voltage values in addition, an amplifier 5 will be used having an overvoltage coefficient of the order of 3. This overvoltage coefficient corresponds to the ratio between the voltage supplied by the low power supply voltage 3 and amplitude between peaks of voltage applied on the series resonator.
- the coefficient of overvoltage of the resonator series 61 associated is then of preferably between 40 and 200.
- the coefficient of overvoltage of the series resonator is notably limited by its angle of loss.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an electric model of this resonator.
- the inductance series 65 has in series an inductance L and a resistor Rs taking into account the skin effect in the radiofrequency domain.
- the capacitor 119 has in parallel a capacitance C and a resistor Rp.
- the resistor Rp corresponds, if appropriate, to the dissipation in the ceramic of the spark plug.
- the maximization of the overvoltage coefficient Q is then equivalent to the minimization of The VS .
- a high capacitance C and a reduced inductance L are then preferably selected.
- amplifiers 5 In general, we will use preferably an amplifier having a transistor MOSFET power as 51 commander switch the commutations at the terminals of the resonator 6.
- the Figures 7 and 8 illustrate two embodiments amplifiers 5 including M4 MOSFETs, such as Switches 51. Amplitude and frequency concerning the voltage to be generated between electrodes can be solved with a transistor Power MOSFET with characteristics following: insulation greater than 500 V, one drain current capacity greater than 30 A, a switching time less than 20 ns (and preferably of the order of 10ns in case of use of a servo loop) and a capacity in grid current up to 10A.
- This MOSFET transistor will also present preferably an inductance of less than 7 nH on its connections between its active silicon surface and the circuit board on which it is implanted. We avoid thus transients during high voltage peaks which would be detrimental to the rapid switching of the transistor.
- Figure 7 shows a first mode of realization of an amplifier 5 having such a switching control transistor M4.
- a midpoint transformer 56 is interposed between the command 4 and the M4 power MOSFET.
- the MOSFET M4 power can be controlled very quickly with a symmetrical voltage able to block it effectively. Indeed, the application of a tension negative on the gate of the MOSFET M4 allows to compensate for overvoltages caused by inductance M4 link with the rest of the circuit. The blocking of the transistor is thus facilitated, especially since negative voltage can discharge the capacity grid-drain particularly quickly.
- the amplifier 5 shown comprises two intermediate transistors M1 and M2 arranged for alternately feed the coils L1 and L2 of the primary of the midpoint transformer.
- a circuit 57 applies control signals respective on transistors M1 and M2.
- the signals of order do not overlap temporally for avoid a short circuit in the primary. Signals order also advantageously have substantially equal activation times to limit the magnetizing current in the transformer 56. It can be also compensate for unequal times activation by a high value of the inductor magnetising transformer 56.
- the timing diagram in Figure 9 illustrates different signals during the excitation of the series 61 resonator.
- curve 91 represents the current flowing through the resonator series 61.
- Curve 92 illustrates the voltage of the MOSFET M4 grid.
- Curve 93 illustrates the voltage at the input of the series 61 resonator.
- the amplifier 5 is advantageously integrated on a same circuit board 8. It is thus possible to integrate the transformer 56, the transistors M1 to M4 and the control circuit 57 on the same printed circuit, according to the diagram shown in Figure 10. We get so for a reduced cost an amplifier 5 very compact. The leakage inductance of the transformer and surges at the terminals of intermediate transistors M1 and M2.
- the left part of Figure 10 represents several elements of the amplifier 5 and their connections.
- the central part of Figure 10 represents the transistors M1 and M2 and their winding respective L11 and L12.
- the right part of Figure 10 schematically represents the different elements integrated on the printed circuit board 8.
- the assembly formed by transistors M1 to M4, coils L11, L12 and L2, is preferably disposed on an edge of the circuit 8.
- the windings can thus be arranged in the air gap of a split torus 81.
- FIG. 8 represents a second embodiment of an amplifier 5 having a MOSFET switching control transistor M4.
- the gates of the transistors M1 and M2 are linked. Transistors M1 and M2 thus switch simultaneously.
- the bipolar transistor M3 is therefore mounted as a follower. When M1 and M2 conduct, the bipolar transistor M3 is off, and therefore the MOSFET transistor M4 is also blocked.
- Intermediate transistors M1 and M2 having the following characteristics are preferably used: a control voltage of 5V, a nominal intensity of 8A at this voltage, a resistance R on less than 150 milliOhm and a response time of less than 20ns.
- a servo amplifier 5 the charge current applied to the resonator.
- the amplifier 5 thus has a device for measure 54 of the current applied to the input of the resonator 6.
- the instruction is applied to an input 58 of a comparator.
- the output signal of the comparator is applied on an amplification device 53 schematically represented.
- the enslavement is for example achieved by reinjecting in the amplifier 5 a voltage proportional to the current flowing in the load.
- the parallel resistance R2 of the transformer secondary fills preferentially two functions of servitude: the feedback of a signal proportional to the current in the load, and the phase shift of the intensity crossing the load in depending on its resistance value.
- FIG. 14 thus presents an example of transformer made on a printed circuit, facilitating the obtaining of such characteristics.
- the left part of Figure 14 represents independently the useful layers of the printed circuit.
- the right part of the figure represents these superimposed layers and assemblies.
- the conductive element 151 forms the primary of a transformer, and is arranged on a first face of the substrate 152. This conductive element 151 is in the example realized in substantially wire form.
- the conductive elements 153 and 154 form the secondary of the transformer. These conductive elements 153 and 154 are arranged on a second face of substrate 152, opposite the conductive element 152.
- the elements 153 and 154 are electrically connected on the one hand following the dotted line, and on the other hand by resistance 155. Resistance 155 can be used to measure the through current the conductive element 151 and to form the module of phase shift 55 described above.
- the LC 6 resonator includes a series 61 resonator and a parallel resonator 62.
- the series 61 resonator has a 119 series capacitance and a series inductor 65.
- the structure servo control includes an astable oscillator 52 (eg a slot generator) to generate the first alternations in the 119 series capacity and stabilize the oscillations in steady state.
- the servo structure adds the current measurement signal and the signal of the astable oscillator 52 and thus allows the amplifier in class E to achieve the commutations at the most favorable moments.
- the first niche generated by the oscillator 52 is approximately twice as much shorter than the following: thus, we can initialize the current in the series 65 inductance to the value of this current in steady state.
- the parallel resonator 62 includes an inductor 621 and a capacitor 622 arranged in parallel. All impulses to inductance 621 and capacitance 622 terminals are then equal. We can avoid over-dimensioning the switch 51 and exploit it optimally.
- Figure 12 shows a second variant.
- the control signal applied to the switch 51 generates a low voltage time slot, that is to say of the order of 5 ⁇ s, initiating the first alternation in the resonator 6.
- the servo signal then controls the switch 51.
- the loop of feedback of the present servo structure a high gain.
- the initial impulse operational servoing is sufficiently short, and the current flowing through the switch 51 remains reasonable. It is not necessary to oversize the switch 51 to perform the starting the servo, especially when the switch is formed of a MOSFET transistor of power.
- An advantageous combination of the parallel resonator 62 and Series 61 resonator optimizes operation of the system when the natural frequency of the resonator parallel 62 is slightly greater than that of resonator series 61.
- the voltage pulse generated by closing the switch transistor M4 has a duration less than the half-period of the resonator series 61.
- the impulse when closing the transistor switch M4 is anticipated by the diode internal inverse of the M4 transistor when the voltage of its drain passes by a null value.
- the upper limit value the currents in the transistor M4.
- the impedance characteristic of the parallel resonator 62 then approximately 32 ohms.
- the parallel resonator 62 can consider that the abilities between the turns of inductance 621 will be negligible compared to the capacity of the capacitor 622. It can therefore be realized the inductor 621 in the form of a superposition of substantially circular conductive tracks 623, carried out on the superimposed layers of a circuit printed. Examples of inductance structures 621 printed circuit boards are shown in FIGS. 16. The embodiments of these figures allow thus to realize a 621 inductor without core of ferrite. This reduces the cost and improves the performance of the inductor 621.
- each track 623 is surrounded of a closed loop 625, in order to reduce the radiation inductance 621 formed by the tracks.
- FIG. 15 represents a variant having a top layer and a layer lower that does not have a coil track.
- the upper layer and the lower layer present each a connection terminal 624 of the inductor 621.
- FIG. 16 represents a variant, in which the lower layer and the layer each have a coil track and a connection terminal. Curved lines 626 joining a connection pad at a connection terminal 624 represent an electrical connection reported on these printed circuit layers.
- each resonator 6 corresponds to a respective combustion chamber 141 and 142, both combustion chambers being in phase opposition.
- the amplifier 5 is controlled so that the voltage ignition is generated at a time during the compression and during relaxation for each room of combustion. Indeed, compression in a room 141 is synchronized with the trigger 142 in the other. When generating the voltage, the snapping in the relaxation room 142 is a lot faster than in the compression chamber 141. In indeed, the gas density in the relaxation chamber is much lower than the density in the chamber in compression.
- the equivalent discharge resistance of the relaxation chamber 142 is thus much more higher than that of the chamber in compression.
- the candle present in the chamber in compression continues then its rise in tension until breakdown.
- the gas density in the room in relaxation is weak enough not to change so annoying the overvoltage coefficient in the chamber in compression; the spark generation in the chamber in compression is thus undisturbed by the generating the voltage in the other chamber.
- FIG 18 shows a sectional view of a candle advantageously integrating a series resonator 61.
- the spark plug 110 has a connection terminal 131, connected to a first end of a winding inductive 112.
- the second end of winding inductive 112 is connected to an inner end of the high voltage electrode 106. This end is also in contact with an insulating element 111 forming the capacitor.
- the electrodes 103 and 106 are in this example separated by the dielectric material 100 for guiding the sparks between these electrodes.
- the 61 series resonator built into the 110 candle includes the inductive winding 112 and the insulating element 100 also forming the capacitor between the electrodes 103 and 106.
- the capacitor and the inductive winding 112 are arranged in series.
- the resonator series capacitance series 61 is formed of capacitor and capacitors internal parasites of the candle.
- This capacity 119 is arranged in series with an inductor 65 to form the 61 series resonator.
- the length of the connection between the inductance and the capacitor being thus reduced, reduces parasitic capacitances in the candle. It is thus easy to obtain a coefficient of overvoltage of the series resonator within the preferred range from 40 to 200 described above.
- the candle 110 is thus used to maintain the AC voltage between the electrodes 103 and 106, in the field of desired frequency.
- the series resonator built into the present candle preferably a single winding 112, facilitating the making such a candle.
- the only inductive coil 112 preferably has an axis (identified by the line dotted line) and consists of a plurality of superimposed turns along its axis. We thus hear that the projection of a turn is identical to the projection of all the turns along this axis. We then limit parasitic capacitances by not superimposing turns radially.
- the candle furthermore advantageously comprises a shielding 132 connected to a mass and surrounding the inductive winding 112.
- the field lines are thus closed within shielding 132.
- Shielding 132 thus reduces electromagnetic emissions parasite of the candle 110.
- the winding 112 can in effect generate intense electromagnetic fields with the radiofrequency excitation that is envisaged to apply between the electrodes. These fields can notably disrupt embedded systems of a vehicle or exceed thresholds defined in standards resignation.
- the shield 132 is preferably constituted a non-ferrous material with high conductivity, such than copper. One can use a loop conductor as shielding 132.
- the optimal ratio between their diameter is worth the number from Euler, approximately 2.72, if you want minimize the maximum electric field generated at the surface of the turns. This avoids phenomena of breakdown causing energy dissipation in the candle. We will then preferably choose a report between their diameter between 2.45 and 3.
- the use of two coils 112 wound on one another and connected in parallel makes it possible to reduce the resistance of the winding formed.
- the skin effect significantly increasing the resistance of the winding in the radio frequency range, is minimized by the winding one over the other of these two windings.
- the optimum ratio between the diameter of the shield 132 and the coil 112 is 2 by winding on one another two windings 112 connected in parallel by their ends.
- the two coils wound on one another have slightly different winding diameters and therefore slightly different inductances, which can disturb the operation of the candle in the radio frequency range. It has been determined that for the value 2 mentioned above, the difference of the inductances did not disturb the operation of the candle in the radiofrequency domain. In this case, a ratio of diameters between 1.35 and 1.5 will preferably be chosen.
- the coil 112 and the shield 132 are of preferably separated by an insulating sleeve 133 into one suitable dielectric material, in order to further reduce the risk of breakdown or effluvia, the cause of energy dissipation.
- the dielectric material may for example be one of the silicone resins marketed under the references Elastosil M4601, Elastosil RTV-2 or Elastosil RT622 (the latter having a breakdown voltage of 25 kV / mm and a dielectric constant of 2.8).
- All materials dielectric of the candle preferably has melting temperatures above 150 ° C.
- the coil-candle when the coil-candle includes several insulating elements contiguous, it exists a significant risk of creating air inclusions at the interface between these elements, especially are made of ceramic. However, for reasons constructive, it is envisaged that the coil-candle in most cases understands several elements contiguous insulators. In particular, the link between the insulation 134 of the coil and the insulator 111 of the head candle is also for the same reasons corona, a very important source of dissipation.
- the technique mentioned above can, according to a new embodiment, be put to use at the level of the ceramic to create equipotentials preventing the formation of electric discharges.
- Figure 19 shows a section of an element insulator 111 of candle head, also solving this problem.
- This insulating element 111 is intended to be associated with an insulating element 133 in the form of resin of silicone.
- This insulating element 111 has a non-circular section and is included in a room circular 136 belonging to the cathode 103. Thus, this element forms passages intended to let the silicone resin during its injection. Resin silicone can thus eliminate most of the air inclusions of the surface of the insulating elements.
- the dielectric material used for the insulation 100 can for example be a ceramic based on alumina, of aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide or silicon carbide.
- the candle 110 presents in in addition to a current measuring winding 139 fulfilling the function of module 54.
- This winding 139 includes several turns surrounding the winding 112.
- the winding 139 is preferably arranged to proximity of the connector 131 and at a distance from the head of candle, in an area where the voltages are relatively bass.
- the candle of the invention can integrate a certain number of other features, such as the seal of seat 130 of Figure 18 disposed against a shoulder of the cathode 103, and intended to ensure the sealing of the breech at the level of the candle light.
- the candle head is the part of the candle that is placed in the gas in which the plasma has to be form.
- This candle head preferably comprises three elements: a central electrode 106, a ground electrode 103 and an insulator 100. Geometry of these elements is decisive for ensuring formation of plasma volume or plasma branched to the desired location of the room, with the optimum properties, especially for ignition (volume important, optimal energy transfer to the gas, etc ).
- Figures 20 to 27 illustrate different configurations of candle heads, advantageously included in candles adapted to generate a plasma between their electrodes and adapted to be powered by radiofrequency excitation.
- Figure 20 shows a first group of variants of candle heads, which we will call candles with capacitive propagation. These geometries of candle have a cathode 103 partially covered by the insulation 100 in the axis of the candle. This geometry generates a capacitive propagation of the spark on the surface of the insulation 100.
- Figure 20.I shows a head geometry of candle known in itself.
- the cathode 103 protrudes axially beyond insulation 100.
- An electric arc can be formed according to this direct route.
- the cathode 103 no longer projecting axially with respect to the insulation 100.
- Insulator 100, cathode 103 and anode 106 substantially form a flat surface, avoiding the forming an electric arc between the anode 106 and the cathode 103.
- the insulation 100 is protruding axially from the ends of the electrodes 103 and 106. This still allows extend the air path between the electrodes 103 and 106.
- the protrusion of the insulator 100 forms a boss round.
- the cathode 103 of this variant is arranged axially recessed with respect to the insulation.
- the central electrode or anode 106 is arranged flush with the insulation.
- Figure 22 proposes to make a cavity or a recess 120 in the insulator in order to amplify the depolarization phenomenon.
- the anode 106 presents also a growing section at its end, at 120.
- the final section of the anode 106 is greater than its intermediate section. This creates axially a vacuum 121 between the end of the anode and the insulator 100, which locally amplifies the electric field.
- the variants intended to avoid the formation of a direct arc between the electrodes function optimally in combination with radiofrequency excitation.
- excitation radiofrequency makes it possible to lengthen and bend the trajectory of the sparks.
- Figures 23 to 25 show examples of peak effect candles characterized by a part pointed anode protruding axially from at one axial end of the insulation and with respect to the cathode.
- Fig. 23 shows an embodiment preferential of a spark plug head effect.
- the anode 106 consists of a core 1061 and a sheath 1062.
- the core 1061 is for example made of copper to promote the evacuation of heat on along the anode 106. This reduces erosion electrochemical end of the anode.
- Sheath 1062 may be made of any suitable material, such only nickel.
- Figure 24 shows several examples of heads of high-tech candles. These candles present thus a ground electrode 103 recessed axially by compared to insulation 100, to reduce the effect capacitive.
- the protruding end of the anode 106 also has a pointed shape.
- Examples 24.II to 24.IV each present a cathode 103 forming an axial recess 122 near insulation 100. This withdrawal 122 furthermore presents a round shape. This increases the capacity of the candle to generate a branched spark. We reduce effect the probability that a plasma will spread only on the surface of the insulation. Plasma thus tends to be distributed in a volume distant from the surface of the insulation 100.
- Examples 24.III and 24.IV show an insulator 100 whose end has a rounded shape 123, to reduce its internal constraints. These constraints are related to the high levels of the fields electrical and temperature gradients nearby from the end of the insulation 100.
- Figure 24.IV includes an anode 106 whose axial end 1063 has several tips. We thus generate a larger number of sparks during the excitement and we split the erosion of the anode 106 on all the points used.
- the candle head of Figure 25 presents thus a solution to this problem.
- the tip of the anode 106 is thus disposed in a counterbore 124 formed in the insulation 100.
- a counterbore and anode forms cylindrical and having diameters whose ratio is equal to the number of Euler. This is expected to preferably the ratio of their diameter is included between 2.45 and 3.
- the insulator 100 protrudes axially relative to the tip of the anode 106.
- the insulation 100 presents also an edge protruding 125 axially relative to the cathode 103.
- FIGS 26 and 27 illustrate heads of candles with dielectric barriers that will be designated by the following by one-eyed candles.
- the anode 106 is completely covered by insulation 100.
- Such candles allow in particular to eliminate the formation of an electric arc between the anode and a piston, and eliminate the erosion of the anode. The life of the candle is so very greatly increased, and can equal the lifespan a heat engine without requiring maintenance. Of such candles only work because of the capacitive character of the insulation 100.
- a blind candle is rendered possible by the use of excitement radio frequency. Applying an excitement radiofrequency between the electrodes of a blind candle is also particularly advantageous. excitation electrodes form loads of space on the outer surface of the insulation. Insulator 100 is then comprises as an anode and a plasma of volume or a branched plasma is generated on its surface. Although the insulation has a relatively low load, the radiofrequency excitation makes it possible to generate a very large number of sparks on the surface of the insulation in a very short time. We can predict in this variant that the insulator 100 forms the capacitor of the resonator. This reduces the energy dissipated in the candle.
- the cathode is constituted by the breech.
- heads of candles represented have a symmetry of revolution around their axis, we can also provide heads candle with other geometries, in the frame of the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- deux électrodes de génération de plasma,
- caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un résonateur série présentant une fréquence de résonance supérieure à 1MHz et comprenant :
- un condensateur muni de deux bornes, et
- un bobinage inductif, le condensateur et le bobinage étant disposés en série,
- Figure 1, un schéma de fonctionnement d'une bougie d'allumage à étincelle de surface;
- Figure 2, la représentation de champs appliqués et de l'étincelle générée entre les électrodes de la bougie durant l'initiation de l'allumage;
- Figure 3, un diagramme du champ électrostatique entre les deux électrodes de la bougie durant l'initiation de l'allumage;
- Figure 4, une représentation schématique du développement d'un streamer pour une unique montée en tension (champ local et champ global);
- Figure 5, une représentation schématique d'un mode de réalisation du système de génération de plasma selon l'invention ;
- Figure 6, un modèle électrique utilisé pour le dimensionnement du résonateur série;
- Figure 7, une variante dans laquelle l'amplificateur comprend un transformateur à point milieu;
- Figure 8, une autre variante du système dans laquelle l'amplificateur comprend une commande de transistor de puissance par un transistor bipolaire;
- Figure 9, des chronogrammes de signaux durant l'excitation du résonateur de la figure 7;
- Figure 10, les différents éléments de l'alimentation de la figure 7 intégrés sur un même circuit;
- Figure 11, une représentation schématique d'une boucle d'asservissement incluse dans l'amplificateur;
- Figure 12, une variante du système comprenant une boucle d'asservissement et des circuits de génération des premières oscillations de tension;
- Figure 13, une autre variante de système comprenant une boucle d'asservissement et des circuits de génération des premières oscillations de tension;
- Figure 14, un exemple de transformateur formant une sonde de courant de l'amplificateur, réalisé sur un circuit imprimé;
- Figure 15, un mode de réalisation d'une inductance parallèle sur un circuit imprimé;
- Figure 16, un autre mode de réalisation d'une inductance parallèle sur un circuit imprimé;
- Figure 17, une variante d'un système présentant une alimentation et un amplificateur communs pour deux résonateurs;
- Figures 18 et 19, des représentations schématiques en coupe d'un exemple de bougie utilisable dans le système de génération de plasma;
- Figures 20 à 27, différentes configurations de têtes de bougie adaptées pour une excitation radiofréquence.
- un générateur capable de faire résonner une structure L-C à une fréquence supérieure à 1MHz avec une tension aux bornes du condensateur supérieure à 5kV, de préférence supérieure à 6kV.
- un résonateur connecté en sortie du générateur et présentant un facteur de surtension compris entre 40 et 200 et présentant une fréquence de résonance supérieure à 1 MHz.
- une tête de bougie comprenant deux électrodes séparées par un isolant, permettant de générer un plasma lors de l'application de l'excitation radiofréquence.
- une alimentation basse tension 3 (générant une tension continue inférieure à 1000 V);
- un amplificateur radiofréquence 5, amplifiant la tension continue et générant une tension alternative à la fréquence commandée par la commande de commutation 4.
- f0 est de l'ordre de 5MHz;
- les valeurs Rs et Rp sont constantes;
- Rp est principalement induite par l'encrassement de la tête de bougie et vaut en moyenne 50 kΩ;
- Rs vaut approximativement 10 Ω en prenant en compte l'effet de peau.
Claims (12)
- Bougie (110) comprenant:deux électrodes de génération de plasma (103, 106),caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un résonateur série (61) présentant une fréquence de résonance supérieure à 1MHz et comprenant :un condensateur (111) muni de deux bornes, etun bobinage inductif (112), le condensateur et le bobinage étant disposés en série,
- Bougie selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le résonateur série comprend un unique bobinage inductif (112).
- Bougie selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le bobinage inductif présente un axe et est constitué d'une pluralité de spires superposées suivant cet axe.
- Bougie selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre une sonde (139) de mesure du courant traversant le bobinage comprenant un enroulement entourant radialement le bobinage.
- Bougie selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un blindage (132) connecté à une masse et entourant le bobinage inductif (112).
- Bougie selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le blindage et la bobine inductive ont globalement une forme cylindrique et en ce que le rapport entre leur diamètre respectif est compris entre 2,45 et 3.
- Bougie selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisée en ce que le blindage et la bobine inductive sont séparés par un manchon d'isolation (133) en un matériau présentant un coefficient diélectrique supérieur à 1.
- Bougie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la surface extérieure (132) du manchon d'isolation est métallisée et constitue le blindage.
- Bougie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le blindage comprend une boucle conductrice.
- Bougie selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le bobinage inductif (112) est enroulé autour d'un élément plein (134) constitué d'un matériau présentant un coefficient diélectrique supérieur à 3.
- Bougie selon la revendication 7 ou la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce qu'un desdits matériaux d'isolation présente une tension de claquage supérieure à 20 kV/mm.
- Bougies selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que :parmi lesdites électrodes, une première électrode forme un culot de la bougie et est connectée à la masse, une deuxième électrode est une anode;la bougie comprend en outre une pièce en matériau diélectrique séparant les extrémités libres des électrodes.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10012339.7A EP2273632B1 (fr) | 2003-09-12 | 2004-09-13 | Bougie de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0310766 | 2003-09-12 | ||
FR0310766A FR2859830B1 (fr) | 2003-09-12 | 2003-09-12 | Bougie de generation de plasma a inductance integree. |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10012339.7A Division EP2273632B1 (fr) | 2003-09-12 | 2004-09-13 | Bougie de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée |
EP10012339.7 Division-Into | 2010-09-30 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1515408A2 true EP1515408A2 (fr) | 2005-03-16 |
EP1515408A3 EP1515408A3 (fr) | 2006-11-15 |
EP1515408B1 EP1515408B1 (fr) | 2010-11-24 |
Family
ID=34130809
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04292188A Expired - Lifetime EP1515408B1 (fr) | 2003-09-12 | 2004-09-13 | Bougie de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée |
EP10012339.7A Expired - Lifetime EP2273632B1 (fr) | 2003-09-12 | 2004-09-13 | Bougie de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10012339.7A Expired - Lifetime EP2273632B1 (fr) | 2003-09-12 | 2004-09-13 | Bougie de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1515408B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE489751T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004030195D1 (fr) |
ES (2) | ES2455742T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2859830B1 (fr) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007060347A1 (fr) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Renault S.A.S | Mesure deportee du courant traversant une charge |
WO2008025911A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Renault S.A.S | Generateur de signal logique pseudoperiodique |
JP2008544459A (ja) * | 2005-06-23 | 2008-12-04 | ルノー・エス・アー・エス | 内燃機関用スパークプラグ |
FR2919343A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-01-30 | Renault Sas | Moteur a combustion et procede de commande d'un moteur a combustion. |
EP2025927A3 (fr) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-04-15 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Dispositif d'allumage à décharge de plasma non équilibré |
JP2010507206A (ja) * | 2006-10-17 | 2010-03-04 | ルノー・エス・アー・エス | 高周波プラズマ生成装置 |
WO2010043545A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-13 | 2010-04-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Moteur à combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage améliorée |
CN102155344A (zh) * | 2011-01-21 | 2011-08-17 | 电子科技大学 | 一种内燃机用缝隙耦合微波等离子体点火器 |
JP4869351B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-14 | 2012-02-08 | ルノー・エス・アー・エス | 内燃エンジン用スパークプラグ |
CN101248565B (zh) * | 2005-08-25 | 2012-06-20 | 雷诺股份公司 | 用于内燃机的等离子体火花塞 |
CN102518541A (zh) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-06-27 | 成都集思科技有限公司 | 一种用于内燃发动机点火的固态微波源 |
CN102804527A (zh) * | 2010-01-22 | 2012-11-28 | 雷诺股份公司 | 火花塞、点火系统、发动机以及发动机的点火方法 |
RU2474723C2 (ru) * | 2007-08-08 | 2013-02-10 | Рено С.А.С. | Радиочастотное устройство генерирования плазмы |
FR2982711A1 (fr) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-17 | Renault Sa | Bougie d'allumage |
EP2427938A4 (fr) * | 2009-05-04 | 2013-07-24 | Federal Mogul Ignition Co | Isolant à pointe corona |
WO2013142398A1 (fr) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Dispositif d'allumage à effet couronne à fonctionnement électrique amélioré |
WO2014118451A1 (fr) | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-07 | Renault S.A.S | Dispositif de generation de plasma avec reduction de la surtension aux bornes du transistor de communication, et procede de commande correspondant |
US10056738B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2018-08-21 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Corona ignition device with improved electrical performance |
US10056737B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2018-08-21 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Corona ignition device and assembly method |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2878086B1 (fr) | 2004-11-16 | 2007-03-09 | Renault Sas | Bougie a plasma radiofrequence |
FR2884365B1 (fr) | 2005-04-08 | 2013-10-11 | Renault Sas | Bougie multi-etincelles a chambre ouverte |
FR2887083B1 (fr) * | 2005-06-08 | 2007-08-10 | Renault Sas | Bougie a plasma radiofrequence pour l'allumage commande de moteurs a combustion interne |
FR2890248B1 (fr) * | 2005-08-25 | 2007-09-28 | Renault Sas | Bougie d'allumage a plasma pour un moteur a combustion interne |
FR2892240B1 (fr) | 2005-10-18 | 2010-10-22 | Renault Sas | Bougies d'allumage pour le moteur a combustion interne d'un vehicule automobile |
FR2899393B1 (fr) * | 2006-04-04 | 2008-05-09 | Renault Sas | Bougie de generation de plasma radiofrequence pour un moteur a combustion interne |
FR2913297B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-01 | 2014-06-20 | Renault Sas | Optimisation de la generation d'une etincelle d'allumage radio-frequence |
FR2935759B1 (fr) | 2008-09-09 | 2010-09-10 | Renault Sas | Dispositif de mesure du courant d'ionisation dans un systeme d'allumage radiofrequence pour un moteur a combustion interne |
FR2964803B1 (fr) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-08-31 | Renault Sa | Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne |
FR2975863B1 (fr) | 2011-05-25 | 2013-05-17 | Renault Sa | Alimentation pour allumage radiofrequence avec amplificateur a double etage |
DE102012108251B4 (de) * | 2011-10-21 | 2017-12-07 | Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh | Korona-Zündeinrichtung |
JP7058084B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-14 | 2022-04-21 | 株式会社Soken | 点火装置 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB859956A (en) * | 1957-12-12 | 1961-01-25 | Napier & Son Ltd | Spark producing apparatus and adaptors therefor |
EP0482127B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-13 | 1995-09-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne |
DE19723784C1 (de) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-08-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Schaltungsanordnung für die Zündung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US6550463B1 (en) * | 1998-09-07 | 2003-04-22 | Wilfried Schmolla | Method and switching system for the ignition of an internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3919656A (en) | 1973-04-23 | 1975-11-11 | Nathan O Sokal | High-efficiency tuned switching power amplifier |
US5187580A (en) | 1991-02-04 | 1993-02-16 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | High power switch-mode radio frequency amplifier method and apparatus |
-
2003
- 2003-09-12 FR FR0310766A patent/FR2859830B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-09-13 DE DE602004030195T patent/DE602004030195D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-13 AT AT04292188T patent/ATE489751T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-13 ES ES10012339.7T patent/ES2455742T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-13 ES ES04292188T patent/ES2354155T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-13 EP EP04292188A patent/EP1515408B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-13 EP EP10012339.7A patent/EP2273632B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB859956A (en) * | 1957-12-12 | 1961-01-25 | Napier & Son Ltd | Spark producing apparatus and adaptors therefor |
EP0482127B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-13 | 1995-09-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne |
DE19723784C1 (de) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-08-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Schaltungsanordnung für die Zündung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US6550463B1 (en) * | 1998-09-07 | 2003-04-22 | Wilfried Schmolla | Method and switching system for the ignition of an internal combustion engine |
Cited By (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008544459A (ja) * | 2005-06-23 | 2008-12-04 | ルノー・エス・アー・エス | 内燃機関用スパークプラグ |
CN101248565B (zh) * | 2005-08-25 | 2012-06-20 | 雷诺股份公司 | 用于内燃机的等离子体火花塞 |
JP4869351B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-14 | 2012-02-08 | ルノー・エス・アー・エス | 内燃エンジン用スパークプラグ |
FR2894034A1 (fr) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-01 | Renault Sas | Mesure deportee du courant traversant une charge |
US7710104B2 (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2010-05-04 | Renault S.A.S. | Out-of-line measurement of a current flowing through a load |
WO2007060347A1 (fr) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Renault S.A.S | Mesure deportee du courant traversant une charge |
JP2009517681A (ja) * | 2005-11-28 | 2009-04-30 | ルノー エス.アー.エス | 負荷を通過する電流の回線外測定 |
CN101317096B (zh) * | 2005-11-28 | 2011-02-09 | 雷诺股份公司 | 流经负载的电流的线外测量 |
FR2905538A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-07 | Renault Sas | Generateur de signal logique pseudoperiodique. |
CN101501632B (zh) * | 2006-08-30 | 2011-05-04 | 雷诺股份公司 | 伪周期逻辑信号生成器 |
US7974068B2 (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2011-07-05 | Renault S.A.S. | Pseudoperiodic logic signal generator |
JP2010502148A (ja) * | 2006-08-30 | 2010-01-21 | ルノー・エス・アー・エス | 偽周期性論理信号発生器 |
WO2008025911A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Renault S.A.S | Generateur de signal logique pseudoperiodique |
US8278807B2 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2012-10-02 | Renault S.A.S. | Radiofrequency plasma generation device |
JP2010507206A (ja) * | 2006-10-17 | 2010-03-04 | ルノー・エス・アー・エス | 高周波プラズマ生成装置 |
WO2009016310A3 (fr) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-04-09 | Renault Sa | Moteur a combustion et procede de commande d'un moteur a combustion |
WO2009016310A2 (fr) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-02-05 | Renault S.A.S. | Moteur a combustion et procede de commande d'un moteur a combustion |
FR2919343A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-01-30 | Renault Sas | Moteur a combustion et procede de commande d'un moteur a combustion. |
US7644698B2 (en) | 2007-08-02 | 2010-01-12 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Non-equilibrium plasma discharge type ignition device |
EP2025927A3 (fr) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-04-15 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Dispositif d'allumage à décharge de plasma non équilibré |
RU2474723C2 (ru) * | 2007-08-08 | 2013-02-10 | Рено С.А.С. | Радиочастотное устройство генерирования плазмы |
WO2010043545A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-13 | 2010-04-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Moteur à combustion interne pourvu d'une bougie d'allumage avec une surface d'allumage améliorée |
EP2427938A4 (fr) * | 2009-05-04 | 2013-07-24 | Federal Mogul Ignition Co | Isolant à pointe corona |
CN102804527A (zh) * | 2010-01-22 | 2012-11-28 | 雷诺股份公司 | 火花塞、点火系统、发动机以及发动机的点火方法 |
CN102155344A (zh) * | 2011-01-21 | 2011-08-17 | 电子科技大学 | 一种内燃机用缝隙耦合微波等离子体点火器 |
CN102155344B (zh) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-04 | 电子科技大学 | 一种微波等离子体汽车发动机点火器 |
FR2982711A1 (fr) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-17 | Renault Sa | Bougie d'allumage |
CN102518541A (zh) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-06-27 | 成都集思科技有限公司 | 一种用于内燃发动机点火的固态微波源 |
CN102518541B (zh) * | 2011-12-27 | 2015-05-20 | 成都集思科技有限公司 | 一种用于内燃发动机点火的固态微波源 |
JP2015512556A (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2015-04-27 | フェデラル−モーグル・イグニション・カンパニーFederal−Mogul Ignition Company | 電気的性能が向上したコロナ点火装置 |
US9970408B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2018-05-15 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Corona ignition device with improved electrical performance |
US11075504B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2021-07-27 | Tenneco Inc. | Corona ignition device with improved electrical performance |
WO2013142398A1 (fr) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Dispositif d'allumage à effet couronne à fonctionnement électrique amélioré |
US9088136B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2015-07-21 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Corona ignition device with improved electrical performance |
CN104303382B (zh) * | 2012-03-23 | 2017-03-01 | 费德罗-莫格尔点火公司 | 具有改进的电气性能的电晕点火装置 |
JP2018067553A (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2018-04-26 | フェデラル−モーグル・イグニション・カンパニーFederal−Mogul Ignition Company | 電気的性能が向上したコロナ点火装置 |
CN104303382A (zh) * | 2012-03-23 | 2015-01-21 | 费德罗-莫格尔点火公司 | 具有改进的电气性能的电晕点火装置 |
JP2018120867A (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2018-08-02 | フェデラル−モーグル・イグニション・カンパニーFederal−Mogul Ignition Company | 電気的性能が向上したコロナ点火装置 |
US10056738B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2018-08-21 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Corona ignition device with improved electrical performance |
US10056737B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2018-08-21 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Corona ignition device and assembly method |
EP3379665A1 (fr) * | 2012-03-23 | 2018-09-26 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Dispositif d'allumage à effet couronne à performances électriques améliorées |
US10490982B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2019-11-26 | Tenneco Inc. | Corona ignition device with improved electrical performance |
WO2014118451A1 (fr) | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-07 | Renault S.A.S | Dispositif de generation de plasma avec reduction de la surtension aux bornes du transistor de communication, et procede de commande correspondant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2273632A3 (fr) | 2013-03-13 |
FR2859830A1 (fr) | 2005-03-18 |
ES2455742T3 (es) | 2014-04-16 |
EP1515408B1 (fr) | 2010-11-24 |
EP2273632B1 (fr) | 2014-02-26 |
ATE489751T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
EP1515408A3 (fr) | 2006-11-15 |
FR2859830B1 (fr) | 2014-02-21 |
EP2273632A2 (fr) | 2011-01-12 |
ES2354155T3 (es) | 2011-03-10 |
DE602004030195D1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1515594B1 (fr) | Bougie d'allumage et génération de plasma | |
EP1515408B1 (fr) | Bougie de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée | |
FR2859831A1 (fr) | Bougie de generation de plasma. | |
AU2007252939C1 (en) | Ignition system | |
US10072629B2 (en) | Repetitive ignition system for enhanced combustion | |
EP2080254B1 (fr) | Dispositif de generation de plasma radiofrequence | |
US4317068A (en) | Plasma jet ignition system | |
TW505734B (en) | Add-on unit to conventional ignition systems to provide a follow-on current through a spark plug | |
JPS618470A (ja) | 内燃機関の燃料−空気混合物の燃焼開始方法及びその装置 | |
US9828967B2 (en) | System and method for elastic breakdown ignition via multipole high frequency discharge | |
FR2777607A1 (fr) | Systeme d'allumage a energie commandee pour un moteur a combustion interne | |
US9246313B2 (en) | Ignition system | |
FR2927482A1 (fr) | Dispositif de generation de haute tension. | |
TW201734303A (zh) | 燃燒室中點燃空氣-燃料混合物的點燃裝置 | |
JP2001012337A (ja) | 火花点火装置 | |
EP1046814B1 (fr) | Système d'allumage pour moteur de véhicule automobile | |
JP2019511670A (ja) | 燃焼室内の空気/燃料の混合物に点火を行う点火装置 | |
FR2792374A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne et bougie d'allumage pour sa mise en oeuvre | |
FR2904155A1 (fr) | Systeme d'allumage et moteur a combustion interne comportant un tel systeme d'allumage | |
JP2002523674A (ja) | パルス発生用電子回路構成 | |
WO2001006609A1 (fr) | Bougie a effet de surface | |
RU2362902C2 (ru) | Способ снижения пробивного напряжения в системах зажигания двигателей внутреннего сгорания | |
JP3116964B2 (ja) | エンジンの点火装置 | |
FR2908954A1 (fr) | Reacteur a decharge corona pulsee a compression magnetique. | |
FR2779288A1 (fr) | Module d'alimentation d'une lampe a decharge, notamment de projecteur de vehicule automobile |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL HR LT LV MK |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL HR LT LV MK |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: H01T 13/44 20060101ALI20061006BHEP Ipc: H01T 13/50 20060101AFI20061006BHEP |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20070201 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20070619 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 602004030195 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20110105 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: RO Ref legal event code: EPE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Effective date: 20110228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110324 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110224 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110225 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20110825 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602004030195 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110825 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110930 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110930 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110913 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20101124 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20210922 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20210920 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20210921 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Payment date: 20210907 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20210920 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20210920 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: TR Payment date: 20210910 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20210920 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20211119 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602004030195 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220913 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20221001 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20220913 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20220930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20221001 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220930 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230401 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220930 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20231027 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220913 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220913 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220913 |