EP1504458B1 - Dispositif de supraconductivite comportant un aimant supraconducteur et une unite de refroidissement - Google Patents

Dispositif de supraconductivite comportant un aimant supraconducteur et une unite de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1504458B1
EP1504458B1 EP03752654A EP03752654A EP1504458B1 EP 1504458 B1 EP1504458 B1 EP 1504458B1 EP 03752654 A EP03752654 A EP 03752654A EP 03752654 A EP03752654 A EP 03752654A EP 1504458 B1 EP1504458 B1 EP 1504458B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
superconducting
winding
cooling
pipeline
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP03752654A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1504458A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Van Hasselt
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/04—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/006—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect boiling cooling systems

Definitions

  • cooling units in the form of so-called cryocoolers with closed helium compressed gas circulation are preferably used in said temperature range.
  • cryocoolers are in particular of the Gifford-McMahon or Stirling type or are designed as so-called pulse tube coolers.
  • Corresponding refrigeration units also have the advantage that the cooling capacity is virtually available at the push of a button and the user is spared the handling of cryogenic liquids.
  • a superconducting magnetic coil winding is indirectly cooled only by heat conduction to a cold head of a refrigerator, so it is free of refrigerant.
  • Corresponding devices of the superconducting technique go, for example, " Proc. 16th Int. Cryog. Engng. Conf. [ICEC 16] ", Kitakyushu, JP, 20-24 / 05/1996, Elsevier Science, 1997, pages 1109-1132 out.
  • refrigerator cooling has already been realized using good heat-conducting connections, for example in the form of possibly also flexibly designed Cu tubes, between a cold head of a corresponding refrigeration unit and the superconducting winding of the magnet (cf. Reference from ICEC 16, in particular pages 1113 to 1116 ).
  • good heat-conducting connections for example in the form of possibly also flexibly designed Cu tubes, between a cold head of a corresponding refrigeration unit and the superconducting winding of the magnet (cf. Reference from ICEC 16, in particular pages 1113 to 1116 ).
  • the large cross sections required for good thermal coupling lead to a considerable increase in cold mass.
  • this is due to the extended cooling times of disadvantage.
  • thermal coupling of the at least one winding to the at least one cold head via thermally conductive solids may also be provided a conduit system in which a He gas stream circulates (see, eg US 5,485,730 ).
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a device of the superconducting technique with the features mentioned, in which the cost of cooling a superconducting winding is reduced.
  • the refrigeration unit should have at least one cold head and should the at least one pipeline with a refrigerant receiving cross-section be completed by less than 10 cm 2 at its end.
  • a cold head means any cold surface of a refrigeration unit via which the refrigerating capacity is discharged directly or indirectly to the refrigerant.
  • a corresponding line system has at least one closed pipe which runs between the cold head and the superconducting winding with a gradient.
  • the gradient is at least in some parts of the pipeline generally more than 0.5 °, preferably more than 1 ° relative to the horizontal.
  • the refrigerant present in this pipeline recondenses on a cold surface of the refrigeration unit or the cold head and from there into the region of the superconducting winding, where it heats up and generally evaporates.
  • the refrigerant thus evaporated then flows within the pipe back into the area of the cold surface of the cold head.
  • the piping system thus represents a so-called single-tube thermosyphon, in which the circulation of the refrigerant takes place due to the so-called "thermosiphon effect". It is assumed that even with small pipe cross-sections of less than 10 cm 2, such a circulation is possible.
  • thermosiphon for transmitting the cooling capacity to the winding, the required circulating amount of cryogenic refrigerant is significantly reduced compared to a bath cooling, for example, by a factor of about 100. Furthermore, since the liquid only in pipelines with relatively small diameters, the are generally on the order of a few centimeters, circulates, the pressure build-up in a quench case without problems is technically manageable. Besides the safety aspects, reducing the amount of liquid refrigerant in the system, especially when using helium or neon as a refrigerant, is also a significant cost advantage. Compared to cooling with heat-conducting connection bodies, a thermosiphon also offers the advantage of a good thermal coupling regardless of the spatial distance between the cold head and the object to be cooled.
  • the piping system may in particular comprise two or more pipes which are filled with different refrigerants having different condensation temperatures.
  • the subsystems can either to a common cold head or be thermally coupled to separate cold heads of a refrigeration unit.
  • the superconducting magnet of the device may include a winding which has superconducting HTS material and in particular is also to be kept at a temperature below 77 K.
  • a device according to the invention of superconducting technology should also be designed for LTS magnets.
  • this system includes an unspecified, preferably superconducting magnet 3 with an upper, lying in a horizontal plane superconducting winding 4a and a parallel arranged lower superconducting winding 4b.
  • windings may in particular be made with conductors of high-T c superconducting material such as (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 CU 3 O x , which, for the sake of a high current carrying capacity can be maintained at an operating temperature below 77 K.
  • the windings have a ring shape. They are each housed in a corresponding vacuum housing, not shown.
  • the cooling capacity for cooling the windings 4a and 4b is provided by a refrigeration unit, not shown in detail, with at least one cold head 6 located at its cold end.
  • This cold head has a cold surface 7 to be held at a predetermined temperature level or is thermally connected thereto.
  • the interior of a condenser chamber 8 is thermally coupled to this cold surface;
  • the cold surface 7 forms a wall of this space.
  • the interior of this condenser chamber 8 is divided into two subspaces 9a and 9b. To the (first) subspace 9a, a pipe 10a of a piping system 10 is connected.
  • This pipeline first leads from the subspace 9a into the region of the superconducting winding 4a, where it is in good heat-conducting contact with the winding.
  • the tubing 10a spirals along the inside of the coil.
  • the attachment on the inside is not mandatory; It is only important that the pipeline with a permanent gradient reaches the entire circumference of the winding and is thermally coupled there well to the parts or conductors of the winding to be cooled.
  • the pipe 10a includes, at least with its most substantial parts with the horizontal h, a gradient (or inclination) angle ⁇ of more than 0.5 °, preferably more than 1 °.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ in the region of the winding 4a is about 3 °.
  • the pipe 10a then leads into the region of the lower winding 4b, where it is arranged in a corresponding manner. It is completed at its end 11.
  • the refrigerant k1 receiving cross-section q of the pipe 10a can be advantageously kept small and in particular below 10 cm 2 . In the illustrated embodiment, q is about 2 cm 2 .
  • a first refrigerant k1 for example neon (Ne).
  • the refrigerant k1 circulates in the pipeline 10a including the associated subspace 9a due to a known thermosiphon effect.
  • the refrigerant condenses in the subspace 9a on the cold surface 7 and reaches the area of the superconducting windings in liquid form.
  • the refrigerant is heated, for example under at least partial evaporation, and flows in the pipe 10a back into the subspace 9a, where it is recondensed.
  • the piping system 10 comprises a second pipeline 10b, which leads parallel to the first pipeline 10a and is filled with a further refrigerant k2.
  • This refrigerant is different from the first refrigerant k1, that is, it has another, preferably higher, condensation temperature.
  • nitrogen (N 2 ) is selected for the refrigerant k2.
  • the pipeline 10b is connected to the (second) subspace 9b of the condenser chamber 8.
  • the second refrigerant k2 also circulates due to a thermosiphon effect in the closed pipe 10b and the subspace 9b.
  • the second refrigerant k2 is then condensed first, wherein the windings can be pre-cooled to about 70 to 80 K, for example in the case of using N 2 as the refrigerant k2.
  • the cold surface 7 With further cooling of the cold surface 7 then condenses the first, located in the pipe 10a refrigerant k1 with the comparatively lower condensation temperature and thus leads to a further cooling to the intended operating temperature of, for example 20 K (when using Ne as the first refrigerant k1).
  • the second refrigerant k2 may be frozen out at this operating temperature in the region of the subspace 9b.
  • the device 2 of the superconducting technique according to the invention may of course also have only one line system with only a single pipe. If one considers a larger number of pipelines, several pipelines can also be thermally coupled to separate cold heads or to stages of a refrigeration unit lying at different temperature levels. In two-stage refrigeration units or cold heads, as they are planned in particular for the cooling of thermal shields, one would for a faster pre-cooling with another thermosiphon pipe, which is filled for example with N 2 or Ar, the magnet windings - in addition to the thermal connection to the second stage - also connect to the first (warmer) stage.
  • thermosiphon cooling is also applicable to magnets having vertically arranged windings.
  • An embodiment of a device according to the invention with corresponding windings is indicated in Figure 2.
  • the gradient angle ⁇ is in large parts of the generally designated 20 line system about 90 °.
  • a condenser chamber 18 and a cold head are generally placed above the windings so as to ensure the required slope.
  • Per winding at least one pipe 15i is required because, in contrast to horizontally arranged windings not a pipe can reach all windings while maintaining the slope.
  • each pipe 15i receives sufficient recondensed refrigerant k1
  • the entire pipe system 20 formed from the pipes 15i must either be designed as a system of communicating pipes and be completely flooded with the liquid refrigerant in the area of the windings 14j. This is indicated in the figure 2 by a blackening coloring of the refrigerant k1, while the evaporated refrigerant is colored lighter and designated k1 '.
  • each pipe 15i must have a separate condenser (part) chamber on the cold head.
  • an inventive device of the superconducting technique may comprise a conduit system with at least one pipe, in which there is also a mixture of two refrigerants with different condensation temperatures. Then, with a gradual cooling, the gas with the highest condensation temperature can condense and then form a closed circuit for heat transfer to a winding to be cooled. After a pre-cooling of this winding to the triple point temperature of this gas, this will then freeze in the region of the condenser chamber, whereupon the other gas mixture component with the lower condensation temperature ensures further cooling to the operating temperature.
  • the gases He, H 2 , Ne, O 2 , N 2 , Ar and various hydrocarbons come as a refrigerant depending on the desired operating temperature in question.
  • the selection of the respective cold gas is carried out so that at the intended operating temperature the refrigerant is simultaneously gaseous and liquid. In this way, a circulation is to be ensured by utilizing a thermosiphon effect.
  • warm and / or cold reservoirs can be provided on the line system.
  • refrigerant also depends on the superconductor material used. If an LTS material such as Nb 3 Sn is provided, only He as a refrigerant in question.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dispositif (2) de la technique de supraconductivité
    - comprenant un aimant (3) qui comporte au moins un enroulement (4a, 4b) apte à la supraconductivité et exempt de fluide frigorigène,
    - comprenant un groupe frigorifique,
    et
    - comprenant un système (10) de conduits ayant au moins une canalisation (10a, 10b) fermée pour un fluide (k1, k1' ; k2) frigorigène y circulant suivant un effet de thermosiphon, en vue du couplage thermique du au moins un enroulement (4a, 4b) au groupe frigorifique,
    caractérisé en ce que le groupe frigorifique a au moins une tête (6) froide et la au moins une canalisation (10a, 10b) est fermée, en ayant une section (2) transversale de réception du fluide (k1, k1' ; k2) frigorigène de moins de 10 cm2 à son extrémité (11).
  2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le système (10) de conduits a deux canalisations (10a, 10b) qui sont emplies de fluides (k1 et k2) frigorigènes différents ayant des températures de condensation différentes.
  3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les canalisations (10a, 10b) sont couplées thermiquement à une tête (6) froide commune.
  4. Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les canalisations sont couplées thermiquement à des têtes froides distinctes.
  5. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins des parties de la au moins une canalisation (10a, 10b) ont une pente par rapport à l'horizontale (h) de plus de 0,5°, de préférence de plus de 1°.
  6. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce l'enroulement (4a, 4b ; 14j) supraconducteur contient un matériau supraconducteur à Tc haute.
  7. Dispositif suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le matériau supraconducteur doit tenir à une température inférieure à 77 K.
  8. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu comme fluide (k1 et k2) frigorigène un mélange de plusieurs constituants de fluide frigorigène ayant des températures de condensation différentes.
  9. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce l'aimant (3) supraconducteur fait partie d'une installation MRI.
EP03752654A 2002-05-15 2003-04-29 Dispositif de supraconductivite comportant un aimant supraconducteur et une unite de refroidissement Expired - Fee Related EP1504458B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10221639A DE10221639B4 (de) 2002-05-15 2002-05-15 Einrichtung der Supraleitungstechnik mit einem supraleitenden Magneten und einer Kälteeinheit
DE10221639 2002-05-15
PCT/DE2003/001378 WO2003098645A1 (fr) 2002-05-15 2003-04-29 Dispositif de supraconductivite comportant un aimant supraconducteur et une unite de refroidissement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1504458A1 EP1504458A1 (fr) 2005-02-09
EP1504458B1 true EP1504458B1 (fr) 2007-07-18

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EP03752654A Expired - Fee Related EP1504458B1 (fr) 2002-05-15 2003-04-29 Dispositif de supraconductivite comportant un aimant supraconducteur et une unite de refroidissement

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US (1) US7260941B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1504458B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4417247B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100354992C (fr)
DE (2) DE10221639B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003098645A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50307708D1 (de) 2007-08-30
CN100354992C (zh) 2007-12-12
EP1504458A1 (fr) 2005-02-09
DE10221639A1 (de) 2003-11-27
DE10221639B4 (de) 2004-06-03
US7260941B2 (en) 2007-08-28
WO2003098645A1 (fr) 2003-11-27
JP2005530976A (ja) 2005-10-13
US20050252219A1 (en) 2005-11-17
JP4417247B2 (ja) 2010-02-17
CN1653564A (zh) 2005-08-10

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